Kate Kaplan, Ph.D.

All Publications

• Hypersomnia: an overlooked, but not overestimated, sleep disturbance in bipolar disorder. Evidence-based mental health Kaplan, K. A., Williams, R. 2017

  View details for DOI 10.1136/eb-2016-102433

  View details for PubMedID 28235881

• When a gold standard isn't so golden: Lack of prediction of subjective sleep quality from sleep polysomnography. Biological psychology Kaplan, K. A., Hirshman, J., Hernandez, B., Stefanick, M. L., Hoffman, A. R., Redline, S., Ancoli-Israel, S., Stone, K., Friedman, L., Zeitzer, J. M. 2017; 123: 37-46

  Abstract

  Reports of subjective sleep quality are frequently collected in research and clinical practice. It is unclear, however, how well polysomnographic measures of sleep correlate with subjective reports of prior-night sleep quality in elderly men and women. Furthermore, the relative importance of various polysomnographic, demographic and clinical characteristics in predicting subjective sleep quality is not known. We sought to determine the correlates of subjective sleep quality in older adults using more recently developed machine learning algorithms that are suitable for selecting and ranking important variables.Community-dwelling older men (n=1024) and women (n=459), a subset of those participating in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures study, respectively, completed a single night of at-home polysomnographic recording of sleep followed by a set of morning questions concerning the prior night's sleep quality. Questionnaires concerning demographics and psychological characteristics were also collected prior to the overnight recording and entered into multivariable models. Two machine learning algorithms, lasso penalized regression and random forests, determined variable selection and the ordering of variable importance separately for men and women.Thirty-eight sleep, demographic and clinical correlates of sleep quality were considered. Together, these multivariable models explained only 11-17% of the variance in predicting subjective sleep quality. Objective sleep efficiency emerged as the strongest correlate of subjective sleep quality across all models, and across both sexes. Greater total sleep time and sleep stage transitions were also significant objective correlates of subjective sleep quality. The amount of slow wave sleep obtained was not determined to be important.Overall, the commonly obtained measures of polysomnographically-defined sleep contributed little to subjective ratings of prior-night sleep quality. Though they explained relatively little of the variance, sleep efficiency, total sleep time and sleep stage transitions were among the most important objective correlates.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.11.010

  View details for PubMedID 27889439

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5292065

• Aberrant nocturnal cortisol and disease progression in women with breast cancer BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT Zeitzer, J. M., Nouriani, B., Rissling, M. B., Sledge, G. W., Kaplan, K. A., Aasly, L., Palesh, O., Jo, B., Neri, E., Dhabhar, F. S., Spiegel, D. 2016; 158 (1): 43-50

  Abstract

  While a relationship between disruption of circadian rhythms and the progression of cancer has been hypothesized in field and epidemiologic studies, it has never been unequivocally demonstrated. We determined the circadian rhythm of cortisol and sleep in women with advanced breast cancer (ABC) under the conditions necessary to allow for the precise measurement of these variables. Women with ABC (n = 97) and age-matched controls (n = 24) took part in a 24-h intensive physiological monitoring study involving polysomnographic sleep measures and high-density plasma sampling. Sleep was scored using both standard clinical metrics and power spectral analysis. Three-harmonic regression analysis and functional data analysis were used to assess the 24-h and sleep-associated patterns of plasma cortisol, respectively. The circadian pattern of plasma cortisol as described by its timing, timing relative to sleep, or amplitude was indistinguishable between women with ABC and age-matched controls (p's > 0.11, t-tests). There was, however, an aberrant spike of cortisol during the sleep of a subset of women, during which there was an eightfold increase in the amount of objectively measured wake time (p < 0.004, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank). This cortisol aberration was associated with cancer progression such that the larger the aberration, the shorter the disease-free interval (time from initial diagnosis to metastasis; r = -0.30, p = 0.004; linear regression). The same aberrant spike was present in a similar percent of women without ABC and associated with concomitant sleep disruption. A greater understanding of this sleep-related cortisol abnormality, possibly a vulnerability trait, is likely important in our understanding of individual variation in the progression of cancer.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10549-016-3864-2

  View details for Web of Science ID 000379494200005

  View details for PubMedID 27314577

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4938753

• Treating Insomnia Improves Mood State, Sleep, and Functioning in Bipolar Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY Harvey, A. G., Soehner, A. M., Kaplan, K. A., Hein, K., Lee, J., Kanady, J., Li, D., Rabe-Hesketh, S., Ketter, T. A., Neylan, T. C., Buysse, D. J. 2015; 83 (3): 564-577

  Abstract

  To determine if a treatment for interepisode bipolar disorder I patients with insomnia improves mood state, sleep, and functioning.Alongside psychiatric care, interepisode bipolar disorder I participants with insomnia were randomly allocated to a bipolar disorder-specific modification of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBTI-BP; n = 30) or psychoeducation (PE; n = 28) as a comparison condition. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, the end of 8 sessions of treatment, and 6 months later. This pilot was conducted to determine initial feasibility and generate effect size estimates.During the 6-month follow-up, the CBTI-BP group had fewer days in a bipolar episode relative to the PE group (3.3 days vs. 25.5 days). The CBTI-BP group also experienced a significantly lower hypomania/mania relapse rate (4.6% vs. 31.6%) and a marginally lower overall mood episode relapse rate (13.6% vs. 42.1%) compared with the PE group. Relative to PE, CBTI-BP reduced insomnia severity and led to higher rates of insomnia remission at posttreatment and marginally higher rates at 6 months. Both CBTI-BP and PE showed statistically significant improvement on selected sleep and functional impairment measures. The effects of treatment were well sustained through follow-up for most outcomes, although some decline on secondary sleep benefits was observed.CBTI-BP was associated with reduced risk of mood episode relapse and improved sleep and functioning on certain outcomes in bipolar disorder. Hence, sleep disturbance appears to be an important pathway contributing to bipolar disorder. The need to develop bipolar disorder-specific sleep diary scoring standards is highlighted.

  View details for DOI 10.1037/a0038655

  View details for Web of Science ID 000355167300013

  View details for PubMedID 25622197

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4446240

• Interventions for Sleep Disturbance in Bipolar Disorder. Sleep medicine clinics Harvey, A. G., Kaplan, K. A., Soehner, A. M. 2015; 10 (1): 101-105

  Abstract

  Bipolar disorder is a severe and chronic disorder, ranked in the top 10 leading causes of disability worldwide. Sleep disturbances are strongly coupled with interepisode dysfunction and symptom worsening in bipolar disorder. Experimental studies suggest that sleep deprivation can trigger manic relapse. There is evidence that sleep deprivation can have an adverse impact on emotion regulation the following day. The clinical management of the sleep disturbances experienced by bipolar patients, including insomnia, hypersomnia delayed sleep phase, and irregular sleep-wake schedule, may include medication approaches, psychological interventions, light therapies and sleep deprivation.

  View details for PubMedID 25750600

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4347516

• Hypersomnia Subtypes, Sleep and Relapse in Bipolar Disorder Psychological Medicine Kaplan, K. A., McGlinchey, E. L., Soehner, A. M., Gershon, A., Talbot, L. S., Eidelman, P., Gruber, J., Harvey, A. 2015
• Behavioral Treatment of Insomnia in Early Recovery JOURNAL OF ADDICTION MEDICINE Kaplan, K. A., McQuaid, J., Batki, S. L., Rosenlicht, N. 2014; 8 (6): 395-398

  View details for DOI 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000058

  View details for Web of Science ID 000345117200002

  View details for PubMedID 25369939

• An Evidence-Based Review of Insomnia Treatment in Early Recovery JOURNAL OF ADDICTION MEDICINE Kaplan, K. A., McQuaid, J., Primich, C., Rosenlicht, N. 2014; 8 (6): 389-394

  Abstract

  Accruing evidence indicates that insomnia is prevalent and persistent in early recovery from substance use disorders and may predict relapse. As such, insomnia treatment after abstinence represents an important area for intervention. This article reviews the literature on insomnia predicting new-onset alcohol and substance use disorders, along with evidence for insomnia predicting relapse in recovering populations. Pharmacological and psychological treatment options are presented, and cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia applied to recovering populations is described in detail.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000052

  View details for Web of Science ID 000345117200001

  View details for PubMedID 25369938

• Physical activity and sleep: Day-to-day associations among individuals with and without bipolar disorder MENTAL HEALTH AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY McGlinchey, E. L., Gershon, A., Eidelman, P., Kaplan, K. A., Harvey, A. G. 2014; 7 (3): 183-190

  Abstract

  To evaluate the relative role of psychopathology in the relationship between physical activity and sleep, the present study investigated the day-to-day relationship between physical activity and sleep in individuals without a psychiatric disorder and individuals with bipolar disorder using a longitudinal, naturalistic design.Participants in two groups-a healthy group with no psychiatric illness (N=36) and an inter-episode bipolar disorder group (N=32)- were studied over a two-month period. Physical health was assessed by the SF-36. Daily subjective and objective measures of physical activity and sleep were collected. A total of 6,670 physical activity measurements and 6,548 sleep measurements were logged.The bipolar disorder group exhibited poorer physical health on the SF-36 and more sleep disturbance relative to the healthy group. No group differences were found in physical activity, nor in models examining the relationship between physical activity and sleep. Hierarchical linear models indicated that for every standard deviation increase in sleep disturbance (i.e., increased total wake time), there was a three percent decrease in subsequent day physical activity, in both the healthy and bipolar groups. Increased physical activity was associated with improved sleep for participants who reported greater average sleep disturbance.The results for all participants in the study suggest that reduced physical activity and sleep difficulties may be mutually maintaining processes, particularly for individuals who suffer from poor sleep. Findings also raise the potential importance of targeting physical activity and sleep concurrently in interventions aimed at improving physical and mental health.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.mhpa.2014.05.003

  View details for Web of Science ID 000348615000010

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4260416

• Prevalence and clinical correlates of co-occurring insomnia and hypersomnia symptoms in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders Soehner, A. M., Kaplan, K. A., Harvey, A. G. 2014
• Insomnia comorbid to severe psychiatric illness. Sleep medicine clinics Soehner, A. M., Kaplan, K. A., Harvey, A. G. 2013; 8 (3): 361-371

  Abstract

  In psychiatric illness, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that sleep disturbances exert a detrimental influence on the course of these disorders and contribute to impaired function. Even when psychiatric disorders are successfully treated or stabilized, insomnia and other sleep disturbances often fail to remit. The present review focuses on sleep in two severe mental illnesses, namely bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. This article discusses the role of sleep disturbances and altered sleep architecture in relation to symptom status, functional impairment, quality of life, and the course of these disorders. Current evidence regarding pharmacological and psychological treatment approaches for insomnia in these populations is presented. This review also notes considerations for adapting Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) procedures for severe mental illness and proposes directions for future research.

  View details for PubMedID 25302060

• Treatment of sleep disturbance Clinical handbook of psychological disorders Kaplan, K. A., Harvey, A. G. Guilford Press. 2013; 5
• Cognitive therapy for insomnia Encyclopedia of Sleep Soehner, A. M., Kaplan, K. A., Kanady, J., Harvey, A. G. Academic Press. 2013: 290–295
• Behavioral treatment of insomnia in bipolar disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry Kaplan, K. A., Harvey, A. G. 2013; 7 (170): 716-720
• Restless Pillow, Ruffled Mind: Sleep and Affect Coupling in Interepisode Bipolar Disorder JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY Gershon, A., Thompson, W. K., Eidelman, P., McGlinchey, E. L., Kaplan, K. A., Harvey, A. G. 2012; 121 (4): 863-873

  Abstract

  Disturbances in sleep and affect are prominent features of bipolar disorder, even during interepisode periods. Few longitudinal studies have prospectively examined the relationship between naturally occurring sleep and affect, and no studies to date have done so during interepisode periods of bipolar disorder and using the entire set of "gold standard" sleep parameters. Participants diagnosed with bipolar I disorder who were interepisode (n = 32) and healthy controls (n = 36) completed diagnostic and symptom severity interviews, and a daily sleep and affect diary, as well as an actigraphy sleep assessment, for eight weeks (M = 54 days, ± 8 days). Mutual information analysis was used to assess the degree of statistical dependence, or coupling, between time series data of sleep and affect. As measured by actigraphy, longer sleep onset latency was coupled with higher negative affect more strongly in the bipolar group than in the control group. As measured by sleep diary, longer wakefulness after sleep onset and lower sleep efficiency were coupled with higher negative affect significantly more strongly in the bipolar group than in the control group. By contrast, there were no significant differences between groups in the degree of coupling between any measures of sleep and positive affect. Findings support the coupling of sleep disturbance and negative affect during interepisode bipolar disorder. Ongoing monitoring of sleep-affect coupling may provide an important target for intervention in bipolar disorder.

  View details for DOI 10.1037/a0028233

  View details for Web of Science ID 000311527700007

  View details for PubMedID 22845651

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3612504

• Social support and social strain in inter-episode bipolar disorder BIPOLAR DISORDERS Eidelman, P., Gershon, A., Kaplan, K., McGlinchey, E., Harvey, A. G. 2012; 14 (6): 628-640

  Abstract

  This study focused on social support and social strain and their cross-sectional associations with instabilities in sleep and social rhythms in inter-episode bipolar disorder (BD).Thirty-five adults diagnosed with inter-episode BD type I and 38 healthy controls completed measures of perceived social support and social strain. Group differences in support and strain were examined. Within the BD group, instabilities in sleep and social rhythms were assessed with 28 days of daily diary and actigraphy. Correlation and regression analyses were used to examine cross-sectional and prospective associations between social support, social strain, instabilities in sleep and social rhythms, and mood symptoms.The BD group reported lower social support and higher social strain than the control group. Additionally, social strain was positively correlated with manic and depressive symptoms in the BD group. Furthermore, there was a cross-sectional association between social support and more stable sleep on actigraphy in the BD group, although social support did not predict future sleep instability.These results indicate that inter-episode BD is associated with deficient social support and elevated social strain compared to controls, and that this may be due to persistent inter-episode mood symptoms. Social strain may be particularly important given its association with manic and depressive symptoms. The results also raise the possibility that sleep instability is related to poor social support in BD.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.01049.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000308286800006

  View details for PubMedID 22862999

• Double trouble? The effects of sleep deprivation and chronotype on adolescent affect JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY Dagys, N., McGlinchey, E. L., Talbot, L. S., Kaplan, K. A., Dahl, R. E., Harvey, A. G. 2012; 53 (6): 660-667

  Abstract

    Two understudied risk factors that have been linked to emotional difficulties in adolescence are chronotype and sleep deprivation. This study extended past research by using an experimental design to investigate the role of sleep deprivation and chronotype on emotion in adolescents. It was hypothesized that sleep deprivation and an evening chronotype would be associated with decreased positive affect (PA), increased negative affect (NA), and lower positivity ratios.  Forty-seven healthy adolescents (aged 10-15 for girls, 11-16 for boys) participated in a sleep deprivation and a rested condition. A subsample of 24 adolescents was selected on the basis of extreme morningness or eveningness scores (based on outer quartiles of scores on the Children's Morningness-Eveningness Preferences Scale). PA and NA were measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children, and positivity ratios were calculated by dividing PA by NA.  Participants reported less positive affect and lower positivity ratios when sleep deprived, relative to when rested. Evening chronotypes reported less positive affect and lower positivity ratios than morning chronotypes in both rested and sleep deprivation conditions.  These findings extend previous research by suggesting that adolescents are adversely impacted by sleep deprivation, and that an evening chronotype might serve as a useful marker of emotional vulnerability. Early intervention and prevention strategies can focus on improving sleep and on using chronotherapy principles to reduce eveningness.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02502.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000304087900007

  View details for PubMedID 22188424

• Comparison between actigraphy, polysomnography and sleep diary in individuals with bipolar disorder Bipolar Disorders Kaplan, K. A., Talbot, L. S., Gruber, J., Harvey, A. G. 2012; 14: 870-879
• Interventions for Sleep Disturbance in Bipolar Disorder. Sleep medicine and psychiatric illness. Harvey, A. G., Kaplan, K. A., Soehner, A. M. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2012
• The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Vocal Expression of Emotion in Adolescents and Adults SLEEP McGlinchey, E. L., Talbot, L. S., Chang, K., Kaplan, K. A., Dahl, R. E., Harvey, A. G. 2011; 34 (9): 1233-1241

  Abstract

  Investigate the impact of sleep deprivation on vocal expression of emotion.Within-group repeated measures analysis involving sleep deprivation and rested conditions.Experimental laboratory setting.Fifty-five healthy participants (24 females), including 38 adolescents aged 11-15 y and 17 adults aged 30-60 y.A multimethod approach was used to examine vocal expression of emotion in interviews conducted at 22:30 and 06:30. On that night, participants slept a maximum of 2 h.Interviews were analyzed for vocal expression of emotion via computerized text analysis, human rater judgments, and computerized acoustic properties. Computerized text analysis and human rater judgments indicated decreases in positive emotion in all participants at 06:30 relative to 22:30, and adolescents displayed a significantly greater decrease in positive emotion via computerized text analysis relative to adults. Increases in negative emotion were observed among all participants using human rater judgments. Results for the computerized acoustic properties indicated decreases in pitch, bark energy (intensity) in certain high frequency bands, and vocal sharpness (reduction in high frequency bands > 1000 Hz).These findings support the importance of sleep for healthy emotional functioning in adults, and further suggest that adolescents are differentially vulnerable to the emotional consequences of sleep deprivation.

  View details for DOI 10.5665/SLEEP.1246

  View details for Web of Science ID 000294481700014

  View details for PubMedID 21886361

• Hypersomnia in interepisode bipolar disorder: Does it have prognostic significance? Journal of Affective Disorders Kaplan, K. A., Gruber, J., Eidelman, P., Talbot, L. S., Harvey, A. G. 2011; 132 (3): 438-44
• Sleep Deprivation in Adolescents and Adults: Changes in Affect EMOTION Talbot, L. S., McGlinchey, E. L., Kaplan, K. A., Dahl, R. E., Harvey, A. G. 2010; 10 (6): 831-841

  Abstract

  The present study investigated the impact of sleep deprivation on several aspects of affective functioning in healthy participants selected from three different developmental periods: early adolescence (ages 10-13), midadolescence (ages 13-16), and adulthood (ages 30-60). Participants completed an affective functioning battery under conditions of sleep deprivation (a maximum of 6.5 hours total sleep time on the first night followed by a maximum of 2 hours total sleep time on the second night) and rest (approximately 7-8 hours total sleep time each night for two consecutive nights). Less positive affect was observed in the sleep-deprived, compared to rested, condition. This effect held for 9 of the 12 positive affect items on the PANAS-C. Participants also reported a greater increase in anxiety during a catastrophizing task and rated the likelihood of potential catastrophes as higher when sleep deprived, relative to when rested. Early adolescents appraised their main worry as more threatening when sleep deprived, relative to when rested. These results support and extend previous research underscoring the adverse affective consequences of sleep deprivation.

  View details for DOI 10.1037/a0020138

  View details for Web of Science ID 000286125600008

  View details for PubMedID 21058849

• Hypersomnia across mood disorders: A review and synthesis Sleep Medicine Reviews Kaplan, K. A., Harvey, A. G. 2009; 13: 275-285
• Cognitive mechanisms in chronic insomnia: Processes and prospects. Sleep Medicine Clinics Kaplan, K. A., Talbot, L. S., Harvey, A. G. 2009; 4 (4): 541-548
• Relationship between awareness of sleepiness and ability to predict sleep onset: Can drivers avoid falling asleep at the wheel? Sleep Medicine Kaplan, K. A., Itoi, A., Dement, W. C. 2007; 9 (1): 71-79
• The impact of extra sleep on daytime alertness, vigilance, and mood. Sleep Medicine Kamdar, B. B., Kaplan, K. A., Kezirian, E. J., Dement, W. C. 2004; 5: 441-448