Bio

Bio

Dr. Wang is the Director of Center for Policy, Outcomes and Prevention. Prior to coming to Stanford in 2011, he was a faculty member at Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health. His other professional experiences include working as a management consultant with McKinsey and Company and serving as the project manager for Taiwan's National Health Insurance Reform Task-force. His current interests include: 1) COVID-19 related policies; 2) developing tools for assessing and improving the value of healthcare; 3) facilitating the use of mobile technology in improving quality of care; 4) supporting competency-based medical education curriculum, and 5) engaging in healthcare delivery and payment reforms.

Clinical Focus

  • Pediatrics

Academic Appointments

Administrative Appointments

  • Director, Center for Policy, Outcomes and Prevention (2014 - Present)
  • Co-director, PCHA-UHA Research and Learning Collaborative (2016 - Present)
  • Co-Chair, Mobile Health and Other Technologies, Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences (2015 - Present)
  • Co-director, Academic General Pediatrics Fellowship (2012 - Present)

Honors & Awards

  • Young Clinician Research Award for Transformative Innovation in Healthcare Research, Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology, Boston Consortium Hospitals (2010)
  • NIH Director's New Innovator Award, National Institutes of Health (2011)
  • Etteldorf Distinguished Visiting Professor, University of Tennessee/ St Jude Chidren?s Research Hospital (2013)

Professional Education

  • Fellowship: UCLA Health Sciences (2003) CA
  • Board Certification: American Board of Pediatrics, Pediatrics (2002)
  • Residency: UCSF Pediatric Residency (1999) CA
  • Medical Education: Harvard Medical School (1996) MA
  • Undergraduate, MIT (1992)
  • MD, Harvard Medical School (1996)
  • mini-MBA, McKinsey and Company, Management Consulting (1999)
  • Fellowship, Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, Health Services Research (2003)
  • PhD, RAND, Health Policy (2006)
  • Fellowship, National Research Service Award, Health Services Research (2006)

Contact

  • Judy Sun 117 Encina Commons, CHP/PCOR, Stanford, CA 94305
  • Gardner Packard Childrens Health Center 3351 El Camino Real Ste 100 Atherton, CA 94027
    • Tel: (650) 362-2500
    Fax: (650) 362-2584

Teaching

2020-21 Courses

Stanford Advisees

Publications

All Publications

  • Operational Considerations on the American Academy of Pediatrics Guidance for K-12 School Reentry. JAMA pediatrics Wang, C. J., Bair, H. 2020

    View details for DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.3871

    View details for PubMedID 32780111

  • Managing medication supply chain during the COVID-19 pandemic: key lessons from Taiwan JAPhA Kuo, S. C., Ou, H. T., Wang, C. J. 2020

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.japh.2020.08.029

  • How Community and Unity Can Help Americans Survive. Journal of general internal medicine Brook, R. H., Wang, C. J., Wenger, N. S. 2020

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s11606-020-05829-8

    View details for PubMedID 32291724

  • Video consultations in primary and specialist care during the covid-19 pandemic and beyond British Medical Journal Car, J., Koh, G. C., Foong, P. S., Wang, C. J. 2020

    View details for DOI 10.1136/bmj.m3945

  • How to Safely Reopen Colleges and Universities During COVID-19: Experiences from Taiwan Annals of Internal Medicine Cheng, S. Y., Wang, C. J., Shen, A., Chang, S. C. 2020

    View details for DOI 10.7326/M20-2927

  • How to Prevent and Manage Hospital-Based Infections During Coronavirus Outbreaks: Five Lessons from Taiwan Journal of Hospital Medicine Wang, C. J., Bair, H., Yeh, C. C. 2020

    View details for DOI 10.12788/jhm.3452

  • Healthy Hearts via Live Video Conferencing: An Exercise and Diet Intervention in Pediatric Heart Transplant Patients JAHA Chen, A. C., Ramirez, F., Rosenthal, D. N., Couch, S. C., Berry, S., Stauffer, K. J., Brabender, J., McDonald, N., Lee, D., Barkoff, L., Nourse, S. E., Kazmucha, J., Wang, C. J., Olson, I., Tierney, E. S. 2020

    View details for DOI 10.1161/JAHA.119.013816

  • Ethics and Governance for Digital Disease Surveillance Science Mello, M., Wang, C. J. 2020; 368 (6494): 951-954

    View details for DOI 10.1126/science.abb9045

  • Primary Care Providers in California and Florida Report Low Confidence in Providing Type 1 Diabetes Care. Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association Lal, R. A., Cuttriss, N., Haller, M. J., Yabut, K., Anez-Zabala, C., Hood, K. K., Sheehan, E., Basina, M., Bernier, A., Baer, L. G., Filipp, S. L., Wang, C. J., Town, M. A., Gurka, M. J., Maahs, D. M., Walker, A. F. 2020; 38 (2): 159?65

    Abstract

    People with type 1 diabetes may receive a significant portion of their care from primary care providers (PCPs). To understand the involvement of PCPs in delivering type 1 diabetes care, we performed surveys in California and Florida, two of the most populous and diverse states in the United States. PCPs fill insulin prescriptions but report low confidence in providing type 1 diabetes care and difficulty accessing specialty referrals to endocrinologists.

    View details for DOI 10.2337/cd19-0060

    View details for PubMedID 32327888

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC7164993

  • Response to COVID-19 in Taiwan: Big Data Analytics, New Technology, and Proactive Testing. JAMA Wang, C. J., Ng, C. Y., Brook, R. H. 2020

    View details for DOI 10.1001/jama.2020.3151

    View details for PubMedID 32125371

  • An impact-oriented approach to epidemiological modeling J Gen Intern Med Shah, N. R., Lai, D., Wang, C. J. 2020

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s11606-020-06230-1

  • Associations Between Body Fat, Muscle Mass, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Population-Based Study. Hepatology communications Hsing, J. C., Nguyen, M. H., Yang, B., Min, Y., Han, S. S., Pung, E., Winter, S. J., Zhao, X., Gan, D., Hsing, A. W., Zhu, S., Wang, C. J. 2019; 3 (8): 1061?72

    Abstract

    Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of liver disease worldwide and has emerged as a significant public health concern in China. A better understanding of the etiology of NAFLD can inform effective management strategies for this disease. We examined factors associated with NAFLD in two districts of Hangzhou, China, focusing on the relationship of regional body fat distribution, muscle mass, and NAFLD. We used baseline data to carry out a cross-sectional analysis among 3,589 participants from the Wellness Living Laboratory (WELL) China study, a longitudinal population-based study that aims to investigate and promote well-being among the Chinese population. NAFLD was defined using the widely validated fatty liver index (FLI). Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to assess independent associations between NAFLD and metabolic risk factors (e.g., insulin resistance) and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived measures (e.g., android fat ratio [AFR] and skeletal muscle index [SMI]). Of the 3,589 participants, 476 (13.3%) were classified as having FLI-defined NAFLD (FLI ?60). Among those, 58.0% were men. According to our analysis, AFR (odds ratio [OR], 10.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.8-18.5), insulin resistance (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 3.0-5.3), high alanine aminotransferase levels (OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 5.8-10.0), smoking (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-3.0), and male sex (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.0-4.2) were positively associated with NAFLD risk, while SMI (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.07-0.13) was inversely associated with NAFLD risk. Conclusion: In addition to known metabolic risk factors, DXA-derived AFR and SMI may provide additional insights to the understanding of NAFLD. Interventions that aim to decrease AFR and increase SMI may be important to reduce the burden of NAFLD in this population.

    View details for DOI 10.1002/hep4.1392

    View details for PubMedID 31388627

  • Keys to academic success for under-represented minority young investigators: recommendations from the Research in Academic Pediatrics Initiative on Diversity (RAPID) National Advisory Committee. International journal for equity in health Flores, G., Mendoza, F. S., DeBaun, M. R., Fuentes-Afflick, E., Jones, V. F., Mendoza, J. A., Raphael, J. L., Wang, C. J. 2019; 18 (1): 93

    Abstract

    BACKGROUND: Although Latinos, African-Americans, and American Indians/Alaska Natives comprise 34% of Americans, these under-represented minorities (URMs) account for only 7% of US medical-school faculty. Even when URMs become faculty, they face many substantial challenges to success. Little has been published, however, on keys to academic success for URM young faculty investigators.METHODS: The Research in Academic Pediatrics Initiative on Diversity (RAPID) goal is to enhance the professional advancement of URM junior faculty pursuing research careers in general academic pediatrics. One important RAPID component is the annual mentoring/career-development conference, which targets URM residents, fellows, and junior faculty, and has included 62 URM participants since its 2013 inception. A conference highlight is the panel discussion on keys to academic success for URM young investigators, conducted by the RAPID National Advisory Committee, a diverse group of leading senior researchers. The article aim was to provide a guide to academic success for URM young investigators using the 2018 RAPID Conference panel discussion. A modified Delphi technique was used to provide a systematic approach to obtaining answers to six key questions using an expert panel: the single most important key to success for URM young investigators; ensuring optimal mentorship; how to respond when patients/families say, "I don't want you to see my child because you are ____"; best strategies for maximizing funding success; how to balance serving on time-consuming committees with enough time to advance research/career objectives; and the single thing you wish someone had told you which would have substantially enhanced your success early on.RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: This is the first published practical guide on keys to academic success for URM young investigators. Identified keys to success included having multiple mentors, writing prolifically, being tenaciously persistent, having mentors who are invested in you, dealing with families who do not want you to care for their child because of your race/ethnicity by seeking to understand the reasons and debriefing with colleagues, seeking non-traditional funding streams, balancing committee work with having enough time to advance one's research and career by using these opportunities to generate scholarly products, and asking for all needed resources when negotiating for new jobs.

    View details for DOI 10.1186/s12939-019-0995-1

    View details for PubMedID 31215424

  • Telehealth requires expansion of physicians' communication competencies training MEDICAL TEACHER van Galen, L. S., Wang, C. J., Nanayakkara, P. B., Paranjape, K., Kramer, M. H., Car, J. 2019; 41 (6): 714?15

    Abstract

    We are in the midst of transformation of health systems where remote consulting (via video, telephone, email, and mobile messaging) is soon to become the dominant mode of consultation. Most of the literature on telehealth omits mentioning the need for telehealth communication competencies. Yet evidence base has been growing about how critical this training is - whether from clinical communication research or litigation claims analysis. In this article, we are calling for an urgent expansion of communication skills curricula to encompass these new telehealth domains from medical schools, specialty trainings to CMEs.

    View details for DOI 10.1080/0142159X.2018.1481284

    View details for Web of Science ID 000483250200019

    View details for PubMedID 29944031

  • Healthy hearts in pediatric heart transplant patients with an exercise and diet intervention via live video conferencing-Design and rationale PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION Chen, A. C., Rosenthal, D. N., Couch, S. C., Berry, S., Stauffer, K. J., Brabender, J., McDonald, N., Lee, D., Barkoff, L., Nourse, S. E., Kazmucha, J., Wang, C., Olson, I., Tierney, E. 2019; 23 (1)

    View details for DOI 10.1111/petr.13316

    View details for Web of Science ID 000457579500010

  • Impact of a Mobile App-Based Health Coaching and Behavior Change Program on Participant Engagement and Weight Status of Overweight and Obese Children: Retrospective Cohort Study JMIR MHEALTH AND UHEALTH Cueto, C., Wang, C. J., Sanders, L. M. 2019; 7 (10): e14458

    View details for DOI 10.2196/14458

  • ?Following Through?: Addressing the Racial Inequality for Preterm Infants and Their Families Pediatric Research Stevenson, D. K., Wong, R. J., Profit, J. J., Shaw, G. M., Wang, C. J., Lee, H. C. 2019

    View details for DOI 10.1038/s41390-019-0602-6

  • Hospitalization Patterns for Inpatient Surgery and Procedures in California:2000 ? 2016 Anesthesia and Analgesia Muffly, M. K., Honkanen, A., Scheinker, D., Wang, T., Saynina, O., Singleton, M. A., , Wang, C. J., Sanders, L. M. 2019

    View details for DOI 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004552

  • Variation in Primary Care Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder by Primary Care Providers Academic Pediatrics Bannett, Y., Feldman, H. M., Bentley, J. P., Ansel, D. A., Wang, C. J., Huffman, L. C. 2019

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.acap.2019.11.016

  • Digital health at fifteen: more human (more needed). BMC medicine Huckvale, K., Wang, C. J., Majeed, A., Car, J. 2019; 17 (1): 62

    Abstract

    There is growing appreciation that the success of digital health - whether digital tools, digital interventions or technology-based change strategies - is linked to the extent to which human factors are considered throughout design, development and implementation. A shift in focus to individuals as users and consumers of digital health highlights the capacity of the field to respond to secular developments, such as the adoption of person-centred care and consumer health technologies. We argue that this project is not only incomplete, but is fundamentally 'uncompletable' in the face of a highly dynamic landscape of both technological and human challenges. These challenges include the effects of consumerist, technology-supported care on care delivery, the rapid growth of digital users in low-income and middle-income countries and the impacts of machine learning. Digital health research will create most value by retaining a clear focus on the role of human factors in maximising health benefit, by helping health systems to anticipate and understand the person-centred effects of technology changes and by advocating strongly for the autonomy, rights and safety of consumers.

    View details for PubMedID 30879466

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6421699

  • Theory-Based Health Behavior Interventions for Pediatric Chronic Disease Management A Systeindtic Review JAMA PEDIATRICS Ng, C. Y., Thomas-Uribe, M., Yang, Y. A., Chu, M. Y., Liu, S., Pulendran, U., Lin, B., Lerner, D. S., King, A. C., Wang, C. 2018; 172 (12): 1177?86

    View details for DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.3039

    View details for Web of Science ID 000452130600015

  • Parents' Knowledge and Education of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Four California Neonatal Intensive Care Units AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY Eneriz-Wiemer, M., Liu, S., Chu, M. Y., Uribe-Leitz, T., Rajani, K., Sankar, M., Robbins, S. L., Lee, H. C., Woodard, C., Wang, C. 2018; 191: 7?13

    View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.03.039

    View details for Web of Science ID 000437387100007

  • Specialized Care without the Subspecialist: A Value Opportunity for Secondary Care. Children (Basel, Switzerland) Cohen, E., Wang, C. J., Zuckerman, B. 2018; 5 (6)

    Abstract

    An underutilized value strategy that may reduce unnecessary subspecialty involvement in pediatric healthcare targets the high-quality care of children with common chronic conditions such as obesity, asthma, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder within primary care settings. In this commentary, we propose that "secondary care", defined as specialized visits delivered by primary care providers, a general pediatrician, or other primary care providers, can obtain the knowledge, skill and, over time, the experience to manage one or more of these common chronic conditions by creating clinical time and space to provide condition-focused care. This care model promotes familiarity, comfort, proximity to home, and leverages the provider's expertise and connections with community-based resources. Evidence is provided to prove that, with multi-disciplinary and subspecialist support, this model of care can improve the quality, decrease the costs, and improve the provider's satisfaction with care.

    View details for PubMedID 29866987

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6025251

  • In-Person Interpreter Use and Hospital Length of Stay among Infants with Low Birth Weight International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Eneriz-Wiemer, M., Sanders, L., McIntrye, M., Mendoza, F., Do, D., Wang, C. 2018; 15 (8)

    Abstract

    To ensure timely appropriate care for low-birth-weight (LBW) infants, healthcare providers must communicate effectively with parents, even when language barriers exist. We sought to evaluate whether non-English primary language (NEPL) and professional in-person interpreter use were associated with differential hospital length of stay for LBW infants, who may incur high healthcare costs. We analyzed data for 2047 infants born between 1 January 2008 and 30 April 2013 with weight <2500 g at one hospital with high NEPL prevalence. We evaluated relationships of NEPL and in-person interpreter use on length of stay, adjusting for medical severity. Overall, 396 (19%) had NEPL parents. Fifty-three percent of NEPL parents had documented interpreter use. Length of stay ranged from 1 to 195 days (median 11). Infants of NEPL parents with no interpreter use had a 49% shorter length of stay (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43?0.61) compared to English-speakers. Infants of parents with NEPL and low interpreter use (<25% of hospital days) had a 26% longer length of stay (adjusted IRR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06?1.51). NEPL and high interpreter use (>25% of hospital days) showed a trend for an even longer length of stay. Unmeasured clinical and social/cultural factors may contribute to differences in length of stay.

    View details for DOI 10.3390/ijerph15081570

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6121500

  • Outcomes of Follow-up Visits After Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations. JAMA pediatrics Schroeder, A. R., Destino, L. A., Brooks, R., Wang, C. J., Coon, E. R. 2018

    View details for PubMedID 29379947

  • Managed Care, Hospital Characteristics, and Inpatient Utilization for Sickle Cell Disease Patients. Journal of general internal medicine Lewit, E., Thirumalai, K., Wang, C. J. 2018; 33 (12): 2053?55

    View details for PubMedID 30128790

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6258598

  • Association of a Bundled-Payment Program With Cost and Outcomes in Full-Cycle Breast Cancer Care JAMA ONCOLOGY Wang, C. J., Cheng, S. H., Wu, J., Lin, Y., Kao, W., Lin, C., Chen, Y., Tsai, S., Kao, F., Huang, A. T. 2017; 3 (3): 327-334

    View details for DOI 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.4549

    View details for Web of Science ID 000397491400009

  • Using a Medical Intranet of Things System to Prevent Bed Falls in an Acute Care Hospital: A Pilot Study. Journal of medical Internet research Balaguera, H. U., Wise, D., Ng, C. Y., Tso, H. W., Chiang, W. L., Hutchinson, A. M., Galvin, T., Hilborne, L., Hoffman, C., Huang, C. C., Wang, C. J. 2017; 19 (5): e150

    Abstract

    Hospitalized patients in the United States experience falls at a rate of 2.6 to 17.1 per 1000 patient-days, with the majority occurring when a patient is moving to, from, and around the bed. Each fall with injury costs an average of US $14,000.The aim was to conduct a technology evaluation, including feasibility, usability, and user experience, of a medical sensor-based Intranet of things (IoT) system in facilitating nursing response to bed exits in an acute care hospital.Patients 18 years and older with a Morse fall score of 45 or greater were recruited from a 35-bed medical-surgical ward in a 317-bed Massachusetts teaching hospital. Eligible patients were recruited between August 4, 2015 and July 31, 2016. Participants received a sensor pad placed between the top of their mattress and bed sheet. The sensor pad was positioned to monitor movement from patients' shoulders to their thighs. The SensableCare System was evaluated for monitoring patient movement and delivering timely alerts to nursing staff via mobile devices when there appeared to be a bed-exit attempt. Sensor pad data were collected automatically from the system. The primary outcomes included number of falls, time to turn off bed-exit alerts, and the number of attempted bed-exit events. Data on patient falls were collected by clinical research assistants and confirmed with the unit nurse manager. Explanatory variables included room locations (zones 1-3), day of the week, nursing shift, and Morse Fall Scale (ie, positive fall history, positive secondary diagnosis, positive ambulatory aid, weak impaired gait/transfer, positive IV/saline lock, mentally forgets limitations). We also assessed user experience via nurse focus groups. Qualitative data regarding staff interactions with the system were collected during two focus groups with 25 total nurses, each lasting approximately 1.5 hours.A total of 91 patients used the system for 234.0 patient-days and experienced no bed falls during the study period. On average, patients were assisted/returned to bed 46 seconds after the alert system was triggered. Response times were longer during the overnight nursing shift versus day shift (P=.005), but were independent of the patient's location on the unit. Focus groups revealed that nurses found the system integrated well into the clinical nursing workflow and the alerts were helpful in patient monitoring.A medical IoT system can be integrated into the existing nursing workflow and may reduce patient bed fall risk in acute care hospitals, a high priority but an elusive patient safety challenge. By using an alerting system that sends notifications directly to nurses' mobile devices, nurses can equally respond to unassisted bed-exit attempts wherever patients are located on the ward. Further study, including a fully powered randomized controlled trial, is needed to assess effectiveness across hospital settings.

    View details for PubMedID 28473306

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5438463

  • Why do Patients Forget to Take Immunosuppression Medications and Miss Appointments: Can a Mobile Phone App Help? JMIR public health and surveillance Israni, A., Dean, C., Kasel, B., Berndt, L., Wildebush, W., Wang, C. J. 2016; 2 (1): e15

    Abstract

    Kidney transplant recipients must adhere to their immunosuppressive medication regimen. However, non-adherence remains a major problem.The aim of this paper is to determine how kidney transplant recipients remember to take their medications, and assess their perception and beliefs about adherence to immunosuppressive medications and barriers to medication adherence. In addition, we aim to assess perception and beliefs about willingness to use a hypothetical, mobile phone app to improve adherence.We conducted a qualitative study that included an average of three home or workplace visits of kidney transplant recipients (N=16) from a single urban transplant center.The qualitative study revealed that transplant recipients understood the importance of taking their immunosuppressive medications and this motivated them to take their medications. The visits showed that most participants have incorporated medication use into their daily lives and that any minor deviation from daily routines could result in non-adherence. Participants also reported other barriers to adherence. All participants were interested in using an app to remind them to take their medication; however, they reported potential barriers to using the app.Although kidney transplant recipients understood the importance of medication adherence, there were significant barriers to maintaining adherence. Participants also reported interest in using a mobile phone app.

    View details for DOI 10.2196/publichealth.5285

    View details for PubMedID 27227150

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4869221

  • Medical Device Market Silicon Valley ? Economics for Success? (Chinese book published in Taiwan) Wang, C. J. http://www.drmaster.com.tw. 2016: 247
  • Quality Indicator Development for Positive Screen Follow-up for Sickle Cell Disease and Trait. American journal of preventive medicine Faro, E. Z., Wang, C. J., Oyeku, S. O. 2016; 51 (1 Suppl 1): S48?54

    Abstract

    Extensive variation exists in the follow-up of positive screens for sickle cell disease. Limited quality indicators exist to measure if the public health goals of screening-early initiation of treatment and enrollment to care-are being achieved. This manuscript focuses on the development of quality indicators related to the follow-up care for individuals identified with sickle cell disease and trait through screening processes. The authors used a modified Delphi method to develop the indicators. The process included a comprehensive literature review with rating of the evidence followed by ratings of draft indicators by an expert panel held in September 2012. The expert panel was nominated by leaders of various professional societies, the Health Resources and Services Administration, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and met face to face to discuss and rate each indicator. The panel recommended nine quality indicators focused on key aspects of follow-up care for individuals with positive screens for sickle cell disease and trait. Public health programs and healthcare institutions can use these indicators to assess the quality of follow-up care and provide a basis for improvement efforts to ensure appropriate family education, early initiation of treatment, and appropriate referral to care for individuals identified with sickle cell disease and trait.

    View details for PubMedID 27320465

  • Understanding Barriers to Early Intervention Services for Preterm Infants: Lessons From Two States ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS Little, A. A., Kamholz, K., Corwin, B. K., Barrero-Castillero, A., Wang, C. J. 2015; 15 (4): 430-438

    Abstract

    To explore existing barriers and challenges to Early Intervention (EI) referral, enrollment, and service provision for very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) infants.We conducted 10 focus groups with parents of VLBW children (n = 44) and 32 interviews with key informants from EI (n = 7), neonatal intensive care units (n = 17), and outpatient clinics (n = 8) at 6 sites in 2 states. We used grounded theory to identify themes about gaps in services.Both parents and providers found EI helpful. However, they also identified gaps in the current EI system at the levels of eligibility, referral, family receptivity, and service provision and coordination with medical care. Inadequate funding and variable procedures for evaluation may affect children's eligibility. Referrals can be missed as a result of simple oversight or communication failure among hospitals, EI, and families; referral outcomes often are not formally tracked. Families may not be receptive to services as a result of wariness of home visits, social stressors, denial about potential developmental delays, or lack of understanding of the benefits of EI. Once a child is deemed eligible, services may be delayed or terminated early, and EI providers may have little specialized training. Communication and coordination with the child's medical care team is often limited.Systemic barriers, including funding and staffing issues, state and federal regulations, and communication with families and medical providers, have led to gaps in the EI system. The chronic care model may serve as a framework for integrating community-based interventions like EI with medical care for VLBW children and other vulnerable populations.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000357363400011

    View details for PubMedID 26142069

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4862651

  • Sickle Cell Disease Treatment Demonstration Program Congressional Report Adams, W. W., Faro, E., Finnerty, P., Homer, C., Mai, E., Norton, A., Oyeku, S., Vanderkruik, R., Wang, C. J. Health Resources and Services Administration?s Contract HHSH250201000022C . 2014
  • The HIPAA conundrum in the era of mobile health and communications. JAMA-the journal of the American Medical Association Wang, C. J., Huang, D. J. 2013; 310 (11): 1121-1122

    View details for DOI 10.1001/jama.2013.219869

    View details for PubMedID 23978879

  • Pasteurized human donor milk use among US level 3 neonatal intensive care units. Journal of human lactation Parker, M. G., Barrero-Castillero, A., Corwin, B. K., Kavanagh, P. L., Belfort, M. B., Wang, C. J. 2013; 29 (3): 381-389

    Abstract

    Pasteurized human donor milk (DM) is recommended by the World Health Organization and American Academy of Pediatrics for preterm infants when mother's own milk is unavailable, yet the extent and predictors of use and criteria for use in US neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are unknown.This study aimed to evaluate current DM use in US level 3 NICUs and predictors and criteria of use.We sent mail surveys to 302 US level 3 NICU directors. We used multivariable logistic regression to analyze predictors of DM use.Survey response rate was 60%, and 76 of 182 (42%) directors reported DM use. Among DM users, 30% have used DM < 2 years and 55% for 2 to 5 years. Among nonusers, 63% were uncertain of turnaround time when ordering DM, 36% were unclear what guidelines milk banks followed, and 31% were unsure of parent receptiveness. In multivariate analyses, > 800 annual admissions (odds ratio [OR], 4.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-11.82; reference ? 400 admissions) and location in the Midwest (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.17-7.76) and West (OR, 6.33; 95% CI, 2.28-15.57; reference Northeast) were positively associated with DM use; safety-net hospitals (> 75% Medicaid insurance) were negatively associated (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.89).Pasteurized human donor milk use is rapidly emerging among US level 3 NICUs. Larger NICUs and those in the West and Midwest were more likely to use DM, while safety-net hospitals were less likely to use DM. Lack of knowledge by medical directors of accessibility, safety, and parental receptiveness may be barriers to DM use.

    View details for DOI 10.1177/0890334413492909

    View details for PubMedID 23764482

  • Language in Medical Documentation Reply JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Wang, C. J. 2013; 309 (10): 984-984

    View details for Web of Science ID 000315938700019

  • Quality-of-Care Indicators for Infantile Spasms JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY Wang, C. J., Jonas, R., Fu, C. M., Ng, C. Y., Douglass, L. 2013; 28 (1): 13-20

    Abstract

    We developed a comprehensive set of quality-of-care indicators for the management of children with infantile spasms in the United States, encompassing evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and management of side effects and comorbidities. The indicators were developed using the RAND/UCLA Modified Delphi Method. After a focused review of the literature and guidelines by the study team, an expert panel (nominated by leaders of Child Neurology Society, American Epilepsy Society, and National Institute for Neurologic Disorders) rated the draft indicators anonymously, met face-to-face to discuss each indicator, and rerated the revised indicators on validity, feasibility, and importance. The panel recommended 21 indicators, of which 8 were identified as most likely to have a large positive impact on improving quality of life and/or health outcomes for children with infantile spasms. The proposed indicators can be used to assess and document variations and gaps in quality-of-care and inform future research and quality improvement interventions.

    View details for DOI 10.1177/0883073812443590

    View details for PubMedID 22566712

  • Medical Documentation in the Electronic Era JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Wang, C. J. 2012; 308 (20): 2091-2092

    View details for Web of Science ID 000311537200021

    View details for PubMedID 23188023

  • Improving Preterm Ophthalmologic Care in the Era of Accountable Care Organizations ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY Wang, C. J., Little, A. A., Kamholz, K., Holliman, J. B., Wise, M. D., Davis, J., Ringer, S., Cole, C., VanderVeen, D. K., Christiansen, S. P., Bauchner, H. 2012; 130 (11): 1433-1440

    Abstract

    OBJECTIVES To understand retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) follow-up care for preterm very low-birth-weight infants (VLBW; <1500 g) in the context of the chronic care model and identify opportunities for improvement under accountable care organizations. METHODS We conducted focus groups and interviews with parents (N = 47) of VLBW infants and interviews with neonatal intensive care unit and ophthalmologic providers (N = 28) at 6 sites in Massachusetts and South Carolina. Themes are reported according to consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines. RESULTS Respondents perceived that legal liability and low reimbursement contributed to shortages of ROP providers. Some neonatal intensive care units offered subsidies to attract ophthalmologic providers or delayed transfers to institutions that could not provide ROP examinations and/or treatment. Sites used variable practices for coordinating ROP care. Even at sites with a tracking database and a dedicated ROP coordinator, significant time was required to ensure that examinations and treatment occurred as scheduled. Parents' ability to manage their children's health care was limited by parental understanding of ROP, feeling overwhelmed by the infant's care, and unmet needs for resources to address social stressors. CONCLUSIONS Under accountable care organizations, hospitals and ophthalmology practices should share responsibility for ensuring coordinated ROP care to mitigate liability concerns. To promote integrated care, reimbursement for ROP care should be bundled to include screening, diagnosis, treatment, and appropriate follow-up. Clinical information systems should be enhanced to increase efficiency and limit lapses in care. Self-management tools and connections to community resources could help promote families' attendance of follow-up appointments.

    View details for DOI 10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.1890

    View details for Web of Science ID 000310986700009

    View details for PubMedID 22777426

  • Maternal note-taking and infant care: a pilot randomised controlled trial ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD Kistin, C. J., Barrero-Castillero, A., Lewis, S., Hoch, R., Philipp, B. L., Bauchner, H., Wang, C. J. 2012; 97 (10): 916-918

    Abstract

    A pilot randomised controlled trial was conducted with postpartum mothers to assess the feasibility and impact of note-taking during newborn teaching. Controls received standard teaching; the intervention group received pen and paper to take notes. Subjects were called 2 days post-discharge to assess infant sleep position, breastfeeding, car seat use, satisfaction and information recall.126 mothers were randomised. There was a consistent trend that intervention subjects were more likely to report infant supine sleep position (88% vs 78%, relative risks (RR) 1.13; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.34), breastfeeding (96% vs 86%, RR 1.11; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.25) and correct car seat use (98% vs 87%, RR 1.12; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.25). Satisfaction and information recall did not differ. Among first-time mothers, intervention subjects were significantly more likely to report infant supine sleep position (95% vs 65%, RR 1.46; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.00).Maternal note-taking is feasible and potentially efficacious in promoting desirable infant care.

    View details for DOI 10.1136/archdischild-2012-302289

    View details for Web of Science ID 000309056100018

    View details for PubMedID 22806235

  • Hemoglobinopathy Learning Collaborative: Using Quality Improvement (QI) to Achieve Equity in Health Care Quality, Coordination, and Outcomes for Sickle Cell Disease JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED Oyeku, S. O., Wang, C. J., Scoville, R., VanderKruik, R., Clermont, E., McPherson, M. E., Adams, W. G., Homer, C. J. 2012; 23 (3): 34-48

    Abstract

    Care and outcomes for individuals living with sickle cell disease (SCD) vary across institutions and communities. The Hemoglobinopathy Learning Collaborative (HLC) seeks to improve outcomes across the life course through improvement science. Faculty identified five key drivers of improved outcomes: a strong community network; knowledgeable, proactive individuals, families and providers; reliable identification and follow-up; seamless co-management between primary and specialty care; and appropriate treatment for acute episodes. Using a modified Delphi process, we selected improvement measures aligned with the drivers. Data are collected via a Web-based system linked to a reporting portal. Participating teams include consumers, community organizations and primary and specialty care providers. This commentary reviews the context of SCD in the U.S.; describes the framework, measures, and technology infrastructure already created for the HLC; reports on the early experience of teams; highlights the initiative's challenges and opportunities; and reflects on its implications in the setting of health reform.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000307413700007

    View details for PubMedID 22864486

  • Setting the Agenda for Quality Improvement in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Kenyon, C. C., Kavanagh, P. L., Fiechtner, L. G., Textor, T. E., Wang, C. J. 2012; 104 (7-8): 337-341

    Abstract

    Despite recent scientific advances, children with sickle cell disease (SCD) continue to experience high mortality and significant morbidity, in part due to variations in the care provided. We sought to identify and compare drivers for quality improvement among clinical staff and parents of children with SCD.We interviewed clinical staff across care settings in an urban teaching hospital to elicit their perspectives on improving care for children with SCD. Concurrently, we invited parents of children with SCD to participate in focus groups to identify their needs. Findings are reported according to Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines.We conducted 29 interviews with clinical staff and 4 focus groups with parents. Both groups identified the need for effective communication of relevant patient information across disciplines as a key area for improvement. Clinical staff cited standardization of care delivery as a top priority through increased accessibility of pertinent clinical information, enhanced pain assessment and management, and improved availability of clinical decision-making tools. Parents listed the need for increased community awareness about SCD, including school and day care staff, enhanced parental education and peer support, and self-management skills for their children as opportunities to improve pediatric SCD care.Identifying drivers for quality improvement is a critical first step in transforming the care provided to children with SCD. Using a systematic approach that includes eliciting the perspectives of both clinicians and parents may significantly enhance the development of a patient-centered quality improvement agenda.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000309845900003

    View details for PubMedID 23092048

  • Electronic Health Record Technology Reply JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Wang, C. J., Huang, A. T. 2012; 307 (21): 2256-2256

    View details for Web of Science ID 000304801700013

  • Integrating Technology Into Health Care What Will It Take? JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Wang, C. J., Huang, A. T. 2012; 307 (6): 569-570

    View details for Web of Science ID 000299992500019

    View details for PubMedID 22318276

  • A Proposed Framework for Understanding the Forces behind Legislation of Universal Health InsuranceuLessons from Ten Countries HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH Wang, C. J., Ellender, S. M., Textor, T., Bauchner, J. H., Wu, J., Bauchner, H., Huang, A. T. 2011; 46 (6): 2101-2118

    Abstract

    To understand the forces propelling countries to legislate universal health insurance. DATA SOURCE/STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive review and exploratory synthesis of historic data on economic, geographic, socio-demographic, and political factors.We searched under "insurance, health" on MEDLINE and Google Scholar, and we reviewed relevant books and articles via a snowball approach.Ten countries with universal health insurance were studied. For the five countries that passed final universal insurance laws prior to 1958, we found that two forces of "historical context" (i.e., social solidarity and historic patterns), one "ongoing dynamic force" (political pressures), and "one uniqueness of the moment" force (legislative permissiveness) played a major role. For the five countries that passed final legislation between 1967 and 2010, the predominant factors were two "ongoing dynamic forces" (economic pressures and political pressures) and one "uniqueness of the moment" force (leadership). In general, countries in the former group made steady progress, whereas those in the latter group progressed in abrupt leaps.The lessons of more recent successes-almost all of which were achieved via abrupt leaps-strongly indicate the importance of leadership in taking advantage of generalized economic and political pressures to achieve universal health insurance.

    View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2011.01320.x

    View details for Web of Science ID 000297244200005

    View details for PubMedID 22092227

  • Management of Children With Sickle Cell Disease: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature PEDIATRICS Kavanagh, P. L., Sprinz, P. G., Vinci, S. R., Bauchner, H., Wang, C. J. 2011; 128 (6): E1552-E1574

    Abstract

    Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects 70 000 to 100 000 people in the United States, and 2000 infants are born with the disease each year. The purpose of this study was to review the quality of the literature for preventive interventions and treatment of complications for children with SCD to facilitate the use of evidence-based medicine in clinical practice and identify areas in need of additional research.We searched the Ovid Medline database and the Cochrane Library for articles published between January 1995 and April 2010 for English-language abstracts on 28 topics thought to be important for the care of children with SCD. We also added pertinent references cited by studies identified in our search. Each abstract was reviewed independently by 2 authors. Data from articles retrieved for full review were abstracted by using a common form.There were 3188 abstracts screened, and 321 articles underwent full review. Twenty-six articles (<1% of abstracts initially screened), which consisted of 25 randomized controlled trials and 1 meta-analysis, were rated as having level I evidence. Eighteen of the 28 topics selected for this review did not have level I evidence studies published. The management and prevention of pain episodes accounted for more than one-third of the level I studies.Although significant strides have been made in the care of children with SCD in the past 2 decades, more research needs to be performed, especially for acute events associated with SCD, to ensure that the health and well-being of children with SCD continues to improve.

    View details for DOI 10.1542/peds.2010-3686

    View details for Web of Science ID 000298131400023

    View details for PubMedID 22123880

  • Communication of Urgent Public Health Messages to Urban Populations: Lessons From the Massachusetts Water Main Break DISASTER MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS Wang, C. J., Little, A. A., Holliman, J. B., Ng, C. Y., Barrero-Castillero, A., Fu, C. M., Zuckerman, B., Bauchner, H. 2011; 5 (3): 235-241

    Abstract

    To study when and how an urgent public health message about a boil-water order reached an urban population after the Massachusetts water main break.In-person surveys were conducted in waiting areas of clinics and emergency departments at a large urban safety net hospital within 1 week of the event.Of 533 respondents, 97% were aware of the order; 34% of those who lived in affected cities or towns were potentially exposed to contaminated water. Among those who were aware, 98% took action. Respondents first received the message through word of mouth (33%), television (25%), cellular telephone calls (20%), landline calls (10%), and other modes of communication (12%). In multivariate analyses, foreign-born respondents and those who lived outside the city of Boston had a higher risk of exposure to contaminated water. New modes (eg, cellular telephones) were used more commonly by females and younger individuals (ages 18 to 34). Individuals who did not speak English at home were more likely to receive the message through their personal networks.Given the increasing prevalence of cellular telephone use, public officials should encourage residents to register landline and cellular telephone for emergency alerts and must develop creative ways to reach immigrants and non-English-speaking groups quickly via personal networks.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000296362300012

    View details for PubMedID 22003141

  • Quality-of-Care Indicators for Children With Sickle Cell Disease PEDIATRICS Wang, C. J., Kavanagh, P. L., Little, A. A., Holliman, J. B., Sprinz, P. G. 2011; 128 (3): 484-493

    Abstract

    To develop a set of quality-of-care indicators for the management of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) who are cared for in a variety of settings by addressing the broad spectrum of complications relevant to their illness.We used the Rand/University of California Los Angeles appropriateness method, a modified Delphi method, to develop the indicators. The process included a comprehensive literature review with ratings of the evidence and 2 rounds of anonymous ratings by an expert panel (nominated by leaders of various US academic societies and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute). The panelists met face-to-face to discuss each indicator in between the 2 rounds.The panel recommended 41 indicators that cover 18 topics; 17 indicators described routine health care maintenance, 15 described acute or subacute care, and 9 described chronic care. The panel identified 8 indicators most likely to have a large positive effect on improving quality of life and/or health outcomes for children with SCD, which covered 6 topics: timely assessment and treatment of pain and fever; comprehensive planning; penicillin prophylaxis; transfusion; and the transition to adult care.Children with SCD are at risk for serious morbidities and early mortality, yet efforts to assess and improve the quality of their care have been limited compared with other chronic childhood conditions. This set of 41 indicators can be used to assess quality of care and provide a starting point for quality-improvement efforts.

    View details for DOI 10.1542/peds.2010-1791

    View details for Web of Science ID 000295406100043

    View details for PubMedID 21844055

  • Translating scientific advances to improved outcomes for children with sickle cell disease: a timely opportunity. Pediatric blood & cancer Raphael, J. L., Kavanagh, P. L., Wang, C. J., Mueller, B. U., Zuckerman, B. 2011; 56 (7): 1005-1008

    Abstract

    Despite the recent advances made in the care of children with sickle cell disease (SCD), premature mortality, especially among older children and young adults, remains a hallmark of this disease. The lack of survival gains highlights the translational gap of implementing innovations found efficacious in the controlled trial setting into routine clinical practice. Health services research (HSR) examines the most effective ways to finance, organize, and deliver high quality care in an equitable manner. To date, HSR has been underutilized as a means to improve the outcomes for children with SCD. Emerging national priorities in health care delivery, new sources of funding, and evolving electronic data collection systems for patients with SCD have provided a unique opportunity to overcome the translational gap in pediatric SCD. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive HSR agenda to create patient-specific evidence of clinical effectiveness for interventions used in the routine care setting, understand the barriers faced by clinicians to providing high quality care, assess and improve the interactions of patients with the health care system, and measure the quality of care delivered to increase survival for all children and young adults with SCD.

    View details for DOI 10.1002/pbc.23059

    View details for PubMedID 21488152

  • Can State Early Intervention Programs Meet the Increased Demand of Children Suspected of Having Autism Spectrum Disorders? JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS Wise, M. D., Little, A. A., Holliman, J. B., Wise, P. H., Wang, C. J. 2010; 31 (6): 469-476

    Abstract

    To determine whether Early Intervention programs have the capacity to accommodate the expected increase in referrals following the American Academy of Pediatrics' 2007 recommendation for universal screening of 18- and 24-month-old children for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).We conducted a telephone survey of all state and territory early. Intervention coordinators about the demand for ASD evaluations, services, and program capacity. We used multivariate models to examine state-level factors associated with the capacity to serve children with ASD.Fifty-two of the 57 coordinators (91%) responded to the survey. Most states reported an increase in demand for ASD-related evaluations (65%) and services (58%) since 2007. In addition, 46% reported that their current capacity poses a challenge to meeting the 45-day time limit for creating the Individualized Family Service Plan. Many states reported that they have shortages of ASD-related personnel, including behavioral therapists (89%), speech-language pathologists (82%), and occupational therapists (79%). Among states that reported the number of service hours (n = 34) 44% indicated that children with ASD receive 5 or fewer weekly service hours. Multivariate models showed that states with a higher percentage of African-American and Latino children were more likely to have provider shortages whereas states with higher population densities were more likely to offer a greater number of service hours.Many Early Intervention programs may not have the capability to address the expected increase in demand for ASD services. Early Intervention programs will likely need enhanced resources to provide all children with suspected ASD with appropriate evaluations and services.

    View details for DOI 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181e56db2

    View details for Web of Science ID 000279648300002

    View details for PubMedID 20585267

  • Payment Reform for Safety-Net Institutions -- Improving Quality and Outcomes. NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE Wang, C. J., Conroy, K. N., Zuckerman, B. 2009; 361 (19): 1821-1823

    View details for Web of Science ID 000271405800003

    View details for PubMedID 19890124

  • Perceptions of Standards-based Electronic Prescribing Systems as Implemented in Outpatient Primary Care: A Physician Survey Annual Conference of the Agency-for-Healthcare-Research-and-Quality Wang, C. J., Patel, M. H., Schueth, A. J., Bradley, M., Wu, S., Crosson, J. C., Glassman, P. A., Bell, D. S. BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. 2009: 493?502

    Abstract

    OBJECTIVE To compare the experiences of e-prescribing users and nonusers regarding prescription safety and workload and to assess the use of information from two e-prescribing standards (for medication history and formulary and benefit information), as they are implemented. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey of physicians who either had installed or were awaiting installation of one of two commercial e-prescribing systems. MEASUREMENTS Perceptions about medication history and formulary and benefit information among all respondents, and among e-prescribing users, experiences with system usability, job performance impact, and amount of e-prescribing. RESULTS Of 395 eligible physicians, 228 (58%) completed the survey. E-prescribers (n = 139) were more likely than non-e-prescribers (n = 89) to perceive that they could identify clinically important drug-drug interactions (83 versus 67%, p = 0.004) but not that they could identify prescriptions from other providers (65 versus 60%, p = 0.49). They also perceived no significant difference in calls about drug coverage problems (76 versus 71% reported getting 10 or fewer such calls per week; p = 0.43). Most e-prescribers reported high satisfaction with their systems, but 17% had stopped using the system and another 46% said they sometimes reverted to handwriting for prescriptions that they could write electronically. The volume of e-prescribing was correlated with perceptions that it enhanced job performance, whereas quitting was associated with perceptions of poor usability. CONCLUSIONS E-prescribing users reported patient safety benefits but they did not perceive the enhanced benefits expected from using standardized medication history or formulary and benefit information. Additional work is needed for these standards to have the desired effects.

    View details for DOI 10.1197/jamia.M2998

    View details for Web of Science ID 000267995500009

    View details for PubMedID 19390106

  • Factors Influencing the Enrollment of Eligible Extremely-Low-Birth-Weight Children in the Part C Early Intervention Program ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS Wang, C. J., Elliott, M. N., Rogowski, J., Lim, N., Ratner, J. A., Schuster, M. A. 2009; 9 (4): 283-287

    Abstract

    To determine whether eligible extremely-low-birth-weight children (<1000 g) were enrolled in the federally enacted, state-coordinated Early Intervention (EI) program intended to help children with developmental delay or disability regardless of parental income, and the factors associated with enrollment.Retrospective analysis of 884 EI-eligible ELBW children born in South Carolina with birth weight 401 to 999 g, gestation > or =24 weeks, and survival for the first 120 days of life. We created a linked data set with data from Early Intervention (1996-2001), Vital Records (1996-1998), death certificates, and Medicaid. Each child was followed from birth to 3 years old, the program eligibility period.A total of 54% of ELBW children were enrolled in EI at any time from birth to 36 months. Even among children ever enrolled in Medicaid (83% of all ELBW children), only 63% were enrolled in EI. Being born in a multiple gestational birth, having heavier birth weight (750 to 999 g), and having ever enrolled in Medicaid were positively associated with EI enrollment. Among Medicaid patients for whom perinatal data were available, additional risk adjustment showed that EI enrollment was more likely with birth in level 3 hospitals, birth weight 750 to 999 g, Neonatal Medical Index severity level V (most severe), and longer initial length of hospital stay.Only about half of eligible ELBW children in South Carolina were enrolled-much lower than reported elsewhere. Efforts are needed to understand why eligible infants are not being enrolled and to develop strategies to remedy the situation.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000275913200014

    View details for PubMedID 19482532

  • Quality indicators and quality assessment in child health ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD Kavanagh, P. L., Adams, W. G., Wang, C. J. 2009; 94 (6): 458-463

    Abstract

    Quality indicators are systematically developed statements that can be used to assess the appropriateness of specific healthcare decisions, services and outcomes. In this review, the range and type of indicators that have been developed for children in the UK and USA by prominent governmental agencies and private organisations are highlighted. These indicators are classified in an effort to identify areas of child health that may lack quality measures. The current state of health information technology in both countries is reviewed, since these systems are vital to quality efforts. Finally, several recommendations are proposed to advance the quality indicator development agenda for children. The convergence of quality measurement and indicator development, a growing scientific evidence base and integrated information systems in healthcare may lead to substantial improvements for child health in the 21st century.

    View details for DOI 10.1136/adc.2008.137893

    View details for Web of Science ID 000266272100014

    View details for PubMedID 19307196

    View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2774840

  • Adherence to Quality Indicators and Survival in Patients With Breast Cancer MEDICAL CARE Cheng, S. H., Wang, C. J., Lin, J., Horng, C., Lu, M., Asch, S. M., Hilborne, L. H., Liu, M., Chen, C., Huang, A. T. 2009; 47 (2): 217-225

    Abstract

    International initiatives increasingly advocate physician adherence to clinical protocols that have been shown to improve outcomes, yet the process-outcome relationship for adhering to breast cancer care protocol is unknown.This study explores whether 100% adherence to a set of quality indicators applied to individuals with breast cancer is associated with better survival.Ten quality indicators (4 diagnosis-related and 6 treatment-related indicators) were used to measure the quality of care in 1378 breast cancer patients treated from 1995 to 2001. Adherence to each indicator was based on the number of procedures performed divided by the number of patients eligible for that procedure. The main analysis of adherence was dichotomous (ie, 100% adherence vs. <100% adherence).The outcome measures studied were 5-year overall survival and progression-free survival, calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox's proportional hazard regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses.Most patients received care that demonstrated good adherence to the quality indicators. Multivariate analysis revealed that 100% adherence to entire set of quality indicators was significantly associated with better overall survival [hazard ratio (HR): 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33-0.63] and progression-free survival (HR 0.51; 95% CI, 0.39-0.67). One hundred percent adherence to treatment indicators alone was also associated with statistically significant improvements in overall and progression-free survivals.Our study strongly supports that 100% adherence to evidence supported quality-of-care indicators is associated with better survival rates for breast cancer patients and should be a priority for practitioners.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000262913200012

    View details for PubMedID 19169123

  • Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center: Breast Cancer Care in Taiwan Harvard Business Review Porter, M. E., Barron, J. F., Wang, C. J. 2009
  • Variation in electronic prescribing implementation among twelve ambulatory practices JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE Crosson, J. C., Isaacson, N., Lancaster, D., McDonald, E. A., Schueth, A. J., DiCicco-Bloom, B., Newman, J. L., Wang, C. J., Bell, D. S. 2008; 23 (4): 364-371

    Abstract

    Electronic prescribing has been advocated as an important tool for improving the safety and quality of medication use in ambulatory settings. However, widespread adoption of e-prescribing in ambulatory settings has yet to be realized. The determinants of successful implementation and use in these settings are not well understood.To describe the practice characteristics associated with implementation and use of e-prescribing in ambulatory settings.Multi-method qualitative case study of ambulatory practices before and after e-prescribing implementation.Sixteen physicians and 31 staff members working in 12 practices scheduled for implementation of an e-prescribing program and purposively sampled to ensure a mix of practice size and physician specialty.Field researchers used observational and interview techniques to collect data on prescription-related clinical workflow, information technology experience, and expectations.Five practices fully implemented e-prescribing, 3 installed but with only some prescribers or staff members using the program, 2 installed and then discontinued use, 2 failed to install. Compared to practice members in other groups, members of successful practices exhibited greater familiarity with the capabilities of health information technologies and had more modest expectations about the benefits likely to accrue from e-prescribing. Members of unsuccessful practices reported limited understanding of e-prescribing capabilities, expected that the program would increase the speed of clinical care and reported difficulties with technical aspects of the implementation and insufficient technical support.Practice leaders should plan implementation carefully, ensuring that practice members prepare for the effective integration of this technology into clinical workflow.

    View details for DOI 10.1007/s11606-007-0494-8

    View details for Web of Science ID 000254456400004

    View details for PubMedID 18373131

  • Communication of positive newborn screening results for sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait: Variation across states AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS Kavanagh, P. L., Wang, C. J., Therrell, B. L., Sprinz, P. G., Bauchner, H. 2008; 148C (1): 15-22

    Abstract

    In the US, all states and the District of Columbia have universal newborn screening (NBS) programs for sickle cell disease (SCD), which also identify sickle cell trait (trait). In this project, we surveyed follow-up coordinators, including one in the District of Columbia and two in Georgia, about protocols for stakeholder notification for SCD and trait. The primary outcomes were total number and type of stakeholder informed of a positive screen. We received 52 completed surveys (100% response). Primary care providers (PCPs) (100%), hematologists (81%), hospitals (73%), and families (40%) were the most commonly notified stakeholders of positive SCD screens, while PCPs (88%), hospitals (63%), and families (37%) were most commonly notified for trait. On average, 3.4 stakeholders were notified for a positive screening for SCD, compared to 2.4 stakeholders for sickle cell trait (P < 0.001). In multivariate analyses for SCD, we found a 2.9% increase in stakeholders notified for each additional year of universal screening mandated in a state (95% CI: 1.4-4.4%). For trait, we found an 8.5% increase in stakeholders notified for each additional follow-up staff (95% CI: 1.3-15.7%), and a 1.3% increase for each additional percent of black births in the state (95% CI: 0.1-2.5%). Wide variation exists in stakeholder notification by NBS programs of positive screenings for SCD and trait. This variation may alter the effectiveness of NBS programs by location of birth.

    View details for DOI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30160

    View details for Web of Science ID 000253482500003

    View details for PubMedID 18200513

  • Population-based assessments of ophthalmologic and audiologic follow-up in children with very low birth weight enrolled in medicaid: A quality-of-care study PEDIATRICS Wang, C. J., Elliott, M. N., McGlynn, E. A., Brook, R. H., Schuster, M. A. 2008; 121 (2): E278-E285

    Abstract

    The purpose of our work was to determine whether children with very low birth weight (< 1500 g) who are at high risk for vision and hearing problems and enrolled in Medicaid receive recommended follow-up vision and hearing services and to examine predictors of services.We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2182 children born in South Carolina from 1996 to 1998 with birth weights of 401 to 1499 g, gestations of > or = 24 weeks, and survival of > or = 90 days of life. Receipt of services for Medicaid-enrolled children was assessed by using a linked data set that included files from vital records, death certificates, Medicaid, Chronic Rehabilitative Services, and the Early Intervention Program. We assessed the receipt of hearing rehabilitation by 6 months of age for children with nonconductive hearing loss and routine ophthalmologic examination between ages of 1 and 2 years for all children with very low birth weight. Multivariate logistic regression was restricted to ophthalmologic examinations because of sample size.Among children with very low birth weight with nonconductive hearing loss, 20% received hearing rehabilitation by 6 months of age. Twenty-three percent of children with very low birth weight received an ophthalmologic examination between the ages of 1 and 2 years. Limiting our analysis to children < 1000 g or extending the measurement period to 7 months (hearing) and age 3 years (vision) did not substantially increase the percentage of children receiving the services. The receipt of an ophthalmologic examination was associated positively with Medicaid enrollment by the time of hospital discharge and birth in a level-3 hospital and negatively associated with higher birth weight, an Apgar score of > or = 7, and black maternal race. Among children born at < 1000 g, all of whom were eligible for the Early Intervention Program, the receipt of an ophthalmologic examination was positively associated with program enrollment.There is a shortfall in the provision of critical services for children with very low birth weight. These findings reinforce the Institute of Medicine's concerns regarding inadequate outcome data and health care services for preterm infants and support the importance of enrollment in the Early Intervention Program for children with very low birth weight.

    View details for DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-0136

    View details for Web of Science ID 000252877600045

    View details for PubMedID 18245402

  • Picking up where Reform Left off in Taiwan - Response for Davis and Huang Annals of Internal Medicine Wang, C. J. 2008
  • Pilot Testing of Electronic Prescribing Standards Bell, D. S., Schueth, A. J., Crosson, J. C., Guinan, J. P., Wu, S., Pevnick, J. M., Wang, C. J., Neuman, S. L., Patel, M., Park, H., Tysinger, B., Malakar, C. L., Schoeff, D., Bradley, M., Newberry, S. J. Report to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2007
  • Primary Care Follow-up of Neurodevelopmental Status of Premature Infants Contemporary Pediatrics Vanderbilt, D., Wang, C. J., Parker, S. 2007; 24 (9)
  • Quality-of-care indicators for the neurodevelopmental follow-up of very low birth weight children: Results of an expert panel process PEDIATRICS Wang, C. J., McGlynn, E. A., Brook, R. H., Leonard, C. H., Piecuch, R. E., Hsueh, S. I., Schuster, M. A. 2006; 117 (6): 2080-2092

    Abstract

    To develop a set of quality indicators for the neurodevelopmental follow-up care of very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) children.We reviewed the scientific literature on predictors of neurodevelopmental outcomes for VLBW children and the clinical practice guidelines relevant to their care after hospital discharge. An expert panel with members nominated by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the Vermont Oxford Network, and the California Children's Service was convened. We used a modified Delphi method to evaluate and select the quality-of-care indicators.The panel recommended a total of 70 indicators in 5 postdischarge follow-up areas: general care; physical health; vision, hearing, speech, and language; developmental and behavioral assessment; and psychosocial issues. Of these, 58 (83%) indicators were in preventive care, 5 (7%) were in acute care, and 7 (10%) were in chronic care.The quality indicators cover follow-up care for VLBW infants with various medical conditions. Given the elevated rates of long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities and the potential impact of poor health care, this new set of indicators provides an opportunity to assess and monitor the quality of follow-up care with the ultimate aim of improving the quality of care for this high-risk population.

    View details for Web of Science ID 000237979000027

    View details for PubMedID 16740851

  • Functional characteristics of commercial ambulatory electronic prescribing systems: A field study JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION Wang, C. J., Marken, R. S., Meili, R. C., Straus, J. B., Landman, A. B., Bell, D. S. 2005; 12 (3): 346-356

    Abstract

    To compare the functional capabilities being offered by commercial ambulatory electronic prescribing systems with a set of expert panel recommendations.A descriptive field study of ten commercially available ambulatory electronic prescribing systems, each of which had established a significant market presence. Data were collected from vendors by telephone interview and at sites where the systems were functioning through direct observation of the systems and through personal interviews with prescribers and technical staff.The capabilities of electronic prescribing systems were compared with 60 expert panel recommendations for capabilities that would improve patient safety, health outcomes, or patients' costs. Each recommended capability was judged as having been implemented fully, partially, or not at all by each system to which the recommendation applied. Vendors' claims about capabilities were compared with the capabilities found in the site visits.On average, the systems fully implemented 50% of the recommended capabilities, with individual systems ranging from 26% to 64% implementation. Only 15% of the recommended capabilities were not implemented by any system. Prescribing systems that were part of electronic health records (EHRs) tended to implement more recommendations. Vendors' claims about their systems' capabilities had a 96% sensitivity and a 72% specificity when site visit findings were considered the gold standard.The commercial electronic prescribing marketplace may not be selecting for capabilities that would most benefit patients. Electronic prescribing standards should include minimal functional capabilities, and certification of adherence to standards may need to take place where systems are installed and operating.

    View details for DOI 10.1197/jamia.M1759

    View details for Web of Science ID 000229384600014

    View details for PubMedID 15684122

  • Doctors? Orders: Better Electronic Prescribing Systems Could Improve Care Bell, D. S., Wang, C. J. RAND Review. (Summer Issue).. 2005
  • Analysis of healthcare interventions that change patient trajectories Bigelow, J. H., Fonkych, K., Fung, C., Wang, J. MG408. 2005
  • Recommendations for comparing electronic prescribing systems: results of an expert consensus process. Health affairs Bell, D. S., Marken, R. S., Meili, R. C., Wang, C. J., Rosen, M., Brook, R. H. 2004: W4-305 17

    Abstract

    Commercially available electronic prescribing systems may differ in their effects on patients' health outcomes and on patients' ability to manage costs. An expert panel convened to recommend specific features that would enable electronic prescribing systems to advance these goals. The panel authored sixty recommendations and rated each using a modified Delphi process. Ratings identified fifty-two recommendations as clearly positive for patient safety and health outcomes and forty-three recommendations as achievable in the average clinician's office within three years. Overall, these recommendations offer a synthesis of evidence and expert opinion that can help guide the development of electronic prescribing policy.

    View details for PubMedID 15451979

  • Insuring Taiwan?s Health The McKinsey Quarterly Huang, A. T., Wang, C. J., Yaung, C. L. 2001; 4 (Emerging Markets)
  • From Taiwan to Harvard II: So You Want to be a Doctor (Chinese book published in Taiwan) Wang, C. J. 1999
  • From Taiwan to Harvard: Experiences of an Immigrant Student in America (in Chinese) Wang, C. J. Chiu-Ko and Chien-Hsing Publishing Companies. 1995
  • Generation of a High Titre Retroviral Vector Capable of Expressing High Levels of the Human Beta-globin Gene Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Sadelain, M. W., Wang, C. J., Antoniou, M., Grosveld, F., Mulligan, R. C. 1995; 92: 6728-6732
  • SALIVARY AMYLASE ACTIVITY OF THE AGED GERONTOLOGY Wang, C. H., WOOLFOLK, C. A. 1990; 36 (4): 193-198

    Abstract

    Previous studies from America and Japan have reported that salivary amylase activity was reduced in the elderly. In contrast to these studies, a recent Chinese study reported an increase in salivary amylase activity in the aged. Our study examined approximately equal numbers of Chinese and non-Chinese Americans. The concentration of salivary amylase was estimated from the activity obtained with a colormetric coupled assay utilizing 4NP-G7. Activity was found to be increased in the aged. Our data are discussed with respect to the claims of the previous studies.

    View details for Web of Science ID A1990EM62300002

    View details for PubMedID 1703102

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