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Bio

Bio

Jennifer K. Chen, M.D., is a Clinical Associate Professor of Dermatology. She co-directs the medical student sub-internship program. She completed medical school at Johns Hopkins University, residency at Johns Hopkins and University of California, Irvine, and completed a Howard Hughes Fellowship at Stanford University. Her clinical interests include contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, complex medical dermatology, skin cancer, and inpatient dermatology. She has served on the Board of Directors for the American Contact Dermatitis Society and as an invited member of the Contact Dermatitis Committee for the World Allergy Organization.

Clinical Focus

  • Dermatology
  • Contact Dermatitis
  • Psoriasis
  • Skin Cancers
  • Atopic Dermatitis
  • Eczema
  • Inpatient Dermatology

Academic Appointments

Administrative Appointments

  • Co-Lead, RITE Project:Utilizing Virtual Health to Drive Access, Stanford Hospital and Clinics (2019 - Present)
  • Director of Contact and Eczematous Dermatoses, Stanford Hospital and Clinics (2019 - Present)
  • Assistant Chief of Medical Dermatology, Stanford Hospital and Clinics (2018 - Present)
  • Director, Training Leaders Task Force, Department of Dermatology, Stanford Hospital and Clinics (2015 - Present)
  • Assistant Director of Clinical Operations, Network Development, and Outreach, Department of Dermatology, Stanford Hospital and Clinics (2015 - 2018)
  • Co-Director, Medical Student Sub-internship, Department of Dermatology, Stanford Hospital and Clinics (2014 - Present)

Honors & Awards

  • Sulzberger Award Seed Grant, American Academy of Dermatology (2020-2022)
  • Editorial Mentorship Program,, JAAD (2020-2021)
  • American Contact Dermatitis Society Outcomes Research Award, American Contact Dermatitis Society (2019-2021)
  • Department of Dermatology Letter of Teaching Distinction, Stanford School of Medicine (2019-2020)
  • American Academy of Dermatology Leadership Forum, American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
  • American Contact Dermatitis Society Mentorship Award, American Contact Dermatitis Society (2015)
  • Women?s Dermatologic Society Mentorship Award, Women?s Dermatologic Societ (2014)
  • Resident Teaching Award, Stanford School of Medicine (2013)
  • Chief of Resident Education, Stanford University School of Medicine (2012-2013)
  • Skin of Color Seminar Series Resident Scholarship, Skin of Color (2012)
  • American College of Phlebology Physician-in-Training Scholarship, American College of Phlebology (2011)
  • Alpha Omega Alpha, Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society (2009)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Training Fellowship, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (2008-2009)
  • American Roentgen Ray Society Certificate of Merit Award, American Roentgen Ray Society (2007)
  • AOA Carolyn L. Kuckein Student Research Fellowship, Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society (2006)
  • Johns Hopkins Alumni Association Student Services Grant, Johns Hopkins Alumni Association (2006)
  • Dean?s Fund, Stanford University School of Medicine (2005)
  • Editor?s Choice Award/ Semifinalist, International Poetry Association Award Contest, International Poetry Association (2003)
  • Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Beta Kappa (2003)
  • Yuan T. Lee Scholarship, Stanford University School of Medicine (2003)
  • Golden Key Honor Society, Golden Key Honor Society (2002)
  • UC Berkeley Alumni Association Emerging Leader Scholarship, UC Berkeley Alumni Association (2002)

Boards, Advisory Committees, Professional Organizations

  • Member, Contact Allergen Management Program Committee, American Contact Dermatitis Society (2020 - Present)
  • Member, Contact Allergen of the Year Committee, American Contact Dermatitis Society (2020 - Present)
  • Member, Dermatologic Society of Orange County (2020 - 2013)
  • Chair, Education Committee, 2019-2022, American Contact Dermatitis Society (2019 - Present)
  • Chair, Website Committee, American Contact Dermatitis Society (2019 - 2020)
  • Member, Nominating Committee, American Contact Dermatitis Society (2019 - 2020)
  • Member, Contact Dermatitis Committee, World Allergy Organization (2018 - Present)
  • Co-Chair, Global Assessment Task Force, American Contact Dermatitis Society Committees (2018 - 2019)
  • Member, Education Committee, American Contact Dermatitis Society (2017 - Present)
  • Board of Directors, American Contact Dermatitis Society (2017 - 2020)
  • Chair, Bylaws Committee, American Contact Dermatitis Society (2017 - 2019)
  • Member, Interactive Media Committee, American Contact Dermatitis Society (2015 - 2019)
  • Member, Society of Dermatology Hospitalists (2014 - Present)
  • Member, American Medical Association (2013 - Present)
  • Member, San Francisco Dermatologic Society (2013 - Present)
  • Member, American Contact Dermatitis Society (2013 - Present)
  • Member, Medical Dermatology Society (2011 - 2015)
  • Member, Pacific Dermatologic Association (2011 - 2013)
  • Member, American Academy of Dermatology (2010 - Present)
  • Member, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery (2010 - 2013)
  • Member, Los Angeles Metro Dermatologic Society (2010 - 2013)

Professional Education

  • Internship: Johns Hopkins Bayview Hospital Internal Medicine Residency (2010) MD
  • Board Certification: American Board of Dermatology, Dermatology (2013)
  • Undergraduate Degree, University of California, Berkeley, CA (2003)
  • Medical Education: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2009) MD
  • Fellowship, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Fellowship, Stanford University School of Medicine, Dermatology (2009)
  • Residency: University of California Irvine (2013) CA
  • Board Certification, Dermatology, American Board of Dermatology (2013)

Contact

  • Averley Mayo
  • Dermatology North Campus 450 Broadway St Pavilion C 2nd Fl MC 5334 Redwood City, CA 94063
    • Tel: (650) 723-6316
    Fax: (650) 721-3464

Links

Publications

All Publications

  • An ulcerated violaceous nodule on the thigh. JAAD case reports Hirotsu, K. E., Kumar, A. M., Rieger, K. E., Chen, J. K. 2021; 9: 61?63

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.01.011

    View details for PubMedID 33665278

  • Bridging to a selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitor in severe atopic dermatitis: An instructive case with upadacitinib. JAAD case reports Nguyen, J., Chen, J. K., Honari, G., Pol-Rodriguez, M., Ko, J. M., Chiou, A. S. 2021; 7: 65?67

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.10.023

    View details for PubMedID 33354610

  • Photopatch Testing Among Members of the American Contact Dermatitis Society. Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug Kim, T., Taylor, J. S., Maibach, H. I., Chen, J. K., Honari, G. 2020

    Abstract

    BACKGROUND: Photopatch testing is an important diagnostic tool in evaluating patients with suspected photoallergic contact dermatitis. Although protocols for photopatch testing have been described, there are no consensus recommendations by the American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS).OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to examine the common practices of photopatch testing among ACDS members and to review and compare commonly used photoallergen series.METHODS: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey among ACDS members via e-mail to inquire about their photopatch test methods. We compared the results with the European consensus methodology and reviewed photoallergen series reported by the respondents.RESULTS: Of the 791 members contacted, 112 members (14%) responded to the survey. Among these, 50 respondents (45%) perform photopatch testing, approximately half of whom (48%) determine minimal erythema dose before the test using UVA with or without UVB irradiation. Respondents use a total of 13 photoallergen series, alone or in any combination, as well as customized series.CONCLUSIONS: These results have potential to aid clinicians in identifying photoallergen series best suited for their patients and suggest a need for consensus recommendations by the ACDS.

    View details for DOI 10.1097/DER.0000000000000535

    View details for PubMedID 31905187

  • Dupilumab Treatment of Nummular Dermatitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology Choi, S. n., Zhu, G. A., Lewis, M. A., Honari, G. n., Chiou, A. S., Ko, J. n., Chen, J. K. 2020

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.12.054

    View details for PubMedID 31923445

  • Facial Personal Protective Equipment: Materials, Resterilization Methods, and Management of Occupation-Related Dermatoses. Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug Yu, J. n., Goldminz, A. n., Chisolm, S. n., Jacob, S. E., Zippin, J. H., Wu, P. A., Hylwa, S. n., Dunnick, C. A., Chen, J. K., Reeder, M. n., Honari, G. n., Atwater, A. R. 2020

    Abstract

    The coronavirus infectious disease 2019 pandemic has resulted in health care workers donning personal protective equipment (PPE) for extended periods.The aims of the study were to review facial PPE (surgical masks and N95 respirators) ingredients, to identify facial PPE resterilization techniques, and to recommend strategies for prevention and management of facial PPE-related dermatoses.Twenty-one facial PPE (11 N95 respirators, 10 surgical masks) were reviewed. Resterilization techniques were identified. Personal protective equipment-induced occupational dermatoses and management strategies were explored.Polypropylene is the most common chemical identified in facial PPE. Most masks contain aluminum at the nosepiece. Two surgical masks released nickel. Facial PPE dermatoses include irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, acne, and contact urticaria. Strategies for prevention and management of facial PPE occupational dermatoses are discussed.There are increasing reports of occupational dermatoses associated with facial PPE. This review discusses the components of facial PPE, mask resterilization methods, and strategies for prevention and management of facial PPE dermatoses.

    View details for DOI 10.1097/DER.0000000000000699

    View details for PubMedID 33273243

  • Occupational Dermatitis to Facial Personal Protective Equipment in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology Yu, J. n., Chen, J. K., Mowad, C. M., Reeder, M. n., Hylwa, S. n., Chisolm, S. n., Dunnick, C. A., Goldminz, A. M., Jacob, S. E., Wu, P. A., Zippin, J. n., Atwater, A. R. 2020

    Abstract

    Prolonged wear of facial protective equipment can lead to occupational dermatoses.To identify important causes of occupational dermatoses from facial protective equipment.A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was performed using PubMed and Embase databases. Articles were included if they reported occupational dermatoses caused by surgical/procedure masks and/or N95 respirators.344 articles were identified; 16 were suitable for inclusion in this review. Selected articles focused on facial occupational dermatoses in healthcare workers. Allergic contact dermatitis was reported to the elastic straps, glue, and formaldehyde released from the mask fabric. Irritant contact dermatitis was common on the cheeks and nasal bridge due to pressure and friction. Irritant dermatitis was associated with personal history of atopic dermatitis and prolonged mask wear (greater than 6 hours). Acneiform eruption was reported due to prolonged wear and occlusion. Contact urticaria was rare.Only publications listed in PubMed or Embase were included. Most publications were case reports and retrospective studies.This systematic review from members of the American Contact Dermatitis Society highlights cases of occupational dermatitis to facial protective equipment including potential offending allergens. This work may help in the diagnosis and treatment of healthcare workers with facial occupational dermatitis.

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.09.074

    View details for PubMedID 33011325

  • Eczema, Targeted Therapeutics, and Allergy Diagnostics: The Need for Greater Clarity on What We Are Treating. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV Chen, J. K., Honari, G. n., Silverberg, J. I. 2020

    Abstract

    Until recently, step-up therapy in atopic dermatitis (AD) included primarily off-label use of phototherapy, systemic immunosuppressants and/or corticosteroids. These broadly impact the immune system and show efficacy across a gamut of inflammatory skin diseases, albeit with potential serious adverse-events. Recently, dupilumab was approved as the first biologic agent in AD and demonstrated better efficacy and safety than prior off-label therapies.

    View details for DOI 10.1111/jdv.16445

    View details for PubMedID 32277506

  • Dupilumab for occupational irritant hand dermatitis in a nonatopic individual: A case report. JAAD case reports Zhu, G. A., Honari, G. n., Ko, J. M., Chiou, A. S., Chen, J. K. 2020; 6 (4): 296?98

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.02.010

    View details for PubMedID 32258302

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC7109358

  • Inflammatory alopecia in patients on dupilumab: a retrospective cohort study at an academic institution. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV Zhu, G. A., Kang, K. J., Chen, J. K., Novoa, R. A., Brown, R. A., Chiou, A. S., Ko, J. M., Honari, G. 2019

    Abstract

    Dupilumab targets IL-4Ralpha and is used for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Prior reports have described new alopecia areata (AA),1 flaring of prior AA,2 as well as improvement or resolution of AA3 in patients treated with dupilumab. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to describe the natural history of prior or new inflammatory alopecia in patients on dupilumab.

    View details for DOI 10.1111/jdv.16094

    View details for PubMedID 31737955

  • Assessment of the Development of New Regional Dermatoses in Patients Treated for Atopic Dermatitis With Dupilumab JAMA DERMATOLOGY Zhu, G., Chen, J. K., Chiou, A., Ko, J., Honari, G. 2019; 155 (7): 850?52

    View details for DOI 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.0109

    View details for Web of Science ID 000482127300017

  • Repeat patch testing in a patient with allergic contact dermatitis improved on dupilumab. JAAD case reports Zhu, G. A., Chen, J. K., Chiou, A., Ko, J., Honari, G. 2019; 5 (4): 336?38

    View details for PubMedID 30989102

  • Development andValidation of a Risk Prediction Model for In-Hospital MortalityAmong Patients With Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis-ABCD-10 JAMA DERMATOLOGY Noe, M. H., Rosenbach, M., Hubbard, R. A., Mostaghimi, A., Cardones, A. R., Chen, J. K., Cotliar, J., Davis, M. P., Dominguez, A., Fox, L. P., Hughey, L. C., Kaffenberger, B. H., Kroshinsky, D., Kwong, B. Y., Miller, D. D., Musiek, A., Ortega-Loayza, A. G., Sharon, V. R., Shinkai, K., Summers, E. M., Wanat, K. A., Wetter, D. A., Worswick, S., Margolis, D. J., Gelfand, J. M., Micheletti, R. G. 2019; 155 (4): 448?54

    View details for DOI 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.5605

    View details for Web of Science ID 000464040200008

  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Multicenter Retrospective Study of 377 Adult Patients from the United States (vol 138, pg 2315, 2018) JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY Micheletti, R. G., Chiesa-Fuxench, Z., Noe, M. H., Stephen, S., Aleshin, M., Agarwal, A., Boggs, J., Cardones, A. R., Chen, J. K., Cotliar, J., Davis, M. P., Dominguez, A., Fox, L. P., Gordon, S., Hamrick, R., Ho, B., Hughey, L. C., Jones, L. M., Kaffenberger, B. H., Kindley, K., Kroshinsky, D., Kwong, B. Y., Miller, D. D., Mostaghimi, A., Musiek, A., Ortega-Loayza, A. G., Patel, R., Posligua, A., Rani, M., Saluja, S., Sharon, V. R., Shinkai, K., St John, J., Strickland, N., Summers, E. M., Sun, N., Wanat, K. A., Wetter, D. A., Worswick, S., Yang, C., Margolis, D. J., Gelfand, J. M., Rosenbach, M. 2019; 139 (2): 495?96

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jid.2018.11.013

    View details for Web of Science ID 000456162000049

  • Pediatric Baseline Patch Test Series: Pediatric Contact Dermatitis Workgroup DERMATITIS Yu, J., Atwater, A., Brod, B., Chen, J. K., Chisolm, S. S., Cohen, D. E., de la Feld, S., Gaspari, A. A., Martin, K., Montanez-Wiscovich, M., Sheehan, M., Silverberg, N., Lugo-Somolinos, A., Thakur, B. K., Watsky, K., Jacob, S. E. 2018; 29 (4): 206?12

    Abstract

    Allergic contact dermatitis is a challenging diagnostic problem in children. Although epicutaneous patch testing is the diagnostic standard for confirmation of contact sensitization, it is less used in children by dermatologists treating children, pediatric dermatologists, and pediatricians, when compared with adult practitioners.The aim of the study was to create and evaluate standardization of a pediatric patch test series for children older than 6 years.We surveyed dermatologists and allergists conducting epicutaneous patch testing in children attending the 2017 American Contact Dermatitis Society meeting held in Washington, DC. This was followed by discussion of collected data and consensus review by a pediatric contact dermatitis working group at the conference.A baseline pediatric patch test panel was established through working group consensus.

    View details for PubMedID 29933256

  • Metal Allergy: From Dermatitis to Implant and Device Failure null edited by Chen, J. K., Thyssen, J. P. 2018; null (null)
  • A Pragmatic Approach to Patch Testing Atopic Dermatitis Patients: Clinical Recommendations Based on Expert Consensus Opinion DERMATITIS Chen, J. K., Jacob, S. E., Nedorost, S. T., Hanifin, J. M., Simpson, E. L., Boguniewicz, M., Watsky, K. L., Lugo-Somolinos, A., Hamann, C. R., Eberting, C. L., Silverberg, J. I., Thyssen, J. P. 2016; 27 (4): 186-192

    Abstract

    Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) may complicate the clinical course of atopic dermatitis (AD), and patch testing remains the criterion standard for diagnosing ACD. To date, there have been no guidelines or consensus recommendations on when and how to patch test individuals with AD. Failure to patch test when appropriate may result in overlooking an important and potentially curable complicating comorbidity. In this article, we present consensus recommendations regarding when to perform patch testing in the AD patient, best practices, and common pitfalls. Patch testing should be considered in AD patients with dermatitis that fails to improve with topical therapy; with atypical/changing distribution of dermatitis, or pattern suggestive of ACD; with therapy-resistant hand eczema in the working population; with adult- or adolescent-onset AD; and/or before initiating systemic immunosuppressants for the treatment of dermatitis. A suggested patch testing algorithm for AD patients is provided.

    View details for DOI 10.1097/DER.0000000000000208

    View details for PubMedID 27427820

  • Characterization of patients with clinical overlap of morphea and systemic sclerosis: A case series JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY Chen, J. K., Chung, L., Fiorentino, D. F. 2016; 74 (6): 1272?74

    View details for PubMedID 27185438

  • Corticosteroids in Myositis and Scleroderma. Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America Postolova, A., Chen, J. K., Chung, L. 2016; 42 (1): 103-118

    Abstract

    Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) involve inflammation of the muscles and are classified by the patterns of presentation and immunohistopathologic features on skin and muscle biopsy into 4 categories: dermatomyositis, polymyositis, inclusion body myositis, and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Systemic corticosteroid (CS) treatment is the standard of care for IIM with muscle and organ involvement. The extracutaneous features of systemic sclerosis are frequently treated with CS; however, high doses have been associated with scleroderma renal crisis in high-risk patients. Although CS can be effective first-line agents, their significant side effect profile encourages concomitant treatment with other immunosuppressive medications to enable timely tapering.

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.rdc.2015.08.011

    View details for PubMedID 26611554

  • Erythematous Plaques on the Buttock JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Tan, C. Z., Novoa, R., Chen, J. K. 2016; 315 (1): 79-80

    View details for DOI 10.1001/jama.2015.13562

    View details for PubMedID 26746461

  • Gold Contact Allergy: Clues and Controversies DERMATITIS Chen, J. K., Lampel, H. P. 2015; 26 (2): 69-77

    Abstract

    In 2001, gold was named Contact Allergen of the Year. More than a decade later, we continue to face several challenges in defining the role of gold in contact allergy. First, interpretation of gold reactions in the setting of epicutaneous patch testing may be difficult; in addition to being a common irritant, gold may be associated with significantly delayed and persistent reactions. Second, although gold compounds are commonly positive on patch testing, clinical relevance is relatively low and may be challenging to determine. Third, the complex interplay between gold and the human body is still poorly understood. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature concerning gold patch test positivity and present recommendations for epicutaneous patch testing with gold.

    View details for DOI 10.1097/DER.0000000000000101

    View details for Web of Science ID 000350912200003

    View details for PubMedID 25757078

  • Hand Dermatitis: an Allergist's Nightmare CURRENT ALLERGY AND ASTHMA REPORTS Wold, L., Chen, J. K., Lampel, H. P. 2014; 14 (11)

    Abstract

    Hand dermatitis is a common skin complaint. We use our hands to explore our environment; subsequently, our hands are in frequent contact with potential allergens and irritants. Patients with hand dermatitis may present to their allergist with this complaint. Approaching the diagnosis and treatment of hand dermatitis can be challenging, as both internal and external factors may contribute to the overall condition. Furthermore, the differential diagnosis of hand dermatitis is broad and the cause often multifactorial. Obtaining a thorough history and performing a focused examination may help the clinician differentiate between multiple causes of hand dermatitis. Numerous treatment options exist for hand dermatitis, and new potential treatments are in development as well. We aim to provide the allergist with a streamlined toolkit for help in the diagnosis and management of hand dermatitis.

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s11882-014-0474-0

    View details for Web of Science ID 000343644500005

  • Erythematous lesions on the trunk and upper extremities. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology Chen, J. K., Dann, F. 2014; 71 (3): e59-60

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.11.026

    View details for PubMedID 25128123

  • Drug-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus associated with doxorubicin JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY Chen, J. K., Chen, T. S., Lim, P., Iqbal, M. 2012; 67 (6): E273-E275

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.05.021

    View details for Web of Science ID 000312131200015

    View details for PubMedID 23158635

  • An overview of clinical and experimental treatment modalities for port wine stains JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY Chen, J. K., Ghasri, P., Aguilar, G., van Drooge, A. M., Wolkerstorfer, A., Kelly, K. M., Heger, M. 2012; 67 (2): 289-?

    Abstract

    Port wine stains (PWS) are the most common vascular malformation of the skin, occurring in 0.3% to 0.5% of the population. Noninvasive laser irradiation with flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye lasers (selective photothermolysis) currently comprises the gold standard treatment of PWS; however, the majority of PWS fail to clear completely after selective photothermolysis. In this review, the clinically used PWS treatment modalities (pulsed dye lasers, alexandrite lasers, neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet lasers, and intense pulsed light) and techniques (combination approaches, multiple passes, and epidermal cooling) are discussed. Retrospective analysis of clinical studies published between 1990 and 2011 was performed to determine therapeutic efficacies for each clinically used modality/technique. In addition, factors that have resulted in the high degree of therapeutic recalcitrance are identified, and emerging experimental treatment strategies are addressed, including the use of photodynamic therapy, immunomodulators, angiogenesis inhibitors, hypobaric pressure, and site-specific pharmaco-laser therapy.

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.11.938

    View details for Web of Science ID 000306368600026

    View details for PubMedID 22305042

  • A comparison of world wide web resources for identifying medical information ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY Johnson, P. T., Chen, J. K., Eng, J., Makary, M. A., Fishman, E. K. 2008; 15 (9): 1165-1172

    Abstract

    To compare the utility of a search engine, Google, with other medical and non-medical, web-based resources for identifying specific medical information.This institutional review board-approved case cross-over study randomly assigned 89 medical student volunteers to use either Google or any other web-based resource (excluding Google) to research 10 advanced medical questions in a multiple choice exam. Primary outcome measures were resource efficiency (inversely related to number of links used to identify the correct answer for each question) and correctness (number of correct answers/total number of questions answered). For Google searches, the sites providing the information in question were also evaluated.The most frequently selected non-Google resources were Yahoo (n=531), Ask.com (n=110), and the interactive encyclopedia Wikipedia.com (n=74). Google was more efficient than all other resources (1.50 vs. 1.94 mean links, P<.0001), with no significant difference in correctness (97% [756/780] vs. 96% [747/780], P=.16). After a Google search, the four most common categories of sites that provided the correct answer were dictionary/encyclopedia sites, medical websites, National Library of Medicine resources, or journal websites. Yahoo was less efficient than Google (1.90 vs. 1.54 mean links, P<.0001). However, non-Google search engines were more efficient than web sites (eg, Wikipedia, medical websites) and PubMed (1.87 vs. 2.54 mean links, P=.0004).Google is an efficient web resource for identifying specific medical information, by guiding users to an array of medical resources.

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.acra.2008.02.010

    View details for Web of Science ID 000259051700011

    View details for PubMedID 18692758

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