The development of vaccine adjuvants has been described as one of the slowest processes in the history of medicine¹. Following its introduction in the 1920s, alum remained the only adjuvant licensed for human use for the next 70 years. Since the 1990s, a further five adjuvants have been included in licensed vaccines, but the molecular mechanisms by which many of these adjuvants work remain poorly understood. Therefore, a major goal of our research is to discover the mechanisms by which adjuvants stimulate the innate immune system to elicit broad and durable immune responses^2-8. In addition, we are working with adjuvant manufacturers to design and test novel adjuvants. Our work revealed the capacity of the TLR7/8 ligand (3M-052) to stimulate remarkably durable antibody responses and bone marrow plasma cells in nonhuman primates, leading to its current evaluation as a vaccine adjuvant in the clinic³.  Furthermore, our work on the comparative assessment of different adjuvants with a subunit COVID vaccine^4-7has resulted in the approval of the AS03 adjuvanted SKYCovione^TM vaccine. In addition, our work has revealed new mechanisms by which adjuvants induce broad antiviral defense by epigenetic imprinting of innate immunity⁹, a discovery that has led to the concept of “epigenetic adjuvants,” that is currently being assessed.