Inclusion Criteria:

   - Histologically confirmed muscle-invasive UC (also termed transitional cell carcinoma)
   of the bladder or upper urinary tract (i.e., renal pelvis or ureters)

   - For participants treated with prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy: tumor stage of ypT2-4a
   or ypN+ (ypT2-4 or ypN+ for participants with upper urinary tract UC) and M0

   - For participants who have not received prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy: tumor stage of
   pT3-4a or pN+ (pT3-4 or pN+ for participants with upper urinary tract UC) and M0

   - Representative formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from surgical
   resection (i.e., radical cystectomy, nephroureterectomy, or lymph node dissection) in
   paraffin blocks (blocks preferred) or at least 15 unstained slides, with an associated
   pathology report, for central testing and determined to be evaluable for tumor
   programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression prior to study enrollment

   - Absence of residual disease and absence of metastasis, as confirmed by a negative
   baseline computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging scan of the pelvis,
   abdomen, and chest no more than 4 weeks prior to randomization

   - Full recovery from cystectomy or nephroureterectomy within 14 weeks following surgery

   - Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of less than or equal to (
   - Life expectancy greater than or equal to (>/=) 12 weeks

   - Adequate hematologic and end-organ function

   - For women who are not postmenopausal or surgically sterile: agreement to remain
   abstinent or use contraceptive methods that result in a failure rate of less than (<)
   1 percent (%) per year during the treatment period and for at least 5 months after the
   last dose of atezolizumab

Exclusion Criteria:

   - Any approved anti-cancer therapy within 3 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment

   - Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy for UC following surgical resection

   - Treatment with any other investigational agent or participation in another clinical
   trial with therapeutic intent within 28 days or five half-lives of the drug prior to
   enrollment

   - Malignancies other than UC within 5 years prior to Cycle 1, Day 1

   - Pregnancy or breastfeeding

   - Significant cardiovascular disease

   - Severe infections within 4 weeks prior to Cycle 1, Day 1

   - Major surgical procedure other than for diagnosis within 28 days prior to Cycle 1, Day
   1

   - History of severe allergic, anaphylactic, or other hypersensitivity reactions to
   chimeric or humanized antibodies or fusion proteins

   - Known hypersensitivity to biopharmaceuticals produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells
   or any component of the atezolizumab formulation

   - History of autoimmune disease

   - Prior allogeneic stem cell or solid organ transplant

   - History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia, drug-induced
   pneumonitis, idiopathic pneumonitis, or evidence of active pneumonitis on screening
   chest CT scan

   - Positive test for human immunodeficiency virus and/or active hepatitis B or hepatitis
   C or tuberculosis

   - Administration of a live, attenuated vaccine within 4 weeks before Cycle 1 Day 1

   - Prior treatment with cluster of differentiation 137 (CD137) agonists or immune
   checkpoint blockade therapies, including anti-CD40, anti-cytotoxic
   T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (anti-CTLA-4), anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1),
   and anti-PD-L1 therapeutic antibodies