Grant Miller

Journal Articles

• Learning about New Technologies through Social Networks: Experimental Evidence on Non-Traditional Stoves in Bangladesh Bulletin of the World Health Organization Miller, N. G., Bauhoff, S., Mohanan, M., Forgia, G. L., Babiarz, K. S., Singh, K. 2015: Forthcoming
• An Exploration of China's Mortality Decline under Mao: A Provincial Analysis, 1950-1980 Population Studies Miller, N. G., Eggleston, K., Babiarz, K. S., Zhang, Q. 2015: Forthcoming
• Risk Protection, Service Use, and Health Outcomes under Colombia's Health Insurance Program for the Poor AMERICAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL-APPLIED ECONOMICS Miller, G., Pinto, D., Vera-Hernandez, M. 2013; 5 (4): 61-91

  View details for DOI 10.1257/app.5.4.61

  View details for Web of Science ID 000325754600003

• “To Promote Adoption of Household Health Technologies, Think Beyond Health” [Commentary] American Journal of Public Health Grant Miller, Mark Thurber, Christina Warner, Lauren Platt, Alexander Slaski, Rajesh Gupta : Forthcoming
• Pay-for-Performance Incentives in Low- and Middle-Income Country Health Programs" in Tony Cuyler (ed.) Encyclopedia of Health Economics, Elsevier Grant Miller, Kimberly Singer Babiarz : Forthcoming
• The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis American Economic Journal: Applied Economics Jay Bhattacharya, C. G. 2013; 5 (2): 232-260
• Effectiveness of provider incentives for anaemia reduction in rural China: a cluster randomised trial BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL Miller, G., Luo, R., Zhang, L., Sylvia, S., Shi, Y., Foo, P., Zhao, Q., Martorell, R., Medina, A., Rozelle, S. 2012; 345

  Abstract

  To test the impact of provider performance pay for anaemia reduction in rural China.A cluster randomised trial of information, subsidies, and incentives for school principals to reduce anaemia among their students. Enumerators and study participants were not informed of study arm assignment.72 randomly selected rural primary schools across northwest China.3553 fourth and fifth grade students aged 9-11 years. All fourth and fifth grade students in sample schools participated in the study.Sample schools were randomly assigned to a control group, with no intervention, or one of three treatment arms: (a) an information arm, in which principals received information about anaemia; (b) a subsidy arm, in which principals received information and unconditional subsidies; and (c) an incentive arm, in which principals received information, subsidies, and financial incentives for reducing anaemia among students. Twenty seven schools were assigned to the control arm (1816 students at baseline, 1623 at end point), 15 were assigned to the information arm (659 students at baseline, 596 at end point), 15 to the subsidy arm (726 students at baseline, 667 at end point), and 15 to the incentive arm (743 students at baseline, 667 at end point).Student haemoglobin concentrations.Mean student haemoglobin concentration rose by 1.5 g/L (95% CI -1.1 to 4.1) in information schools, 0.8 g/L (-1.8 to 3.3) in subsidy schools, and 2.4 g/L (0 to 4.9) in incentive schools compared with the control group. This increase in haemoglobin corresponded to a reduction in prevalence of anaemia (Hb <115 g/L) of 24% in incentive schools. Interactions with pre-existing incentives for principals to achieve good academic performance led to substantially larger gains in the information and incentive arms: when combined with incentives for good academic performance, associated effects on student haemoglobin concentration were 9.8 g/L (4.1 to 15.5) larger in information schools and 8.6 g/L (2.1 to 15.1) larger in incentive schools.Financial incentives for health improvement were modestly effective. Understanding interactions with other motives and pre-existing incentives is critical.ISRCTN76158086.

  View details for DOI 10.1136/bmj.e4809

  View details for Web of Science ID 000306997800001

  View details for PubMedID 22842354

• Low demand for nontraditional cookstove technologies PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Mobarak, A. M., Dwivedi, P., Bailis, R., Hildemann, L., Miller, G. 2012; 109 (27): 10815-10820

  Abstract

  Biomass combustion with traditional cookstoves causes substantial environmental and health harm. Nontraditional cookstove technologies can be efficacious in reducing this adverse impact, but they are adopted and used at puzzlingly low rates. This study analyzes the determinants of low demand for nontraditional cookstoves in rural Bangladesh by using both stated preference (from a nationally representative survey of rural women) and revealed preference (assessed by conducting a cluster-randomized trial of cookstove prices) approaches. We find consistent evidence across both analyses suggesting that the women in rural Bangladesh do not perceive indoor air pollution as a significant health hazard, prioritize other basic developmental needs over nontraditional cookstoves, and overwhelmingly rely on a free traditional cookstove technology and are therefore not willing to pay much for a new nontraditional cookstove. Efforts to improve health and abate environmental harm by promoting nontraditional cookstoves may be more successful by designing and disseminating nontraditional cookstoves with features valued more highly by users, such as reduction of operating costs, even when those features are not directly related to the cookstoves' health and environmental impacts.

  View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1115571109

  View details for Web of Science ID 000306641100027

  View details for PubMedID 22689941

• HIV Development Assistance and Adult Mortality in Africa JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Bendavid, E., Holmes, C. B., Bhattacharya, J., Miller, G. 2012; 307 (19): 2060-2067

  Abstract

  The effect of global health initiatives on population health is uncertain. Between 2003 and 2008, the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the largest initiative ever devoted to a single disease, operated intensively in 12 African focus countries. The initiative's effect on all-cause adult mortality is unknown.To determine whether PEPFAR was associated with relative changes in adult mortality in the countries and districts where it operated most intensively.Using person-level data from the Demographic and Health Surveys, we conducted cross-country and within-country analyses of adult mortality (annual probability of death per 1000 adults between 15 and 59 years old) and PEPFAR's activities. Across countries, we compared adult mortality in 9 African focus countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia) with 18 African nonfocus countries from 1998 to 2008. We performed subnational analyses using information on PEPFAR's programmatic intensity in Tanzania and Rwanda. We employed difference-in-difference analyses with fixed effects for countries and years as well as personal and time-varying area characteristics.Adult all-cause mortality.We analyzed information on 1 538 612 adults, including 60 303 deaths, from 41 surveys in 27 countries, 9 of them focus countries. In 2003, age-adjusted adult mortality was 8.3 per 1000 adults in the focus countries (95% CI, 8.0-8.6) and 8.5 per 1000 adults (95% CI, 8.3-8.7) in the nonfocus countries. In 2008, mortality was 4.1 per 1000 (95% CI, 3.6-4.6) in the focus countries and 6.9 per 1000 (95% CI, 6.3-7.5) in the nonfocus countries. The adjusted odds ratio of mortality among adults living in focus countries compared with nonfocus countries between 2004 and 2008 was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.72-0.99; P = .03). Within Tanzania and Rwanda, the adjusted odds ratio of mortality for adults living in districts where PEPFAR operated more intensively was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.72-0.97; P = .02) and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.56-0.99; P = .04), respectively, compared with districts where it operated less intensively.Between 2004 and 2008, all-cause adult mortality declined more in PEPFAR focus countries relative to nonfocus countries. It was not possible to determine whether PEPFAR was associated with mortality effects separate from reductions in HIV-specific deaths.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000304048200025

  View details for PubMedID 22665105

• The Limits of Health and Nutrition Education: Evidence from Three Randomized Controlled Trials in Rural China CESifo Economic Studies Renfu Luo, Yaojiang Shi, Linxiu Zhang, Huiping Zhang, Grant Miller, Alexis Medina, Scott Rozelle 2012; 58 (2): 385-404
• PEPFAR and Adult Mortality - Reply JAMA - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Bendavid, E., Holmes, C., Miller, N. G. 2012; 308 (10): 972-973
• Impact of China's New Cooperative Medical Scheme on Township Health Centers Health Affairs Babiarz, K. S., Miller, N. G., Hongmei, Y., Zhang, L., Rozelle, S. 2012; 31 (5): 1065-1074
• Anaemia in Rural China's Elementary Schools: Prevalence and Correlates in Ningxia and Qinghai's Poor Counties Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition Luo, R., Zhang, L., Liu, C., Zhao, Q., Shi, Y., Miller, N. G., Yu, E., Sharbano, B., Medina, A., Rozelle, S., Martorell, R. 2011
• Induced Abortion and the Mexico City Policy in Africa Bulletin of the World Health Organization Eran Bendavid, Patrick Avila, Grant Miller 2011
• AIDS and declining support for dependent elderly people in Africa: retrospective analysis using demographic and health surveys BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL Kautz, T., Bendavid, E., Bhattacharya, J., Miller, G. 2010; 340

  Abstract

  To determine the relation between the HIV/AIDS epidemic and support for dependent elderly people in Africa.Retrospective analysis using data from Demographic and Health Surveys.22 African countries between 1991 and 2006.123,176 individuals over the age of 60.We investigated how three measures of the living arrangements of older people have been affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic: the number of older individuals living alone (that is, the number of unattended elderly people); the number of older individuals living with only dependent children under the age of 10 (that is, in missing generation households); and the number of adults age 18-59 (that is, prime age adults) per household where an older person lives.An increase in annual AIDS mortality of one death per 1000 people was associated with a 1.5% increase in the proportion of older individuals living alone (95% CI 1.2% to 1.9%) and a 0.4% increase in the number of older individuals living in missing generation households (95% CI 0.3% to 0.6%). Increases in AIDS mortality were also associated with fewer prime age adults in households with at least one older person and at least one prime age adult (P<0.001). These findings suggest that in our study countries, which encompass 70% of the sub-Saharan population, the HIV/AIDS epidemic could be responsible for 582,200-917,000 older individuals living alone without prime age adults and 141,000-323,100 older individuals being the sole caregivers for young children.Africa's HIV/AIDS epidemic might be responsible for a large number of older people losing their support and having to care for young children. This population has previously been under-recognised. Efforts to reduce HIV/AIDS deaths could have large "spillover" benefits for elderly people in Africa.

  View details for DOI 10.1136/bmj.c2841

  View details for Web of Science ID 000279051900002

  View details for PubMedID 20554660

• New Evidence on the Impact of China's New Cooperative Medical Scheme and Its Implications for Rural Primary Care BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL Babiarz, K. S., Miller, N. G., Yi, H., Zhang, L., Rozelle, S. 2010; 341
• Cyclicality, Mortality, and the Value of Time: The Case of Coffee Price Fluctuations and Child Survival in Colombia Journal of Political Economy Miller NG, Urdinola P 2010; 118 (1): 113-155
• Contraception as Development? New Evidence from Family Planning in Colombia Economic Journal Miller NG 2010; 120 (545): 709-736
• The U.S. Global Health Initiative: Informing Policy with Evidence [Commentary], Journal of the American Medical Association Bendavid E, Miller NG 2010; 304 (7): 791-792
• The Relation of Price of Antiretroviral Drugs and Foreign Assistance with Coverage of HIV Treatment in Africa: Retrospective Study BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL Bendavid, E., Leroux, E., Bhattacharya, J., Miller, N. G. 2010; 341
• Women's Suffrage, Political Responsiveness, and Child Survival in American History Quarterly Journal of Economics Miller, N. G. 2008; 123 (3): 1287-1327
• Evidence on Early-Life Income and Late-Life Health from America?s Dust Bowl Era Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA Cutler, D., Miller, NG, Norton D 2007; 104 (33): 13244-13249
• Water, Water Everywhere: Municipal Finance and Water Supply in American Cities. Corruption and Reform: Lessons from America's History Cutler D, Miller NG 2006: 153-184
• The Role of Public Health Improvements in Health Advances: The 20th Century United States Demography Cutler D, Miller NG 2005; 42 (1): 1-22
• The Impact of Medicaid Managed Care on Community Clinics in Sacramento County, California American Journal of Public Health Korenbrot CC, Miller NG, Greene J 1999; 89 (6): 913-17
• Family Planning: Program Effects International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Miller, N. G., Babiarz, K. S. 0000: Forthcoming