Bio

Clinical Focus

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • systemic lupus erythematosus
  • lupus nephritis

Academic Appointments

Honors & Awards

  • site primary investigator for CARRA Registry, Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance
  • ACR/ REF/ LRI Lupus Investigator Fellowship Award, American College of Rheumatology (2004-2007)

Boards, Advisory Committees, Professional Organizations

  • Member, American College of Rheumatology (2003 - Present)
  • Member, Childhood Arthritis and Rheumtology Research Alliance (CARRA) (2004 - Present)
  • Member, Pediatric Rheumatology Care and Outcomes Improvement Network (PR COIN) (2011 - Present)

Professional Education

  • Internship, UCLA Medical Center Pediatric Residency (2000)
  • Residency, UCLA Medical Center Pediatric Residency (2002)
  • Medical Education: Washington University School Of Medicine Registrar (1999) MO
  • Fellowship: Stanford University Pediatric Rheumatology Fellowship (2006) CA
  • Board Certification: American Board of Pediatrics, Pediatrics (2002)
  • Board Certification: American Board of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology (2006)
  • BA, UC Berkeley, Molecular & Cell Biology (1995)
  • MD, Washington University, Medicine (1999)
  • MS, Stanford University, Health Research and Policy (2007)

Community and International Work

  • Arthritis Foundation

    Topic

    juvenile arthritis

    Location

    Bay Area

    Ongoing Project

    Yes

    Opportunities for Student Involvement

    Yes

Contact

  • Marielena Vallejo Patient Services Coordinator
    • Tel: (650) 723-8295
  • Pediatric Rheumatology 730 Welch Rd 2nd Fl Palo Alto, CA 94304
    • Tel: (650) 723-8295
    Fax: (650) 736-4344

Links

Research & Scholarship

Current Research and Scholarly Interests

Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus;

Lupus Nephritis;

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Pediatric Lupus Patients

CARRA Registry

Clinical Trials

  • Observational Study of Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases: The CARRA Registry Recruiting

    Continuation of the CARRA Registry as described in the protocol will support data collection on patients with pediatric-onset rheumatic diseases. The CARRA Registry will form the basis for future CARRA studies. In particular, this observational registry will be used to answer pressing questions about therapeutics used to treat pediatric rheumatic diseases, including safety questions.

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Teaching

2020-21 Courses

Publications

All Publications

  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. The Journal of rheumatology Maller, J., Fox, E., Park, K. T., Paul, S. S., Baszis, K., Borocco, C., Prahalad, S., Quartier, P., Reinhardt, A., Schonenberg-Meinema, D., Shipman, L., Terreri, M. T., Simard, J., Lavi, I., Chalom, E., Hsu, J., Zisman, D., Mellins, E. D. 2020

    Abstract

    The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is higher than in the general pediatric population. However, reports of IBD in the systemic JIA (sJIA) subtype are limited. We sought to characterize sJIA patients diagnosed with IBD and to identify potential contributing risk factors.Using an internationally distributed survey, we identified 16 sJIA patients who were subsequently diagnosed with IBD (sJIA-IBD cohort). 522 sJIA patients without IBD were identified from the CARRA Legacy Registry and served as the sJIA-only cohort for comparison. Differences in demographic, clinical characteristics and therapy were assessed using chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression as appropriate.75% of sJIA-IBD patients had a persistent sJIA course; 25% had a history of MAS. sJIAIBD subjects were older at sJIA diagnosis, more often non-White, had a higher rate of IBD family history, and were more frequently treated with etanercept or canakinumab compared to sJIA-only subjects. 69% of sJIA-IBD patients successfully discontinued sJIA medications following IBD diagnosis, and sJIA symptoms resolved in 9/12 patients treated with TNF-? inhibitors.IBD in the setting of sJIA is a rare occurrence. The favorable response of sJIA symptoms to therapeutic TNF-? inhibition suggests that the sJIA-IBD cohort may represent a mechanistically distinct sJIA subgroup. Our study highlights the importance of maintaining a high level of suspicion for IBD when gastrointestinal involvement occurs in sJIA patients and the likely broad benefit of TNF-? inhibition in those cases.

    View details for DOI 10.3899/jrheum.200230

    View details for PubMedID 32541073

  • Pilot study comparing the childhood arthritis and rheumatology research alliance consensus treatment plans for induction therapy of juvenile proliferative lupus nephritis PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY Cooper, J. C., Rouster-Stevens, K., Wright, T. B., Hsu, J. J., Klein-Gitelman, M. S., Ardoin, S. P., Schanberg, L. E., Brunner, H. I., Eberhard, B., Wagner-Weiner, L., Mehta, J., Haines, K., McCurdy, D. K., Phillips, T. A., Huang, Z., von Scheven, E., CARRA Registry Investigators 2018; 16

    View details for DOI 10.1186/s12969-018-0279-0

    View details for Web of Science ID 000448072400001

  • Adiposity in Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY Samad, A., Stoll, M. L., Lavi, I., Hsu, J. J., Strand, V., Robinson, T. N., Mellins, E. D., Zisman, D., CARRA Legacy Registry In 2018; 45 (3): 411?18

    Abstract

    Adult patients with psoriatic arthritis are at increased risk for obesity and metabolic syndrome, but data regarding adiposity in children with juvenile psoriatic arthritis (JPsA) are limited. Our study assessed adiposity in children with JPsA in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) registry.Patients with JPsA in the CARRA registry were divided into nonoverweight and overweight groups using recommendations from the US Centers for Disease Control, and differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between groups at baseline and after 1-year followup were assessed using chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, T test, or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. The prevalence of overweight status in the JPsA registry patients was compared to rheumatoid factor-positive and -negative polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (RF+polyJIA; RF-polyJIA) registry cohorts and the US pediatric population, using a chi-square goodness-of-fit test.Overweight children represented 36.3% of this JPsA cohort (n = 320). Compared to nonoverweight children, they were significantly older at symptom onset and rheumatologist's first assessment, and scored significantly worse on patient/physician outcome measures. At 1-year followup, changes in body mass index were not associated with changes in clinical features or outcome measures. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with JPsA was significantly higher than in RF+polyJIA patients, RF-polyJIA patients, and the US pediatric population.In this registry, almost 1 in 5 patients with JPsA were obese and more than one-third were overweight. This is significantly more than expected compared to the US pediatric population, and appropriate longterm followup of this JPsA subgroup is warranted.

    View details for PubMedID 29247150

  • Analysis of relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone and cathelicidin with inflammation and cardiovascular risk in subjects with paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: an Atherosclerosis Prevention in Paediatric Lupus Erythematosus (APPLE) study LUPUS SCIENCE & MEDICINE Gupta, V., Tangpricha, V., Yow, E., McComsey, G. A., Schanberg, L., Robinson, A., Dewitt, E., Rabinovich, C., Ellis, J., Wootton, J., Chira, P., Hsu, J., Lee, T., Perea, J., Gottlieb, B., Irigoyen, P., Luftig, J., Siddiqi, S., Ni, Z., Orlando, M., Pagano, E., Eichenfield, A., Levy, D., Kahn, P., Batres, C., Cabral, D., Haines, K. A., Li, S. C., Weiss, J., Riordan, M., Vaidya, B., Mietus-Snyder, M., Ng, L., Ballinger, S., Klausmeier, T., Hinchman, D., Hudgins, A., Henry, S., Zhang, S., Brooks, E. B., Miner, S., Szabo, N., Scalzi, L., Dorfeld, L., Wilson, S., Tress, J., Hernandez, T., Vitale, J., Kress, A., Lowe, N., Patel, F., Hamilton, S., Caldwell, K., Kamen, D., Puplava, B., Lonchev, A., Bacani, M., Rutherford, C., Meyers-Eaton, J., Nelson, S., Grom, A., Conway, T., Frank, L., Kuss, L., Senz, H., Mason, T., Jaquith, J., Paepke-Tollefsrud, D. E., APPLE Investigators 2018; 5 (1): e000255

    Abstract

    Previous studies demonstrated associations between reduced serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), inflammation and disease activity in paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE). The goal of this study was to assess parathyroid hormone (PTH) in its relationship to vitamin D and inflammation, as well as to better understand the role of human cathelicidin (LL-37) in pSLE.Frozen serum samples collected at baseline of the Atherosclerosis Prevention in Paediatric Lupus Erythematosus (APPLE) study were assayed to determine 25OHD, PTH and LL-37 levels. Pearson's correlations and ?2 tests were used to evaluate the relationships between 25OHD, PTH, LL-37, inflammation, disease activity and infection using baseline values collected as part of the APPLE study.201/221 APPLE participants had serum available for analysis. Serum 25OHD was inversely associated with serum PTH, but not LL-37. Serum PTH was not associated with high sensitivity C-reactive protein, carotid intima media thickness or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, but was negatively associated with lipoprotein(a) levels. Despite no association with serum 25OHD, LL-37 was negatively associated with total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol and positively associated with age. There was no significant difference in mean LL-37 levels in participants with reported infection as an adverse event during the 3-year APPLE study.Despite links to vitamin D levels in other studies, LL-37 levels were not associated with baseline serum 25OHD concentrations in paediatric patients with pSLE. Despite the lack of correlation with 25OHD, LL-37 levels in this study were associated with cholesterol levels. Some subjects with pSLE have significantly elevated levels of LL-37 of unknown significance. These exploratory results addressing the role of LL-37 levels in pSLE appear worthy of future study.

    View details for DOI 10.1136/lupus-2017-000255

    View details for Web of Science ID 000495994400008

    View details for PubMedID 29955369

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6018862

  • Resilience and Transition Readiness in Pediatric SLE Patients Lai, J., Nelson, L., Balboni, I., Lee, T., Hsu, J. WILEY. 2017

    View details for Web of Science ID 000411824106499

  • Corticosteroid Regimen Use in the Pilot Study of Consensus Treatment Plans for Induction Therapy in Childhood Proliferative Lupus Nephritis Cooper, J. C., Eberhard, B., Punaro, M., Ardoin, S. P., Brunner, H., Hsu, J., Wagner-Weiner, L., Klein-Gitelman, M., Rouster-Stevens, K. A., Schanberg, L. E., von Scheven, E., CARRA Investigators WILEY. 2017: 141?42

    View details for Web of Science ID 000399787200094

  • The Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis Cohort in the CARRA Registry: Clinical Characteristics, Classification, and Outcomes JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY Zisman, D., Gladman, D. D., Stoll, M. L., Strand, V., Lavi, I., Hsu, J. J., Mellins, E. D. 2017; 44 (3): 342-351

    Abstract

    Children with clinically diagnosed juvenile psoriatic arthritis (JPsA) who were enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) registry (CARRA-JPsA) were classified according to pediatric International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) and adult criteria [Classification criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR)]. Data on demographic and clinical features at baseline and 1-year followup were analyzed and compared.Cross-sectional analysis was performed of CARRA-JPsA patients enrolled between May 2010 and December 2013 and stratified according to age at disease onset (? or > 4 yrs). Features of patients fulfilling ILAR and CASPAR criteria were compared at baseline and followup using chi square, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney-McNemar, Wilcoxon signed rank, and t tests, as appropriate.Among 361 children enrolled as CARRA-JPsA, 72.02% had symptom onset at > 4 years of age, with a male predominance and high prevalence of enthesitis. At followup, statistically significant improvements were reported in arthritis, dactylitis, enthesitis, psoriasis, sacroiliitis, and nail pitting, but not in health questionnaire (HQ) scores. Of the patients, 80.5% fulfilled ILAR criteria for JPsA. Fifty-two patients, whose disease fulfilled CASPAR criteria but had not been included in the JPsA cohort, manifested more enthesitis, sacroiliitis, inflammatory bowel disease and uveitis and less psoriasis.The data support division of patients with JPsA into 2 clinical subgroups, according to age at disease onset. Improvement in objective findings did not correlate with changes in HQ scores. Pediatric rheumatologists currently do not diagnose JPsA in all children whose disease manifestations meet CASPAR criteria. Unification of adult and pediatric PsA classification criteria warrants consideration.

    View details for DOI 10.3899/jrheum.160717

    View details for Web of Science ID 000396031600013

    View details for PubMedID 28148698

  • Enhancing Pediatric Rheumatology Education through Computer-Assisted Fellow-Taught Case Modules Peterson, R., Blankenburg, R., Cidon, M., Hsu, J. WILEY. 2016

    View details for Web of Science ID 000417143401540

  • Discordance Between Physician, Patient, and Parent Disease Assessment Scores in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Fox, E., Hsu, J., Lee, T., Sandborg, C., Simard, J. F. WILEY. 2016

    View details for Web of Science ID 000417143400404

  • A Pilot Study of Consensus Treatment Plans for Induction Therapy in Childhood Proliferative Lupus Nephritis Cooper, J. C., Eberhard, B., Punaro, M., Ardoin, S. P., Brunner, H. I., Hsu, J., Wagner-Weiner, L., Rouster-Stevens, K., Schanberg, L. E., Klein-Gitelman, M., von Scheven, E., CARRA Registry Investigators WILEY. 2016

    View details for Web of Science ID 000417143402211

  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Fox, E., Hsu, J., Chalom, E., Sertial, S., Park, K. T., Simard, J. F., Quartier, P., Terreri, M., Baszis, K., Borocco, C., Prahalad, S., Reinhardt, A., Schonenberg, D., Mellins, E. D., Zisman, D. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015

    View details for Web of Science ID 000370860202722

  • Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis Manifestations in a Cohort of 361 Patients from US and Canada Zisman, D., Stoll, M. L., Gladman, D. D., Strand, V., Lavi, I., Hsu, J., Mellins, E. D., CARRA Registry Investigators WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015

    View details for Web of Science ID 000370860202734

  • Adiposity in Children with Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis (JPsA) Samad, A., Stoll, M. L., Lavi, I., Gupta, K., Hsu, J., Strand, V., Mellins, E. D., Zisman, D., CARRA Registry Investigators WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015

    View details for Web of Science ID 000370860202741

  • Novel Method to Collect Medication Adverse Events in Juvenile Arthritis: Results From the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Enhanced Drug Safety Surveillance Project ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH Ringold, S., Hendrickson, A., Abramson, L., Beukelman, T., Blier, P. R., Bohnsack, J., Chalom, E. C., Gewanter, H. L., Gottlieb, B., Hollister, R., Hsu, J., Hudgins, A., Ilowite, N. T., Klein-Gitelman, M., Lindsley, C., Lopez Benitez, J. M., Lovell, D. J., Mason, T., Milojevic, D., Moorthy, L. N., Nanda, K., Onel, K., Prahalad, S., Rabinovich, C. E., Ray, L., Rouster-Stevens, K., Ruth, N., Shishov, M., Spalding, S., Syed, R., Stoll, M., Vehe, R. K., Weiss, J. E., White, A. J., Wallace, C. A., Sobel, R. E. 2015; 67 (4): 529-537

    Abstract

    Few data are available regarding the rates of serious adverse events (SAEs) and important medical events (IMEs) outside of product-based registries and clinical trials for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The Enhanced Drug Safety Surveillance Project (EDSSP) was developed to pilot a novel system to collect SAEs/IMEs in children with JIA. This analysis reports the results from this 4-year (2008-2012) EDSSP.Participating physicians were surveyed monthly to ascertain whether their JIA patients experienced an SAE or IME. Sites were surveyed every 6 months to determine the number of unique JIA patients seen at each site during that 6-month period. Reporting rates were calculated per 100 person-years and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated based on a Poisson distribution.Thirty-seven Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance sites with 115 physicians participated. The mean response rate to the monthly surveys was 65%. There were 147 total SAEs and 145 total IMEs. The largest proportion of SAEs and IMEs occurred in children with polyarticular JIA (39% and 37%, respectively). The majority of SAEs and IMEs were reported for patients receiving therapy with biologic agents (76% and 69%, respectively). The total event rate for SAEs and IMEs combined was 1.07 events per 100 person-years (95% CI 0.95-1.19). The rates for SAEs and IMEs were 0.54 per 100 person-years (95% CI 0.45-0.63) and 0.53 per 100 person-years (95% CI 0.49-0.62), respectively.The EDSSP provided a simple tool for SAE/IME reporting within an established research network and resulted in a similar range of reported events as captured by a traditional product-based registry.

    View details for DOI 10.1002/acr.22487

    View details for Web of Science ID 000352111800010

    View details for PubMedID 25331530

  • Extension study of participants from the trial of early aggressive therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. journal of rheumatology Wallace, C. A., Ringold, S., Bohnsack, J., Spalding, S. J., Brunner, H. I., Milojevic, D., Schanberg, L. E., Higgins, G. C., O'Neil, K. M., Gottlieb, B. S., Hsu, J., Punaro, M. G., Kimura, Y., Hendrickson, A. 2014; 41 (12): 2459-2465

    Abstract

    To follow children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who had completed at least 6 months of the TRial of Early Aggressive Therapy (TREAT) clinical study for an additional 2 years, describing safety of early aggressive treatment, disease activity, function, and duration of clinical inactive disease (CID) during followup.Children were treated as per provider's discretion. Physician, patient/parent, and laboratory measures of disease status as well as safety information were collected at clinic visits every 3 months for up to 2 years.Forty-eight children were followed for a mean of 28 months (range 12-42) beyond the end of the TREAT study. Half of patients were in CID for > 50% of their followup time. Overall, 88% of patients achieved CID at > 1 study visit and 54% achieved clinical remission while taking medication. Six patients were in CID for the duration of the study, and, of those, 2 achieved a full year of clinical remission while not taking medication. Active disease was mild: mean physician's global assessment 2.4, active joint count 3.5, parent global evaluation 2.4, Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire 0.32, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 19 mm/h, and morning stiffness 23 min. There were no serious adverse events or adverse events reported at grade 3 or higher of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events.Early aggressive therapy in this cohort of patients with polyarticular JIA who had high initial disease activity was associated with prolonged periods of CID in the majority of patients during followup. Those not in CID had low levels of disease activity.

    View details for DOI 10.3899/jrheum.140347

    View details for PubMedID 25179849

  • Consensus Treatment Plans for Induction Therapy in Childhood Proliferative Lupus Nephritis-Status of Use in Daily Clinical Care von Scheven, E., Punaro, M., Ardoin, S. P., Brunner, H., Hsu, J. J., Mehta, J., Wagner-Weiner, L., Klein-Gitelman, M., Stevens, K., Haines, K. A., Schanberg, L., Eberhard, B. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2014: S35?S36

    View details for DOI 10.1002/art.38438

    View details for Web of Science ID 000349950900023

  • Results Of a 24 Month Extension Study In PatientsWhoParticipated In The Trial Of Early Aggressive Therapy In Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Wallace, C. A., Bonsack, J., Spalding, S. J., Brunner, H., O'Neil, K. M., Milojevic, D., Ringold, S., Schanberg, L. E., Higgins, G. C., Gottlieb, B. S., Hsu, J. J., Punaro, M. G., Kimura, Y., Hendrickson, A. F. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2013: S116

    View details for Web of Science ID 000325359201277

  • European ancestry decreases the risk of early onset, severe lupus nephritis in a single center, multiethnic pediatric lupus inception cohort LUPUS Frankovich, J. D., Hsu, J. J., Sandborg, C. I. 2012; 21 (4): 421-429

    Abstract

    To determine whether pediatric SLE patients without European ancestry are at higher risk for development of severe lupus nephritis (ISN/RPS class III, IV or V).Ninety-eight of 101 patients with pediatric SLE (age <18 years at diagnosis) were enrolled. Race/ethnicity of four grandparents, socioeconomic status (SES) and language proficiency were collected. The primary outcome was time to development of severe lupus nephritis.Based on patient report of four grandparent ancestry, 29% had at least one grandparent of European ancestry (14% had all four grandparents of European ancestry). Patients without European ancestry were 46% Hispanic, 47% Asian, and 3% African American. In the entire 98 patient cohort, 12% had ?3 different ancestries. Patients without European ancestry had significantly lower SES levels and English proficiency. There was no significant difference between patients with or without European ancestry in duration of SLE, age of onset, and lag time between symptoms and diagnosis. Patients with at least one grandparent of European ancestry had a decreased risk of developing severe lupus nephritis, which remained significant after controlling for age, gender, SES and English proficiency (hazard ratio 0.4, 95% confidence interval 0.2-0.9).This study demonstrates that presence of at least one grandparent of European ancestry decreases the risk of severe lupus nephritis, a finding that is not explained by measurable socioeconomic differences and language barriers.

    View details for DOI 10.1177/0961203312437805

    View details for PubMedID 22427363

  • Consensus treatment plans for induction therapy of newly diagnosed proliferative lupus nephritis in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH Mina, R., von Scheven, E., Ardoin, S. P., Eberhard, B. A., Punaro, M., Ilowite, N., Hsu, J., Klein-Gitelman, M., Moorthy, L. N., Muscal, E., Radhakrishna, S. M., Wagner-Weiner, L., Adams, M., Blier, P., Buckley, L., Chalom, E., Chedeville, G., Eichenfield, A., Fish, N., Henrickson, M., Hersh, A. O., Hollister, R., Jones, O., Jung, L., Levy, D., Lopez-Benitez, J., McCurdy, D., Miettunen, P. M., Quintero-Del Rio, A. I., Rothman, D., Rullo, O., Ruth, N., Schanberg, L. E., Silverman, E., Singer, N. G., Soep, J., Syed, R., Vogler, L. B., Yalcindag, A., Yildirim-Toruner, C., Wallace, C. A., Brunner, H. I. 2012; 64 (3): 375-383

    Abstract

    To formulate consensus treatment plans (CTPs) for induction therapy of newly diagnosed proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).A structured consensus formation process was employed by the members of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance after considering the existing medical evidence and current treatment approaches.After an initial Delphi survey (response rate = 70%), a 2-day consensus conference, and 2 followup Delphi surveys (response rates = 63-79%), consensus was achieved for a limited set of CTPs addressing the induction therapy of proliferative LN. These CTPs were developed for prototypical patients defined by eligibility characteristics, and included immunosuppressive therapy with either mycophenolic acid orally twice per day, or intravenous cyclophosphamide once per month at standardized dosages for 6 months. Additionally, the CTPs describe 3 options for standardized use of glucocorticoids, including a primarily oral, a mixed oral/intravenous, and a primarily intravenous regimen. There was consensus on measures of effectiveness and safety of the CTPs. The CTPs were well accepted by the pediatric rheumatology providers treating children with LN, and up to 300 children per year in North America are expected to be candidates for the treatment with the CTPs.CTPs for induction therapy of proliferative LN in juvenile SLE based on the available scientific evidence and pediatric rheumatology group experience have been developed. Consistent use of the CTPs may improve the prognosis of proliferative LN, and support the conduct of comparative effectiveness studies aimed at optimizing therapeutic strategies for proliferative LN in juvenile SLE.

    View details for DOI 10.1002/acr.21558

    View details for Web of Science ID 000300831500009

    View details for PubMedID 22162255

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3457803

  • Developing Consensus Treatment Plans for Proliferative Nephritis in Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Maintenance Therapy. Mina, R., Brunner, H., Eberhard, B., Punaro, M. G., Ardoin, S. P., Klein-Gitelman, M., Moorthy, L. N., Radhakrishna, S. M., Lo, M. S., Hollander, M. C., Muscal, E., Hsu, J. J., Wagner-Weiner, L., Levy, D. M., Wallace, C., Ilowite, N. T., von Scheven, E. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2011: S1031

    View details for Web of Science ID 000297621503204

  • Premature Atherosclerosis in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM Schanberg, L. E., Sandborg, C., Barnhart, H. X., Ardoin, S. P., Yow, E., Evans, G. W., Mieszkalski, K. L., Ilowite, N. T., Eberhard, A., Levy, D. M., Kimura, Y., von Scheven, E., Silverman, E., Bowyer, S. L., Punaro, L., Singer, N. G., Sherry, D. D., McCurdy, D., Klein-Gitelman, M., Wallace, C., Silver, R., Wagner-Weiner, L., Higgins, G. C., Brunner, H. I., Jung, L., Soep, J. B., Reed, A. 2009; 60 (5): 1496-1507

    Abstract

    To evaluate risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis in a population of patients with pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).In a prospective multicenter study, a cohort of 221 patients underwent baseline measurements of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) as part of the Atherosclerosis Prevention in Pediatric Lupus Erythematosus (APPLE) trial. SLE disease measures, medications, and traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis were assessed. A standardized protocol was used to assess the thickness of the bilateral common carotid arteries and the mean maximal IMT of 12 segments. Univariable analysis identified potential associations with CIMT, which were examined in multivariable linear regression modeling.Based on the mean-mean common or the mean-max CIMT as the dependent variable, univariable analysis showed significant associations of the following variables with increased CIMT: increasing age, longer SLE duration, minority status, higher body mass index (BMI), male sex, increased creatinine clearance, higher lipoprotein(a) level, proteinuria, azathioprine treatment, and prednisone dose. In multivariable modeling, both azathioprine use (P=0.005 for the mean-mean model and P=0.102 for the mean-max model) and male sex (P<0.001) were associated with increases in the mean-max CIMT. A moderate dosage of prednisone (0.15-0.4 mg/kg/day) was associated with decreases in the mean-max CIMT (P=0.024), while high-dose and low-dose prednisone were associated with increases in the mean-mean common CIMT (P=0.021) and the mean-max CIMT (P=0.064), respectively. BMI (P<0.001) and creatinine clearance (P=0.031) remained associated with increased mean-mean common CIMT, while increasing age (P<0.001) and increasing lipoprotein(a) level (P=0.005) were associated with increased mean-max CIMT.Traditional as well as nontraditional risk factors were associated with increased CIMT in this cohort of patients in the APPLE trial. Azathioprine treatment was associated with increased CIMT. The relationship between CIMT and prednisone dose may not be linear.

    View details for DOI 10.1002/art.24469

    View details for Web of Science ID 000266071700036

    View details for PubMedID 19404953

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2770725

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