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Bio

Bio

Bryan Bohman is Chief Medical Officer for University HealthCare Alliance (UHA), Stanford?s community-based medical foundation. He also serves as Associate Chief Medical Officer at Stanford Health Care (SHC). At the School of Medicine, his roles include Associate Dean for Stanford Medicine Partners, Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Co-Director of the Clinical Effectiveness Leadership Training (CELT) program and Senior Advisor to the WellMD Center.

Dr. Bohman trained at Stanford in internal medicine and anesthesiology. After two decades of clinical practice in community-based anesthesiology, he served as SHC Chief of Staff from 2008-2011.

As Chief of Staff, Dr. Bohman founded Stanford?s wellness committee and subsequently shepherded the founding of its WellMD Center in 2015, serving as the Center?s interim Director until 2017. The Center?s aim is to advance faculty, trainee and care team wellbeing across Stanford Medicine while also serving as an international leader of scholarship in a field that is increasingly vital to the future of medicine.

Dr. Bohman?s primary areas of interest include population health management and the relationships between clinician wellness, quality improvement and healthcare system performance.

Clinical Focus

  • Anesthesia

Academic Appointments

Administrative Appointments

  • Associate Dean, Stanford School of Medicine (2018 - Present)
  • Chief Medical Officer, University Healthcare Alliance (2014 - Present)
  • Associate Chief Medical Officer, Stanford Health Care (2011 - Present)
  • Co-Director, Clinical Effectiveness Leadership Program (CELT) (2014 - Present)
  • Senior Advisor, WellMD Center (2017 - Present)
  • Interim Director, WellMD Center (2015 - 2017)
  • Affiliate, Freeman Spogli Institute (2014 - Present)
  • Chief of Staff, Stanford Health Care (2008 - 2011)
  • Board Member, Stanford Health Care Board of Directors (2008 - 2011)

Professional Education

  • Residency: Stanford University Anesthesiology Residency (1986) CA
  • Residency: Stanford University Internal Medicine Residency (1984) CA
  • Internship: Stanford University Internal Medicine Residency (1982) CA
  • Medical Education: Pritzker School of Medicine University of Chicago Registrar (1981) IL
  • Board Certification: American Board of Anesthesiology, Anesthesia (1988)
  • Board Certification: American Board of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine (1984)

Contact

  • Stanford University Dept of Anesthesia 300 Pasteur Dr MC 5640 Stanford, CA 94305
    • Tel: (650) 723-6415
    Fax: (650) 725-0009
  • Associated Anesthesiologists Medical Group PC 2237 Alma St Palo Alto, CA 94301
    • Tel: (650) 323-0617
    Fax: (650) 323-4229

Links

Teaching

2020-21 Courses

Publications

All Publications

  • Association of Burnout, Professional Fulfillment, and Self-care Practices of Physician Leaders With Their Independently Rated Leadership Effectiveness. JAMA network open Shanafelt, T. D., Makowski, M. S., Wang, H., Bohman, B., Leonard, M., Harrington, R. A., Minor, L., Trockel, M. 2020; 3 (6): e207961

    Abstract

    Although leadership behavior of physician supervisors is associated with the occupational well-being of the physicians they supervise, the factors associated with leadership behaviors are poorly understood.To evaluate the associations between burnout, professional fulfillment, and self-care practices of physician leaders and their independently assessed leadership behavior scores.This survey study of physicians and physician leaders at Stanford University School of Medicine (n?=?1924) was conducted from April 1 to May 13, 2019. The survey included assessments of professional fulfillment, self-valuation, sleep-related impairment, and burnout. Physicians also rated the leadership behaviors of their immediate physician supervisors using a standardized assessment. Leaders' personal well-being metrics were paired with their leadership behavior scores as rated by the physicians they supervised. All assessment scores were converted to a standardized scale (range, 0-10). Data were analyzed from October 20, 2019, to March 10, 2020.Association between leaders' own well-being scores and their independently assessed leadership behavior.Of 1924 physicians invited to participate, 1285 (66.8%) returned surveys, including 67 of 117 physician leaders (57.3%). Among these respondents, 651 (50.7%) were women and 729 (56.7%) were 40 years or older. Among the 67 leaders, 57 (85.1%) had their leadership behaviors evaluated by at least 5 physicians (median,?11 [interquartile range, 9-15]) they supervised. Overall, 9.8% of the variation in leaders' aggregate leadership behavior scores was associated with their own degree of burnout. In models adjusted for age and sex, each 1-point increase in burnout score of the leaders was associated with a 0.19-point decrement in leadership behavior score (??=?-0.19; 95% CI, -0.35 to -0.03; P?=?.02), whereas each 1-point increase in their professional fulfillment and self-valuation scores was associated with a 0.13-point (??=?0.13; 95% CI, 0.01-0.26; P?=?.03) and 0.15-point (??=?0.15; 95% CI, 0.02-0.29; P?=?.03) increase in leadership behavior score, respectively. Each 1-point increase in leaders' sleep-related impairment was associated with a 0.15-point increment in sleep-related impairment among those they supervised (??=?0.15; 95% CI, 0.02-0.29; P?=?.03). The associations between leaders' well-being scores in other dimensions and the corresponding well-being measures of those they supervised were not significant.In this survey study, burnout, professional fulfillment, and self-care practices of physician leaders were associated with their independently assessed leadership effectiveness. Training, skill building, and support to improve leader well-being should be considered a dimension of leadership development rather than simply a dimension of self-care.

    View details for DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7961

    View details for PubMedID 32543700

  • Self-valuation: Attending to the Most Important Instrument in the Practice of Medicine. Mayo Clinic proceedings Trockel, M. T., Hamidi, M. S., Menon, N. K., Rowe, S. G., Dudley, J. C., Stewart, M. T., Geisler, C. Z., Bohman, B. D., Shanafelt, T. D. 2019

    Abstract

    OBJECTIVE: To measure self-valuation, involving constructive prioritization of personal well-being and a growth mindset perspective that seeks to learn and improve as the primary response to errors, in physicians and evaluate its relationship with burnout and sleep-related impairment.METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional survey data collected between July 1, 2016, and October 31, 2017, from 5 academic medical centers in the United States. All faculty and medical-staff physicians at participating organizations were invited to participate. The self-valuation scale included 4 items measured on a 5-point (0-4) Likert scale (summative score range, 0-16). The self-valuation scale was developed and pilot tested in a sample of 250 physicians before inclusion in the multisite wellness survey, which also included validated measures of burnout and sleep-related impairment.RESULTS: Of the 6189 physicians invited to participate, 3899 responded (response rate, 63.0%). Each 1-point score increase in self-valuation was associated with-1.10 point lower burnout score (95% CI,-1.16 to-1.05; standardized beta=-0.53; P<.001) and 0.81 point lower sleep-related impairment score (95% CI,-0.85 to-0.76; standardized beta=-0.47; P<.001), adjusting for sex and medical specialty. Women had lower self-valuation (Cohen d=0.30) and higher burnout (Cohen d=0.22) than men. Lower self-valuation scores in women accounted for most of the sex difference in burnout.CONCLUSION: Low self-valuation among physicians is associated with burnout and sleep-related impairment. Further research is warranted to develop and test interventions that increase self-valuation as a mechanism to improve physician well-being.

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.04.040

    View details for PubMedID 31543254

  • Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Sleep-Related Impairment in a Cohort of Community Physicians: A Cross-sectional Study AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE Hamidi, M. S., Shanafelt, T. D., Hausel, A., Bohman, B. D., Roberts, R., Trockel, M. T. 2019

    View details for DOI 10.1177/1559827619871923

    View details for Web of Science ID 000487182900002

  • Estimating institutional physician turnover attributable to self-reported burnout and associated financial burden: a case study. BMC health services research Hamidi, M. S., Bohman, B., Sandborg, C., Smith-Coggins, R., de Vries, P., Albert, M. S., Murphy, M. L., Welle, D., Trockel, M. T. 2018; 18 (1): 851

    Abstract

    BACKGROUND: Awareness of the economic cost of physician attrition due to burnout in academic medical centers may help motivate organizational level efforts to improve physician wellbeing and reduce turnover. Our objectives are: 1) to use a recent longitudinal data as a case example to examine the associations between physician self-reported burnout, intent to leave (ITL) and actual turnover within two years, and 2) to estimate the cost of physician turnover attributable to burnout.METHODS: We used de-identified data from 472 physicians who completed a quality improvement survey conducted in 2013 at two Stanford University affiliated hospitals to assess physician wellness. To maintain the confidentially of survey responders, potentially identifiable demographic variables were not used in this analysis. A third party custodian of the data compiled turnover data in 2015 using medical staff roster. We used logistic regression to adjust for potentially confounding factors.RESULTS: At baseline, 26% of physicians reported experiencing burnout and 28% reported ITL within the next 2years. Two years later, 13% of surveyed physicians had actually left. Those who reported ITL were more than three times as likely to have left. Physicians who reported experiencing burnout were more than twice as likely to have left the institution within the two-year period (Relative Risk (RR)=2.1; 95% CI=1.3-3.3). After adjusting for surgical specialty, work hour categories, sleep-related impairment, anxiety, and depression in a logistic regression model, physicians who experienced burnout in 2013 had 168% higher odds (Odds Ratio=2.68, 95% CI: 1.34-5.38) of leaving Stanford by 2015 compared to those who did not experience burnout. The estimated two-year recruitment cost incurred due to departure attributable to burnout was between $15,544,000 and $55,506,000. Risk of ITL attributable to burnout was 3.7 times risk of actual turnover attributable to burnout.CONCLUSIONS: Institutions interested in the economic cost of turnover attributable to burnout can readily calculate this parameter using survey data linked to a subsequent indicator of departure from the institution. ITL data in cross-sectional studies can also be used with an adjustment factor to correct for overestimation of risk of intent to leave attributable to burnout.

    View details for PubMedID 30477483

  • Building a Program on Well-Being: Key Design Considerations to Meet the Unique Needs of Each Organization. Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges Shanafelt, T., Trockel, M., Ripp, J., Murphy, M. L., Sandborg, C., Bohman, B. 2018

    Abstract

    The current health care practice environment has resulted in a crescendo of burnout among physicians, nurses, and advanced practice providers. Burnout among health care professionals is primarily caused by organizational factors rather than problems with personal resilience. Four major drivers motivate health care leaders to build well-being programs: the moral-ethical case (caring for their people), the business case (cost of turnover and lower quality), the tragic case (a physician suicide), and the regulatory case (accreditation requirements). Ultimately, health care provider burnout harms patients. The authors discuss the purpose; scope; structure and resources; metrics of success; and a framework for action for organizational well-being programs. The purpose such a program is to oversee organizational efforts to reduce the occupational risk for burnout, cultivate professional well-being among health care professionals and, in turn, optimize the function of health care systems. The program should measure, benchmark, and longitudinally assess these domains. The successful program will develop deep expertise regarding the drivers of professional fulfillment among health care professionals; an approach to evaluate system flaws and relevant dimensions of organizational culture; and knowledge and experience with specific tactics to foster improvement. Different professional disciplines have both shared challenges and unique needs. Effective programs acknowledge and address these differences rather than ignore them. Ultimately, a professional workforce with low burnout and high professional fulfillment is vital to providing the best care to patients. Vanguard institutions have embraced this understanding and are pursuing health care provider well-being as a core organizational strategy.

    View details for PubMedID 30134268

  • What Do We Mean by Physician Wellness? A Systematic Review of Its Definition and Measurement ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY Brady, K. S., Trockel, M. T., Khan, C. T., Raj, K. S., Murphy, M., Bohman, B., Frank, E., Louie, A. K., Roberts, L. 2018; 42 (1): 94?108

    Abstract

    Physician wellness (well-being) is recognized for its intrinsic importance and impact on patient care, but it is a construct that lacks conceptual clarity. The authors conducted a systematic review to characterize the conceptualization of physician wellness in the literature by synthesizing definitions and measures used to operationalize the construct.A total of 3057 references identified from PubMed, Web of Science, and a manual reference check were reviewed for studies that quantitatively assessed the "wellness" or "well-being" of physicians. Definitions of physician wellness were thematically synthesized. Measures of physician wellness were classified based on their dimensional, contextual, and valence attributes, and changes in the operationalization of physician wellness were assessed over time (1989-2015).Only 14% of included papers (11/78) explicitly defined physician wellness. At least one measure of mental, social, physical, and integrated well-being was present in 89, 50, 49, and 37% of papers, respectively. The number of papers operationalizing physician wellness using integrated, general-life well-being measures (e.g., meaning in life) increased [X 2 = 5.08, p = 0.02] over time. Changes in measurement across mental, physical, and social domains remained stable over time.Conceptualizations of physician wellness varied widely, with greatest emphasis on negative moods/emotions (e.g., burnout). Clarity and consensus regarding the conceptual definition of physician wellness is needed to advance the development of valid and reliable physician wellness measures, improve the consistency by which the construct is operationalized, and increase comparability of findings across studies. To guide future physician wellness assessments and interventions, the authors propose a holistic definition.

    View details for PubMedID 28913621

  • Novel Metrics for Improving Professional Fulfillment. Annals of internal medicine DiAngi, Y. T., Lee, T. C., Sinsky, C. A., Bohman, B. D., Sharp, C. D. 2017; 167 (10): 740?41

    View details for PubMedID 29052698

  • A Brief Instrument to Assess Both Burnout and Professional Fulfillment in Physicians: Reliability and Validity, Including Correlation with Self-Reported Medical Errors, in a Sample of Resident and Practicing Physicians. Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry Trockel, M., Bohman, B., Lesure, E., Hamidi, M. S., Welle, D., Roberts, L., Shanafelt, T. 2017

    Abstract

    The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI), a 16-item instrument to assess physicians' professional fulfillment and burnout, designed for sensitivity to change attributable to interventions or other factors affecting physician well-being.A sample of 250 physicians completed the PFI, a measure of self-reported medical errors, and previously validated measures including the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), a one-item burnout measure, the World Health Organization's abbreviated quality of life assessment (WHOQOL-BREF), and PROMIS short-form depression, anxiety, and sleep-related impairment scales. Between 2 and 3 weeks later, 227 (91%) repeated the PFI and the sleep-related impairment scale.Principal components analysis justified PFI subscales for professional fulfillment, work exhaustion, and interpersonal disengagement. Test-retest reliability estimates were 0.82 for professional fulfillment (? = 0.91), 0.80 for work exhaustion (? = 0.86), 0.71 for interpersonal disengagement (? = 0.92), and 0.80 for overall burnout (? = 0.92). PFI burnout measures correlated highly (r ? 0.50) with their closest related MBI equivalents. Cohen's d effect size differences in self-reported medical errors for high versus low burnout classified using the PFI and the MBI were 0.55 and 0.44, respectively. PFI scales correlated in expected directions with sleep-related impairment, depression, anxiety, and WHOQOL-BREF scores. PFI scales demonstrated sufficient sensitivity to detect expected effects of a two-point (range 8-40) change in sleep-related impairment.PFI scales have good performance characteristics including sensitivity to change and offer a novel contribution by assessing professional fulfillment in addition to burnout.

    View details for PubMedID 29196982

  • PREOPERATIVE EVALUATIONS WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE BOHMAN, B. 1985; 142 (1): 102?3

    View details for Web of Science ID A1985AKL4700039

    View details for PubMedID 18749668

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC1305963

  • A PATIENT WITH POLYURIA AND HYPONATREMIA KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL Jamison, R. L., Bohman, B., Marshall, W. H., Berns, A., Coe, F., Donohoe, J., Glynn, J., Muldowney, F., Vinay, P., Bushinsky, D., McCoy, C. E., Madias, N. E., Harrington, J. T., Cohen, J. J. 1983; 24 (2): 256-267

    View details for Web of Science ID A1983RF32200016

    View details for PubMedID 6632525

  • CENTRAL CHOLINERGIC EFFECTS OF TRICYCLIC ANTI-DEPRESSANTS IN MOUSE ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHARMACODYNAMIE ET DE THERAPIE BOHMAN, B. D., KARBOWSKI, M. J., HALARIS, A. E. 1982; 255 (1): 68?80

    Abstract

    The apparent rate of acetylcholine (ACh) turnover and levels of ACh and choline (Ch) in whole mouse brain were examined 30 min following i.p. injection of 25 mg/kg of three tricyclic antidepressants (TAD's): amitriptyline, chlorimipramine, and imipramine. The effects of these agents on high affinity choline uptake (HACU), a rate-limiting, regulatory step in ACh synthesis, were also examined. All three TAD's inhibited ACh turnover (by 27-40%), increased Ch levels (by 33-37%), and inhibited HACU (IC50's from 1.7 - 6.8 X 10(-5) M). Two of the three drugs produced significant decreases in ACh levels. It is concluded that these agents possess anticholinergic activity which is independent of their previously demonstrated muscarinic receptor blocking capabilities. As substantial evidence has accumulated linking increased cholinergic function with depression, it is speculated that this additional anticholinergic activity may contribute to the clinical efficacy of the TAD's.

    View details for Web of Science ID A1982NE53200007

    View details for PubMedID 7073400

  • Effects of tricyclic antidepressants on muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding in rat brain Life Sciences Bohman, B., Halaris, A., Karbowski, M. 1981; 29: 29

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