Mental Health in the Workplace
World Mental Health Day (WMHD), observed each year on October 10th, aims to “promote the advancement of mental health awareness, prevention of mental disorders, advocacy, and best practice recovery focused interventions worldwide.”
The theme for this year’s WMHD is “It is time to Prioritize Mental Health in the Workplace.”
Workplace mental health is a critically important aspect of overall well-being for employees. It encompasses the emotional, psychological, and social well-being of individuals at work, and plays a significant role in productivity, engagement, and job satisfaction. Prioritizing workplace mental health not only benefits employees, but also contributes to a positive organizational climate and overall success. Workplace mental health is especially crucial for healthcare workers, who often face unique stressors and challenges in their roles. Providing support, resources, and training on mental health awareness and self-care can make a significant difference in promoting resilience and well-being among healthcare professionals.
Faculty across our department are involved in providing resources related to workplace mental health and well-being for employees within our Stanford community and beyond, as well as research and innovation in this area. On this WMHD, we are pleased to shine a spotlight on their work.
WellMD & WellPhD Program
Faculty and staff in the department collaborate with the WellMD & WellPhD Program, which focuses on creating cultures and practices that reduce burnout and drive professional fulfillment - not only at Stanford, but also on advancing the field globally. Mickey Trockel, MD, PhD, serves as the Program’s Director of Evidence Based Innovation, Maryam Makowski, PhD, serves as the Associate Director of Scholarship and Health Promotion, and Grace Gengoux, PhD, serves as our Department Well-Being Director.
Stanford WellConnect
For more than a decade, this confidential program has been supporting the mental health of medical trainees, physicians, and advance practice providers at Stanford Health Care and benefits-eligible faculty in Stanford's School of Medicine. The WellConnect team provides therapy, medication management, and short-term coaching to support work-life integration, mitigate the negative impact of work on personal relationships, address burnout, self-valuation, nutrition, and other areas of concern.
Pause a Moment
“Pause a Moment” (PAM) is an educational platform available online to anyone interested in exploring the tools and information provided. PAM was designed to improve emotional well-being of healthcare workers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic by providing opportunities to learn and practice tools aimed towards cultivating effective coping, self-care, and resilience-building strategies, among others. PAM was developed by Stanford University School of Medicine faculty, led by Debra Kaysen, PhD, and Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, PhD, working with faculty and students from Stanford, the University of Michigan, Palo Alto University, and Columbia University in collaboration with healthcare workers.
Professional Well-Being: Enhancing Wellness Among Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Mental Health Clinicians
Although data exist to support the notion that physician self-care is correlated with patient care, the culture of medicine has traditionally valued the ideals of self-sacrifice and perfectionism—often to the detriment of clinicians themselves. This book—the result of a collaboration by several psychologists and psychiatrists in the School of Medicine at Stanford University, posits a new culture, one that is supportive of the health and well-being of health care professionals and the patients and populations they serve. Professional Well-Being was written by Grace Gengoux, PhD, BCBA-D, Sanno Zack, PhD, Jennifer Derenne, MD, Athena Robinson, PhD, Laura Dunn, MD, and Laura Roberts, MD, MA.
Department Well-being Advisory Committee
Led by Dr. Grace Gengoux and Dr. Mickey Trockel, our department’s standing Well-being Advisory Committee is engaged in many efforts to support the health, belonging, and wellness of our staff, trainees, and faculty. They have piloted several efforts to improve clinician well-being over the last couple of years, including:
- Implementing strategies to improve cross-coverage systems to allow faculty to take time off from work without the need self-cover, and to improve documentation efficiency to reduce time spent charting on nights and weekends
- Addressing issues related to complexity of caseload, isolation, and limited access to clinical consultation by encouraging faculty engagement in department-supported, faculty-led peer consultation groups
- Developing leadership behaviors (e.g., holding career development conversations, encouraging suggestions for improvement, providing feedback and coaching, communication skills) that are considered key drivers of a department’s culture of wellness
Selected Publications
For those interested in learning more about the related research, we have included a selection of recent scholarly publications co-authored by faculty in our department focusing on workplace mental health, burnout, and related topics. These publications explore various aspects of mental health for physicians and other healthcare providers, strategies for preventing burnout, and interventions to promote well-being among employees.
- At-Risk Work Hours Among U.S. Physicians and Other U.S. Workers. Shanafelt TD, West CP, Sinsky CA, Trockel MT, Tutty MA, Wang H, Carlasare LE, Dyrbye LN. Am J Prev Med. 2023 Oct;65(4):568-578. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.03.020. Epub 2023 May 11. PMID: 37178097
- Helping the Helpers: Adaptation and Evaluation of Stress First Aid for Healthcare Workers in the Veterans Health Administration During the COVID-19 Pandemic. McLean CP, Betsworth D, Bihday C, Daman MC, Davis CA, Kaysen D, Rosen CS, Saxby D, Smith AE, Spinelli S, Watson P. Workplace Health Saf. 2023 Apr;71(4):162-171. doi: 10.1177/21650799221148650. Epub 2023 Feb 1. PMID: 36726298
- Working Together to Ensure Greater Safety in Our Work and Training Environments. Roberts LW. Acad Med. 2023 Jul 1;98(7):755-756. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000005241. Epub 2023 Jun 23. PMID: 37399322
- Supporting a Culture of Wellness: Examining the Utility of the Residency Program Community Well-Being Instrument in the Medical Training and Work Environment. Trockel M, Fischer A. Acad Med. 2023 May 1;98(5):552-554. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000005163. Epub 2023 Feb 3. PMID: 36745876
- Well-Being Parameters and Intention to Leave Current Institution Among Academic Physicians. Ligibel JA, Goularte N, Berliner JI, Bird SB, Brazeau CMLR, Rowe SG, Stewart MT, Trockel MT. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Dec 1;6(12):e2347894. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.47894. PMID: 38100103
- Politicization of Medical Care, Burnout, and Professionally Conflicting Emotions Among Physicians During COVID-19. Sinsky CA, Trockel M, Carlasare LE, West CP, Wang H, Tutty M, Dyrbye LN, Shanafelt TD. Mayo Clin Proc. 2023 Nov;98(11):1613-1628. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.07.007. PMID: 37923520
- Occupational Characteristics Associated with Professional Fulfillment and Burnout Among U.S. Physiatrists. Makowski MS, Trockel M, Paganoni S, Weinstein S, Verduzco-Gutierrez M, Kinney C, Kennedy DJ, Sliwa J, Wang H, Knowlton T, Stautzenbach T, Shanafelt TD. PM R. 2023 May;15(5):541-551. doi: 10.1002/pmrj.12961. PMID: 36794660
- IMPACT: Evaluation of a Controlled Organizational Intervention Using Influential Peers to Promote Professional Fulfillment. Trockel MT, Menon NK, Makowski MS, Wen LY, Roberts R, Bohman BD, Shanafelt TD. Mayo Clin Proc. 2023 Jan;98(1):75-87. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.06.035. Epub 2022 Dec 1. PMID: 36464536 Clinical Trial.
- Impact of a Virtual Professional Development Coaching Program on the Professional Fulfillment and Well-Being of Women Surgery Residents: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Palamara K, McKinley SK, Chu JT, Merrill AL, Yu L, Parangi S, Makowski MS, Park YS, Donelan K, Stein SL. Ann Surg. 2023 Feb 1;277(2):188-195. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005562. Epub 2022 Jun 29. PMID: 35766397 Clinical Trial.
- Designing and Building a Portfolio of Individual Support Resources for Physicians. Brazeau CMLR, Trockel MT, Swensen SJ, Shanafelt TD. Acad Med. 2023 Oct 1;98(10):1113-1119. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000005276. Epub 2023 May 23. PMID: 37220390
- Vacation Days Taken, Work During Vacation, and Burnout Among US Physicians. Sinsky CA, Trockel MT, Dyrbye LN, Wang H, Carlasare LE, West CP, Shanafelt TD. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Jan 2;7(1):e2351635. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.51635. PMID: 38214928
- Evaluation of Work-Life Integration, Social Isolation, and the Impact of Work on Personal Relationships Among Healthcare CEOs and Administrative Leaders. Shanafelt T, Trockel M, Mayer T, Wang H, Athey L. J Healthc Manag. 2024 Mar-Apr 01;69(2):99-117. doi: 10.1097/JHM-D-23-00134. PMID: 38467024
- Teamwork Climate, Safety Climate, and Physician Burnout: A National, Cross-Sectional Study. Rotenstein L, Wang H, West CP, Dyrbye LN, Trockel M, Sinsky C, Shanafelt T. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2024 Jun;50(6):458-462. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2024.03.007. Epub 2024 Mar 14. PMID: 38653613
- A qualitative study of strategies to improve occupational well-being in physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians. Amano A, Makowski MS, Trockel MT, Menon NK, Wang H, Sliwa J, Weinstein S, Kinney C, Paganoni S, Verduzco-Gutierrez M, Kennedy DJ, Knowlton T, Stautzenbach T, Shanafelt TD. PM R. 2024 Jun 5. doi: 10.1002/pmrj.13189. PMID: 38837667
- Clinician Burnout and Effectiveness of Guideline-Recommended Psychotherapies. Sayer NA, Kaplan A, Nelson DB, Wiltsey Stirman S, Rosen CS. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Apr 1;7(4):e246858. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6858. PMID: 38630477
- Supporting the Surgeon Workforce and Surgery Education to Address the Widening Gap of Unmet Need. Roberts LW. Acad Med. 2024 Aug 1;99(8):815-817. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000005772. PMID: 39092862
- Characteristics and Habits of Psychiatrists and Neurologists With High Occupational Well-Being: A Mixed Methods Study. Amano A, Menon NK, Bissonnette S, Sullivan AB, Frost N, Mekile Z, Wang H, Shanafelt TD, Trockel MT. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2024 Jun 12;8(4):329-342. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2024.04.005. eCollection 2024 Aug. PMID: 38974531
- An examination of the vacation behaviors of United States emergency physicians. Lu DW, Courtney DM, Sinsky CA, Wang H, Trockel MT, Dyrbye LN, Carlasare LE, West CP, Shanafelt TD. Acad Emerg Med. 2024 Aug 30. doi: 10.1111/acem.15005. PMID: 39215456
- Impact of Work on Personal Relationships and Physician Well-being. Trockel MT, Dyrbye LN, West CP, Sinsky CA, Wang H, Carlasare LE, Tutty M, Shanafelt TD. Mayo Clin Proc. 2024 Aug 27:S0025-6196(24)00146-0. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2024.03.010. PMID: 39230551
- Associations Between Organizational Support, Burnout, and Professional Fulfillment Among US Physicians During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Carlasare LE, Wang H, West CP, Trockel M, Dyrbye LN, Tutty M, Sinsky C, Shanafelt TD. J Healthc Manag. 2024 Sep-Oct 01;69(5):368-386. doi: 10.1097/JHM-D-23-00124. Epub 2024 Sep 6. PMID: 39240266
- An examination of the vacation behaviors of United States emergency physicians. Lu DW, Courtney DM, Sinsky CA, Wang H, Trockel MT, Dyrbye LN, Carlasare LE, West CP, Shanafelt TD. Acad Emerg Med. 2024 Aug 30. doi: 10.1111/acem.15005. PMID: 39215456
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