The Gary K. Steinberg Lab: Our laboratory investigates the pathophysiology and treatment of acute cerebral ischemia, as well as methods to restore neurologic function after stroke. Treatment strategies include mild brain hypothermia, gene transfer therapy and stem cell transplantation. Our clinical research develops innovative surgical, endovascular and radiosurgical approaches for treating patients with difficult intra cranial aneurysms, complex vascular malformations and occlusive disease, including Moyamoya disease.
The Center for Children's Brain tumors: The center is designed to address each of the issues that currently inhibit the advancement of pediatric brain tumor care, as well as its cure. The center's goal is to create and foster an environment in which the activities of clinicians and basic scientists are integrated. Combined with a comprehensive care system for children and their families, this atmosphere will provide insights into the basic aspects of abnormal cell growth; these insights will then be translated into the development and use of safe and effective clinical therapies.
The Pak Chan Lab: Our primary research interest is to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cell death in the CNS following acute injuries such as ischemia and trauma and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. We focus on the role of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage and repair, various gene expressions and various transcription factors in the pathogenesis of necrosis and/or apoptosis. The long-term goal of our research is to derive therapeutic strategies at the cellular and molecular level to ameliorate cell death in CNS injuries.
The Theo Palmer Lab: In adult human brain development, neurogenesis ceases at birth and the vast majority of areas in the adult mammalian brain no longer produce new neurons, even in the face of debilitating injury or disease. However, there are distinct exceptions to the rule. In rodents and humans, the hippocampus is one of the few areas where neurogenesis continues through adult life. Among other roles, the hippocampus is most well known as the area of the brain that mediates short-term learning and memory. Hippocampal function is affected in many diseases with grave human consequences. The two most common presentations of this dysfunction are memory deficits that accompany Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorders. The fact that the addition/replacement of neurons uniquely occurs in the hippocampus suggests that neurogenesis itself plays a useful role within a pre-existing neural network. However, the mechanisms that regulate this process are not understood. Our research examines regions of adult brain where neurogenesis occurs to understand how the brain regulates and utilizes this ability to add or replace neurons.
The Heng Zhao Lab: My lab mainly studies the protective effect of post conditioning against stroke. Reperfusion (the restoration of blood flow) is one of the first choices for ischemic stroke treatment. However, reperfusion can also cause overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals that lead to reperfusion injury. Limiting the damage caused by reperfusion is a key issue for stroke treatment. We were the first to demonstrate that interrupting the early hyperemic response after reperfusion reduces infarction after stroke, a novel phenomenon called postconditioning. Since postconditioning is performed after reperfusion, it has great potential for clinical application. In addition, we also study protective effect of preconditioning and mild hypothermia. The rationale for studying three means of neuroprotection is that we may discover mechanisms that these treatments have in common. Conversely, if they have differing mechanisms, we will be able to offer more than one treatment for stroke and increase a patient's chance for recovery.
The Jon Park Lab: The Stanford University Medical Center (SUMC) Neurosurgery Spine Laboratory has been studying the clinical outcomes and biomechanical properties of various dynamic stabilization devices, the later of which are potentially an improvement over the rigid devices.
We are analyzing the biomechanical properties of these devices using human cadavers and our Material Testing System (MTS, Eden Prairie, Minnesota) along with a pressure transducer/strain scanner. Using these instruments, we have studied the intradiscal pressures (IDPs) at the level of the semi-rigid fusions, as well as the effects of the fusions on adjacent segment IDPs; the results have been favorable when compared with traditional rigid devices.
In addition to studying the clinical and biomechanical evaluations of semi-rigid stabilization systems, the biomechanical properties of various artificial discs placed into human cadaveric spines has been another focus of our research efforts, as well. The MTS system has also been used for these studies.
Preliminary research with human disc cells has also begun, once again in our laboratory. Human disc cells are being grown in cell culture, to be utilized to eventually create replacement discs formulated from the patient's own disc material. This type of disc will potentially be an improvement on the artificial discs being used at this time.
The Maxwell Boakye Lab: The Neural Plasticity Laboratory (NPL) is interested in changes in sensorimotor cortical and spinal physiology after injury to the central and peripheral nervous system. We utilize multimodal approaches such as functional magentic resonance imaging(FMRI), transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) movement related cortical potentials(MRCP), somatosensory evoked potentials and electromyographic(EMG) methods to study sensorimotor plasticity after injury. The current major focus is on spinal cord injury with the goal of understanding the relationship between sensorimotor plasticity and recovery after spinal cord injury. Second, we want to develop better tools for studying spinal physiology in humans. A third focus is to understand the interaction between genes, sensorimotor plasticity and recovery from spinal cord injury.
The Marion S. Buckwalter Lab: Our lab focuses on how inflammatory responses after brain injury may affect neurological recovery. We utilize translational approaches to understand molecular mechanisms underlying functional recovery. Molecular events are modified in mice using either transgenic models or novel small molecule compounds, and then we evaluate the effects on functional recovery as well as on cellular and molecular responses..
