John Leikauf

All Publications

• APPLE WATCH PILOT FOR YOUTH WITH ADHD Leikauf, J. E., Bueno, A. N., Correa, C., Sempere, V., Williams, L. M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. 2019: S289?S290

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.08.450

  View details for Web of Science ID 000518857302270

• A Signature of Attention-Elicited Electrocortical Activity Distinguishes Response From Non-Response to the Non-Stimulant Atomoxetine in Children and Adolescents With ADHD JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS Griffiths, K. R., Jurigova, B. G., Leikauf, J. E., Palmer, D., Clarke, S. D., Tsang, T. W., Teber, E. T., Kohn, M. R., Williams, L. M. 2019; 23 (7): 744?53

  View details for DOI 10.1177/1087054717733044

  View details for Web of Science ID 000465015800010

• Paying attention to attention in depression. Translational psychiatry Keller, A. S., Leikauf, J. E., Holt-Gosselin, B., Staveland, B. R., Williams, L. M. 2019; 9 (1): 279

  Abstract

  Attention is the gate through which sensory information enters our conscious experiences. Oftentimes, patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) complain of concentration difficulties that negatively impact their day-to-day function, and these attention problems are not alleviated by current first-line treatments. In spite of attention's influence on many aspects of cognitive and emotional functioning, and the inclusion of concentration difficulties in the diagnostic criteria for MDD, the focus of depression as a disease is typically on mood features, with attentional features considered less of an imperative for investigation. Here, we summarize the breadth and depth of findings from the cognitive neurosciences regarding the neural mechanisms supporting goal-directed attention in order to better understand how these might go awry in depression. First, we characterize behavioral impairments in selective, sustained, and divided attention in depressed individuals. We then discuss interactions between goal-directed attention and other aspects of cognition (cognitive control, perception, and decision-making) and emotional functioning (negative biases, internally-focused attention, and interactions of mood and attention). We then review evidence for neurobiological mechanisms supporting attention, including the organization of large-scale neural networks and electrophysiological synchrony. Finally, we discuss the failure of current first-line treatments to alleviate attention impairments in MDD and review evidence for more targeted pharmacological, brain stimulation, and behavioral interventions. By synthesizing findings across disciplines and delineating avenues for future research, we aim to provide a clearer outline of how attention impairments may arise in the context of MDD and how, mechanistically, they may negatively impact daily functioning across various domains.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41398-019-0616-1

  View details for PubMedID 31699968

• Response inhibition and emotional cognition improved by atomoxetine in children and adolescents with ADHD: The ACTION randomized controlled trial JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH Griffiths, K. R., Leikauf, J. E., Tsang, T. W., Clarke, S., Hermens, D. F., Efron, D., Williams, L. M., Kohn, M. R. 2018; 102: 57?64

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.03.009

  View details for Web of Science ID 000438660500010

• Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, Internalizing Symptoms, and Executive Function in Adults With ADHD JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS Leikauf, J. E., Solanto, M. V. 2017; 21 (8): 701-711

  Abstract

  We sought to characterize relationships between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and both internalizing symptoms and executive functioning in adults with ADHD.A total of 102 adults with ADHD completed clinical interviews and clinical rating scales. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to ascertain the independent predictive power of SCT symptoms for deficits in executive function (EF) after considering severity of ADHD inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms and internalizing symptoms.SCT correlated with ADHD inattentive symptoms and dimensional measures of depression and anxiety but not with clinical diagnosis of depression or anxiety. SCT predicted EF deficits over and above the effects of internalizing and ADHD symptoms. This relationship between SCT and EF was limited to the subset of participants ( n = 48) receiving stimulant treatment.SCT in adults with ADHD is associated with internalizing symptoms, ADHD inattentive symptoms, and, independently, with EF deficits. Further research is needed to ascertain why this relationship occurred primarily in adults concurrently receiving stimulants.

  View details for DOI 10.1177/1087054716682337

  View details for Web of Science ID 000400911100010

• The Need for Infant Mental Health Training for All Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists. Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry Benham, A. L., Leikauf, J. E., Romanowicz, M. 2017

  View details for PubMedID 28842856

• Identification of biotypes in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, a report from a randomized, controlled trial Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry Leikauf, J. E., Griffiths, K. R., Saggar, M., Hong, D. S., Clarke, S., Efron, D., Tsang, T. W., Hermens, D. F., Michael, K. R., M Leanne 2017; 3: 8-17
• Patient-Clinician Agreement on Treatment Type and Helpfulness: Results From a WTC Rescue and Recovery Worker Cohort PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES Leikauf, J., Schechter, C. B., Marrone, K., Ozbay, F., Rapoport, A., Sharma, V., Katz, C. L. 2013; 64 (11): 1173-1176

  Abstract

  This study assessed patient and clinician agreement about treatment type and its association with treatment helpfulness among World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers.A total of 187 outpatients and 280 clinicians completed a survey, which gathered information on patient characteristics, treatment types, and treatment helpfulness. Kappa statistics and sensitivity and specificity analyses were used, and the association between patient-clinician agreement and reported treatment benefit was determined.Patient-clinician agreement was highest for group therapy, medication management, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and couples therapy. Agreement about medication management, individual psychotherapy, and workers' compensation evaluation was associated with higher reported treatment benefits.Findings support the hypothesis that agreement regarding treatment type is associated with higher reported benefit and extend findings of previous studies to a linguistically diverse, naturalistic sample exposed to a disaster trauma. Results also highlight the need for better understanding of eclectic therapies offered in real-world clinical practice.

  View details for DOI 10.1176/appi.ps.201200402

  View details for Web of Science ID 000327303800017

  View details for PubMedID 24185541

• Comparisons of Self-Reported and Chart-Identified Chronic Diseases in Inner-City Seniors JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY Leikauf, J., Federman, A. D. 2009; 57 (7): 1219-1225

  Abstract

  To examine agreement between self-report of chronic disease and medical record data for inner-city seniors, their sensitivity and specificity, and the association between patient characteristics and accuracy of self-reports.Cross-sectional analysis.Two hospital-based primary care practices serving a low-income inner-city population.Adults aged 65 and older (n=323).Data on self-reported asthma, depression, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were collected through interviewer-administered surveys (in English and Spanish) and chart abstraction. Chart-based disease was defined in two ways: physician documentation and physician documentation plus use of a medication to treat that condition. Sensitivity, specificity, and agreement were calculated. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were used to determine the associations between patient characteristics and patient-chart agreement.Agreement between self-report and chart data was high for diabetes mellitus (kappa=0.94) intermediate for asthma (kappa=0.66), and hypertension (kappa=0.54) and low for depression (kappa=0.4). Sensitivity and specificity were high for diabetes mellitus (0.99 and 0.96, respectively) and low for depression (0.74 and 0.72, respectively). Specificity for hypertension was lowest (0.67). Age, education, health literacy, and other patient characteristics did not have clear associations across conditions.Self-reports may be most reliable for diabetes mellitus and least reliable for depression for surveys involving older, inner-city adults. Survey research with older adults should include confirmatory data when assessing presence of depression, hypertension, and asthma.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02313.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000267539800011

  View details for PubMedID 19486197

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2768322