Mindie H. Nguyen, MD, MAS, FAASLD

All Publications

• The epidemiology of NAFLD in Mainland China with analysis by adjusted gross regional domestic product: a meta-analysis. Hepatology international Wu, Y., Zheng, Q., Zou, B., Yeo, Y. H., Li, X., Li, J., Xie, X., Feng, Y., Stave, C. D., Zhu, Q., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2020

  Abstract

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and outcome of NAFLD in the large and diverse population of Mainland China.PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify published studies with NAFLD epidemiology data in adult participants (??18 years old) from Mainland China. Random effects models were used to determine pooled estimates.We screened 1,328 studies and included 167 eligible studies (participant n?=?1,486,635): 149 studies (n?=?1,350,819) for prevalence, 18 studies (n?=?147,316) for incidence, 7 studies (n?=?5446) for evolution of hepatic steatosis, and 2 studies (n?=?647) for mortality analysis. The NAFLD prevalence of the overall populations was 29.88%, with higher rates in males, increasing age and increasing gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita (all p???0.010). The prevalence was the highest in North China (36.41%; higher in Uyghur and Hui Chinese 40.86% and 34.36% vs 28.11% in Han Chinese), higher in diabetics (51.83% vs. 30.76% in non-diabetics) and in obese participants (66.21% vs. 11.72% in lean). The NAFLD incidence was 56.7 (95% CI 47.4-66.8) per 1000 person-years, higher in males and with higher GRDP per capita. The overall mortality was 7.3 (3.3-12.7) per 1000 person-years.The overall prevalence of NAFLD in Mainland China is about 30%. The highest prevalences were found among regions with higher income, North China, the non-Han ethnic minorities, diabetics, and the obese. China's NAFLD prevalence is on par with Western countries.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s12072-020-10023-3

  View details for PubMedID 32130675

• Hepatitis B Virus: Advances in Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Clinical microbiology reviews Nguyen, M. H., Wong, G., Gane, E., Kao, J. H., Dusheiko, G. 2020; 33 (2)

  Abstract

  SUMMARYCurrently, despite the use of a preventive vaccine for several decades as well as the use of effective and well-tolerated viral suppressive medications since 1998, approximately 250 million people remain infected with the virus that causes hepatitis B worldwide. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are the leading causes of liver cancer and overall mortality globally, surpassing malaria and tuberculosis. Linkage to care is estimated to be very poor both in developing countries and in high-income countries, such as the United States, countries in Western Europe, and Japan. In the United States, by CDC estimates, only one-third of HBV-infected patients or less are aware of their infection. Some reasons for these low rates of surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment include the asymptomatic nature of chronic hepatitis B until the very late stages, a lack of curative therapy with a finite treatment duration, a complex natural history, and a lack of knowledge about the disease by both care providers and patients. In the last 5?years, more attention has been focused on the important topics of HBV screening, diagnosis of HBV infection, and appropriate linkage to care. There have also been rapid clinical developments toward a functional cure of HBV infection, with novel compounds currently being in various phases of progress. Despite this knowledge, many of the professional organizations provide guidelines focused only on specific questions related to the treatment of HBV infection. This focus leaves a gap for care providers on the other HBV-related issues, which include HBV's epidemiological profile, its natural history, how it interacts with other viral hepatitis diseases, treatments, and the areas that still need to be addressed in order to achieve HBV elimination by 2030. Thus, to fill these gaps and provide a more comprehensive and relevant document to regions worldwide, we have taken a global approach by using the findings of global experts on HBV as well as citing major guidelines and their various approaches to addressing HBV and its disease burden.

  View details for DOI 10.1128/CMR.00046-19

  View details for PubMedID 32102898

• Ethnic influence on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence and lack of disease awareness in the United States, 2011-2016. Journal of internal medicine Le, M. H., Yeo, Y. H., Cheung, R., Wong, V. W., Nguyen, M. H. 2020

  Abstract

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rising global disease associated with clinical and economic burdens.We aimed to quantify NAFLD prevalence and awareness to provide stakeholders necessary information to combat NAFLD burden.This study utilizes data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016 and included 4538 adult participants who did not have heavy drinking or viral hepatitis history. The US fatty liver index defined NAFLD and NAFLD fibrosis score defined fibrosis. NAFLD awareness was captured by questionnaire.Amongst the study population of 4538 persons, NAFLD prevalence was 32.5%, lowest in non-Hispanic Blacks (18.0%) and Asians (18.1%), highest amongst Mexican Americans (48.4%). Within the NAFLD group, advanced fibrosis was highest in non-Hispanic Blacks (28.5%) and lowest amongst non-Hispanic Asians (2.7%). Of the 1473 (97.5%) NAFLD participants who answered NAFLD awareness question, 90% visited a healthcare centre at least once in the past year, but only 5.1% were aware of having NAFLD. On weighted population estimates, 77.33 million persons had NAFLD, 17.63 million had advanced fibrosis, and 73.39 million NAFLD participants were not aware of having NAFLD.Of 77.33 million people in the United States have NAFLD with 17.63 million having advanced fibrosis, with lowest prevalence in non-Hispanic Asians and highest in Mexican Americans. A conundrum exists amongst non-Hispanic Blacks who have low NAFLD prevalence but highest prevalence of advanced fibrosis. Awareness of NAFLD was low across all ethnicities. Effort is needed to improve disease awareness whilst addressing NAFLD clinical burden across ethnicities.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/joim.13035

  View details for PubMedID 32128904

• Liver Transplantation Outcomes in a U.S. Multicenter Cohort of 789 Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Presenting Beyond Milan Criteria. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Kardashian, A., Florman, S. S., Haydel, B., Ruiz, R. M., Klintmalm, G. B., Lee, D. D., Taner, C. B., Aucejo, F., Tevar, A. D., Humar, A., Verna, E. C., Halazun, K. J., Chapman, W. C., Vachharajani, N., Hoteit, M., Levine, M. H., Nguyen, M. H., Melcher, M. L., Langnas, A. N., Carney, C. A., Mobley, C., Ghobrial, M., Amundsen, B., Markmann, J. F., Sudan, D. L., Jones, C. M., Berumen, J., Hemming, A. W., Hong, J. C., Kim, J., Zimmerman, M. A., Nydam, T. L., Rana, A., Kueht, M. L., Fishbein, T. M., Markovic, D., Busuttil, R. W., Agopian, V. G. 2020

  Abstract

  The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network recently approved liver transplant (LT) prioritization for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond Milan Criteria (MC) who are downstaged (DS) with locoregional therapy (LRT). We evaluated post-LT outcomes, predictors of downstaging, and the impact of LRT in beyond-MC HCC patients from the US Multicenter HCC Transplant Consortium (20 centers, 2002-2013). Clinicopathologic characteristics, overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and HCC recurrence (HCC-R) were compared between patients within MC (n=3,570) and beyond MC (n=789) who were downstaged (DS, n=465), treated with LRT and not downstaged (LRT-NoDS, n=242), or untreated (NoLRT-NoDS, n=82). Five-year post-LT OS and RFS was higher in MC (71.3% and 68.2%) compared to DS (64.3% and 59.5%), and lowest in NoDS (n=324; 60.2% and 53.8%; overall P<0.001). DS patients had superior RFS (60% vs 54%,P=0.043) and lower 5-year HCC-R (18% vs 32%,P<0.001) compared to NoDS, with further stratification by maximum radiologic tumor diameter (5-year HCC-R of 15.5% in DS/< 5cm and 39.1% in NoDS/>5cm,P<0.001). Multivariate predictors of downstaging included alpha-fetoprotein response to LRT, pathologic tumor number and size, and wait time >12 months. LRT-NoDS had greater HCC-R compared to NoLRT-NoDS (34.1% vs 26.1%,P<0.001), even after controlling for clinicopathologic variables (HR=2.33,P<0.001) and inverse probability of treatment weighted propensity matching (HR=1.82,P<0.001). Conclusion In LT recipients with HCC presenting beyond MC, successful downstaging is predicted by wait time, alpha-fetoprotein response to LRT, and tumor burden, and results in excellent post-LT outcomes, justifying expansion of LT criteria. In LRT-NoDS patients, higher HCC-R compared to NoLRT-NoDS cannot be explained by clinicopathologic differences, suggesting a potentially aggravating role of LRT in patients with poor tumor biology that warrants further investigation.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/hep.31210

  View details for PubMedID 32124453

• Sustained virologic response to direct-acting antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY Ji, F., Yeo, Y., Wei, M., Ogawa, E., Enomoto, M., Lee, D., Iio, E., Lubel, J., Wang, W., Wei, B., Ide, T., Preda, C., Conti, F., Minami, T., Bielen, R., Sezaki, H., Barone, M., Kolly, P., Chu, P., Virlogeux, V., Eurich, D., Henry, L., Bass, M. B., Kanai, T., Dang, S., Li, Z., Dufour, J., Zoulim, F., Andreone, P., Cheung, R. C., Tanaka, Y., Furusyo, N., Toyoda, H., Tamori, A., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 71 (3): 473?85

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.04.017

  View details for Web of Science ID 000481571400005

• Chronic hepatitis B prevalence among foreign-born and US-born adults in the United States, 1999-2016. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Le, M. H., Yeo, Y. H., Cheung, R., Henry, L., Lok, A. S., Nguyen, M. H. 2019

  Abstract

  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global health problem, exacerbated by poor linkage to care. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV infection, exposure, self-reported vaccination, vaccine-induced immunity, disease awareness, and treatment in the United States (U.S.) by birthplace and race/ethnicity during 1999-2016. 47,628 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey completed HBV core antibody (anti-HBc) and surface antigen (HBsAg) tests and 47,618 adults completed HBV surface antibody (anti-HBs) and anti-HBc tests and were included in the analysis. HBV infection was defined by positive HBsAg and past exposure by positive anti-HBc. Vaccine-mediated immunity was defined by positive anti-HBs and negative anti-HBc. No significant change in the prevalence of HBV infection was observed between 1999-2016 (P=0.442), affecting 0.35% (95% CI: 0.28-0.45) or 0.84 million adults. In contrast, a significant decrease in HBV exposure and increase in vaccine-mediated immunity was observed. U.S. born had significantly lower prevalence of HBV infection and exposure as well as higher prevalence of vaccine-mediated immunity and self-reported vaccination than foreign born. Prevalence of HBV infection was highest in non-Hispanic Asians in both foreign- (3.85%, 95% CI: 2.97-4.97) and U.S.-born (0.79%, 95% CI: 0.17-3.59) persons during 2011-2016. Among infected persons, liver disease awareness was only 15.19%, and treatment rate was only 4.60%. CONCLUSION: This study revealed disparities of HBV infection among ethnic/racial groups and between U.S.-born and foreign-born persons. Awareness of liver disease and treatment rate among infected persons was dismal. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/hep.30831

  View details for PubMedID 31228279

• Prevalence, incidence, and outcome of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asia, 1999-2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Li, J., Zou, B., Yeo, Y., Feng, Y., Xie, X., Lee, D., Fujii, H., Wu, Y., Kam, L. Y., Ji, F., Li, X., Chien, N., Wei, M., Ogawa, E., Zhao, C., Wu, X., Stave, C. D., Henry, L., Barnett, S., Takahashi, H., Furusyo, N., Eguchi, Y., Hsu, Y., Lee, T., Ren, W., Qin, C., Jun, D., Toyoda, H., Wong, V., Cheung, R., Zhu, Q., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 4 (5): 389?98

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S2468-1253(19)30039-1

  View details for Web of Science ID 000463786300024

• Advancing Age and Comorbidity in a US Insured Population-Based Cohort of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B HEPATOLOGY Nguyen, M. H., Lim, J. K., Ozbay, A., Fraysse, J., Liou, I., Meyer, N., Dusheiko, G., Gordon, S. C. 2019; 69 (3): 959?73

  View details for DOI 10.1002/hep.30246

  View details for Web of Science ID 000459816500006

• Factors Associated With Rates of HBsAg Seroclearance in Adults With Chronic HBV Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis GASTROENTEROLOGY Yeo, Y., Ho, H. J., Yang, H., Tseng, T., Hosaka, T., Trinh, H. N., Kwak, M., Park, Y., Fung, J., Buti, M., Rodriguez, M., Treeprasertsuk, S., Preda, C., Ungtrakul, T., Charatcharoenwitthaya, P., Li, X., Li, J., Zhang, J., Le, M., Wei, B., Zou, B., Le, A., Jeong, D., Chien, N., Kam, L., Lee, C., Riveiro-Barciela, M., Istratescu, D., Sriprayoon, T., Chong, Y., Tanwandee, T., Kobayashi, M., Suzuki, F., Yuen, M., Lee, H., Kao, J., Lok, A. S., Wu, C., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 156 (3): 635-+

  View details for DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.10.027

  View details for Web of Science ID 000457714300026

• HCV Cure Rates are Reduced in Patients with Active but not Inactive Hepatocellular Carcinoma- A Practice Implication. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America Ogawa, E., Toyoda, H., Iio, E., Jun, D. W., Huang, C. F., Enomoto, M., Hsu, Y. C., Haga, H., Iwane, S., Wong, G., Lee, D. H., Tada, T., Liu, C. H., Chuang, W. L., Hayashi, J., Cheung, R., Yasuda, S., Tseng, C. H., Takahashi, H., Tran, S., Yeo, Y. H., Henry, L., Barnett, S. D., Nomura, H., Nakamuta, M., Dai, C. Y., Huang, J. F., Yang, H. I., Lee, M. H., Jung Jun, M., Kao, J. H., Eguchi, Y., Ueno, Y., Tamori, A., Furusyo, N., Yu, M. L., Tanaka, Y., Nguyen, M. H., Ahn, S. B., Azuma, K., Dohmen, K., Yoon Jeong, J., Jung, J. H., Kajiwara, E., Kato, M., Kawano, A., Koyanagi, T., Ooho, A., Park, S. H., Satoh, T., Shimoda, S., Song, D. S., Takahashi, K., Yeh, M. L., Yoon, E. L. 2019

  Abstract

  The cure rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for patients with active and inactive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may differ, but well-controlled studies are limited. We aimed to evaluate DAA outcomes in a large East Asian HCV/HCC population compared to HCV/non-HCC patients.Using data from the REAL-C registry (Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan), we used propensity score matching (PSM) to match HCC and non-HCC (1:1) groups for age, sex, cirrhosis, prior treatment, HCV genotype, treatment regimen, baseline platelet count, HCV RNA, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, and albumin level to evaluate DAA treatment outcomes in a large population of HCV/HCC compared to HCV/non-HCC patients.We included 6,081 patients (HCC, n=465; non-HCC, n=5,616) treated with interferon-free DAAs. PSM of the entire study population yielded 436 matched pairs with similar baseline characteristics. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall SVR rate of the HCC (92.7%) and non-HCC (95.0%) groups. Rates of treatment discontinuation, adverse effects, and death were also similar between the HCC and non-HCC groups. Among patients with HCC, those with active HCC had a lower SVR than inactive HCC cases (85.5% vs. 93.7%, P=0.03). On multivariable analysis, active HCC, but not inactive HCC, was significantly associated with lower SVR (OR 0.28, P=0.01) when compared to non-HCC.Active HCC but not inactive HCC was independently associated with lower SVR compared to non-HCC patients undergoing DAA therapy, though cure rate was still relatively high (85%) in active HCC patients.

  View details for DOI 10.1093/cid/ciz1160

  View details for PubMedID 31777940

• REAL-B (Real-world Effectiveness from the Asia Pacific Rim Liver Consortium for HBV) Risk Score for the Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated with Oral Antiviral Therapy. The Journal of infectious diseases Yang, H. I., Yeh, M. L., Wong, G. L., Peng, C. Y., Chen, C. H., Trinh, H. N., Cheung, K. S., Xie, Q., Su, T. H., Kozuka, R., Lee, D. H., Ogawa, E., Zhao, C., Ning, H. B., Huang, R., Li, J., Zhang, J. Q., Ide, T., Xing, H., Iwane, S., Takahashi, H., Wong, C., Wong, C., Lin, C. H., Hoang, J., le, A., Henry, L., Toyoda, H., Ueno, Y., Gane, E. J., Eguchi, Y., Kurosaki, M., Wu, C., Liu, C., Shang, J., Furusyo, N., Enomoto, M., Kao, J. H., Yuen, M. F., Yu, M. L., Nguyen, M. H. 2019

  Abstract

  Patients on oral antiviral (OAV) therapy remain at HCC risk. Risk prediction tools distinguishing treated patients with residual HCC risk are limited. Aim: Develop an accurate, precise, simple-to-use HCC risk score using routine clinical variables among a treated Asian cohort.Routine practice adult Asian CHB patients on OAV were recruited from 25 centers in the US and Asia-Pacific region. Excluded persons were co-infected with hepatitis C, D, or HIV, had HCC prior to or within 1 year of study entry or their follow-up was <1 year. Patients were randomized to derivation and validation cohorts on a 2:1 ratio. Statistically significant predictors from multivariate modeling formed the REAL-B score.A total of 8,048 patients were randomized to the derivation (n=5,365) or validation group (n=2,683).The REAL-B model included 7 variables (male gender, age, alcohol use, diabetes, baseline cirrhosis, platelet count, and AFP) scores were categorized as: 0-3 low risk, 4-7 moderate risk, and 8-13 high risk. AUROCs were >0.80 for HCC risk at 3, 5, and 10 years, and were significantly higher than other risk models (p<0·001).The REAL-B score provides three distinct risk categories for HCC development in Asian CHB patients on OAV guiding HCC surveillance strategy.

  View details for DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiz477

  View details for PubMedID 31550363

• Tenofovir Versus Entecavir for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prevention in an International Consortium of Chronic Hepatitis B. The American journal of gastroenterology Hsu, Y. C., Wong, G. L., Chen, C. H., Peng, C. Y., Yeh, M. L., Cheung, K. S., Toyoda, H., Huang, C. F., Trinh, H., Xie, Q., Enomoto, M., Liu, L., Yasuda, S., Tanaka, Y., Kozuka, R., Tsai, P. C., Huang, Y. T., Wong, C., Huang, R., Jang, T. Y., Hoang, J., Yang, H. I., Li, J., Lee, D. H., Takahashi, H., Zhang, J. Q., Ogawa, E., Zhao, C., Liu, C., Furusyo, N., Eguchi, Y., Wong, C., Wu, C., Kumada, T., Yuen, M. F., Yu, M. L., Nguyen, M. H. 2019

  Abstract

  It is unclear whether entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) differ in their effectiveness for preventing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).This retrospective cohort study analyzed an international consortium that encompassed 19 centers from 6 countries or regions composed of previously untreated CHB patients then treated with either ETV or TDF monotherapy. Those who developed HCC before antiviral treatment or within 1 year of therapy were excluded. The association between antiviral regimen and HCC risk was evaluated using competing-risk survival regression. We also applied propensity score matching (PSM) to 1:1 balance the 2 treatment cohorts. A total of 5,537 patients were eligible (n = 4,837 received ETV and n = 700 received TDF) and observed for HCC occurrence until December 23, 2018. Before PSM, the TDF cohort was significantly younger and had generally less advanced diseases.In the unadjusted analysis, TDF was associated with a lower risk of HCC (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.79; P = 0.005). The multivariable analysis, however, found that the association between TDF and HCC no longer existed (SHR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.42-1.56; P = 0.52) after adjustment for age, sex, country, albumin, platelet, ?-fetoprotein, cirrhosis, and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the PSM analysis (n = 1,040) found no between-cohort differences in HCC incidences (P = 0.51) and no association between regimens (TDF or ETV) and HCC risk in the multivariable-adjusted analysis (adjusted SHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.41-1.92; P = 0.77).TDF and ETV did not significantly differ in the prevention of HCC in patients with CHB.

  View details for DOI 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000428

  View details for PubMedID 31634265

• The Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis Pathway Provides a New Target for Cancer Chemotherapy. Journal of hepatology Guan, Y., Chen, X., Wu, M., Zhu, W., Arslan, A., Takeda, S., Nguyen, M. H., Majeti, R., Thomas, D., Zheng, M., Peltz, G. 2019

  Abstract

  Since iPSC human develop into hepatic organoids through stages that resemble human embryonic liver development, they can be used to study developmental processes and disease pathology. Therefore, we examined the early stages of hepatic organoid formation to identify key pathways affecting early liver development.Single cell RNA-sequencing and metabolomic analysis was performed on developing organoid cultures at the iPSC, hepatoblast (day 9) and mature organoid stage. The importance of the phosphatidyl-ethanolamine biosynthesis pathway to early liver development was examined in developing organoid cultures using iPSC with a CRISPR-mediated gene knockout and an over the counter medication (meclizine) that inhibits the rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway. Meclizine's effect on the growth of a human hepatocarcinoma cell line in a xenotransplantation model and on the growth of acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro was also examined.Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of organoid development indicated that the phosphatidyl-ethanolamine biosynthesis pathway is essential for early liver development. Unexpectedly, early hepatoblasts were selectively sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of meclizine. We demonstrate that meclizine could be repurposed for use in a new synergistic combination therapy for primary liver cancer: a glycolysis inhibitor reprograms cancer cell metabolism to make it susceptible to the cytotoxic effect of meclizine. This combination inhibited the growth of a human liver carcinoma cell line in vitro; and in a xenotransplantation model without causing significant side effets. This drug combination was also highly active against acute myeloid leukemic cells.Our data indicates that the phosphatidyl-ethanolamine biosynthesis is a targetable pathway for cancer; and that meclizine may have clinical efficacy as a repurposed anti-cancer drug when used as part of a new combination therapy.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.11.007

  View details for PubMedID 31760071

• Prevalence of viremic HCV infection by age, race/ethnicity, birthplace and disease awareness among viremic persons in the U.S., 1999-2016. The Journal of infectious diseases Zou, B., Yeo, Y. H., Le, M. H., Henry, L., Chang, E. T., Lok, A. S., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2019

  Abstract

  Though curative therapy is now available for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the United States, it is not clear if all affected persons have been diagnosed and/or linked to care.This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2016) and included 46,465 non-incarcerated and non-institutionalized participants.Viremic HCV prevalence decreased from 1.32% in 1999-2004 to 0.80% in 2011-2016, though most of the decrease occurred in U.S.-born whites and blacks but not the foreign-born or those born after 1985. In 2011-2016, approximately 1.90 million U.S. adults remained viremic with HCV, and 0.33 million were at higher risk for advanced fibrosis, but only 49.8% were aware of their HCV infection, with higher disease awareness in those with health insurance coverage and US-born persons.The prevalence of viremic HCV has decreased in recent years among U.S. born whites and blacks but not in other race/ethnicities and foreign-born persons and birth cohort born after 1985. Less than half of the viremic population was aware of having HCV infection. Improved HCV screening and linkage to care are needed, especially for the uninsured, foreign-born, birth cohort after 1985 and certain ethnic minorities.

  View details for DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiz479

  View details for PubMedID 31560391

• Cure with Interferon Free DAA is Associated with Increased Survival in Patients with HCV related HCC from both East and West. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Dang, H., Yeo, Y. H., Yasuda, S., Huang, C. F., Iio, E., Landis, C., Jun, D. W., Enomoto, M., Ogawa, E., Tsai, P. C., Le, A., Liu, M., Maeda, M., Nguyen, B., Ramrakhiani, N., Henry, L., Cheung, R., Tamori, A., Kumada, T., Tanaka, Y., Yu, M. L., Toyoda, H., Nguyen, M. H. 2019

  Abstract

  Survival data among patients with HCV-related HCC after achieving sustained virologic response (SVR) with interferon (IFN)-free direct acting antivirals (DAAs) in both Asian and western countries are limited. Survival rates were compared between HCV-related HCC patients who were untreated for HCV and those who achieved SVR. Using data from two U.S. and six Asian centers from 2005-2017, we categorized 1676 mono-infected HCV-related HCC patients into patients untreated for HCV (untreated group) and DAA-treated patients with SVR (SVR group) and matched by propensity score-matching (PSM); multivariable Cox regression with HCV treatment status as a time-varying covariate was used to determine mortality risk and landmark analysis to avoid immortal time bias. There were 1,239 untreated and 437 SVR patients. After PSM, background risks of the 321 pairs of matched patients were balanced (all P>0.05). After time-varying adjustment for HCV treatment initiation compared to untreated patients, SVR patients had significantly higher 5-year overall survival (87.78% vs. 66.05%, P<0.001). Multivariable Cox regression showed that SVR was independently associated with a 63% lower risk of 5-year all-cause mortality (HR=0.37; 95% CI: 0.16-0.83, P=0.016) and 66% lower risk of 5-year liver-related mortality (HR=0.34; 95% CI: 0.13-0.88, P=0.026) with similar trends after removing liver transplanted patients. Landmark analysis at 90, 180, and 360 days showed consistent results (HRs ranged 0.22 to 0.44, all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In this multinational consortium, HCV-related HCC patients who obtained SVR achieved a 60-70% improvement in 5-year survival (both all-cause and liver-related) compared to patients untreated for HCV. Patients eligible for HCC therapy should also be considered for DAA therapy.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/hep.30988

  View details for PubMedID 31610027

• Direct-acting antivirals in East Asian hepatitis C patients: real-world experience from the REAL-C Consortium. Hepatology international Huang, C. F., Iio, E., Jun, D. W., Ogawa, E., Toyoda, H., Hsu, Y. C., Haga, H., Iwane, S., Enomoto, M., Lee, D. H., Wong, G., Liu, C. H., Tada, T., Chuang, W. L., Cheung, R., Hayashi, J., Tseng, C. H., Yasuda, S., Tran, S., Kam, L., Henry, L., Jeong, J. Y., Nomura, H., Park, S. H., Nakamuta, M., Huang, J. F., Tai, C. M., Lo, G. H., Lee, M. H., Yang, H. I., Kao, J. H., Tamori, A., Eguchi, Y., Ueno, Y., Furusyo, N., Tanaka, Y., Yu, M. L., Nguyen, M. H. 2019

  Abstract

  One-third of the global hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden is found in Asia. Real-world data from diverse East Asian cohorts remain limited. This study addressed the real-world status of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy among patients from East Asia.Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients from clinical sites in Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, and Hong Kong were recruited in the REAL-C registry, an observational chart review registry. The primary outcome was sustained virologic response (SVR12, HCV RNA PCR?

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s12072-019-09974-z

  View details for PubMedID 31463665

• Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs by Disease Severity in an Insured National Sample of US Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B. Journal of hepatology Nguyen, M. H., Ozbay, A. B., Liou, I., Meyer, N., Gordon, S. C., Dusheiko, G., Lim, J. K. 2018

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND/AIM: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) affects over 2 million people in the United States (US), with little reported on healthcare utilization and cost. We aimed to quantify annual CHB utilization and costs by disease severity and payer type.METHODS: Using Commercial, Medicare, and Medicaid databases from 2004 to 2015 and ICD9 codes, we retrospectively identified CHB adults analyzing all-cause inpatient, outpatient, and pharmaceutical utilization and costs by disease severity. We compared healthcare utilization and costs between CHB patients without advanced liver disease to matched non-CHB patients. All-cause inpatient, outpatient, and pharmaceutical utilization and costs were reported for each year and adjusted to 2015 dollars.RESULTS: Our sample consisted of 33,904 CHB cases and 86,072 non-CHB controls. All-cause inpatient admissions (average stay 6-10 days) were more frequent in advanced liver disease states. Across all payers, patients with decompensated cirrhosis had the highest emergency department utilization (1.6-2.8 annual visits) and highest mean annual costs. The largest all-cause cost components for Commercial and Medicaid were inpatient costs for all advanced liver disease groups (Commercial: 62%, 47%, 68%; Medicaid: 81%, 72%, 74%, respectively), and decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma groups for Medicare (Medicare 49% and 48%). In addition, compensated liver disease patients had three times the cost of non-CHB controls.CONCLUSION: CHB patients, regardless of payer, who experienced decompensated cirrhosis, HCC, or a liver transplant incurred the highest annual costs and utilization of healthcare resources but even patients with CHB compensated liver disease incurred higher costs compared to those without CHB. All stakeholders in disease management need to combine efforts to prevent infection and advanced liver disease through improved vaccination rates, earlier diagnosis, and treatment.LAY SUMMARY: Hepatitis B virus can be a progressive disease leading to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplant, and death. These progressive disease states are associated with a higher rate of hospitalizations, emergency room visits, outpatient visits, and costs compared to similar patients without hepatitis B. The most ill patients have the highest costs, but even less sick patients experience high costs compared to patients without hepatitis B.

  View details for PubMedID 30287341

• The prevalence of undetectable vaccine-induced immunity against hepatitis B virus in US adults at high risk for infection. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Yeo, Y. H., Le, M. H., Chang, E. T., Henry, L., Nguyen, M. H. 2018

  Abstract

  In 2015, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported a substantial increase in the number of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in the United States (US). Although national guidelines recommend vaccination of adults at high risk for HBV infection, the prevalence of undetectable immunity (i.e., susceptibility) in this population remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed a nationally representative sample using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to evaluate the prevalence, trend, and predictors of undetectable vaccine-induced antibodies against HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs <10 mIU/mL) among high-risk adults from 2003-2014. Among adults at high risk for HBV infection, the prevalence of undetectable immunity decreased from 83.2% in 2003-2004 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 81.3-85.0) to 69.4% (about 64 million) in 2013-2014 (95% CI: 66.0-72.6). The prevalence decreased significantly in individuals with multiple sex partners or sexually transmitted disease and in pregnant women. However, there were no significant changes in men who have sex with men (MSMs), injection drug users (IDUs), hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected and diabetes mellitus (DM)-patients, and those with elevated aspartate aminotransferase/ alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT). Mexican Americans had the highest prevalence of undetectable immunity (77.6%, 95% CI: 72.6-81.9%), followed by non-Hispanic whites (70.1%, 95% CI: 66.9-73.1%). Older age, lower socioeconomic status, and having ?1 high-risk factor(s) were associated with a higher risk of undetectable immunity, whereas an increased risk among the foreign-born disappeared after multivariable adjustment. In conclusion, around 64 million high-risk adults in the US remain susceptible to HBV infection, especially MSMs, IDUs, diabetics, HCV patients, and populations with elevated AST/ALT. To eliminate HBV, efforts should be made to increase screening and vaccination in high-risk adults. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  View details for PubMedID 30246260

• Advancing age and comorbidity in a United States insured population-based cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Nguyen, M. H., Lim, J. K., Ozbay, A. B., Fraysse, J., Liou, I., Meyer, N., Dusheiko, G., Gordon, S. C. 2018

  Abstract

  Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) comorbidity data are limited. Using insurance claims databases, our aims were to determine the prevalence and incidence of non-liver comorbidities in CHB patients over time and the predictors of select comorbidities in CHB patients. Patients were adults with continuous coverage (Commercial/Medicare or Medicaid) 6 months prior to and after the first CHB diagnosis and matched non-CHB patients. Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index (DCCI) and comorbidities were analyzed (cardiovascular disease [CVD], carcinoma, diabetes [DM], obesity, hypertension [HTN], hyperlipidemia [HPL], alcohol use, renal impairment [RI], chronic kidney disease and [CKD]osteoporosis/fracture [OF]). Study population included 44,026 CHB cases and 121,568 matched controls. CHB patient mean age increased from 48.1±11.9 in 2006 to 51.8±12.4 years in 2015 for Commercial/Medicare and 44.1±11.1 to 50.2±10.2 years for Medicaid (P<0.001 for both). The Medicaid CHB cohort was the sickest (DCCI=2.6, P<0.001). The Commercial/Medicare 2006 CKD prevalence rate was 36.1/1000 in CHB and 10.2/1000 in controls, increasing to 97.6 and 38.8 in 2015, respectively. The 2006 CKD incidence (per 1,000 person-years) was 10.3 and 4.8; 15.2 and 11.3 by 2015, respectively (P<0.05 for all). Strongest predictors for CKD were: DM (HR: 2.48), HTN (HR: 3.29), and CVD (HR: 2.61) (all P<0.0001). Similar prevalence and incidence changes were observed for OF. Strongest predictors for OF were female (HR: 2.22), alcohol use (HR: 2.02), and viral coinfection (HR: 1.37) (all P<0.0001).CONCLUSION: Insured CHB patients were older with more comorbidities and experienced higher incidence and prevalence of CKD and OF than controls. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  View details for PubMedID 30175482

• Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study. The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology 2018; 3 (6): 383?403

  Abstract

  The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030. Although no virological cure exists for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, existing therapies to control viral replication and prophylaxis to minimise mother-to-child transmission make elimination of HBV feasible. We aimed to estimate the national, regional, and global prevalence of HBsAg in the general population and in the population aged 5 years in 2016, as well as coverage of prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment.In this modelling study, we used a Delphi process that included a literature review in PubMed and Embase, followed by interviews with experts, to quantify the historical epidemiology of HBV infection. We then used a dynamic HBV transmission and progression model to estimate the country-level and regional-level prevalence of HBsAg in 2016 and the effect of prophylaxis and treatment on disease burden.We developed models for 120 countries, 78 of which were populated with data approved by experts. Using these models, we estimated that the global prevalence of HBsAg in 2016 was 3·9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·4-4·6), corresponding to 291?992?000 (251?513?000-341?114?000) infections. Of these infections, around 29 million (10%) were diagnosed, and only 4·8 million (5%) of 94 million individuals eligible for treatment actually received antiviral therapy. Around 1·8 (1·6-2·2) million infections were in children aged 5 years, with a prevalence of 1·4% (1·2-1·6). We estimated that 87% of infants had received the three-dose HBV vaccination in the first year of life, 46% had received timely birth-dose vaccination, and 13% had received hepatitis B immunoglobulin along with the full vaccination regimen. Less than 1% of mothers with a high viral load had received antiviral therapy to reduce mother-to-child transmission.Our estimate of HBV prevalence in 2016 differs from previous studies, potentially because we took into account the effect of infant prophylaxis and early childhood vaccination, as well as changing prevalence over time. Although some regions are well on their way to meeting prophylaxis and prevalence targets, all regions must substantially scale-up access to diagnosis and treatment to meet the global targets.John C Martin Foundation.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S2468-1253(18)30056-6

  View details for PubMedID 29599078

• Clinical Features Associated with Survival Outcome in African-American Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. The American journal of gastroenterology Estevez, J., Yang, J. D., Leong, J., Nguyen, P., Giama, N. H., Zhang, N., Ali, H. A., Lee, M. H., Cheung, R., Roberts, L., Schwartz, M., Nguyen, M. H. 2018

  Abstract

  African-Americans (AA) have a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and lower survival. We characterized survival rates and clinical features associated with survival in AA vs. Caucasians with HCC over the past two decades.HCC patients from three US medical centers were matched by year of diagnosis (1991-2016): AA (n?=?578)/Caucasian (n?=?578) and placed in one of two groups-HCC diagnosed prior to 2010 or 2010 and after. Data were obtained from chart review and the National Death Index. Multivariate and survival analysis controlling for key predictors were conducted.Prior to 2010, there was no difference in survival between Caucasians and AA (p?=?0.61). After 2010, AA patients had poorer survival compared to Caucasians (35% vs. 44%, respectively, p?=?0.044). Over time, survival improved for Caucasians (32% before 2010 vs. 44% after 2010, p?=?0.003), but not AA (36% vs. 35%, p?=?0.50). AA on presentation (in the after 2010 cohort) were more likely to have BCLC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer) stage C (24% vs. 15%, p?=?0.010) and less likely to receive treatment (85% vs. 93%, p?=?0.002) compared to matched Caucasians. BCLC beyond stage A (aHR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.26-2.43, p?=?0.001) and child's class C (aHR 2.05, 95% CI: 1.23-3.41, p?=?0.006) were the strongest predictors of mortality, while race was not.African-Americans presented with more advanced HCC and had poorer survival compared to Caucasians after 2010. Tumor stage was an independent predictor of mortality, but ethnicity was not. Further efforts are needed to improve early HCC diagnosis for AA.

  View details for PubMedID 30333542

• Changing Landscape of Liver Cancer in California: A Glimpse Into the Future of Liver Cancer in the United States. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Han, S. S., Kelly, S. P., Li, Y., Yang, B., Nguyen, M., So, S., Rosenberg, P. S., Hsing, A. W. 2018

  Abstract

  Asians and Hispanics currently have the highest incidence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States. The numbers of these minority populations are rapidly increasing, reshaping the demographic in the United States and particularly California, where approximately one-third of US Asians and Hispanics reside. With the changing demographic and rising incidence of HCC that has tripled during the past three decades, it is important to forecast the future burden of HCC by age, sex, and race/ethnicity to plan prevention and control strategies for HCC.We used four Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program registries to obtain incidence data for California during 2000 to 2013, and 14 registries to represent non-California states. We applied age-period-cohort models to estimate future HCC incidence rates, and estimated HCC burden by multiplying incidence forecasts by corresponding US Census population projections.Our forecasts for California suggest that in 2030 Hispanics and blacks will have the highest HCC incidence rates and Asians the lowest. While incidence among whites, blacks, and Hispanics in California increased successively for each birth year cohort from 1915 through 1955, incidence among Asians in California decreased for each successive birth year cohort from 1915 through 1975. In contrast, consistent declines were not seen among Asians in the rest of the United States. In California, the estimated burden of HCC is 6482 new cases in 2030, where 80.0% of these patients are older than 65 years (vs 44.5% in 2014). The relative increase of burden in 2030 vs 2014 for this 65 years and older age group is especially high among Hispanics (318.3%), whereas it is the lowest among Asians (53.2%) in California.Prevention efforts in California should target persons currently ages 50 to 64 years who will make up the older age group (>65?years) in 2030, especially among Hispanics with the most rapid increase of HCC burden through 2030.

  View details for PubMedID 30544184

• Factors Associated with Rates of HBsAg Seroclearance in Adults with Chronic HBV Infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology Yeo, Y. H., Ho, H. J., Yang, H. I., Tseng, T. C., Hosaka, T., Trinh, H. N., Kwak, M. S., Park, Y. M., Fung, J. Y., Buti, M., Rodriguez, M., Treeprasertsuk, S., Preda, C. M., Ungtrakul, T., Charatcharoenwitthaya, P., Li, X., Li, J., Zhang, J., Le, M. H., Wei, B., Zou, B., Le, A., Jeong, D., Chien, N., Kam, L., Lee, C. C., Riveiro-Barciela, M., Istratescu, D., Sriprayoon, T., Chong, Y., Tanwandee, T., Kobayashi, M., Suzuki, F., Yuen, M. F., Lee, H. S., Kao, J. H., Lok, A. S., Wu, C. Y., Nguyen, M. H. 2018

  Abstract

  Seroclearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a marker for clearance of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection but reported annual incidence rates of HBsAg seroclearance vary. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide more precise estimates of HBsAg seroclearance rates among subgroups and populations.We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library for cohort studies that reported HBsAg seroclearance in adults with chronic HBV infection with more than 1 year of follow up and at least 1 repeat test for HBsAg. Annual and 5-, 10-, and 15-year cumulative incidence rates were pooled using a random effects model.We analyzed 34 published studies (with 42,588 patients; 303,754 person-years of follow-up; and 3194 HBsAg seroclearance events), including additional and updated aggregated data from 19 studies. The pooled annual rate of HBsAg seroclearance was 1.02% (95% CI, 0.79-1.27). Cumulative incidence rates were 4.03% at 5 years (95% CI, 2.49-5.93), 8.16% at 10 years (95% CI, 5.24-11.72), and 17.99% at 15 years (95% CI, 6.18-23.24). There were no significant differences between sexes. A higher proportion of patients negative for HBeAg at baseline had seroclearance (1.33%; 95% CI, 0.76-2.05) than patients positive for HBeAg (0.40%; 95% CI, 0.25-0.59) (P<.01). HBsAg seroclearance was also associated with a lower baseline HBV DNA (6.61 log10IU/mL; 95% CI, 5.94-7.27) than in patients without HBsAg seroclearance (7.71 log10IU/mL; 95% CI, 7.41-8.02) (P<.01) and lower level of HBsAg at baseline (2.74 log10IU/mL; 95% CI, 1.88-3.60) than in patients without HBsAg seroclearance (3.90 log10IU/mL, 95% CI, 3.73-4.06) (P<.01). HBsAg seroclearance was not associated with HBV genotype or treatment history. Heterogeneity was substantial across the studies (I2=97.49%).In a systematic review and meta-analysis, we found a low rate of HBsAg seroclearance in untreated and treated patients (pooled annual rate approximately 1%). Seroclearance occurred mainly in patients with less active disease. Patients with chronic HBV infection should therefore be counseled on the need for lifelong treatment, and curative therapies are needed.

  View details for PubMedID 30342034

• HCV Genotype 6 Increased the Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Asian Patients With Liver Cirrhosis. American journal of gastroenterology Lee, M., Hsiao, T. I., Subramaniam, S. R., Le, A. K., Vu, V. D., Trinh, H. N., Zhang, J., Jin, M., Wong, V. W., Wong, G. L., Nguyen, M. H. 2017

  Abstract

  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a well-documented risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Seven HCV genotypes have been classified, and the genotypes show a great variety of geographic distribution. HCV genotype 6 is prevalent in Southeast Asia and has been less studied than the other genotypes.This follow-up study was designed to evaluate the natural history of HCV genotype 6. The cohort enrolled 851 Asian patients consisting of 222 with HCV genotype 6 and 629 with other genotypes. The incidence of HCC per 1,000 person-years of various HCV genotypes was estimated by dividing the new HCC cases to the person-years of follow-up. The adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by Cox's proportional hazards models.After 4072 person-years of follow-up, there were 96 newly-developed HCC cases, confirming an incidence of 23.6 per 1000 person-years. By stratifying cirrhosis at study entry, the cumulative risk of HCC among HCV genotype 6 vs. non-6 was 2.9 vs. 2.2% for those without cirrhosis (P=0.45) and 76.2% (95% CI: 55.6-96.8%) vs. 36.2% (95% CI: 28.7-39.1%) for those with cirrhosis (P<0.05), respectively. Among patients with cirrhosis, HCV genotype 6 was significantly associated with HCC compared to patients with non-6 genotypes, with the adjusted HR=2.12 (1.33-3.39), P<0.05. In a model treating patients with genotypes other than 1 or 6 as the reference, the adjusted HR for HCC for HCV genotypes 1 and 6 were 1.13 (0.56-2.27) and 2.34 (1.12-4.86), respectively.Among patients with cirrhosis, those with HCV genotype 6 infection should be given high priority for antiviral therapy to decrease HCC risk and for vigilant adherence to HCC surveillance.Am J Gastroenterol advance online publication, 25 April 2017; doi:10.1038/ajg.2017.123.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/ajg.2017.123

  View details for PubMedID 28440303

• Open Label Study of 8 vs. 12 Weeks of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir in Genotype 6 Treatment Naïve or Experienced Patients. The American journal of gastroenterology Nguyen, M. H., Trinh, H., Do, S., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, P., Henry, L. 2017

  Abstract

  Hepatitis C genotype 6 (HCV-GT6) is one of the most prevalent genotypes in Southeast Asia. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir fixed-dose combination (LDV/SOF FDC) for 12 weeks has been shown to be effective for multiple HCV genotypes including treatment-naïve HCV-6. Our goal was to examine treatment outcomes in a diverse HCV-6 population.We prospectively enrolled 60 HCV-GT6 patients at four US centers. Treatment -naïve without cirrhosis patients received open-labeled LDV/SOF FDC orally once a day for 8 weeks; All cirrhotic and/or treatment-experienced patients received LDV/SOF FDC for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was sustained virological response 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12). Secondary outcomes were adverse events (AEs) and/or serious adverse events (SAEs). All patients gave written consent.Overall mean age was 58±10 and 58% were male. All patients were Asian and foreign born. The 8-week group included 20 patients (33.3%) and the 12-week included 40 patients (66.7%). There were 2 (5%) patients with decompensation, 3 with liver cancer (7.5%), and 14 with prior treatment (35%) in the 12-week group. SVR12 was 95.0% for the 8-week group (19/20) and 95.0% for the 12-week group (38/40). AEs included fatigue (5%), insomnia (3.3%), headache (1.7%), and nausea (1.7%); however, all patients completed the intended treatment duration. There were two treatment-unrelated SAEs.LDV/SOF FDC for 8 or 12 weeks was safe and effective for patients without cirrhosis or prior treatment failure as well as for patients with cirrhosis and/or prior treatment failure, respectively.Am J Gastroenterol advance online publication, 31 October 2017; doi:10.1038/ajg.2017.399.

  View details for PubMedID 29087397

• Hepatocellular carcinoma decreases the effectiveness of hepatitis C antiviral treatment: does direct-acting antiviral regimens matter? Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Ji, F., Yeo, Y. H., Wei, M. T., Wei, B., Dang, S., Li, Z., Nguyen, M. H. 2017

  View details for PubMedID 29194694

• Impact of Pretransplant Bridging Locoregional Therapy for Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Within Milan Criteria Undergoing Liver Transplantation: Analysis of 3601 Patients from the US Multicenter HCC Transplant Consortium. Annals of surgery Agopian, V. G., Harlander-Locke, M. P., Ruiz, R. M., Klintmalm, G. B., Senguttuvan, S., Florman, S. S., Haydel, B., Hoteit, M., Levine, M. H., Lee, D. D., Taner, C. B., Verna, E. C., Halazun, K. J., Abdelmessih, R., Tevar, A. D., Humar, A., Aucejo, F., Chapman, W. C., Vachharajani, N., Nguyen, M. H., Melcher, M. L., Nydam, T. L., Mobley, C., Ghobrial, R. M., Amundsen, B., Markmann, J. F., Langnas, A. N., Carney, C. A., Berumen, J., Hemming, A. W., Sudan, D. L., Hong, J. C., Kim, J., Zimmerman, M. A., Rana, A., Kueht, M. L., Jones, C. M., Fishbein, T. M., Busuttil, R. W. 2017

  Abstract

  To evaluate the effect of pretransplant bridging locoregional therapy (LRT) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence and survival after liver transplantation (LT) in patients meeting Milan criteria (MC).Pre-LT LRT mitigates tumor progression and waitlist dropout in HCC patients within MC, but data on its impact on post-LT recurrence and survival remain limited.Recurrence-free survival and post-LT recurrence were compared among 3601 MC patients with and without bridging LRT utilizing competing risk Cox regression in consecutive patients from 20 US centers (2002-2013).Compared with 747 LT recipients not receiving LRT, 2854 receiving LRT had similar 1, 3, and 5-year recurrence-free survival (89%, 77%, 68% vs 85%, 75%, 68%; P = 0.490) and 5-year post-LT recurrence (11.2% vs 10.1%; P = 0.474). Increasing LRT number [3 LRTs: hazard ratio (HR) 2.1, P < 0.001; 4+ LRTs: HR 2.5, P < 0.001), and unfavorable waitlist alphafetorotein trend significantly predicted post-LT recurrence, whereas LRT modality did not. Treated patients achieving complete pathologic response (cPR) had superior 5-year RFS (72%) and lower post-LT recurrence (HR 0.52, P < 0.001) compared with both untreated patients (69%; P = 0.010; HR 1.0) and treated patients not achieving cPR (67%; P = 0.010; HR 1.31, P = 0.039), who demonstrated increased recurrence compared with untreated patients in multivariate analysis controlling for pretransplant and pathologic factors (HR 1.32, P = 0.044).Bridging LRT in HCC patients within MC does not improve post-LT survival or HCC recurrence in the majority of patients who fail to achieve cPR. The need for increasing LRT treatments and lack of alphafetoprotein response to LRT independently predict post-LT recurrence, serving as a surrogate for underlying tumor biology which can be utilized for prioritization of HCC LT candidates.

  View details for PubMedID 28654545

• Serum Alanine Aminotransferase and Hepatitis B DNA Flares in Pregnant and Postpartum Women with Chronic Hepatitis B. American journal of gastroenterology Chang, C. Y., Aziz, N., Poongkunran, M., Javaid, A., Trinh, H. N., Lau, D., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 111 (10): 1410-1415

  Abstract

  Alterations in the immune system during pregnancy have been associated with reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) women. However, the effects of pregnancy on CHB remain not well understood. The goal of this study was to examine flares in HBV DNA and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) during pregnancy and postpartum in CHB women untreated prior to pregnancy.This was a multicenter retrospective study of 113 pregnancies in 101 CHB women who presented during pregnancy at two community gastroenterology clinics and two tertiary medical centers in the United States during 1997-2015. Outcomes analyzed included onset, severity, and resolution of flares in HBV and ALT that occurred prior to starting antiviral therapy, if antiviral therapy was subsequently initiated. Women who initiated antiviral therapy during pregnancy were not included in the analysis of postpartum flares.HBV DNA flares were observed in 9% (8/90) of women during pregnancy and 4% (2/48) of women during postpartum. Flares in ALT (99-2522?U/l) were observed in 6% (7/112) of women during pregnancy and 10% (5/51) of women within the first 3 months of delivery. Age, HBeAg positivity, baseline HBV DNA, baseline ALT, gravida, and parity were not found to be significant predictors of flare.Flares in HBV DNA and ALT can occur during late pregnancy and early postpartum in CHB women, and can be severe. Women with CHB should therefore be closely monitored during pregnancy and early postpartum.Am J Gastroenterol advance online publication, 26 July 2016; doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.296.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/ajg.2016.296

  View details for PubMedID 27456990

• Efficacy of Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, and GS-9857 in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 2, 3, 4, or 6 Infections in an Open-label, Phase 2 Trial. Gastroenterology Gane, E., Kowdley, K. V., Pound, D., Stedman, C. A., Davis, M., Etzkorn, K., Gordon, S. C., Bernstein, D., Everson, G., Rodriguez-Torres, M., Tsai, N., Khalid, O., Yang, J. C., Lu, S., Dvory-Sobol, H., Stamm, L. M., Brainard, D. M., McHutchison, J. G., Tong, M., Chung, R. T., Beavers, K., Poulos, J. E., Kwo, P. Y., Nguyen, M. H. 2016

  Abstract

  Studies are needed to determine the optimal regimen for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2, 3, 4, or 6 infections who have failed by a prior course of antiviral therapy, and the feasibility of further shortening treatment duration. We performed a phase 2 study to determine the efficacy and safety of the combination of the nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir, the NS5A inhibitor velpatasvir, and the NS3/4A protease inhibitor GS-9857 in these patients.We performed a multicenter, open-label trial at 32 sites in the United States and 2 sites in New Zealand, from March 3, 2015 to April 27, 2015. Our study included 128 treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients (1 with HCV genotype 1b, 33 with HCV genotype 2, 74 with HCV genotype 3, 17 with genotype HCV 4, and 3 with HCV genotype 6), with or without compensated cirrhosis. All patients received sofosbuvir-velpatasvir (400 mg/100 mg fixed-dose combination tablet) and GS-9857 (100 mg) once daily for 6-12 weeks. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12).Following 6 weeks of treatment, SVR12s were achieved by 88% of treatment-naïve patients without cirrhosis (29/33; 95% CI, 72%-97%). Following 8 weeks of treatment, SVR12s were achieved by 93% of treatment-naïve patients with cirrhosis (28/30; 95% CI, 78%-99%). After 12 weeks of treatment, SVR12s were achieved by all treatment-experienced patients without cirrhosis (36/36; 95% CI, 90%-100%) and 97% of treatment-experienced patients with cirrhosis (28/29; 95% CI, 82%-100%). The most common adverse events were headache, diarrhea, fatigue, and nausea. Three patients (1%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events.In a phase 2 open-label trial, we found sofosbuvir-velpatasvir plus GS-9857 (8 weeks in treatment-naïve patients or 12 weeks in treatment-experienced patients) to be safe and effective for patients with HCV genotype 2, 3, 4, or 6 infections, with or without compensated cirrhosis. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT02378961.

  View details for DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.038

  View details for PubMedID 27486033

• Treating hepatitis C in lower-income countries. New England journal of medicine Jayasekera, C. R., Barry, M., Roberts, L. R., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 370 (20): 1869-1871

  View details for DOI 10.1056/NEJMp1400160

  View details for PubMedID 24720680

• Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for previously treated HCV genotype 1 infection. New England journal of medicine Afdhal, N., Reddy, K. R., Nelson, D. R., Lawitz, E., Gordon, S. C., Schiff, E., Nahass, R., Ghalib, R., Gitlin, N., Herring, R., Lalezari, J., Younes, Z. H., Pockros, P. J., Di Bisceglie, A. M., Arora, S., Subramanian, G. M., Zhu, Y., Dvory-Sobol, H., Yang, J. C., Pang, P. S., Symonds, W. T., McHutchison, J. G., Muir, A. J., Sulkowski, M., Kwo, P. 2014; 370 (16): 1483-1493

  Abstract

  Effective treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection in patients who have not had a sustained virologic response to prior interferon-based therapy represents an unmet medical need.We conducted a phase 3, randomized, open-label study involving patients infected with HCV genotype 1 who had not had a sustained virologic response after treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin, with or without a protease inhibitor. Patients were randomly assigned to receive the NS5A inhibitor ledipasvir and the nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir in a once-daily, fixed-dose combination tablet for 12 weeks, ledipasvir-sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 12 weeks, ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for 24 weeks, or ledipasvir-sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 24 weeks. The primary end point was a sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of therapy.Among the 440 patients who underwent randomization and were treated, 20% had cirrhosis and 79% had HCV genotype 1a infection. The rates of sustained virologic response were high in all treatment groups: 94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 87 to 97) in the group that received 12 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir; 96% (95% CI, 91 to 99) in the group that received 12 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir and ribavirin; 99% (95% CI, 95 to 100) in the group that received 24 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir; and 99% (95% CI, 95 to 100) in the group that received 24 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir and ribavirin. No patient discontinued treatment owing to an adverse event. The most common adverse events were fatigue, headache, and nausea.Treatment with a once-daily, single-tablet regimen of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir resulted in high rates of sustained virologic response among patients with HCV genotype 1 infection who had not had a sustained virologic response to prior interferon-based treatment. (Funded by Gilead Sciences; ION-2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01768286.).

  View details for DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1316366

  View details for PubMedID 24725238

• Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for 8 or 12 weeks for chronic HCV without cirrhosis. The New England journal of medicine Kowdley, K. V., Gordon, S. C., Reddy, K. R., Rossaro, L., Bernstein, D. E., Lawitz, E., Shiffman, M. L., Schiff, E., Ghalib, R., Ryan, M., Rustgi, V., Chojkier, M., Herring, R., Di Bisceglie, A. M., Pockros, P. J., Subramanian, G. M., An, D., Svarovskaia, E., Hyland, R. H., Pang, P. S., Symonds, W. T., McHutchison, J. G., Muir, A. J., Pound, D., Fried, M. W. 2014; 370 (20): 1879?88

  Abstract

  High rates of sustained virologic response were observed among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who received 12 weeks of treatment with the nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir combined with the NS5A inhibitor ledipasvir. This study examined 8 weeks of treatment with this regimen.In this phase 3, open-label study, we randomly assigned 647 previously untreated patients with HCV genotype 1 infection without cirrhosis to receive ledipasvir and sofosbuvir (ledipasvir-sofosbuvir) for 8 weeks, ledipasvir-sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 8 weeks, or ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for 12 weeks. The primary end point was sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of therapy.The rate of sustained virologic response was 94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90 to 97) with 8 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir, 93% (95% CI, 89 to 96) with 8 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir plus ribavirin, and 95% (95% CI, 92 to 98) with 12 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir. As compared with the rate of sustained virologic response in the group that received 8 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir, the rate in the 12-week group was 1 percentage point higher (97.5% CI, -4 to 6) and the rate in the group that received 8 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir with ribavirin was 1 percentage point lower (95% CI, -6 to 4); these results indicated noninferiority of the 8-week ledipasvir-sofosbuvir regimen, on the basis of a noninferiority margin of 12 percentage points. Adverse events were more common in the group that received ribavirin than in the other two groups. No patient who received 8 weeks of only ledipasvir-sofosbuvir discontinued treatment owing to adverse events.Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for 8 weeks was associated with a high rate of sustained virologic response among previously untreated patients with HCV genotype 1 infection without cirrhosis. No additional benefit was associated with the inclusion of ribavirin in the regimen or with extension of the duration of treatment to 12 weeks. (Funded by Gilead Sciences; ION-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01851330.).

  View details for DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1402355

  View details for PubMedID 24720702

• Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for untreated HCV genotype 1 infection. The New England journal of medicine Afdhal, N., Zeuzem, S., Kwo, P., Chojkier, M., Gitlin, N., Puoti, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Zarski, J. P., Agarwal, K., Buggisch, P., Foster, G. R., Bräu, N., Buti, M., Jacobson, I. M., Subramanian, G. M., Ding, X., Mo, H., Yang, J. C., Pang, P. S., Symonds, W. T., McHutchison, J. G., Muir, A. J., Mangia, A., Marcellin, P. 2014; 370 (20): 1889?98

  Abstract

  In phase 2 studies, treatment with the all-oral combination of the nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir and the NS5A inhibitor ledipasvir resulted in high rates of sustained virologic response among previously untreated patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection.We conducted a phase 3, open-label study involving previously untreated patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to receive ledipasvir and sofosbuvir in a fixed-dose combination tablet once daily for 12 weeks, ledipasvir-sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 12 weeks, ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for 24 weeks, or ledipasvir-sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 24 weeks. The primary end point was a sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of therapy.Of the 865 patients who underwent randomization and were treated, 16% had cirrhosis, 12% were black, and 67% had HCV genotype 1a infection. The rates of sustained virologic response were 99% (95% confidence interval [CI], 96 to 100) in the group that received 12 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir; 97% (95% CI, 94 to 99) in the group that received 12 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir plus ribavirin; 98% (95% CI, 95 to 99) in the group that received 24 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir; and 99% (95% CI, 97 to 100) in the group that received 24 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir plus ribavirin. No patient in either 12-week group discontinued ledipasvir-sofosbuvir owing to an adverse event. The most common adverse events were fatigue, headache, insomnia, and nausea.Once-daily ledipasvir-sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin for 12 or 24 weeks was highly effective in previously untreated patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. (Funded by Gilead Sciences; ION-1 ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01701401.).

  View details for DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1402454

  View details for PubMedID 24725239

• Ethnic Differences in Viral Dominance Patterns in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Dual Infection HEPATOLOGY Nguyen, L. H., Ko, S., Wong, S. S., Tran, P. S., Trinh, H. N., Garcia, R. T., Ahmed, A., Lutchman, G. A., Keeffe, E. B., Nguyen, M. H. 2011; 53 (6): 1839-1845

  Abstract

  Studies of hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) dual infection are limited. Most are small, conducted outside the United States, and compare dual infection with HCV monoinfection. The goal of this study was to characterize HBV/HCV dual infection in a large multiethnic, matched, case-control study of dual-infected and HBV-monoinfected patients at two United States centers. Using an International Classification of Disease Version 9 electronic query and chart review, we identified 115 HBV/HCV dual-infected patients with serial HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. As a control, 115 HBV-monoinfected patients were chosen randomly and matched with cases by age ±10 years, sex, Asian versus non-Asian ethnicity, and study site. Both groups had similar sex, ethnic, and age distributions (68% male, 83% Asian, age 52 ± 14 years). The median follow-up times were 33 and 38 months for the dual-infected and monoinfected groups, respectively. More monoinfected patients received HBV antiviral therapy than dual-infected patients (43% versus 24%; P = 0.002). No significant difference was detected between the proportion of monoinfected versus dual-infected patients with ALT above 40 U/L at presentation or during follow-up. Dual infection patients exhibited very little HBV/HCV codominance at baseline and throughout follow-up: patients had either HBV viremia with low or absent HCV RNA or detectable HCV RNA with low or absent HBV DNA. Asian ethnicity was predictive of HBV dominance after adjusting for sex, age, and baseline ALT elevation (odds ratio 7.35; P = 0.01).HBV/HCV dual-infected and HBV-monoinfected patients had similar clinical characteristics. Asian ethnicity is a major independent predictor of HBV-dominant disease, and HCV dominance with undetectable HBV DNA is more common in non-Asian individuals. Larger studies are needed to further characterize the natural history of HBV/HCV dual infection in Asian and non-Asian individuals.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/hep.24308

  View details for Web of Science ID 000291307300009

  View details for PubMedID 21425314

• Randomized Controlled Trial of Pegylated Interferon-Alfa 2a and Ribavirin in Treatment-Naive Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 6 HEPATOLOGY Lam, K. D., Trinh, H. N., Do, S. T., Nguyen, T. T., Garcia, R. T., Nguyen, T., Phan, Q. Q., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Nguyen, L. H., Nguyen, M. H. 2010; 52 (5): 1573-1580

  Abstract

  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype is an important criteria in determining duration of therapy and predictor of sustained virologic response (SVR) to pegylated interferon (PEG IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) therapy. Optimal duration of therapy for patients with HCV genotype 6 is not known. We conducted a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial of patients with HCV genotype 6 at five gastroenterology clinics in the western U.S. Patients were stratified by viral load and histologic stage and assigned to receive PEG IFN-?2a 180 ?g subcutaneously weekly and weight-based oral RBV 800 to 1,200 mg daily for 24 or 48 weeks. Primary outcome measurement was SVR rate by intention-to-treat analysis. From February 2005 to October 2007 a total of 60 patients (age 51 ± 10 years, 47% male, log HCVRNA 6.3 ± 1.1 IU/mL) were enrolled: 27 patients to 24 weeks and 33 patients to 48 weeks of therapy. In the 24-week and 48-week groups, 96% and 97% achieved early virologic response (P = 0.90); 89% versus 94% achieved end of therapy virologic response (P = 0.48). SVR was achieved in 70% versus 79% of patients assigned to 24 weeks versus 48 weeks (P = 0.45). Rapid virologic response (RVR) was a significant predictor of SVR in the 48-week group and trending towards significance in the 24-week group: 82% and 83% of those with RVR achieved SVR versus 33% and 29% for the 24-week and 48-week groups, respectively (P = 0.07 and P = 0.02).There was no significant difference in SVR rates in patients with HCV genotype 6 treated with PEG IFN-?2a and RBV for 24 versus 48 weeks.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/hep.23889

  View details for Web of Science ID 000283764800007

  View details for PubMedID 21038410

• Histological Disease in Asian-Americans With Chronic Hepatitis B, High Hepatitis B Virus DNA, and Normal Alanine Aminotransferase Levels AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Nguyen, M. H., Garcia, R. T., Trinh, H. N., Lam, K. D., Weiss, G., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Keeffe, E. B. 2009; 104 (9): 2206-2213

  Abstract

  At present there is no clear consensus on how patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), high serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, and normal alanine aminotransferase (NLALT) levels should be managed. This study hypothesizes that a significant proportion of such patients may have histological disease.We carried out a retrospective study of 101 consecutive treatment-naive patients with CHB who underwent liver biopsies at a community gastroenterology clinic and had high HBV DNA and NLALT (< or = 40 U/l) levels at the time of biopsy. All patients were Asians. ALT levels were observed for a period of time before liver biopsy and were used to classify patients into two groups, namely those with only NLALT levels and those with fluctuating ALT (FLALT) levels. All patients had at least two ALT measurements during this period of time. Significant histology was defined as stage > or = 2 fibrosis or stage 1 fibrosis plus grade > or = 2 inflammation using the Batts-Ludwig scoring system.In patients with NLALT levels, the proportions of those with significant histology were 0, 22, and 45% for age < or = 35, 36-50, and >50 years, respectively (n=11, n=27, n=19; P=0.033). In patients who had FLALT levels, the corresponding proportions were 22, 42, and 69% (n=9, n=22, n=13; P=0.091). After adjustments for gender, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status, and mean pre-biopsy HBV DNA levels, significant predictors of histological disease were older age (odds ratio (OR)=6.2 for age 36-50 years and OR=17.6 for age >50 years compared with age < or = 35 years, P=0.041 and P=0.003, respectively) and FLALT levels (OR=3.6, P=0.008). Sub-analysis of patients with NLALT levels using lower cutoffs (30 U/l for men and 19 U/l for women) showed similar trends.Patients with CHB, high HBV DNA, and NLALT levels and aged more than 35 years or those with FLALT levels may have significant histological disease (22-70%).

  View details for DOI 10.1038/ajg.2009.248

  View details for PubMedID 19491836

• Renal Dysfunction in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated with Adefovir Dipivoxil HEPATOLOGY Ha, N. B., Ha, N. B., Garcia, R. T., Trinh, H. N., Vu, A. A., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Levitt, B. S., Nguyen, M. H. 2009; 50 (3): 727-734

  Abstract

  Renal dysfunction has been reported in patients treated with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV); however, its incidence and clinical importance may be underappreciated given the lack of long-term follow-up and data outside of a clinical trial setting. Our goal was to examine the severity and incidence of renal dysfunction in a real-life setting for patients treated with ADV and whose baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was >50 mL/minute. We performed a cohort study of 290 chronic hepatitis B patients: 145 patients treated with 10 mg ADV and 145 patients unexposed to ADV at two community clinics, who were matched for age (+/-10 years), sex, and baseline eGFR. The exposed and unexposed populations were well-matched with a similar mean age (46-47 years), proportion of male patients (76.5%), baseline serum creatinine (0.97-0.99 mg/dL), and baseline creatinine clearance (85.0-85.4 mL/minute). The incidence density for renal dysfunction defined by treatment termination and/or development of eGFR < or =50 mL/minute was five cases per 100 patient-years in the exposed group compared with 1.36 cases per 100 patient-years in the unexposed group (P = 0.02). The relative risk of exposed to unexposed was 3.68 (95% confidence interval 1.1-19.3). On Cox proportional hazard analysis also inclusive of sex, ADV was a significant predictor of significant renal dysfunction (hazard ratio [HR] 3.94, P = 0.03). There were also significant trends for age >50 years (HR 3.49, P = 0.087), mild renal impairment at baseline (HR 4.49, P = 0.073), and hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus (HR 2.36, P = 0.074).ADV is an independent predictor for significant deterioration of renal function. Patients on ADV should be monitored, especially patients who are older, have baseline renal insufficiency, or have hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/hep.23044

  View details for Web of Science ID 000269551100011

  View details for PubMedID 19517525

• Transarterial Chemoinfusion for Hepatocellular Carcinoma as Downstaging Therapy and a Bridge toward Liver Transplantation AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION De Luna, W., Sze, D. Y., Ahmed, A., Ha, B. Y., Ayoub, W., Keeffe, E. B., Cooper, A., Esquivel, C., Nguyen, M. H. 2009; 9 (5): 1158-1168

  Abstract

  Favorable outcomes after liver transplantation (LT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are well described for patients who fall within defined tumor criteria. The effectiveness of tumor therapies to maintain tumor characteristics within these criteria or to downstage more advanced tumors to fall within these criteria is not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the response to transcatheter arterial chemoinfusion (TACI) in HCC patients awaiting LT and its efficacy for downstaging or bridging to transplantation. We performed a retrospective study of 248 consecutive TACI cases in 122 HCC patients at a single U.S. medical center. Patients were divided into two groups: those who met the Milan criteria on initial HCC diagnosis (n = 95) and those with more advanced disease (n = 27). With TACI treatment, 87% of the Milan criteria group remained within the Milan criteria and 63% of patients with more advanced disease were successfully downstaged to fall within the Milan criteria. In conclusion, TACI appears to be an effective treatment as a bridge to LT for nearly 90% patients presenting within the Milan criteria and an effective downstaging modality for over half of those whose tumor burden was initially beyond the Milan criteria.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02576.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000265222200023

  View details for PubMedID 19344435

• Higher rate of sustained virologic response in chronic hepatitis C genotype 6 treated with 48 weeks versus 24 weeks of peginterferon plus ribavirin AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Nguyen, M. H., Trinh, H. N., Garcia, R., Nguyen, G., Lam, K. D., Keeffe, E. B. 2008; 103 (5): 1131-1135

  Abstract

  Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 6 is common in patients from parts of China and Southeast Asia. No study to date has examined the treatment response to peginterferon and ribavirin (PEG IFN + RBV) in these patients, or the effects of treatment duration on sustained virologic response (SVR) rates.We performed a retrospective study of 190 consecutive Asian-American patients who were diagnosed with HCV genotype 6 at a gastroenterology clinic in northern California between 2001 and 2004, 66 of whom were treatment-naïve and subsequently completed 24 wk of IFN + RBV or PEG IFN + RBV or 48 wk of PEG IFN + RBV therapy. The primary outcome was SVR.There was no statistical difference in SVR of 31 patients treated with 24 wk of IFN + RBV and in 23 patients treated with 24 wk of PEG IFN + RBV (51.6%vs 39%, P= 0.363). The SVR in 12 patients treated with 48 wk of PEG IFN + RBV was significantly higher than that in those treated for only 24 wk (75%vs 39%, P= 0.044).Treatment-eligible patients with HCV genotype 6 should be treated with a full course of 48 wk as tolerated. Larger prospective studies of patients with HCV genotype 6 are needed to confirm the optimal treatment duration with PEG IFN + RBV.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01793.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000255750000010

  View details for PubMedID 18477343

• Racial differences in effectiveness of alpha-fetoprotein for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virus cirrhosis HEPATOLOGY Nguyen, M. H., Garcia, R. T., Simpson, P. W., Wright, T. L., Keeffe, E. B. 2002; 36 (2): 410-417

  Abstract

  alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) is frequently used as a diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most available data concerning AFP come from studies of patients with chronic hepatitis B or other chronic liver diseases of mixed etiologies. Limited data concerning the diagnostic value of AFP for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC have to date come only from Asian and European studies, and results are conflicting. There may be significant differences in AFP levels depending on racial backgrounds and etiologies of primary liver disease. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, case-control study of 163 HCC patients with HCV infection and 149 control patients with HCV-related cirrhosis. The positive likelihood ratios for AFP at 0 to 20, 21 to 50, 51 to 100, and 101 to 200 ng/mL were 0.46, 1.31, 1.15, and 6.90, respectively. No controls had AFP greater than 200 ng/mL. The sensitivity of AFP for the diagnosis of HCC in African Americans with HCV infection was lower than that of patients of all other ethnic groups combined (57.1% vs. 81.6% for AFP > 10 ng/mL, P =.02, and 42.9% vs. 66.0% for AFP > 20 ng/mL, P =.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.81 for non-African Americans but only 0.56 for African Americans. In conclusion, AFP greater than 200 ng/mL can be used to confirm HCC in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis and a hepatic mass. However, AFP is insensitive for the diagnosis of HCC in African Americans.

  View details for DOI 10.1053/jhep.2002.34744

  View details for Web of Science ID 000177085100018

  View details for PubMedID 12143050

• Fatty liver is not independently associated with rates of complete response to oral antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver Li, J., Le, A. K., Chaung, K. T., Henry, L., Hoang, J. K., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2020

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND & AIMS: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are common liver diseases. Concurrent NAFLD may affect antiviral treatment outcomes in CHB patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of NAFLD on complete viral suppression [(CVS), HBV DNA < 20-100 IU/mL] and/or biochemical response [(BR), ALT of ? 25 U/L for females; 35 U/L for males] in CHB patients who received oral antiviral therapy.METHODS: A retrospective study of 555 treated CHB patients (187 NAFLD; 368 non-NAFLD) from 2000 to 2016 at a USA medical center. NAFLD was diagnosed by imaging and/or histology after ruling out secondary causes of hepatic steatosis.RESULTS: The majority of patients were male (60.7%), Asian (87.56%), and HBeAg-negative (66.7%). NAFLD patients compared to non-NAFLD were more likely HBeAg negative (74.3% vs. 62.8%, P=0.02), hypertensive (33.2% vs. 22.8%, P=0.009), male (67.4% vs. 57.3%, P=0.02) with a higher mean BMI (25.4±4.3 vs. 23.8±4.0 kg/m2 , P<0.001). Both cohorts achieved similar rates of CVS (86% vs. 88%) and BR (38% vs. 41%) during follow-up of up to 60 months (P>0.05), but NAFLD had higher cumulative rates of CVS+BR, compared with non-NAFLD patients (32.5% vs. 22.8%, P=0.03). In multivariate analyses, NAFLD was not independently associated with CVS and/or BR outcomes. Receipt of entecavir or tenofovir (versus older therapies) and lower baseline HBV DNA or higher ALT were positively associated with achieving CVS or BR.CONCLUSION: Concomitant NAFLD had no impact on the long-term rates of CVS and/or BR in treated CHB patients.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/liv.14415

  View details for PubMedID 32086988

• Inhibitory Effect of Nucleos(t)ide Analogs on Telomerase Activity and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B. The American journal of gastroenterology Hsu, Y. C., Nguyen, M. H. 2020

  View details for DOI 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000507

  View details for PubMedID 31913195

• Proton pump inhibitors and risk of liver cancer and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of clinical pharmacology Song, H. J., Jiang, X., Henry, L., Nguyen, M. H., Park, H. 2020

  Abstract

  Epidemiological studies investigating the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) on the risk of liver cancer and/or mortality among persons with chronic liver disease (CLD) have reported conflicting results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the impact of PPI use on liver cancer and/or death among patients with CLD.The core databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library were searched through January 2020. We included studies, evaluating the association between PPIs and liver cancer or mortality among patients with CLD including randomized controlled, nonrandomized controlled, and observational studies. We used inverse-variance random-effects models to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for liver cancer or mortality.Eleven studies including 173,894 patients were selected. In three studies, individuals with CLD who used PPIs had a 67% greater risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to nonusers (RR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.12-2.50; I2 =?92%). Combining data from the eight studies relating PPI to overall mortality, we observed a 57% increased risk of mortality in PPI users with CLD compared to CLD nonusers (RR: 1.57; 95% CI, 1.24-1.99; I2 =?69%).PPI use was associated with an increased risk of HCC and mortality in patients with CLD suggesting that PPI prescriptions in patients with CLD should be considered carefully.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s00228-020-02854-8

  View details for PubMedID 32172363

• Letter: a stepwise approach towards the screening of hepatic fibrosis in the general population-authors' reply. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Kang, K. A., Jun, D. W., Nguyen, M. H. 2020; 51 (6): 670?71

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.15664

  View details for PubMedID 32100344

• Editorial: choosing an appropriate risk stratification tool for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-one size does not fit all. Authors' reply. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Jun, D. W., Nguyen, M. H. 2020; 51 (6): 662?63

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.15651

  View details for PubMedID 32100348

• Prevalence of significant hepatic fibrosis using magnetic resonance elastography in a health check-up clinic population. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Kang, K. A., Jun, D. W., Kim, M. S., Kwon, H. J., Nguyen, M. H. 2020; 51 (3): 388?96

  Abstract

  Significant hepatic fibrosis is associated with higher mortality. However, data on the estimated prevalence of liver fibrosis in the general population are scarce.To use magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to investigate the prevalence of hepatic fibrosis in a Korean health check-up clinic cohort.We enrolled 2170 participants at our health check-up clinic between January 2015 and May 2018, all of whom had MR with chemical shift technique and MRE. The primary objective was to estimate the prevalence of liver fibrosis. For generalisation, sex- and age-standardised prevalence was calculated based on the Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS) during the period 2015-2018.The prevalence of F2 (?3.0 kPa) and F3 (?3.6 kPa) in the overall cohort was 5.1% and 1.3% respectively (sex- and age-adjusted prevalence of 3.8% and 1.3%). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence (>5% fat fraction) was 27.7% in the average risk population (after excluding alcohol use and viral hepatitis), and the prevalence of significant and advanced fibrosis in NAFLD participants was 8.0% and 1.5% respectively. In participants with diabetes, 12.5% had ?F2 and 4.3% ?F3. In participants with NAFLD plus diabetes, 24.1% had ?F2 and 6.0% ?F3. On multivariate analysis, only age, insulin, diabetes and fatty liver on MR were independently associated with significant fibrosis.In a Korean health check-up clinic setting, the prevalence of significant and advanced liver fibrosis was 5.1% and 1.3% (sex- and age-adjusted prevalence of 3.8% and 1.3%). The prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis was five times higher for diabetic participants with NAFLD.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.15626

  View details for PubMedID 31943268

• A Nationwide Study of Inpatient Admissions, Mortality, and Costs for Patients with Cirrhosis from 2005 to 2015 in the USA. Digestive diseases and sciences Zou, B., Yeo, Y. H., Jeong, D., Park, H., Sheen, E., Lee, D. H., Henry, L., Garcia, G., Ingelsson, E., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2019

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Liver cirrhosis is a substantial health burden in the USA, but population-based data regarding the trend and medical expenditure are limited and outdated. We investigated the trends of inpatient admissions, costs, and inpatient mortality from 2005 to 2015 among cirrhotic patients.METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample database. We adjusted the costs to 2015 US dollars using a 3% inflation rate. National estimates of admissions were determined using discharge weights.RESULTS: We identified 1,627,348 admissions in cirrhotic patients between 2005 and 2015. From 2005 to 2015, the number of weighted admissions in cirrhotic patients almost doubled (from 505,032 to 961,650) and the total annual hospitalization cost in this population increased three times (from 5.8 to 16.3 billion US dollars). Notably, admission rates varied by liver disease etiology, decreasing from 2005 to 2015 among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis while increasing (almost tripled) among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related cirrhosis. The annual inpatient mortality rate per 1000 admissions overall decreased from 63.8 to 58.2 between 2005 and 2015 except for NAFLD (27.2 to 35.8) (P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Rates and costs of admissions in cirrhotic patients have increased substantially between 2005 and 2015 in the USA, but varied by liver disease etiology, with decreasing rate for HCV-associated cirrhosis and for HBV-associated cirrhosis but increasing for NAFLD-associated cirrhosis. Inpatient mortality also increased by one-third for NAFLD, while it decreased for other diseases. Cost also varied by etiology and lower for HCV-associated cirrhosis.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-019-05869-z

  View details for PubMedID 31598919

• REDEFINING THE UPPER LIMIT OR NORMAL (ULN) OF ALANINE TRANSAMINASE (ALT) LEVELS FOR ASIANS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF 60 STUDIES AND 335,163 INDIVIDUALS Huang, D., Yeo, Y., Tan, X., Kam, L., Fung, J., Lee, T., Wong, V., Saruwatari, J., Muthiah, M., Barnett, S., Oniki, K., Li, J., Zou, B., Dan, Y., Lim, S., Cheung, R., Yuen, M., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2019: 1055A?1056A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000488653504021

• What to Do When Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) Is Positive Following Normal Colonoscopy? Comparison of Adenoma Detection Rate (ADR) of Standard FIT-Colonoscopy and Relook Colonoscopy Wei, M., Dao, A. T., Le, A., Nguyen, T., Tran, B., Trinh, L. L., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K., Levitt, B. S., Shieh, E., Goyal, T., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H., Trinh, H. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2019: S192

  View details for DOI 10.14309/01.ajg.0000590840.61215.b2

  View details for Web of Science ID 000509756000328

• Sustained Decline of Noninvasive Fibrosis Index Values in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) With Sustained Virologic Response (SVR) After Receiving Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents (DAAs) Prabhakar, V., Lutchman, G., Ahmed, A., Nguyen, M. H., Daugherty, T., Kwo, P. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2019: S553?S554

  View details for DOI 10.14309/01.ajg.0000593348.53707.0b

  View details for Web of Science ID 000509756002173

• TENOFOVIR VERSUS ENTECAVIR FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA PREVENTION IN AN INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B Hsu, Y., Wong, G., Chen, C., Peng, C., Yeh, M., Cheung, K., Toyoda, H., Huang, C., Trinh, H. N., Xie, Q., Enomoto, M., Liu, L., Yasuda, S., Tanaka, Y., Kozuka, R., Tsai, P., Huang, Y., Wong, C., Huang, R., Jang, T., Hoang, J., Yang, H., Li, J., Lee, D., Takahashi, H., Zhang, J., Ogawa, E., Zhao, C., Liu, C., Furusyo, N., Eguchi, Y., Wong, C., Wu, C., Kumada, T., Yuen, M., Yu, M., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2019: 290A?291A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000488653501025

• INCREASING AGE AND NON-LIVER COMORBIDITIES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B IN TAIWAN: A NATIONWIDE POPULATION-BASED ANALYSIS Tseng, C., Hsu, Y., Ho, H. J., Nguyen, M. H., Wu, C. WILEY. 2019: 596A?597A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000488653502126

• COMORBIDITY PREVALENCE AND HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION IN A POPULATION-BASED STUDY OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS FROM 2007 TO 2016 IN SOUTH KOREA Oh, H., Wong, G., Lee, E., Ahn, H., Kim, B., Jung, S., Jun, D., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2019: 582A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000488653502101

• IMPROVEMENT IN VIROLOGIC, BIOCHEMICAL AND RENAL OUTCOMES IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) PATIENTS SWITCHED TO TENOFOVIR ALAFENAMIDE (TAF) IN ROUTINE CLINICAL PRACTICE Yeh, M., Trinh, S., Huang, C., Hsieh, M., Huang, C., Liang, P., Huang, J., Dai, C., Chuang, W., Nguyen, M. H., Yu, M. WILEY. 2019: 295A?296A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000488653501033

• RACE DOES NOT AFFECT THE PERFORMANCE OF ROUTINELY AVAILABLE NONINVASIVE TESTS FOR THE DISCRIMINATION OF ADVANCED FIBROSIS DUE TO NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH) IN THE PHASE 3 STELLAR TRIALS OF SELONSERTIB Wong, V., Tak, W., Goh, G., Cheng, P., Lawitz, E. J., Younossi, Z. M., Vuppalanchi, R., Bzowej, N. H., Younes, Z., Alkhouri, N., Wang, Y., Kersey, K., Li, G., Camargo, M., Myers, R. P., Djedjos, C., Harrison, S. A., Goodman, Z. D., Trauner, M. H., Romero-Gomez, M., Anstee, Q. M., Sarin, S., Nguyen, M. H., Okanoue, T. WILEY. 2019: 1029A?1030A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000488653503400

• HCV CURE BY ALL ORAL DAA IMPROVES 5-YEAR OVERALL AND LIVER-RELATED SURVIVAL IN HCV-RELATED HCC PATIENTS: A REAL-WORLD, PROPENSITY SCORE-MATCHED STUDY FROM BOTH EAST AND WEST Dang, H., Yeo, Y., Yasuda, S., Huang, C., Iio, E., Landis, C. S., Jun, D., Enomoto, M., Ogawa, E., Tsai, P., Le, A., Liu, M., Maeda, M., Nguyen, B., Ramrakhiani, N., Henry, L., Cheung, R., Tamori, A., Kumada, T., Tanaka, Y., Yu, M., Toyoda, H., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2019: 28A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000488653500041

• INCREASING PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SEVERITY OF RENAL INSUFFICIENCY WITH MORTALITY IN PERSONS WITH NAFLD, A UNITED STATES POPULATION-BASED STUDY Le, M., Yeo, Y., Henry, L., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2019: 155A?156A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000488653500238

• SUBSTANTIAL GAP IN ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) PATIENTS IN THE UNITED STATES: A NATIONWIDE STUDY OF 7,124 PATIENTS Ye, Q., Yeo, Y., Dang, N., Kam, L., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2019: 566A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000488653502073

• ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN WEIGHT PERCEPTION AND THE INTENTION TO LOSE WEIGHT AND BETWEEN THE INTENTION TO DIET/EXERCISE AND REPORTED MET/CALORIE COUNT IN PERSONS WITH NAFLD: A US POPULATION-BASED STUDY OF 11,713 PARTICIPANTS, 2001-2014 Nguyen Hoang Vy, Yeo, Y., Zou, B., Le, M., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2019: 753A?754A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000488653502395

• PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATIC STEATOSIS (HS) AND HEPATIC FIBROSIS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) ASSOCIATED WITH HS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYTIC ASSESSMENT OF 57 STUDIES AND 268,151 PARTICIPANTS Zheng, Q., Wu, Y., Zou, B., Yeo, Y., Wu, H., Stave, C., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2019: 570A?571A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000488653502081

• INCREASING PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH NAFLD IN MAINLAND CHINA: A META-ANALYSIS OF 124 STUDIES AND 1,232,281 PARTICIPANTS Wu, Y., Zheng, Q., Zou, B., Yeo, Y., Li, X., Li, J., Feng, Y., Xie, X., Stave, C., Cheung, R., Zhu, Q., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2019: 742A?743A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000488653502378

• DISTRIBUTION OF BMI, SERUM ALT, HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND LIVER FIBROSIS IN ASIANS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF 108 STUDIES WITH 2,260,207 INDIVIDUALS Kam, L., Yeo, Y., Huang, D., Fung, J., Lee, T., Yasuda, S., Wong, V., Saruwatari, J., Barnett, S., Oniki, K., Li, J., Zou, B., Cheung, R., Kumada, T., Yuen, M., Toyoda, H., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2019: 741A?742A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000488653502377

• SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS: A NATURAL HISTORY STUDY TO INCLUDE NAFLD INCIDENCE, DISEASE TRANSITION AND OUTCOMES Wu, Y., Yeo, Y., Zou, B., Li, X., Zheng, Q., Li, J., Xie, X., Feng, Y., Stave, C., Cheung, R., Zhu, Q., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2019: 743A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000488653502379

• THE IMPACT OF COEXISTING HEPATIC STEATOSIS (HS) ON DEVELOPMENT OF CIRRHOSIS,HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) DEVELOPMENT AND HBsAg SEROCLEARANCE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) Li, J., Yang, H., Le, A., Henry, L., Hoang, J., Cheung, R., Yu, M., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2019: 1347A?1348A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000488653505046

• IMPACT OF SVR ON LONG-TERM LIVER-RELATED OUTCOMES: RESULTS OF THE REAL-C REGISTRY AT 23 CENTERS FROM HONG KONG, KOREA, JAPAN AND TAIWAN Tanaka, Y., Toyoda, H., Jun, D., Enomoto, M., Huang, C., Ogawa, E., Yasuda, S., Iio, E., Iwane, S., Haga, H., Dai, C., Jeong, J., Park, S., Wong, G. L., Lee, D., Takahashi, H., Huang, J., Tran, S., Maeda, M., Cheung, R., Ueno, Y., Eguchi, Y., Hayashi, J., Furusyo, N., Tamori, A., Kumada, T., Yu, M., Nguyen, M. H., Ahn, S., Henry, L., Hsu, Y., Huang, C., Jun, M., Jung, J., Kam, L., Lee, M., Liang, P., Mizuta, A., Song, D., Tsai, P., Tseng, C., Yang, H., Yeh, M., Yoon, E., Real-C Investigators WILEY. 2019: 908A?909A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000488653503199

• Changing incidence of reported viral hepatitis in China from 2004 to 2016: an observational study. BMJ open Zhang, M., Wu, R., Xu, H., Uhanova, J., Gish, R., Wen, X., Jin, Q., Gerald, M. Y., Nguyen, M. H., Gao, Y., Niu, J. 2019; 9 (8): e028248

  Abstract

  OBJECTIVE: China's national hepatitis burden is high. This study aims to provide a detailed national-level description of the reported incidence of viral hepatitis in China during 2004-2016.DESIGN: Observational study.SETTING: Data were obtained from China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting System, and changing trends were estimated by joinpoint regression analysis.PARTICIPANTS: In this system, 16 927 233 reported viral hepatitis cases occurring during 2004-2016 were identified.PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence rates per 100000 person-years and changing trends were calculated.RESULTS: There were 16 927 233 new cases of viral hepatitis reported in China from 2004 to 2016. Hepatitis B (HBV) (n=13 543 137, 80.00%) and hepatitis C (HCV) (n=1 844 882, 10.90%) accounted for >90% of the cases. The overall annual percent change (APC) in reported cases of viral hepatitis and HBV were 0.3%(95% CI -2.0 to 0.8, p=0.6) and -0.2% (95% CI -1.6 to 1.2, p=0.8), respectively, showing a stable trend. HBV rates were highest in the 20-29year old age group and lowest in younger individuals, likely resulting from the universal HBV vaccination. The reported incidence of HCV and hepatitis E (HEV) showed increasing trends; the APCs were 14.5% (95% CI 13.1 to 15.9, p<0.05) and 4.7% (95% CI 2.8 to 6.7, p<0.05), respectively. The hepatitis A (HAV) reporting incidence decreased, and the APC was -13.1% (95% CI -15.1 to -11.0, p<0.05). There were marked differences in the reporting of hepatitis among provinces.CONCLUSIONS: HBV continues to constitute the majority of viral hepatitis cases in China. Over the entire study period, the HBV reporting incidence was stable, the HCV and HEV incidence increased and the HAV incidence decreased. There were significant interprovincial disparities in the burden of viral hepatitis, with higher rates in economically less-developed areas. Vaccination is important for viral hepatitis prevention and control.

  View details for DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028248

  View details for PubMedID 31427323

• Prevalence of NAFLD in China: What Did We Learn From the Recent Meta-Analysis? Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Wu, Y., Yeo, Y. H., Nguyen, M. H., Cheung, R. C. 2019

  Abstract

  We would like to congratulate Zhou etal for performing the largest meta-analysis to date on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in China. However, we have several concerns with their findings due to the methods they used to determine and report the prevalence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/hep.30892

  View details for PubMedID 31390074

• Associations Between Body Fat, Muscle Mass, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Population-Based Study. Hepatology communications Hsing, J. C., Nguyen, M. H., Yang, B., Min, Y., Han, S. S., Pung, E., Winter, S. J., Zhao, X., Gan, D., Hsing, A. W., Zhu, S., Wang, C. J. 2019; 3 (8): 1061?72

  Abstract

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of liver disease worldwide and has emerged as a significant public health concern in China. A better understanding of the etiology of NAFLD can inform effective management strategies for this disease. We examined factors associated with NAFLD in two districts of Hangzhou, China, focusing on the relationship of regional body fat distribution, muscle mass, and NAFLD. We used baseline data to carry out a cross-sectional analysis among 3,589 participants from the Wellness Living Laboratory (WELL) China study, a longitudinal population-based study that aims to investigate and promote well-being among the Chinese population. NAFLD was defined using the widely validated fatty liver index (FLI). Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to assess independent associations between NAFLD and metabolic risk factors (e.g., insulin resistance) and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived measures (e.g., android fat ratio [AFR] and skeletal muscle index [SMI]). Of the 3,589 participants, 476 (13.3%) were classified as having FLI-defined NAFLD (FLI ?60). Among those, 58.0% were men. According to our analysis, AFR (odds ratio [OR], 10.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.8-18.5), insulin resistance (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 3.0-5.3), high alanine aminotransferase levels (OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 5.8-10.0), smoking (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-3.0), and male sex (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.0-4.2) were positively associated with NAFLD risk, while SMI (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.07-0.13) was inversely associated with NAFLD risk. Conclusion: In addition to known metabolic risk factors, DXA-derived AFR and SMI may provide additional insights to the understanding of NAFLD. Interventions that aim to decrease AFR and increase SMI may be important to reduce the burden of NAFLD in this population.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/hep4.1392

  View details for PubMedID 31388627

• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increases risk of incident advanced chronic kidney disease: A propensity-matched cohort study. Journal of internal medicine Park, H., Dawwas, G. K., Liu, X., Nguyen, M. H. 2019

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND: As the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) escalates, understanding its potential impact on the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is needed.OBJECTIVE: To determine the longitudinal association of NAFLD with the development of advanced CKD in the United States.METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis of the Truven Health MarketScan Database (2006-2015) was conducted. We used Cox proportional hazards models to compare the risk of developing CKD stages 3-5 in NAFLD versus non-NAFLD patients, identified by ICD-9 codes, after 1:3 propensity score (PS) matching.RESULTS: In a cohort of 262,619 newly diagnosed NAFLD patients and 769,878 PS (1:3) - matched non-NAFLD patients, we identified 5766 and 8655 new advanced (stage 3-5) CKD cases, respectively. The crude CKD incidence rate was 8.2 and 5.5 per 1,000 person-years in NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups, respectively. In multivariable Cox model, NAFLD patients had a 41% increased risk of developing advanced CKD compared to non-NAFLD patients [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.36-1.46]. In the sensitivity analysis adjusting for time-varying covariates after NAFLD diagnosis, NAFLD persisted as a significant CKD risk factor (aHR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.52-1.66) and the association remained significant when stratified by age, gender, and pre-existing comorbidities. The risk of CKD increased in NAFLD with compensated cirrhosis (aHR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.36-1.59) and decompensated cirrhosis (aHR, 2.28; 95% CI, 2.12-2.46).CONCLUSION: NAFLD was independently associated with an increased risk of advanced CKD development suggesting renal function screening and regular monitoring are needed in this population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/joim.12964

  View details for PubMedID 31359543

• Antiviral therapy and the development of osteopenia/osteoporosis among Asians with chronic hepatitis Bn JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY Wei, M. T., Le, A. K., Chang, M. S., Hsu, H., Nguyen, P., Zhang, J. Q., Wong, C., Wong, C., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 91 (7): 1288?94

  View details for DOI 10.1002/jmv.25433

  View details for Web of Science ID 000471755300014

• Deferred treatment with a fixed-dose combination of sofosbuvir-velpatasvir for chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1, 2, 4, and 6 infection. Journal of viral hepatitis Asselah, T., Shafran, S. D., Bourgeois, S., Lai, C., Mathurin, P., Willems, B., Nguyen, M. H., Davis, M. N., Huang, K. C., Svarovskaia, E., Osinusi, A., McNally, J., Brainard, D. M., Shaikh, O. S., Tran, T. T. 2019

  Abstract

  Sofosbuvir-velpatasvir is approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In this single-arm, open-label, phase 3, deferred treatment study we investigated the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir-velpatasvir among patients randomized to the placebo group in the ASTRAL-1 study. Patients received sofosbuvir-velpatasvir (400/100 mg) once daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of therapy (SVR12). The primary safety endpoint was any adverse events (AEs) leading to the permanent discontinuation of study drug. Overall, 108/111 (97%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 92-99%) achieved SVR12, and only one patient had virological failure. SVR12 was achieved by 61/63 (97%, 95%CI, 89-100%) genotype 1 patients, 20/20 (100%; 95%CI, 83-100%) with genotype 2, 19/19 (100%; 95%CI, 82-100%) with genotype 4, and 8/9 (89%; 95% CI, 52-100%) with genotype 6. All (19/19; 95%CI, 82-100) patients with cirrhosis, and all (31/31, 95%CI, 89-100) with prior treatment experience achieved SVR12.The safety profile during treatment was similar to that observed in patients receiving placebo treatment. The most common AEs were headache, fatigue, and nausea. One patient (1%) discontinued treatment due to an AE of gallbladder carcinoma, which was not considered related to treatment. Of five reported serious AEs, none were considered related to study drug. Sofosbuvir-velpatasvir for 12 weeks was effective and well-tolerated among untreated and previously treated patients with HCV genotype 1, 2, 4, or 6 infection, including those with compensated cirrhosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/jvh.13159

  View details for PubMedID 31216086

• Reduced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk vs Bleeding Risk Associated With Aspirin JAMA ONCOLOGY Chien, N., Yeo, Y., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 5 (6): 911

  View details for DOI 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.0614

  View details for Web of Science ID 000474872000029

• Changing Landscape of Liver Cancer in California: A Glimpse Into the Future of Liver Cancer in the United States JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE Han, S. S., Kelly, S. P., Li, Y., Yang, B., Nguyen, M., So, S., Rosenberg, P. S., Hsing, A. W. 2019; 111 (6): 550?56

  View details for DOI 10.1093/jnci/djy180

  View details for Web of Science ID 000474267400005

• Hospital Cirrhosis Volume and Readmission in Patients with Cirrhosis in California (vol 63, pg 2267, 2018) DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES Wei, M., Ford, J., Li, Q., Jeong, D., Kwong, A. J., Nguyen, M. H., Chang, M. S. 2019; 64 (5): 1392?94

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-019-05558-x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000466886100045

• Red blood cell distribution width to albumin ratio as a novel prognostic indicator for patients with chronic hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis Huang, R., Wang, J., Henry, L., Zhang, Z., Zhu, C., Nguyen, M., Wu, C. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2019: E694?E695

  View details for Web of Science ID 000463481703140

• Mac-2 Binding Protein Glycosylation Isomer as a Hepatocellular Carcinoma Marker in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B or C Infection HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS Jun, T., Hsu, Y., Ogawa, S., Huang, Y., Yeh, M., Tseng, C., Huang, C., Tai, C., Dai, C., Huang, J., Chuang, W., Yu, M., Tanaka, Y., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 3 (4): 493?503

  View details for DOI 10.1002/hep4.1321

  View details for Web of Science ID 000462816200005

• Prevalence of Undetectable Vaccine-Induced Immunity Against Hepatitis B Virus in US Adults at High Risk for Infection HEPATOLOGY Yeo, Y., Le, M. H., Chang, E. T., Henry, L., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 69 (4): 1385?97

  View details for DOI 10.1002/hep.30285

  View details for Web of Science ID 000462612400006

• Changes in Renal Function in Patients With Chronic HBV Infection Treated With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate vs Entecavir CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY Trinh, S., Le, A. K., Chang, E. T., Hoang, J., Jeong, D., Chung, M., Lee, M., Wang, U., Henry, L., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 17 (5): 948-+

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.08.037

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461795700029

• Hepatitis B and renal function: A matched study comparing non-hepatitis B, untreated, treated and cirrhotic hepatitis patients LIVER INTERNATIONAL Vinh Vu, Trinh, S., An Le, Johnson, T., Hoang, J., Jeong, D., Henry, L., Barnett, S., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 39 (4): 655?66

  View details for DOI 10.1111/liv.14009

  View details for Web of Science ID 000462572800010

• Poor Adherence to Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection at Primary Care and Referral Practices CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY Nguyen, V. H., Le, A. K., Trinh, H. N., Chung, M., Johnson, T., Wong, C., Wong, C., Zhang, J., Li, J., Levitt, B. S., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Henry, L., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 17 (5): 957-+

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.10.012

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461795700030

• Prognostic value of various liver scoring systems in cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients with and without tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment Choi, J., Liu, K., Le, A., Wong, V., Chan, S. L., Nguyen, M., Lim, Y., Wong, G. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2019: E461

  View details for Web of Science ID 000463481701491

• Long-term renal and bone safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis Liu, K., Choi, J., Le, A., Wong, V., Chan, S. L., Nguyen, M., Lim, Y., Wong, G. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2019: E475?E476

  View details for Web of Science ID 000463481702026

• Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis reduces hepatic decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma and death Liu, K., Choi, J., Le, A., Wong, V., Chan, S. L., Nguyen, M., Lim, Y., Wong, G. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2019: E475

  View details for Web of Science ID 000463481702025

• Correction to: Hospital Cirrhosis Volume and Readmission in Patients with Cirrhosis in California. Digestive diseases and sciences Wei, M., Ford, J., Li, Q., Jeong, D., Kwong, A. J., Nguyen, M. H., Chang, M. S. 2019

  Abstract

  The original version of the article unfortunately contained errors in 'Severity of illness' and 'Hospital characteristics' entries of Table1. Corrected version of Table1 is given below.

  View details for PubMedID 30868408

• Rising Inpatient Encounters and Economic Burden for Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the USA DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES Nguyen, A. L., Park, H., Nguyen, P., Sheen, E., Kim, Y. A., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 64 (3): 698?707

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-018-5326-7

  View details for Web of Science ID 000459414300016

• GALAD Score for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection in Comparison with Liver Ultrasound and Proposal of GALADUS Score CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION Yang, J., Addissie, B. D., Mara, K. C., Harmsen, W. S., Dai, J., Zhang, N., Wongjarupong, N., Ali, H. M., Ali, H. A., Hassan, F. A., Lavu, S., Cvinar, J. L., Giama, N. H., Moser, C. D., Miyabe, K., Allotey, L. K., Algeciras-Schimnich, A., Theobald, J., Ward, M. M., Nguyen, M. H., Befeler, A. S., Reddy, K., Schwartz, M., Harnois, D. M., Yamada, H., Srivastava, S., Rinaudo, J., Gores, G. J., Feng, Z., Marrero, J. A., Roberts, L. R. 2019; 28 (3): 531?38

  View details for DOI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0281

  View details for Web of Science ID 000465326400014

• Ezetimibe decreased nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score but not hepatic steatosis KOREAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE Lee, H., Jun, D., Kim, H., Oh, H., Saeed, W., Ahn, H., Cheung, R. C., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 34 (2): 296-+

  View details for DOI 10.3904/kjim.2017.194

  View details for Web of Science ID 000459694200008

• A Comparison Between Community and Academic Practices in the USA in the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Receiving Entecavir: Results of the ENUMERATE Study DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES Lee, H. M., Ahn, J., Kim, W., Lim, J. K., Nguyen, M., Pan, C. Q., Kim, D., Mannalithara, A., Te, H., Huy Trinh, Chu, D., Tram Tran, Woog, J., Lok, A. S. 2019; 64 (2): 358?66

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-018-5281-3

  View details for Web of Science ID 000457497500013

• Reply. Gastroenterology Yeo, Y. H., Nguyen, M. H. 2019

  View details for DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.05.046

  View details for PubMedID 31150598

• Only one-third of hepatocellular carcinoma cases are diagnosed via screening or surveillance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology Zhao, C., Xing, F., Yeo, Y. H., Jin, M., Le, R., Le, M., Jin, M., Henry, L., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2019

  Abstract

  Early hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis is associated with better long-term survival. Studies of at-risk patients who are monitored in routine practice have reported an overall adherence rate to hepatocellular carcinoma screening/surveillance of approximately 60% and suboptimal diagnostic efficacy of the current screening/surveillance tools. However, it is unclear how many hepatocellular carcinoma patients were actually diagnosed via screening/surveillance given these obstacles. Therefore, via a systematic review of PubMed and Scopus databases from 2000 to 2019, we aimed to identify the proportion of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed via screening/surveillance in routine practice.We included original research articles of studies of patients already diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma that reported the proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed via screening/surveillance.The study included 60 studies and 50 554 hepatocellular carcinoma cases. The pooled proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by screening/surveillance was 37% (95% confidence interval: 31%-44%) and differed by geographic region (North America/Asia/Europe/Oceania/Africa/South America, 31%/42%/41%/30%/29%/47%, P = 0.017, respectively) and by surveillance interval (<12 months 39% vs. 12 months 19%, P < 0.01) but not by disease etiology, cirrhosis status, clinical setting, practice setting, hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis period, or surveillance method.Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed via screening/surveillance in less than half of the patients (37%) regardless of healthcare setting or liver disease etiology and without improvement over time despite several recent guideline updates. Research is needed to understand the barriers to screening/surveillance to include medical as well as social and cultural influences.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MEG.0000000000001523

  View details for PubMedID 31490419

• Nonliver Comorbidities in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B. Clinical liver disease Wei, M. T., Henry, L., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 14 (3): 126?30

  View details for DOI 10.1002/cld.829

  View details for PubMedID 31632664

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6784802

• Antiviral therapy and hepatocellular carcinoma risk in hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology Gao, X., Yang, H. I., Trinh, H., Jeong, D., Li, J., Zhang, J., Le, A., Hoang, J., Nguyen, P., Henry, L., Nguyen, M. H. 2019

  Abstract

  Our goal was to evaluate the effect of antiviral therapy on hepatocellular carcinoma incidence for cirrhotic patients with lower hepatitis B virus DNA levels.Consecutive cirrhosis patients from a US cohort (n = 381) and 408 patients from a Taiwan cohort were enrolled. Patients were classified into a low (<20 IU/ml) and high hepatitis B virus DNA group (?20 IU/ml), and each was further stratified into treated and untreated subgroups.Except for hepatitis B e antigen, baseline characteristics were similar for both hepatitis B virus DNA groups. Antiviral therapy significantly reduced hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B virus DNA ?20 IU/ml at 5-years (12.2% vs. 22.8%) and 10-years (23.3% vs. 37.2%) (P = 0.0018). For cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B virus DNA <20 IU/ml, there was no statistically significant difference in cumulative hepatocellular carcinoma incidence between the treated and untreated groups. After adjusting for age, sex, and hepatitis B e antigen status, antiviral therapy was an independent predictor (hazard ratio 0.43, P < 0.0001) for reduced hepatocellular carcinoma risk in patients with hepatitis B virus DNA ?20 IU/ml.Antiviral therapy was associated with a 57% reduction in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis and hepatitis B virus DNA as low as 20 IU/ml (but no lower). However, hepatocellular carcinoma incidence remained substantial, regardless of hepatitis B virus DNA levels and treatment status, highlighting the need for ongoing hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance for all cirrhotic hepatitis B virus patients.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MEG.0000000000001639

  View details for PubMedID 32129773

• Low Alanine Aminotransferase Cut-Off for Predicting Liver Outcomes; A Nationwide Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study. Journal of clinical medicine Park, J. H., Choi, J., Jun, D. W., Han, S. W., Yeo, Y. H., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 8 (9)

  Abstract

  Recent practice guidelines suggest healthy normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels should be less than 30 U/L for males and 19 U/L for females. We tried to validate the prediction power of the "low cut off" for liver related outcomes in the general population.A total of 426,013 subjects were followed up for 10 years using the National Health Screening Cohort database. Prediction ability of long term mortality and liver related outcomes between conventional (<40 U/L in men and women) and low (<30 U/L in men and <19 U/L in women) ALT cut-off values were compared.Both conventional and low ALT cut-offs predicted liver related unfavorable outcomes in Kaplan-Meier analysis. Following adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption, fasting blood glucose, and cholesterol via multivariate Cox regression, abnormal ALT using new 'low ALT cut off' was a significant independent predictor for liver-related mortality, HCC, and decompensated liver events. When the low cut-off criteria were added to the prediction model, the ability to predetect liver-related hard outcomes significantly increased in both men and women (p-values < 0.0001). The C-index values for predicting liver-related adverse events were the same in both ALT cut-offs, after adjusting confounding factors (C index value: 0.73~0.88).New low ALT cut-off showed good prediction power for liver related unfavorable outcomes.

  View details for DOI 10.3390/jcm8091445

  View details for PubMedID 31514449

• Reduced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk vs Bleeding Risk Associated With Aspirin. JAMA oncology Chien, N., Yeo, Y. H., Nguyen, M. H. 2019

  View details for PubMedID 31046061

• An Automated, Quantitative, and Multiplexed Assay Suitable for Point-of-Care Hepatitis B Virus Diagnostics. Scientific reports Gani, A. W., Wei, W., Shi, R. Z., Ng, E., Nguyen, M., Chua, M. S., So, S., Wang, S. X. 2019; 9 (1): 15615

  Abstract

  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has a global reach with high prevalence in resource-limited areas like China and Africa. HBV patients in these areas have limited access to the currently used, costly HBV assays, which are performed in centralized clinical laboratories using single-plexed assays with bulky and expensive instruments. We aim to overcome these limitations by developing a simple and affordable HBV diagnostic platform to allow for timelier diagnosis and intervention of HBV infection. Using giant magnetoresistive (GMR) biosensor chips, we developed an automated and multiplexed quantitative platform for the measurement of a panel of HBV serology markers, including HBV "e" antigen (HBeAg), HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), and the antibody against HBsAg (anti-HBs). Our assay platform was able to detect each HBV marker with high specificity and sensitivity (with three orders of magnitude in dynamic range for each marker). Blinded analysis of HBV patient sera showed excellent correlation between our multiplexed quantitative HBsAg results and the qualitative results obtained using FDA-approved immunoassays, as well as those obtained using quantitative, single-plexed, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The portable, automated, multiplexed, quantitative HBV serology assay platform we designed shows great promise as a more accessible alternative for HBV screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41598-019-52147-z

  View details for PubMedID 31666635

• Hip fracture risk in patients with cirrhosis: does diabetes mellitus matter? Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Nguyen, M. H. 2019

  Abstract

  In this article, Dr. Lai discusses the risk of hip fractures in persons with cirrhosis and when diabetes is present, the risk for hip fracture is 2.5 times greater (9.72 vs. 22.3 per 1000 person-years). [1] We agree with the author that the presence of cirrhosis carries risk for many other comorbidities to include bone fractures. [2] In addition, the presence of diabetes in the presence of liver disease is known to hasten liver disease progression so when both are present the risk of having more severe comorbidities would also likely increase. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/hep.30560

  View details for PubMedID 30762889

• Antiviral therapy and the development of osteopenia/osteoporosis among Asians with chronic hepatitis B. Journal of medical virology Wei, M. T., Le, A. K., Chang, M. S., Hsu, H., Nguyen, P., Zhang, J. Q., Wong, C., Wong, C., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2019

  Abstract

  Recent studies have suggested a potential increase in the incidence of osteoporosis for patients receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), but this issue remains controversial.Retrospective cohort study of 1,224 Asian chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients >18 years without baseline osteopenia/osteoporosis seen at four U.S. centers from 2008-2016. Patients were categorized into three groups-treatment naive patients who initiated therapy with TDF (1) or entecavir (ETV) (2), or untreated patients (3). Patients were followed until development of osteopenia/osteoporosis or end of study.Of the 1,224 study patients, 276 were treated with TDF, 335 with ETV, and 613 were untreated. The prevalence of cirrhosis was lower for untreated patients (2.6% vs. 16.3% for TDF and 17.6% for ETV, p<0.001). The 8-year cumulative incidence rate of osteopenia/osteoporosis was 13.17% for TDF, 15.09% for ETV and 10.17% for untreated patients, with no statistically significant difference among the three groups (p=0.218). On multivariate Cox regression controlling for demographics, osteoporosis risk factors, albumin, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels, neither TDF (adjusted HR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.34, 1.59) nor ETV (adjusted HR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.90) were associated with increased osteopenia/osteoporosis risk compared to untreated patients.Our retrospective study suggests there is no significant increase in incidence of osteopenia/osteoporosis for CHB patients treated with TDF or ETV during median follow-up of about 4-5 years. However, further study with longer follow-up is needed as anti-HBV therapy is often lifelong or long-term and the development of osteopenia/osteoporosis can be a slow process. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  View details for PubMedID 30776311

• Mac-2 Binding Protein Glycosylation Isomer as a Hepatocellular Carcinoma Marker in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B or C Infection. Hepatology communications Jun, T., Hsu, Y. C., Ogawa, S., Huang, Y. T., Yeh, M. L., Tseng, C. H., Huang, C. F., Tai, C. M., Dai, C. Y., Huang, J. F., Chuang, W. L., Yu, M. L., Tanaka, Y., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 3 (4): 493?503

  Abstract

  Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) is a novel glycoprotein biomarker that correlates with liver fibrosis. It has been investigated in East Asian populations as a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarker. We assessed M2BPGi as an HCC biomarker in an ethnically diverse cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We enrolled 947 treatment-naive patients mono-infected with HBV or HCV without HCC at baseline. Biomarker levels were measured from baseline sera and correlated with longitudinal clinical data. The primary outcome was HCC occurrence during long-term follow-up. Median M2BPGi was significantly higher among patients with cirrhosis (2.67 versus 0.80; P < 0.001) and patients who developed HCC (3.22 versus 1.16; P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) for M2BPGi and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was similar overall (0.77 versus 0.72; P = 0.15), but M2BPGi outperformed AFP among patients with HBV (0.84 versus 0.75; P = 0.02). M2BPGi performed poorly among patients with HCV (AUROC, 0.51). M2BPGi was an independent predictor of HCC among patients with HBV but not among patients with HCV. M2BPGi performed better in patient subgroups with a lower prevalence of cirrhosis. Conclusion: In our HBV cohort, M2BPGi was more effective than AFP in predicting HCC and was an independent predictor of HCC. However, M2BPGi had limited predictive value in our HCV cohort, likely due to a high cirrhosis burden in this cohort. Further studies are needed to evaluate M2BPGi as an HCC biomarker in broader patient populations with more diverse disease etiology, non-Asian ethnicity, and more advanced fibrosis.

  View details for PubMedID 30976740

• Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Renal Function Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study on Its Relationship From 1999 to 2016. Hepatology communications Le, M. H., Yeo, Y. H., Henry, L., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 3 (10): 1334?46

  Abstract

  There is growing evidence that links nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with impairment of renal function. As such, we aimed to demonstrate the trend of NAFLD, NAFLD with renal insufficiency (RI), disease awareness, and mortality over time. Patient data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2016. A total of 14,255 adult study participants without competing liver disease or heavy drinking and with complete laboratory data were included. NAFLD was defined using the U.S. Fatty Liver Index (USFLI) and RI was defined using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation and urine albumin:creatinine ratio. Death data were obtained from the National Death Index (up to December 31, 2015). Prevalence of NAFLD in participants was 31.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30.01-32.46); of these participants, 22.05% (95% CI, 20.34-23.85) had RI. From 1999 to 2016, prevalence of both NAFLD without RI (P = 0.048) and NAFLD-RI (P = 0.006) increased significantly. Among those with NAFLD-RI, awareness of kidney disease was 8.56% (95% CI, 6.69-10.89), while awareness of liver disease among all NAFLD was 4.49% (95% CI, 3.17-6.33). Among those with NAFLD, mortality incidence per 1,000 person years was highest among those with severe RI in all-cause mortality (104.4; 95% CI, 83.65-130.39) and other residual causes of mortality (mean, 50.88; 95% CI, 37.02-69.93). Conclusion: Prevalence of NAFLD and NAFLD-RI has increased over the past 2 decades in the United States. Low kidney disease and liver disease awareness are major public health issues as those with NAFLD-RI have significantly higher mortality than those with only NAFLD.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/hep4.1408

  View details for PubMedID 31592492

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6771162

• Chronic hepatitis B and NASH: Is "fat" all bad? Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Li, J., Cheung, R. C., Nguyen, M. H. 2019

  Abstract

  We read with interest the recent paper by Choi et al(1) on the impact of biopsy-proven NASH on CHB outcomes. The study concluded that compared to patients with CHB alone, CHB patients with concomitant NASH were more likely to have advanced fibrosis (F3/4) and shorter time to liver complications, and that superimposed NASH predicted poorer outcomes in those with advanced fibrosis. However, prior studies have also suggested that CHB patients with co-existing hepatic steatosis may not be at higher risk for disease progression; and in fact, more favorable long-term outcomes were even reported by some.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/hep.30983

  View details for PubMedID 31595532

• Rationale and design of the Hepatocellular carcinoma Early Detection Strategy study: A multi-center longitudinal initiative of the National Cancer Institute's Early Detection Research Network CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS Borges, K. A., Dai, J., Parikh, N. D., Schwartz, M., Nguyen, M. H., Roberts, L. R., Befeler, A. S., Srivastava, S., Rinaudo, J., Feng, Z., Marrero, J. A., Reddy, K. 2019; 76: 49?54

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cct.2018.11.008

  View details for Web of Science ID 000456756800007

• Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients Chronic Viral Hepatitis without Cirrhosis: The Impact of Hepatitis B and C Viral Replication. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver Younossi, Z. M., Stepanova, M., Younossi, I., Papatheodoridis, G., Janssen, H. L., Agarwal, K., Nguyen, M. H., Gane, E., Tsai, N., Nader, F. 2019

  Abstract

  Chronic infections with hepatitis B or C (HBV and HCV) are associated with adverse clinical outcomes and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). The aim is to compare PRO scores in patients with chronic HBV and HCV without advanced liver disease before and after suppression/clearance of their infection.Patients with HCV and HBV infection prior to initiation of antiviral treatment and after viral suppression/eradication completed PRO questionnaires.We included 132 patients with HBV and 132 matched patients with HCV. Baseline PRO scores were significantly higher in patients with HBV in the domains of Physical Functioning, Role Physical, Bodily Pain, Social Functioning, and Role Emotional of SF-36, SF-6D utility, Emotional and Fatigue domains of CLDQ, Presenteeism and total Work Productivity Impairment of WPAI:SHP in comparison to patients with HCV by 5.8% to 13.2% of a PRO score range (all p<0.05). After viral suppression (HBV DNA<20IU/mL after 48 weeks of treatment for HBV) or eradication (SVR-12 for HCV), only Physical Functioning and Role Physical scores remained higher in HBV by 6.7%-9.9%, while other PRO scores became similar between HBV and HCV groups (p>0.05). The most prominent improvement of PROs in HCV was noted in Vitality, Emotional, Fatigue, and Worry domains. In addition, General Health, Worry, and Work Productivity scores were the most improved in HBV.Prior to treatment, PRO scores were lower in patients with HCV in comparison to HBV. After successful treatment, both groups of patients experienced improvement in some PRO domains confirming the positive impact of treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/liv.14171

  View details for PubMedID 31173468

• Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate reduces hepatocellular carcinoma, decompensation and death in chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Liu, K., Choi, J., Le, A., Yip, T. C., Wong, V. W., Chan, S. L., Chan, H. L., Nguyen, M. H., Lim, Y. S., Wong, G. L. 2019

  Abstract

  Lamivudine and entecavir reduce hepatic events and death in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with cirrhosis, but the impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is less well studied.To investigate the effectiveness of TDF therapy in CHB patients with cirrhosis.We studied TDF-treated and untreated CHB patients with cirrhosis from three tertiary centres. TDF cohort included consecutive patients who received TDF for ?12 months while the untreated cohort were historical controls receiving routine clinical care prior to the availability of anti-viral therapy. The primary outcome was 5-year cumulative probability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with secondary outcomes being hepatic decompensation and death or liver transplantation (LT).A total of 1088 (291 untreated and 797 TDF-treated) patients were included in the study. Five-year cumulative probabilities in untreated vs TDF-treated cohorts were 14.9% vs 9.8% for HCC (P = .07), 22.3% vs 5.9% for decompensation (P < .01) and 13.1% vs 1.1% for death or LT (P < .01) respectively. On multivariable Cox regression, TDF treatment was independently associated with reduced risks of HCC (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.46, P < .01), decompensating events (aHR 0.28, P = .01) and death or LT (aHR 0.06, P < .01). On sensitivity analyses, these risk reductions with TDF treatment were consistently demonstrated regardless of severity of liver disease and prior anti-viral treatment. TDF treatment led to sustained improvements in most validated prognostic scores for predicting HCC, decompensation and death.Compared to untreated patients, TDF treatment reduces the risks of HCC, hepatic decompensation and death in CHB patients with cirrhosis at 5 years.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.15499

  View details for PubMedID 31524304

• Reply to LTE 19-00352. Gastroenterology Yeo, Y. H., Nguyen, M. H. 2019

  View details for DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.05.046

  View details for PubMedID 31150608

• Pathologic Response to Pretransplant Locoregional Therapy is Predictive of Patient Outcome After Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Analysis From the US Multicenter HCC Transplant Consortium. Annals of surgery DiNorcia, J., Florman, S. S., Haydel, B., Tabrizian, P., Ruiz, R. M., Klintmalm, G. B., Senguttuvan, S., Lee, D. D., Taner, C. B., Verna, E. C., Halazun, K. J., Hoteit, M., Levine, M. H., Chapman, W. C., Vachharajani, N., Aucejo, F., Nguyen, M. H., Melcher, M. L., Tevar, A. D., Humar, A., Mobley, C., Ghobrial, M., Nydam, T. L., Amundsen, B., Markmann, J. F., Berumen, J., Hemming, A. W., Langnas, A. N., Carney, C. A., Sudan, D. L., Hong, J. C., Kim, J., Zimmerman, M. A., Rana, A., Kueht, M. L., Jones, C. M., Fishbein, T. M., Markovic, D., Busuttil, R. W., Agopian, V. G. 2019

  Abstract

  MINI: In a large, multicenter study of patients undergoing liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma, complete pathologic response (cPR) to pretransplant locoregional therapy (LRT) portended significantly superior overall and recurrence-free survival. Multivariable predictors of cPR included age, sex, liver disease diagnosis, MELD, AFP, NLR, radiographic Milan status, and number of LRT treatments.The aim of the study was to determine the rate, predictors, and impact of complete pathologic response (cPR) to pretransplant locoregional therapy (LRT) in a large, multicenter cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT).LRT is used to mitigate waitlist dropout for patients with HCC awaiting LT. Degree of tumor necrosis found on explant has been associated with recurrence and overall survival, but has not been evaluated in a large, multicenter study.Comparisons were made among patients receiving pre-LT LRT with (n = 802) and without (n = 2637) cPR from the United States Multicenter HCC Transplant Consortium (UMHTC), and multivariable predictors of cPR were identified using logistic regression.Of 3439 patients, 802 (23%) had cPR on explant. Compared with patients without cPR, cPR patients were younger; had lower Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores, AFP levels, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios (NLR); were more likely to have tumors within Milan criteria and fewer LRT treatments; and had significantly lower 1-, 3-, and 5-year incidence of post-LT recurrence (1.3%, 3.5%, and 5.2% vs 6.2%, 13.5%, and 16.4%; P < 0.001) and superior overall survival (92%, 84%, and 75% vs 90%, 78%, and 68%; P < 0.001). Multivariable predictors of cPR included age, sex, liver disease diagnosis, MELD, AFP, NLR, radiographic Milan status, and number of LRT treatments (C-statistic 0.67).For LT recipients with HCC receiving pretransplant LRT, achieving cPR portends significantly lower posttransplant recurrence and superior survival. Factors predicting cPR are identified, which may help prioritize patients and guide LRT strategies to optimize posttransplant cancer outcomes.

  View details for PubMedID 30870180

• Reduced Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhotic and Noncirrhotic Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Treated With Tenofovir-A Propensity Score-Matched Study JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES Nguyen, M. H., Yang, H., Le, A., Henry, L., Nguyen, N., Lee, M., Zhang, J., Wong, C., Wong, C., Huy Trinh 2019; 219 (1): 10?18

  View details for DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiy391

  View details for Web of Science ID 000458610200004

• Individual surveillance using model-based hepatocellular carcinoma risk estimates in chronic hepatitis C patients after antiviral treatment JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY Ji, F., Yeo, Y., He, C., Li, J., Gao, X., Li, Z., Henry, L., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 70 (1): 209?11

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.09.016

  View details for Web of Science ID 000453228900026

• Combining hepatitis B core-related and surface antigens at end of nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment to predict off-therapy relapse risk ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Hsu, Y., Nguyen, M. H., Mo, L., Wu, M., Yang, T., Chen, C., Tseng, C., Tai, C., Wu, C., Lin, J., Tanaka, Y., Chang, C. 2019; 49 (1): 107?15

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.15058

  View details for Web of Science ID 000452872100013

• Clinical Features Associated with Survival Outcome in African-American Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Estevez, J., Yang, J., Leong, J., Nguyen, P., Giama, N. H., Zhang, N., Ali, H. A., Lee, M., Cheung, R., Roberts, L., Schwartz, M., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 114 (1): 80?88

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41395-018-0261-y

  View details for Web of Science ID 000463156500014

• Healthcare resource utilization and costs by disease severity in an insured national sample of US patients with chronic hepatitis B JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY Nguyen, M. H., Ozbay, A., Liou, I., Meyer, N., Gordon, S. C., Dusheiko, G., Lim, J. K. 2019; 70 (1): 24?32

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.09.021

  View details for Web of Science ID 000453228900007

• Sustained virologic response rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 6 treated with ledipasvir plus sofosbuvir or sofosbuvir plus velpatasvir ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Nguyen, E., Trinh, S., Huy Trinh, Huy Nguyen, Khanh Nguyen, Do, A., Levitt, B., Do, S., My Nguyen, Purohit, T., Shieh, E., Nguyen, M. H. 2019; 49 (1): 99?106

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.15043

  View details for Web of Science ID 000452872100012

• Comparison of renal safety of tenofovir and entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis B: Systematic review with meta-analysis. World journal of gastroenterology Lee, H. Y., Oh, H., Park, C. H., Yeo, Y. H., Nguyen, M. H., Jun, D. W. 2019; 25 (23): 2961?72

  Abstract

  Recently, the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease suggested no preference between tenofovir (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) regarding potential long-term risks of renal complications. Over the years, renal safety has become a critical concern in nucleos(t)ide analog-treated patients due to the long-term use of these drugs. However, existing studies do not show significant differences in renal dysfunction between these two drugs. Further, there is a paucity of studies comparing the long-term renal effects of TDF and ETV.To investigate the effects of TDF and ETV on renal function, we performed systematic review and meta-analysis.Two investigators independently searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Embase databases for randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies (NRSs) using the keywords "CHB", "Tenofovir", and "Entecavir", and additional references were obtained from the bibliographies of relevant articles published through December 2017. The quality of each study was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. The primary outcome was the change in serum creatinine level in the TDF and ETV groups at baseline, 6 mo, 12 mo and 24 mo.Nine NRSs comprising 2263 participants met the inclusion criteria. Changes in creatinine levels were higher in the TDF group than in the ETV group at 6 mo [mean difference (MD) = 0.03 mg/dL; 95%CI: 0.02-0.04; I2 = 0%], 12 mo (MD = 0.05 mg/dL; 95%CI: 0.02-0.08; I2 = 78%), and 24 mo (MD = 0.07 mg/dL; 95%CI: 0.01-0.13; I2 = 93%). The change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was significantly higher in the TDF group than in the ETV group at 6 mo [standardized mean difference (SMD), -0.22; 95%Cl: -0.36--0.08; I2 = 0%], 12 mo (SMD = -0.24; 95%Cl: -0.43--0.05; I2 = 50%), and 24 mo (-0.35; 95%Cl: -0.61- -0.09; I2 = 67%).TDF statistically significantly increased serum creatinine levels and decreased the eGFR in 6-24 mo compared to ETV, with moderate to low quality of evidence. However, the differences are negligible.

  View details for DOI 10.3748/wjg.v25.i23.2961

  View details for PubMedID 31249453

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6589741

• Genetic analysis reveals functions of atypical polyubiquitin chains ELIFE Gutierrez, F., Simsek, D., Mizrak, A., Deutschbauer, A., Braberg, H., Johnson, J., Xu, J., Shales, M., Nguyen, M., Tamse-Kuehn, R., Palm, C., Steinmetz, L. M., Krogan, N. J., Toczyski, D. P. 2018; 7

  View details for DOI 10.7554/eLife.42955

  View details for Web of Science ID 000454492400001

• Systematic review and meta-analysis: real-world effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral therapies in chronic hepatitis C genotype 3 in Asia BMJ OPEN GASTROENTEROLOGY Wei, B., Ji, F., Yeo, Y., Ogawa, E., Stave, C. D., Dang, S., Li, Z., Furusyo, N., Cheung, R. C., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 5 (1)

  View details for DOI 10.1136/bmjgast-2018-000209

  View details for Web of Science ID 000457748000007

• Autoantibodies in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: impact on clinical outcomes and extrahepatic manifestations BMJ OPEN GASTROENTEROLOGY Gilman, A. J., Le, A. K., Zhao, C., Hoang, J., Yasukawa, L. A., Weber, S. C., Vierling, J. M., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 5 (1)

  View details for DOI 10.1136/bmjgast-2018-000203

  View details for Web of Science ID 000457748000002

• Real-world effectiveness of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C genotype 2 in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ OPEN GASTROENTEROLOGY Wei, B., Ji, F., Yeo, Y., Ogawa, E., Zou, B., Stave, C. D., Dang, S., Li, Z., Furusyo, N., Cheung, R. C., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 5 (1)

  View details for DOI 10.1136/bmjgast-2018-000207

  View details for Web of Science ID 000457748000005

• Combining hepatitis B core-related and surface antigens at end of nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment to predict off-therapy relapse risk. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Hsu, Y., Nguyen, M. H., Mo, L., Wu, M., Yang, T., Chen, C., Tseng, C., Tai, C., Wu, C., Lin, J., Tanaka, Y., Chang, C. 2018

  Abstract

  BACKGROUND: There remains an unmet need for convenient biomarkers to assess the risks of discontinuing nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB).AIM: To investigate if hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) is an independent of surface antigen (HBsAg) for risk prediction of NA cessation.METHODS: This prospective multicentre study enrolled 135 CHB patients who stopped entecavir or tenofovir after achieving viral remission for a median of 25.2months. All patients stopped NA with negative HBeAg and undetectable viral DNA, and were then observed for clinical relapse and HBsAg loss. Predictors including HBsAg and HBcrAg levels were explored using Cox proportional hazard model and weighted to develop a risk score.RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 25.9months, clinical relapse and HBsAg loss occurred in 66 and eight patients, respectively, with a 5-year cumulative incidence of 56.1% (95% CI 46.7-66.0%) and 8.8% (95% CI 4.3-17.4%), respectively. HBcrAg was an independent relapse predictor, as well as HBsAg, age, ALT and tenofovir use. A score (SCALE-B) was calculated by the equation of 35*HBsAg (logIU/mL)+20*HBcrAg (log U/mL)+2*age (year)+ALT (U/L)+40 for tenofovir use. The concordance rates for clinical relapse were 0.87, 0.88, 0.87, 0.85 and 0.90 at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5years, respectively. Moreover, HBsAg loss occurred exclusively in low-risk patients predicted by the score.CONCLUSIONS: Serum HBcrAg and HBsAg levels were independent predictors of off-NA relapse and can be factored into a risk score to guide treatment cessation in patients with CHB.

  View details for PubMedID 30450681

• Serum M2BPGi level and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after oral anti-viral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Hsu, Y., Jun, T., Huang, Y., Yeh, M., Lee, C., Ogawa, S., Cho, S., Lin, J., Yu, M., Nguyen, M. H., Tanaka, Y. 2018; 48 (10): 1128?37

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.15006

  View details for Web of Science ID 000449555100009

• Increasing Age and Comorbidities in a Population-based Study of Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Patients from 2007 to 2016 in Korea Jun, D., Oh, H., Ahn, H., Kim, B., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 135

  View details for Web of Science ID 000450260400204

• National Estimates of Overall and Liver-Related Inpatient Care Cost in Cirrhotic Patients with Diverse Etiologies and Ethnicities in the United States (US) Zou, B., Yeo, Y., Jeong, D., Cheung, R., Sheen, E., Park, H., Lee, D., Garcia, G., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 110A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020500176

• Prevalence of Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage Versus Serologic Evidence of Hepatitis B Immunity in Children and Adolescents in the United States, 1999-2016 Le, M., Yeo, Y., So, S. K., Gane, E. J., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 1192A?1193A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020503320

• High Proportion and Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Have Indeterminate Clinical Phenotype As per AASLD 2018 Guidelines Li, X., Yeo, Y., Le, A. K., Lee, D., Trinh, H. N., Zhang, J., Li, J., Wong, C., Wong, C., Yang, H., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 1213A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020503355

• High Prevalence of CKD and Associations between Fibrosis and Mortality in Patients with NAFLD Le, M., Yeo, Y., Tran, S., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 956A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020502476

• Differential Presentation and Survival of Asian and Non-Asian Patients with HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter United States (US) Study. Hoang, J. K., Leong, J., Yang, J., Nguyen, P., Le, A. K., Henry, L., Roberts, L. R., Schwartz, M. E., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 1233A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020503395

• Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen and the Novel Scale-B Score to Predict Relapse Risk after Cessation of Nucleos(t)Ide Analogs in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Hsu, Y., Nguyen, M. H., Mou, L., Wu, M., Yang, T., Chen, C., Tseng, C., Tai, C., Wu, C., Lin, J., Tanaka, Y., Chang, C. WILEY. 2018: 236A?237A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020500400

• Real-World Experience of All-Oral Directly Acting Antivirals in Asian Chronic Hepatitis C Patients-Real-World Evidence from the Asia Liver Consortium for HCV (REAL-C) Huang, C., Iio, E., Jun, D., Ogawa, E., Haga, H., Enomoto, M., Iwane, S., Liu, C., Lee, D., Takahashi, H., Wong, G. H., Yang, H., Hayashi, J., Nomura, H., Nakamuta, M., Dai, C., Huang, J., Jun, M., Lee, M., Tran, S., Henry, L., Kao, J., Eguchi, Y., Tamori, A., Ueno, Y., Tanaka, Y., Furusyo, N., Yu, M., Nguyen, M. H., Ahn, S., Azuma, K., Chuang, W., Dohmen, K., Jeong, J., Jung, J., Kajiwara, E., Kato, M., Kawano, A., Koyanagi, T., Ooho, A., Park, S., Satoh, T., Shimoda, S., Song, D., Takahashi, K., Yeh, M., Yoon, E., REAL-C Investigators WILEY. 2018: 421A?422A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020500724

• The Majority of Previously Uninfected High-Risk Adults in the United States Do Not Have Immunity Against Hepatitis B Virus: A Population-Based Study Yeo, Y., Le, M., Chang, E. T., Henry, L., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 134A?135A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020500216

• Development and Validation of a Risk Score System Inclusive of Antiviral Therapy for Liver Cirrhosis Risk in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Liu, A., Le, A. K., Yang, H., Jin, M., Trinh, H. N., Zhang, J., Li, J., Wong, C., Wong, C., Yu, M., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 1193A?1194A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020503322

• Prevalence of NAFLD and Liver Fibrosis in Asian Americans: A Population Based US Study from Nhanes, 2011-2014 Le, M., Yeo, Y., Tran, S., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 1293A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020503514

• Incidence and Predictors of HBsAg Seroclearance in 10,614 Untreated Patients on Long-Term Follow-up: A Collaborative Study from North America and Asia Pacific Yeo, Y., Ho, H. J., Yang, H., Tseng, T., Trinh, H. N., Park, Y., Hosaka, T., Kwak, M., Fung, J., Ungtrakul, T., Yu, M., Li, J., Zhang, J., Le, A. K., Sriprayoon, T., Tanwandee, T., Yuen, M., Lee, H., Suzuki, F., Kobayashi, M., Kao, J., Wu, C., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 132A?133A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020500213

• A Phenome- Wide Association Study of Patatin-like Phospholipase Domain Containing 3 (PNPLA3) I148M Variant in 337,536 Participants of the UK Biobank Study Yeo, Y., Rao, A., Liu, B., Nguyen, M. H., Ingelsson, E. WILEY. 2018: 65A?66A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020500104

• Effectiveness and Safety of DAA Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C Patients with Previous Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results from a Real-World, Multicenter Study of Asian Countries Ogawa, E., Iio, E., Jun, D., Huang, C., Haga, H., Enomoto, M., Iwane, S., Lee, D., Takahashi, H., Wong, G. H., Yang, H., Hayashi, J., Nomura, H., Nakamuta, M., Dai, C., Huang, J., Jun, M., Lee, M., Tran, S., Henry, L., Eguchi, Y., Tamori, A., Ueno, Y., Yu, M., Tanaka, Y., Furusyo, N., Nguyen, M. H., Ahn, S., Azuma, K., Chuang, W., Dohmen, K., Jeong, J., Jung, J., Kajiwara, E., Kato, M., Kawano, A., Koyanagi, T., Ooho, A., Park, S., Satoh, T., Shimoda, S., Song, D., Takahashi, K., Yeh, M., Yoon, E., Real-C Investigators WILEY. 2018: 34A?35A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020500052

• Serial Changes in Serum Levels of Mac-2 Binding Protein Glycosylation Isomer and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated with Nucleos(t)Ide Analogues Hsu, Y., Jun, T., Huang, Y., Yeh, M., Lin, J., Yu, M., Nguyen, M. H., Tanaka, Y. WILEY. 2018: 230A?231A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020500388

• Ethnic-Specific Prevalence of HBV Infection and Exposure in US-Born and Foreign-Born Persons in the United States from 2011-2016 Le, M., Yeo, Y., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 1212A?1213A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020503354

• The Impact of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) on the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Patients Li, J., Chaung, K. T., Nguyen, P., Le, A. K., Hoang, J. K., Yang, H., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 1189A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020503314

• The Impact of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ( NAFLD) on the Rates of Biochemical and Virological Responses in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Under Antiviral Therapy Chaung, K. T., Li, J., Le, A. K., Hoang, J. K., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 259A?260A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020500439

• Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Increases Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in a Large Cohort of U.S Population Park, H., Liu, X., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 967A?968A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020502495

• Distribution of Etiologies in Cirrhosis Admissions and Its Year Trend Burden in California (CA): A Population-Based Study with the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) Wei, B., Wei, M., Jeong, D., Henry, L., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 461A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020500796

• The Prevalence, Diagnosis Rate, and Treatment Rate of Hepatitis C Infection in the United States: A Nationwide Study Yeo, Y., Jeong, D., Sally Tran, Ogawa, E., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 281A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020500479

• Increasing Age and Comorbidities in a Population-Based Study of Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Patients from 2007 to 2016 in Korea Jun, D., Oh, H., Ahn, H., Kim, B., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 1224A?1225A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020503378

• Increased Prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 164 Studies and 1,704,963 Subjects from 13 Countries Li, J., Zou, B., Yeo, Y., Fujii, H., Lee, D., Ji, F., Ogawa, E., Feng, Y., Xie, X., Wei, M., Ren, W., Qin, C., Zhu, Q., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 983A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020502522

• Initial Evaluation, Laboratory Monitoring, and Surveillance of Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Patients: Results of a Real-World Analysis of 85,922 Commercially-Insured Patients Tran, S., Jeong, D., Yeo, Y., Le, M., Henry, L., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 82A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020500132

• Medical Monitoring Among Cirrhotic Patients in Real World Practice: A Nationwide US Study with 43,915 Cirrhotics Yeo, Y., Jeong, D., Tran, S., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 283A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020500482

• Sex, Time-Period and Birthplace Specific Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Children and Adolescents in the United States during 1999-2016 Zou, B., Yeo, Y., Le, M., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 1193A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020503321

• Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection in Ethnically Diverse US Population Including Asian Americans and US-Born Vs Foreign-Born Persons: A Population-Base Study during 2011-2016 Zou, B., Le, M., Yeo, Y., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2018: 931A?932A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020502431

• Estimations of the Total Number of Undiagnosed Patients and Antiviral Treatment Rate for Chronic Hepatitis B in the United States Ogawa, E., Jeong, D., Yeo, Y., Henry, L., Tran, S., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H., Furusyo, N. WILEY. 2018: 1214A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000446020503357

• Hospital Cirrhosis Volume and Readmission in Patients with Cirrhosis in California DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES Wei, M., Ford, J., Li, Q., Jeong, D., Kwong, A. J., Nguyen, M. H., Chang, M. S. 2018; 63 (9): 2267?74

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-018-4964-0

  View details for Web of Science ID 000441941000017

• Disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence by race/ethnicity and geographic area in California: Implications for prevention CANCER Yang, B., Liu, J. B., So, S. K., Han, S. S., Wang, S. S., Hertz, A., Shariff-Marco, S., Gomez, S., Rosenberg, P. S., Nguyen, M. H., Hsing, A. W. 2018; 124 (17): 3551?59

  View details for DOI 10.1002/cncr.31598

  View details for Web of Science ID 000447376600011

• Higher mortality and hospital charges in patients with cirrhosis and acute respiratory illness: a population-based study SCIENTIFIC REPORTS Zou, B., Yeo, Y., Jeong, D., Sheen, E., Park, H., Nguyen, P., Hsu, Y., Garcia, G., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 8

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41598-018-28317-w

  View details for Web of Science ID 000436955000024

• Temporal Trends in Disease Presentation and Survival of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Real-World Experience From 1998 to 2015 CANCER Kim, N. G., Nguyen, P. P., Dang, H., Kumari, R., Garcia, G., Esquivel, C. O., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 124 (12): 2588?98

  View details for DOI 10.1002/cncr.31373

  View details for Web of Science ID 000434350700019

• Editorial: the durability of seroconversion of hepatitis B e antigen in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B with PEG-interferon alfa-2a ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Wei, M. T., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 47 (11): 1556?57

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.14657

  View details for Web of Science ID 000434038400028

• Multiplexed precision genome editing with trackable genomic barcodes in yeast NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY Roy, K. R., Smith, J. D., Vonesch, S. C., Lin, G., Tu, C., Lederer, A. R., Chu, A., Suresh, S., Nguyen, M., Horecka, J., Tripathi, A., Burnett, W. T., Morgan, M. A., Schulz, J., Orsley, K. M., Wei, W., Aiyar, R. S., Davis, R. W., Bankaitis, V. A., Haber, J. E., Salit, M. L., St Onge, R. P., Steinmetz, L. M. 2018; 36 (6): 512-+

  View details for DOI 10.1038/nbt.4137

  View details for Web of Science ID 000434689200019

• Author response to "Cryptogenic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) had worse overall survival of disease than viral HCC patients" LIVER INTERNATIONAL Jun, T. W., Nguyen, M. H., Yu, M. 2018; 38 (6): 1141

  View details for DOI 10.1111/liv.13680

  View details for Web of Science ID 000434228400023

• More advanced disease and worse survival in cryptogenic compared to viral hepatocellular carcinoma LIVER INTERNATIONAL Jun, T. W., Yeh, M., Yang, J., Chen, V. L., Nguyen, P., Giama, N. H., Huang, C., Hsing, A. W., Dai, C., Huang, J., Chuang, W., Roberts, L. R., Yu, M., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 38 (5): 895?902

  View details for DOI 10.1111/liv.13613

  View details for Web of Science ID 000435855300017

• Suboptimal rates of effective hepatitis B vaccination in adults at high risk of infection in the United States from 1999-2014 Le, M., Lee, D. H., Lee, M., Gane, E., So, S., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S480?S481

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068602177

• Real-world rates of hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review, conventional aggregated data meta-analysis and individual patient data meta-analysis Yeo, Y. H., Ho, H. J., Yang, H., Tseng, T., Kwak, M., Park, Y. M., Fung, Y. J., Ferret, M. B., Rodriguez, M., Preda, C. M., Ungtrakul, T., Charatcharoenwitthaya, P., Li, X., Le, M., Wei, B., Zou, B., Le, A., Jeong, D., Chien, N., Kam, L., Hosaka, T., Barciela, M. R., Suzuki, F., Kobayashi, M., Sriprayoon, T., Chong, Y., Tanwandee, T., Yuen, M., Lee, H., Kao, J., Lok, A., Wu, C., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S478?S479

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)31207-8

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068602174

• Effective hepatitis B vaccination by serologic results in the United States: a population-based study from 1999-2016 Le, M., Lee, D. H., Lee, M., Gane, E., So, S., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S480

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068602176

• Is renal impairment associated with chronic hepatitis B - a propensity score matched study of healthy non-hepatitis B patients compared to patients with untreated chronic hepatitis B Vu, V., Trinh, S., Le, A., Johnson, T., Hoang, J., Jeong, D., Henry, L., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S512?S513

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)31272-8

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068602239

• Higher in-hospital and post-discharge mortality and hospital charges in cirrhotic patients with acute respiratory illness in the United States Zou, B., Yeo, Y. H., Jeong, D., Sheen, E., Park, H., Nguyen, P., Hsu, Y., Garcia, G., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S704?S705

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)31672-6

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068603215

• Using Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac2-binding protein in combination with the FIB-4 index to predict significant liver fibrosis Jun, T., Tanaka, Y., Hsu, Y., Nguyen, M., Yu, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S650?S651

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)31556-3

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068603099

• Validation of AASLD treatment guideline eligibility based on disease outcomes of large community and clinical cohorts of chronic hepatitis B patients Lee, D. H., Le, A., Chung, M., Nguyen, V. H., Johnson, T., Ji, F., Ogawa, E., Trinh, H. N., Zhang, J., Wong, C., Wong, C., Li, J., Yang, H., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S503

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)31253-4

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068602220

• Validation of a clinical scoring system to predict risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in an ethnically diverse cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection Wei, M. T., Le, M. H., Le, A., Trinh, H. N., Wong, G., Landis, C., Zhang, J., Nguyen, P., Lee, M., Ji, F., Lee, D. H., Ogawa, E., Chang, M., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S305?S306

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)30830-4

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068601222

• Soluble cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 and soluble programmed cell death protein-1 are predictive immune checkpoint seromarkers for spontaneous functional cure of chronic hepatitis B with opposite effects Yang, H., Hu, H., Pan, M., Luo, W., Jeng, R., Su, C., Chiang, C., Jen, C., Lu, S., Wang, L., Lee, M., Liu, J., Nguyen, M., Chen, C. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S476

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)31201-7

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068602168

• Renal outcomes in chronic hepatitis b patients treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or entecavir: a propensity score matched study Trinh, S., Le, A., Hoang, J., Jeong, D., Chung, M., Lee, M., Wang, U., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S519?S520

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)31287-X

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068602254

• Adherence to AASLD treatment guidelines on treatment initiation among treatment-eligible patients with chronic hepatitis B: Experiences from primary care and referral practices Nguyen, V. H., Le, A., Chung, M., Johnson, T., Levitt, B., Nguyen, H., Nguyen, K., Trinh, H., Wong, C., Wong, C., Zhang, J., Li, J., Garcia, G., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S505?S506

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)31258-3

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068602225

• Ethnic differences in HCV-related HCC outcomes: Report from the Real-world Evidence by the Asia Pacific Rim Liver Consortium for HCC (REAL-HCC) Prasad, D., Nguyen, P., Guy, J., Yeh, M., Leong, J., Yang, J., Saeed, W., Hsu, Y., Tsai, P., Dai, C., Huang, J., Chen, Y., Jun, D. W., Roberts, L., Schwartz, M., Yu, M., Gane, E., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S304?S305

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)30828-6

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068601220

• Estimated the number of undiagnosed patients and antiviral treatment rate of chronic hepatitis B in the US based on the Truven Health MarketScan Database Ogawa, E., Jeong, D., Yeo, Y. H., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S481?S482

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)31212-1

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068602179

• Performance of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac2-binding protein as an HCC biomarker in an ethnically diverse cohort of patients with chronic HBV and HCV Jun, T., Yu, M., Hsu, Y., Tanaka, Y., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S439

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)31119-X

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068602086

• Clinical presentation and survival of Asian and non-Asian patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC): Results of 767 United States patients with long-term follow-up Hoang, J., Nguyen, P., Leong, J., Yang, J., Le, A., Roberts, L., Schwartz, M., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S443

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)31125-5

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068602092

• The time trend of hospital admissions, inpatient mortality rate, and hospital cost of hospitalizations associated with cirrhosis in the United States: an analysis on the National Inpatient Sample Zou, B., Yeo, Y. H., Jeong, D., Sheen, E., Park, H., Lee, D. H., Garcia, G., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S733

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)31726-4

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068603268

• Sustained virologic response rates (SVR-12) for chronic hepatitis C genotype 6 patients treated with Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir or Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir Nguyen, E., Trinh, S., Trinh, H., Nguyen, H., Nguyen, K., Levitt, B., Nguyen, M., Purohit, T., Shieh, E., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S284?S285

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)30786-4

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068601178

• Sustained virologic response (SVR) to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): a systematic review and meta-analysis Ji, F., Wei, M. T., Yeo, Y. H., Wei, B., Ogawa, E., Lee, D. H., Enomoto, M., Toyoda, H., Bass, M. B., Lubel, J., Ide, T., Preda, C. M., Iio, E., Conti, F., Minami, T., Bielen, R., Sezaki, H., Barone, M., Chu, P., Virlogeux, V., Eurich, D., Kanai, T., Dang, S., Li, Z., Furusyo, N., Zoulim, F., Andreone, P., Cheung, R. C., Tanaka, Y., Tamori, A., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S259?S260

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)30733-5

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068601125

• Treatment of chronic hepatitis B and renal impairment in patients with and without cirrhosis Vu, V., Trinh, S., Le, A., Johnson, T., Hoang, J., Jeong, D., Henry, L., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S511?S512

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)31271-6

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068602238

• Men have higher mortality in cirrhosis: outcomes by gender and etiology in a large, diverse cohort Yeluru, A., Le, M. H., Zhao, C., Nguyen, P., Trinh, S., Le, H., Dang, H., Pura, A., Dang, N., Alviar, B., Tran, S., Johnson, T., Le, A., Hoang, J., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S709?S710

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)31680-5

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068603223

• The time trend of proportion and mortality rate of admissions associated with acute respiratory illness in cirrhotic patients with diverse ethnicityand socioeconomic status: an analysis on the US National Inpatient Sample Zou, B., Yeo, Y. H., Jeong, D., Sheen, E., Park, H., Lee, D. H., Garcia, G., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S146

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)30507-5

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068600290

• Changes in serum levels of the novel mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among chronic hepatitis B patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues Hsu, Y., Jun, T., Yeh, M., Huang, Y., Yu, M., Nguyen, M., Tanaka, Y. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S496?S498

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)31242-X

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068602209

• A risk score combining quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen and core-related antigen levels to predict off-therapy relapse after cessation of nucleos(t)ide analogues in patients with chronic hepatitis B Hsu, Y., Tanaka, Y., Nguyen, M., Chang, C., Tai, C., Tseng, C., Chen, C., Wu, M., Lin, J. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2018: S498

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(18)31243-1

  View details for Web of Science ID 000461068602210

• Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence by Race/Ethnicity and Geographic Area in California: Implications for Prevention. Cancer Yang, B., Liu, J. B., So, S. K., Han, S. S., Wang, S. S., Hertz, A., Shariff-Marco, S., Lin Gomez, S., Rosenberg, P. S., Nguyen, M. H., Hsing, A. W. 2018

  Abstract

  The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been rising rapidly in the United States. California is an ethnically diverse state with the largest number of incident HCC cases in the country. Characterizing HCC disparities in California may inform priorities for HCC prevention.By using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18-Registry Database and the California Cancer Registry, age-adjusted HCC incidence in California from 2009 through 2013 was calculated by race/ethnicity and neighborhood ethnic enclave status. A geographic analysis was conducted using Medical Service Study Areas (MSSAs) as the geographic unit, and race/ethnicity-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to identify MSSAs with higher-than-expected HCC incidence compared with the statewide average.During 2009 through 2013, the age-adjusted incidence of HCC in California was the highest in Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs) and Hispanics (>100% higher than whites), especially those living in more ethnic neighborhoods (20%-30% higher than less ethnic neighborhoods). Of the 542 MSSAs statewide, 42 had elevated HCC incidence (SIR???1.5; lower bound of 95% confidence interval?>?1) for whites, 14 for blacks, 24 for APIs, and 36 for Hispanics. These MSSAs have 24% to 52% higher proportions of individuals below the 100% federal poverty line than other MSSAs.APIs and Hispanics residing in more ethnic neighborhoods and individuals residing in lower income neighborhoods require more extensive preventive efforts tailored toward their unique risk factor profiles. The current race/ethnicity-specific geographic analysis can be extended to other states to inform priorities for HCC targeted prevention at the subcounty level, eventually reducing HCC burden in the country. Cancer 2018;000:000-000. © 2018 American Cancer Society.

  View details for PubMedID 30113700

• Hepatitis B and Renal Function: A Matched Study Comparing Non-Hepatitis B, Untreated, Treated and Cirrhotic Hepatitis Patients. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver Vu, V., Trinh, S., Le, A., Johnson, T., Hoang, J., Jeong, D., Henry, L., Barnett, S., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2018

  Abstract

  Renal impairment is associated with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). To overcome prior study design differences, we used propensity score matching to balance the non- CHB and CHB cohorts and generalized linear modeling (GLM, models using probit and logit linking functions for complex models) to evaluate the effect of CHB, treatment, and cirrhosis on renal function.A retrospective cohort (1996-2017) from one U.S. university medical center. Included patients had ?12 months of serial creatinine labs and a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation) ?60 mL/min/1.73 m2 . Propensity score matching was performed using age, sex, ethnicity, diabetes, hypertension, and baseline eGFR. GLM was performed to generate adjusted mean eGFR over time.Adjusted mean eGFR was significantly higher for non-CHB vs. untreated CHB patients (eGFR 87.4 vs. 85.6, p=0.004, n=580, median follow-up=82 months). A significant difference in adjusted mean eGFR between untreated vs. entecavir (ETV)-treated CHB patients (eGFR 85.1 vs. 83.5, p=0.02, n=340, median follow-up=70 months) was found among non-cirrhotic CHB. Among treated CHB, there was no difference in adjusted mean eGFR between non-cirrhotic vs. cirrhotic patients (eGFR 77.0 vs. 76.5; p=0.66, n=112, median follow-up=58 months).After PSM and GLM, the significant predictors for worsening renal function were age, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus but not CHB, ETV, or cirrhosis. However, given small sample size, data regarding the use of ETV in patients with cirrhosis should be interpreted with caution and requires additional investigation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  View details for PubMedID 30460749

• Poor Adherence to Guidelines for Treatment of Chronic HBV Infection at Primary Care and Referral Practices. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association Nguyen, V. H., Le, A. K., Trinh, H. N., Chung, M., Johnson, T., Wong, C., Wong, C., Zhang, J., Li, J., Levitt, B. S., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Henry, L., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2018

  Abstract

  The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have changed with time. We assessed rates of treatment evaluation and initiation in patients with chronic HBV infection from different practice settings in the past 14 years.Treatment-naïve patients with chronic HBV infection were recruited from different practice settings in California from January 2002 through December 2016. The study population comprised 4130 consecutive, treatment-naïve patients with chronic HBV infection seen by community primary care physicians (n=616), community gastroenterologists (n=2251), or university hepatologists (n=1263). Treatment eligibility was assessed using data from the first 6 months after initial presentation based on AASLD criteria adjusted for changes over time.Within the first 6 months of care, the proportions of patients evaluated by all 3 relevant tests (measurements of alanine aminotransferase, hepatitis B virus e-antigen, and HBV DNA) were: 36.69% of in community primary care, 59.80% in gastroenterologist care, and 79.97% in the hepatology care (P<.0001 among the three groups). Higher proportions of patients were eligible for treatment in specialty practices: 12.76% in community primary care, 24.96% in gastroenterologist care, and 29.43% in hepatology care (P<.0001). Among treatment-eligible patients, there was no significant difference in the proportions of patients who began antiviral therapy between those receiving treatment from a gastroenterologist (55.65%) vs a hepatologist (57.90%; P=.56). Of 243 evaluable patients receiving community primary care, only 31 were eligible for treatment and only 12 of these (38.71%) received treatment.In an analysis of patients receiving care for chronic HBV infection, we found the proportions evaluated and receiving treatment to be suboptimal, according to AASLD criteria, in all practice settings. However, rates of evaluation and treatment were lowest for patients receiving community primary care.

  View details for PubMedID 30326298

• Rising Inpatient Encounters and Economic Burden for Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the USA. Digestive diseases and sciences Nguyen, M. H., Nguyen, A. L., Park, H., Nguyen, P., Sheen, E., Kim, Y. A. 2018

  Abstract

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the fastest-growing chronic liver disease. However, little is known about NAFLD inpatient resource utilization and clinical outcomes.The aim of this study was to quantify inpatient NAFLD encounters using patient-level data over time.This was a retrospective analysis of de-identified data for NAFLD patients from the California Patient Discharge Database from 2006 to 2013. NAFLD patients were identified by ICD9 codes 571.40, 571.41, 571.49, 571.8, and 571.9.NAFLD patients (n?=?91,558) were predominantly female (60%), 45-65 years old (44%), and white (53%). Inpatient encounters increased from 8153 in 2006 to 16,457 in 2013 and were associated with a 207% increase in charges ($686 million in 2006 to $1.42 billion in 2013) and average increase in charges of 9.8% per year adjusting for inflation. Comorbidities (obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, other cancer, and renal disease) increased significantly over time (all P??75 (aHR 3.9, P??75 years (HR 3.94, P?

  View details for PubMedID 30327963

• Sustained virologic response rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 6 treated with ledipasvir+sofosbuvir or sofosbuvir+velpatasvir. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Nguyen, E., Trinh, S., Trinh, H., Nguyen, H., Nguyen, K., Do, A., Levitt, B., Do, S., Nguyen, M., Purohit, T., Shieh, E., Nguyen, M. H. 2018

  Abstract

  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 6 (GT 6) is the predominant genotype among certain Asian populations. The availability of newer DAA options is limited in many parts of Asia.To compare sustained virologic response (SVR-12) rates between ledipasvir and sofosbuvir (LDV+SOF) and velpatasvir+SOF (SOF+VEL) for patients with HCVGT6 infection.Retrospective study of consecutive adult HCVGT6 patients identified via ICD 9 code: 070.5 from United States treatment centers. Treatment was LDV+SOF or SOF+VEL for 8-24 weeks. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) on HCV RNA, cirrhosis, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, platelets, and fibrosis score was conducted among the treatment-naïve HCVGT6 patients to balance groups and isolate treatment effects.After exclusion criteria, 149 patients remained (n = 135 treatment-naïve; n = 14 treatment-experienced). The mean age was 63.8 ± 10.2 years, 66.9% male, and 93.9% Vietnamese. In treatment-naïve arm, 52.2% LDV+SOF cohort were cirrhotic compared to 11.6% SOF+VEL cohort (P < 0.0001). SVR-12 for LDV+SOF was 96.4% and 100% for the SOF+VEL cohort (P = 0.22). SVR-12 for cirrhotic patients was 95.4% (n = 41/43) for LDV+SOF and 100.0% (n = 5/5) for SOF+VEL (P = 0.62). After PSM (n = 33 per group), LDV+SOF SVR-12 rate was 97.0% compared to SOF+VEL SVR-12 of 100% (P = 0.31). The treatment-experienced group (n = 14), were all treated with LDV+SOF-SVR-12 of 92.3%.Whether treatment-naïve, treatment-experienced, or cirrhotic patients with HCV GT 6 residing in the US had excellent outcomes when treated with SOF+VEL or LDV+SOF. Since LDV+SOF is more readily available globally, our results may provide clinicians with a treatment option when cost and availability limit the treatment choice.

  View details for PubMedID 30467877

• GALAD Score for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection in Comparison to Liver Ultrasound and Proposal of GALADUS Score. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology Yang, J. D., Addissie, B. D., Mara, K. C., Harmsen, W. S., Dai, J., Zhang, N., Wongjarupong, N., Ali, H. M., Ali, H. A., Hassan, F. A., Lavu, S., Cvinar, J. L., Giama, N. H., Moser, C. D., Miyabe, K., Allotey, L. K., Algeciras-Schimnich, A., Theobald, J. P., Ward, M. M., Nguyen, M. H., Befeler, A. S., Reddy, K. R., Schwartz, M., Harnois, D. M., Yamada, H., Srivastava, S., Rinaudo, J. A., Gores, G. J., Feng, Z., Marrero, J. A., Roberts, L. R. 2018

  Abstract

  The GALAD score is a serum biomarker-based model that predicts the probability of having hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic liver disease. We aimed to assess the performance of the GALAD score in comparison to liver ultrasound for detection of HCC.A single center cohort of 111 HCC and 180 controls with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B and a multicenter cohort of 233 early HCC and 412 cirrhosis patients from the Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) Phase 2 HCC Study were analyzed.The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the GALAD score for HCC detection was 0.95 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93-97], which was higher than the AUC of ultrasound (0.82, P<0.01). At a cut off of -0.76, the GALAD score had a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 85% for HCC detection. The AUC of the GALAD score for early stage HCC detection remained high at 0.92 [95%CI: 0.88-0.96] (cut off -1.18, sensitivity 92%, specificity 79%). The AUC of the GALAD score for HCC detection was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.85-0.91) in the EDRN cohort. The combination of GALAD and ultrasound (GALADUS score) further improved the performance of the GALAD score in the single center cohort, achieving an AUC of 0.98 [95%CI: 0.96-0.99] (cut off -0.18, sensitivity 95%, specificity 91%).The performance of the GALAD score was superior to ultrasound for HCC detection. The GALADUS score further enhanced the performance of the GALAD score.The GALAD score was validated in the US.

  View details for PubMedID 30464023

• Rationale and design of the Hepatocellular carcinoma Early Detection Strategy study: A multi-center longitudinal initiative of the National Cancer Institute's early Detection Research Network. Contemporary clinical trials Borges, K. A., Dai, J., Parikh, N. D., Schwartz, M., Nguyen, M. H., Roberts, L. R., Befeler, A. S., Srivastava, S., Rinaudo, J. A., Feng, Z., Marrero, J. A., Rajender Reddy, K. 2018

  Abstract

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy with a steadily rising incidence and associated morbidity and mortality. Cirrhosis of the liver is presently the leading risk factor for developing HCC. Abdominal imaging, with or without alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) testing, every 6?months is the current surveillance strategy for patients at risk. The available biomarkers for detecting this cancer at an early stage have inadequate sensitivity and specificity.The Hepatocellular carcinoma Early Detection Strategy (HEDS) study, a multi-center initiative of the National Cancer Institutes' (NCI) Early Detection Research Network (EDRN), launched an effort to establish what has become the nation's largest comprehensive biorepository and database on patients at high risk of developing HCC. The cohort has been developed in six clinical centers across the country. Subjects are enrolled for a five-year period involving data and specimen collection every six months in accordance with standard surveillance for HCC. Extensive clinical data are collected and specimens are stored at a central repository.The database and biorepository contain longitudinally collected clinical data and serum and plasma samples from 1482 participants with cirrhosis and without evidence of HCC at baseline. Fifty-six percent are male, 85% Caucasian, 30% have a history of chronic HCV and 71% have compensated cirrhosis.The HEDS cohort provides opportunities for the continued study of the incidence and course of HCC in a comprehensively followed population of patients at high risk for this malignancy. Further, the EDRN biorepository provides a distinct opportunity for the development of novel biomarkers. Trial registry URL: https://edrn.nci.nih.gov/protocols/316-hepatocellular-carcinoma-early-detection-strategy.

  View details for PubMedID 30439517

• Racial/ethnic- and county-specific prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and its burden in California. Hepatology, medicine and policy Toy, M., Wei, B., Virdi, T. S., Le, A., Trinh, H., Li, J., Zhang, J., Hsing, A. W., So, S. K., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 3: 6

  Abstract

  In the United States, the highest burden of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and CHB-related liver cancer is in the state of California, primarily in the San Francisco (SF) Bay and Los Angeles (LA) areas. The aim of this study was to estimate county-specific hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence and quantify CHB cases by age, race/ethnicity, nativity, and disease activity status.Twelve counties in SF Bay Area and three large counties in LA area were included for this analysis. Race/ethnicity-specific prevalence of HBsAg for each county and the state of California as a whole, was estimated by including prevalence data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and various studies that estimated HBsAg prevalence in US and foreign-born Asian Pacific Islanders, Hispanic, and Black populations. In addition, clinical data of 2000 consecutive CHB patients (collected between 2009 and 2014) from a large clinical consortium in the SF Bay area were used to calculate the age-specific disease burden.Of the 15 counties analyzed, SF had the highest HBsAg prevalence (1.78%), followed by Santa Clara (1.63%) and Alameda (1.45%). The majority of CHB cases were estimated to be in LA County (83,770), followed by Santa Clara (31,273), and Alameda (23,764). Among the CHB cases, 12.7% is active HBeAg positive, 24.2% is active HBeAg negative, and 10.6% has cirrhosis.This study confirms and quantifies the current burden of CHB in high endemic counties in the state of California using population-level estimates combined with clinical data including those from the community.

  View details for PubMedID 30288329

• A Comparison Between Community and Academic Practices in the USA in the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Receiving Entecavir: Results of the ENUMERATE Study. Digestive diseases and sciences Lee, H. M., Ahn, J., Kim, W. R., Lim, J. K., Nguyen, M., Pan, C. Q., Kim, D., Mannalithara, A., Te, H., Trinh, H., Chu, D., Tran, T., Woog, J., Lok, A. S. 2018

  Abstract

  The management of chronic hepatitis B patients is not well characterized in real-world practice. We compared baseline characteristics of CHB patients on entecavir, the frequency of on-treatment monitoring, and the effectiveness of ETV treatment between academic and community practices.Treatment-naïve CHB patients ?18 years old, treated with ETV for ?12 months from 2005 to 2013, in 26 community and academic practices throughout the USA were retrospectively evaluated.Of 841 patients enrolled, 658 (65% male, 83% Asian, median age 47, 9% with cirrhosis) met inclusion criteria. Half of the patients (52%) were from community practices. A lower percentage of patients in community practices had cirrhosis or liver cancer (5 vs. 14%). Community practices more often treated patients with baseline ALT?

  View details for PubMedID 30238203

• Serum M2BPGi level and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after oral anti-viral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Hsu, Y. C., Jun, T., Huang, Y. T., Yeh, M. L., Lee, C. L., Ogawa, S., Cho, S. H., Lin, J. T., Yu, M. L., Nguyen, M. H., Tanaka, Y. 2018

  Abstract

  Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) is an emerging biomarker for risk prediction of liver disease, but data remain sparse for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who are treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA).To clarify serial changes in M2BPGi and its association with subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in NA-treated CHB patients.We enrolled 384 previously untreated CHB patients who received NAs. Among them, 195 had baseline cirrhosis (n = 142:48:5 for Child A:B:C). Sera were collected at NA initiation, and after 1 and 2 years. Serum M2BPGi levels were measured and expressed as cut-off index (COI) at different time points. The association between M2BPGi and HCC was evaluated by the Cox proportional hazard model.The median M2BPGi levels significantly decreased from 1.68 COI at baseline, to 1.0 at year 1, and 0.88 at year 2. During median follow-up of 72.7 months, HCC occurred in 37 patients, 36 of whom had cirrhosis. In patients with cirrhosis, baseline M2BPGi level was associated with HCC risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07 per COI; 95% CI, 1.01-1.14) on the multivariable Cox analysis, whereas levels at year 1 or 2 were not independently predictive. A risk score for HCC was developed using baseline M2BPGi, age and body mass index with c statistics of 0.77, 0.79 and 0.87 at 3, 5 and 10 years, respectively.Serum M2BPGi level significantly decreases after NA treatment in CHB patients. Baseline level can be factored into the risk prediction of HCC in NA-treated patients with cirrhosis.

  View details for PubMedID 30306612

• Racial/ethnic- and county-specific prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and its burden in California Hepatology, Medicine and Policy Toy, M., Wei, B., Virdi, T. S., Le, A., Trinh, H., Li, J., Zhang, J., Hsing, A. W., So, S. K., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 3 (6)

  View details for DOI 10.1186/s41124-018-0034-7

• Editorial: the durability of seroconversion of hepatitis B e antigen in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B with PEG-interferon alfa-2a. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Wei, M. T., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 47 (11): 1556?57

  View details for PubMedID 29878418

• Author response to "Cryptogenic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) had worse overall survival of disease than viral HCC patients". Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver Jun, T. W., Nguyen, M. H., Yu, M. L. 2018; 38 (6): 1141

  View details for PubMedID 29863312

• Effects of Treatment of Chronic HBV Infection on Patient-reported Outcomes. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association Younossi, Z. M., Stepanova, M., Janssen, H. L., Agarwal, K., Nguyen, M. H., Gane, E., Tsai, N., Younossi, I., Racila, A. 2018

  Abstract

  Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes liver disease and cirrhosis. It is not clear how treatment of chronic HBV infection affects patient-reported outcomes (PROs). We aimed to assess changes in PROs in patients treated for chronic HBV infection.We collected and analyzed PRO data from 242 patients with chronic HBV infection (without advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis) enrolled in 2 international phase 2 blinded controlled clinical trials from 2015 through 2017. In these trials, patients were treated with an approved oral antiviral regimen (tenofovir, entecavir, adefovir, lamivudine, or telbivudine) and then randomly assigned to groups given vesatolimod (an oral agonist of toll like receptor 7) or placebo. PROs were collected using the Short Form-36, the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: Specific Health Problem scoring system before treatment, on treatment weeks 12, 24, and 48.We did not observe significant differences in PROs between patients receiving vesatolimod vs placebo. At baseline, patients with viral suppression (level of HBV DNA <20 IU/mL) had higher PRO scores (by up to +10.6% of a PRO range size). During treatment, there were significant increases in scores for some domains of Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire and in General Health scores of Short Form-36 (increases of up to 4.9%; P<.05). Patients with a decrease of at least 2.7 log10IU/mL in level of HBV DNA had substantially larger increases in PRO scores (mean increases of up to 7.2% by week 48; P<.05 for 10 of 22 studied PROs). In multivariate analysis, a reduction in viral load was independently associated with increases in PROs (betas values up to 1.6% per log10IU/mL decrease; P<.05).In an analysis of data from phase 2 trials, we associated active treatment of chronic HBV infection with increased PRO scores. These findings support inclusion of PRO endpoints in assessments of efficacy and safety in clinical trials of treatments for HBV infection.

  View details for PubMedID 29505905

• Ezetimibe decreased nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score but not hepatic steatosis. The Korean journal of internal medicine Lee, H. Y., Jun, D. W., Kim, H. J., Oh, H., Saeed, W. K., Ahn, H., Cheung, R. C., Nguyen, M. H. 2018

  Abstract

  A number of clinical trials reported varying effects of cholesterol lowering agents in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. We, therefore, assessed the changes in hepatic steatosis and NAFLD activity score (NAS) after treatment with cholesterol lowering agents in NAFLD patients by metaanalysis.The Cochrane Library, the MEDLINE, and the Embase databases were searched until May 2015, without any language restrictions, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies (NRSs). Additional references were obtained from review of bibliography of relevant articles. The quality of evidence was assessed using the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation guidelines.Three RCTs (n = 98) and two NRSs (n = 101) met our study inclusion criteria (adult, NAFLD, liver biopsy). Liver biopsy was performed in all five studies, but only the three studies reported NAS. Ezetimibe significantly decreased NAS (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.57 to -0.03) but not hepatic steatosis in RCT (SMD, -0.1; 95% CI, -0.53 to 0.32), while the effect was significant for both NAS and intrahepatic content in NRSs (SMD, -3.0; 95% CI, -6.9 to 0.91).Ezetimibe decreased NAS without improving hepatic steatosis.

  View details for PubMedID 29551054

• Rate of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance remains low for a large, real-life cohort of patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis. BMJ open gastroenterology Tran, S. A., Le, A., Zhao, C., Hoang, J., Yasukawa, L. A., Weber, S., Henry, L., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 5 (1): e000192

  Abstract

  In patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) cirrhosis, imaging for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is recommended every 6 months to maximise eligibility for curative treatment. The aim was to determine the adherence rate and outcomes among patients with CHC cirrhosis and whether the adherence rate has improved over time.Retrospective cohort study of patients with CHC cirrhosis (n=2366) monitored for ?1?year at Stanford University Medical Center between January 2001 and August 2015.Overall demographics: mean age 54; 62.3% men; 48.3% Caucasian. 24.4% adherent to imaging every 6 months per European Association for the Study of the Liver 2000 and American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) 2011 criteria and 44% at least every 12 months per AASLD 2005 criteria. No significant change in adherence before and after 2011. Predictors of multivariable analysis of adherence were age >54 (OR 1.74, p<0.0001), Asian ethnicity (OR 2.23, p<0.0001), liver decompensation (OR 2.40, p<0.0001) and having ?2?clinical visits per year (OR 1.33, p=0.01). During follow-up, 9.6% were diagnosed with HCC. Adherent patients were more likely to have smaller tumours (2.3 vs 3.3?cm, p=0.0020), be within the Milan criteria for liver transplants (73.2% vs 54.8%, p=0.006) and receive curative HCC treatment (43.6% vs 24.0%, p=0.005). On multivariable analysis, curative treatment (HR 0.32, p=0.001) and every 6-month imaging (HR 0.34, p=0.005), but not every 6-12?month imaging, were associated with reduced risk of mortality.Adherence to HCC surveillance continues to be poor. Adherent patients with HCC were more likely to undergo curative treatment and have better survival. Research understanding barriers to surveillance is needed.

  View details for PubMedID 29607053

• Hospital Cirrhosis Volume and Readmission in Patients with Cirrhosis in California. Digestive diseases and sciences Wei, M., Ford, J., Li, Q., Jeong, D., Kwong, A. J., Nguyen, M. H., Chang, M. S. 2018

  Abstract

  Patients with cirrhosis are at high readmission risk. Using a large statewide database, we evaluated the effect of hospital cirrhosis-related patient volume on 30-day readmissions in patients with cirrhosis.We conducted a retrospective study of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database for adult patients with cirrhosis, as defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes, hospitalized in California between 2009 and 2011. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of hospital volume on 30-day readmissions.A total of 69,612 patients with cirrhosis were identified in 405 hospitals; 24,062 patients were discharged from the top 10% of hospitals (N = 41) by cirrhosis volume, and 45,550 patients in the bottom 90% (N = 364). Compared with higher-volume centers, lower-volume hospitals cared for patients with similar average Quan-Charlson-Deyo (QCD) comorbidity scores (6.54 vs. 6.68), similar proportion of hepatitis B and fatty liver disease, lower proportion of hepatitis C (34.8 vs. 41.5%) but greater proportion of alcoholic liver disease (53.1 vs. 47.4%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated admission to a lower-volume hospital did not predict 30-day readmission (odds ratio [OR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92-1.01) after adjusting for sociodemographics, QCD score, cirrhosis severity, and hospital characteristics. Instead, liver transplant center status significantly decreased the risk of readmission (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.80-0.94). Ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma, higher QCD, and presence of alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis C were also independent predictors.Readmissions within 30 days were common among patients with cirrhosis hospitalized in California. While hospital cirrhosis volume did not predict 30-day readmissions, liver transplant center status was protective of readmissions. Medically complicated patients with cirrhosis at hospitals without liver transplant centers may benefit from additional support to prevent readmission.

  View details for PubMedID 29457210

• Increasing co-morbidities in chronic hepatitis B patients: experience in primary care and referral practices during 2000-2015. Clinical and translational gastroenterology Liu, A., Le, A., Zhang, J., Wong, C., Wong, C., Henry, L., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 9 (3): 141

  Abstract

  Data on liver and non-liver co-morbidities in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients are limited. This study analyzes the prevalence of co-morbidities in a multicenter CHB cohort evaluated over 15 years.This study included 2734 consecutive adult American CHB patients from a university medical center and several community primary care clinics. Data were analyzed by time periods (patients in each time period were unique without overlapping): 2000-2005 (n?=?885), 2006-2010 (n?=?888), and 2011-2015 (n?=?961). Patients were identified via electronic query using diagnosis code with data confirmed and extracted via individual chart review. Most patients were male (57.9%) and Asian (89.6%).Mean age increased significantly from 43.3?±?13.4 years during 2000-2005 to 49.1?±?14.4 during 2011-2015 (p?

  View details for PubMedID 29540676

• Individual surveillance using model-based hepatocellular carcinoma risk estimates in chronic hepatitis C patients after antiviral treatment. Journal of hepatology Ji, F., Yeo, Y. H., He, C., Li, J., Gao, X., Li, Z., Henry, L., Nguyen, M. H. 2018

  View details for PubMedID 30337127

• Systematic review and meta-analysis: real-world effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral therapies in chronic hepatitis C genotype 3 in Asia. BMJ open gastroenterology Wei, B., Ji, F., Yeo, Y. H., Ogawa, E., Stave, C. D., Dang, S., Li, Z., Furusyo, N., Cheung, R. C., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 5 (1): e000209

  Abstract

  Genotype 3 (GT3) is a common chronic hepatitis C (CHC) genotype in Asia. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens have high cure rates, but real-world results are limited for Asia.To determine the real-world effectiveness of DAAs for patients with CHC GT3 in Asia.A systematic search was performed in PubMed (including MEDLINE), Embase, and selected international meeting abstract repositories. Eligible studies were postmarketing observational studies from Asia with the primary outcome of sustained virological response 12 weeks after completion of treatment (SVR12).A total of 15 studies with 4230 patients yielded a pooled SVR12 of 92.7%. High heterogeneity (I2=93.2%, P<0.0001) was noted. In subgroup analyses, patients with cirrhosis had 10.9% lower SVR12 than non-cirrhotic patients (88.6% vs 98.9%; P<0.0001) and contributed 69.5% of the heterogeneity. Prior treatment failure did not reduce the pooled SVR12 (treatment-naïve: 94.6%, 95% CI 91.3% to 96.7% vs treatment-experienced: 94.0%, 95% CI 77.5% to 98.6%; P=0.89). Twenty-four weeks of sofosbuvir+ribavirin dual therapy was the most commonly used regimen which led to similar SVR12 (OR=1.1, P=0.73) but lower adverse event rate than 12 weeks of sofosbuvir+ribavirin+pegylated interferon triple therapy.Sofosbuvir+ribavirin for 24 weeks is the most widely used and generally well-tolerated DAA therapy in Asia. However, its effectiveness is not optimal in GT3 patients with cirrhosis.

  View details for PubMedID 30147941

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6104766

• Reduced Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Tenofovir in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with and without Cirrhosis - a Propensity Score Matched Study. The Journal of infectious diseases Nguyen, M. H., Yang, H. I., Le, A., Henry, L., Nguyen, N., Lee, M. H., Zhang, J., Wong, C., Wong, C., Trinh, H. 2018

  Abstract

  The effect of newer oral anti-HBV medication, tenofovir disoproxil (TDF), on liver related outcomes among Asians is limited. We examined the effect of TDF on incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within an Asian chronic hepatitis B (CHB) population.Retrospective cohort study: 6914 adult, non-transplant, CHB mono-infected patients recruited from 6 U.S. referral, community medical centers, and a community based Taiwan cohort: 774 patients received TDF; 6140 not treated. Propensity score matching [(PSM); age, sex, HBeAg, HBV DNA, ALT, baseline cirrhosis status, follow-up time] balanced the groups (n=591, treated vs. untreated). Kaplan-Meier estimated cumulative risk of HCC. Cox proportional hazards models estimated HCC risk between groups.The eight-year cumulative HCC incidence was significantly higher in PSM untreated group (20.13% vs 4.69%, p<0.0001). Cirrhosis was a significant predictor for HCC (aHR: 5.36; 95% CI: 2.73 - 10.51, p<0.001). On multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, HBV DNA, ALT and study site, TDF was associated with a 77% [0.23 (0.56 - 0.92)] HCC risk reduction in patients with cirrhosis and 73% [0.27 (0.07 - 0.98)] reduction in patients without cirrhosis.Among cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic Asian CHB patients, TDF therapy was significantly associated with an eight-year HCC cumulative incidence rate reduction.

  View details for PubMedID 29982737

• A New Conception-Pre-HCC Disease. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Yang, Y., Feng, Y., Zhao, X., Wang, L., Xie, X., Li, J., Nguyen, M. H., Zhu, Q. 2018

  Abstract

  The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) recently updated the clinical practice guidelines on management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)(1). The guidelines provide detailed recommendations in surveillance, diagnosis, and treatments for patients with HCC, we notice there is still a void in the recommendations for pre-HCC disease, which is not yet overtly cancerous but appears to be on the way to developing a HCC. Considering the high incidence and mortality of HCC worldwide, the prevention of HCC should be a high priority consideration, and there should be more focus on the pre-HCC disease.

  View details for PubMedID 30070377

• Racial/ethnic- and county-specific prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and its burden in California Hepatology, Medicine and Policy Toy, M., Wei, B., Virdi, T., Le, A., Tirnh, H., Li, J., Zhang, J., Hsing, A., So, S., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 3 (6)

  View details for DOI 10.1186/s41124-018-0034-7

• Autoantibodies in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: impact on clinical outcomes and extrahepatic manifestations. BMJ open gastroenterology Gilman, A. J., Le, A. K., Zhao, C., Hoang, J., Yasukawa, L. A., Weber, S. C., Vierling, J. M., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 5 (1): e000203

  Abstract

  To examine the role that autoantibodies (auto-abs) play in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) regarding demographics, presence of extrahepatic manifestations and long-term outcomes in a large US cohort.Auto-abs have been reported to be prevalent in patients with chronic HCV infection, but data on the natural history of these patients are limited.The study included 1556 consecutive patients with HCV without concurrent HIV and/or HBV who had testing for antinuclear antibody (ANA), antimitochondrial antibody (AMA), antismooth muscle antibody (ASMA) and/or antiliver kidney microsomal antibody (LKM). Primary outcomes included development of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensations, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mortality and/or sustained virological response (SVR) to antiviral therapy.A total of 388 patients tested positive for any auto-ab (ANA 21.8%, ASMA 13.3%, AMA 2.2% and LKM 1.2%). Patients who tested positive versus negative were more likely to be women (29.3% vs 20.9%, p<0.001) and less likely to achieve SVR with most treated patients receiving interferon-based therapies (37.2% vs 47.1%, p=0.031). There was no difference between groups for baseline laboratory data, disease state or rate of extrahepatic manifestations (42.8% vs 45.0%, p=0.44). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no statistically significant difference between groups for the 10-year development of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensations, HCC nor survival. Furthermore, auto-ab positivity was only found to be a predictor for a lower rate of SVR on multivariate analysis (adjusted OR=1.61, 95 % ?CI 1.00 to 2.58, p=0.048).In our cohort, auto-ab positivity was common, especially in women, and predicted a lower rate of SVR but otherwise had no impact on the natural history of chronic HCV or presence of extrahepatic manifestations.

  View details for PubMedID 29755758

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5942460

• Anti-viral therapy is associated with improved survival but underutilised in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: real-world east and west experience. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Chen, V. L., Yeh, M. L., Le, A. K., Jun, M., Saeed, W. K., Yang, J. D., Huang, C. F., Lee, H. Y., Tsai, P. C., Lee, M. H., Giama, N., Kim, N. G., Nguyen, P. P., Dang, H., Ali, H. A., Zhang, N., Huang, J. F., Dai, C. Y., Chuang, W. L., Roberts, L. R., Jun, D. W., Lim, Y. S., Yu, M. L., Nguyen, M. H. 2018

  Abstract

  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. It remains incompletely understood in the real world how anti-viral therapy affects survival after HCC diagnosis.This was an international multicentre cohort study of 2518 HBV-related HCC cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2015. Cox proportional hazards models were utilised to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% (CI) for anti-viral therapy and cirrhosis on patients' risk of death.Approximately, 48% of patients received anti-viral therapy at any time, but only 17% were on therapy at HCC diagnosis (38% at US centres, 11% at Asian centres). Anti-viral therapy would have been indicated for >60% of the patients not on anti-viral therapy based on American criteria. Patients with cirrhosis had lower 5-year survival (34% vs 46%; P < 0.001) while patients receiving anti-viral therapy had increased 5-year survival compared to untreated patients (42% vs 25% with cirrhosis and 58% vs 36% without cirrhosis; P < 0.001 for both). Similar findings were seen for other patient subgroups by cancer stages and cancer treatment types. Anti-viral therapy was associated with a decrease in risk of death, whether started before or after HCC diagnosis (adjusted HR 0.62 and 0.79, respectively; P < 0.001).Anti-viral therapy improved overall survival in patients with HBV-related HCC across cancer stages and treatment types but was underutilised at both US and Asia centres. Expanded use of anti-viral therapy in HBV-related HCC and better linkage-to-care for HBV patients are needed.

  View details for PubMedID 29797518

• Safety and Efficacy of Vesatolimod (GS-9620) in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Who Are Not Currently on Antiviral Treatment. Journal of viral hepatitis Agarwal, K., Ahn, S. H., Elkhashab, M., Lau, A. H., Gaggar, A., Bulusu, A., Tian, X., Cathcart, A. L., Woo, J., Subramanian, G. M., Andreone, P., Kim, H. J., Chuang, W. L., Nguyen, M. H. 2018

  Abstract

  Vesatolimod is an oral agonist of toll-like receptor 7 designed to minimize systemic exposure and side effects. We assessed the safety and efficacy of vesatolimod in viremic chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients not currently on oral antiviral treatment (OAV) in a Phase 2, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.192 patients stratified by HBeAg status and alanine aminotransferase level were randomized 2:2:2:1 to receive oral vesatolimod (1-, 2-, or 4-mg) or placebo once weekly for 12 weeks; tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (300-mg daily) was administered daily for 48 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by quantitative serum HBsAg decline at Week 24 from baseline. In addition to safety assessments, changes in whole blood interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) transcripts and serum cytokines were explored.Most patients were male (64.1%) and HBeAg-negative (60.9%) at baseline. Among vesatolimod-treated patients, most (60.4-69.1%) experienced ?1 treatment emergent adverse event; the majority were mild or moderate in severity. No clinically meaningful differences in HBsAg changes from baseline were observed between treatment groups. No patients experienced HBsAg loss, while 3 patients experienced HBeAg loss and hepatitis B e-antibody seroconversion. HBV DNA suppression rates were similar across all treatment arms at Week 24. ISG15 induction was dose-dependent and did not correlate with HBsAg changes. A small proportion of patients exhibited dose-dependent interferon-? induction that correlated with grade of influenza-like adverse events. Overall, vesatolimod is safe and well-tolerated in CHB patients. Though consistent dose-dependent pharmacodynamic induction of ISGs was demonstrated, it did not result in clinically significant HBsAg decline. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  View details for PubMedID 29851204

• Higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Hispanic patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis and metabolic risk factors. Scientific reports Wong, A., Le, A., Lee, M. H., Lin, Y. J., Nguyen, P., Trinh, S., Dang, H., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 8 (1): 7164

  Abstract

  The effect of metabolic syndrome on chronic liver diseases other than non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has not been fully elucidated. Our goal was to evaluate if metabolic syndrome increased the risk of liver-related complications, specifically hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and decompensation, in cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 3503 consecutive cirrhotic CHC patients seen at Stanford University from 1997-2015. HCC developed in 238 patients (8-year incidence 21%) and hepatic decompensation in 448 patients (8-year incidence 61%). The incidence of HCC and decompensation increased with Hispanic ethnicity, diabetes, and number of metabolic risk factors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that, independent of HCV therapy and cure and other background risks, Hispanic ethnicity with ?2 metabolic risk factors significantly increased the risk of HCC and hepatic decompensation. There was no interaction between Hispanic ethnicity and metabolic risk factors. All in all, metabolic risk factors significantly increase the risk of liver-related complications in cirrhotic CHC patients, especially HCC among Hispanics. As the prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases globally, targeted health interventions are needed to help curb the effects of metabolic syndrome in CHC patients.

  View details for PubMedID 29740031

• Changes in Renal Function in Patients With Chronic HBV infection Treated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate vs Entecavir. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association Trinh, S., Le, A. K., Chang, E. T., Hoang, J., Jeong, D., Chung, M., Lee, M. H., Wang, U., Henry, L., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2018

  Abstract

  It is unclear whether drugs used to treat chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection cause significant renal impairment. We compare adjusted mean estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR; mL/min/1.73 m2) of patients with chronic HBV infection treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) vs patients treated with entecavir.We performed a retrospective study of patients with chronic HBV infections treated with TDF (n=239) or entecavir (n=171), from 2000 through 2016, followed for a mean time of 43-46 months. Levels of serum creatinine were measured ?12 months while patients received treatment. Patients did not have prior exposure to adefovir or HCV, HDV, or HIV co-infection. We performed propensity score matching (PSM) for age, sex, presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, baseline eGFR, cirrhosis, and follow-up duration. We performed multivariate generalized linear modeling, adjusting for cirrhosis, diabetes, and hypertension, to estimate adjusted mean eGFR for matched and unmatched cohorts. Cox regression was used to identify predictors of renal impairment RESULTS: eGFRs were ?60, after PSM, in 116 patients given entecavir and in 116 patients given TDF; eGFRs were <60 in 32 patients given entecavir and 26 patients given TDF. Multivariate generalized linear modeling of the unmatched overall and <60 eGFR cohorts revealed significantly lower adjusted mean eGFRs in patients given TDF (all P<.001). However, in the eGFR ?60 PSM cohort, the adjusted mean eGFR was similar between patients receiving either treatment. In Cox regression analysis, TDF was not associated with mild or moderate renal impairment compared with entecavir.In a retrospective study of patients with chronic HBV infections treated with TDF vs entecavir, we found that TDF was not associated with higher risk of worsening renal function during short- or intermediate-term follow-up periods, among patients without significant renal impairment. Additional studies, with longer follow-up periods, are needed because treatment for chronic HBV infection is generally long term or life-long. For patients with baseline renal impairment, significant renal decline was among patients given TDF compared to patients given entecavir.

  View details for PubMedID 30130625

• Editorial: rifaximin-a kick in the gut for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis? Authors' reply. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Goel, A., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 47 (2): 303

  View details for PubMedID 29265465

• Temporal trends in disease presentation and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A real-world experience from 1998 to 2015. Cancer Kim, N. G., Nguyen, P. P., Dang, H., Kumari, R., Garcia, G., Esquivel, C. O., Nguyen, M. H. 2018

  Abstract

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the few cancers whose incidence continues to increase. The goal of the current study was to investigate the presentation and survival trends of patients with HCC presenting to a university hospital between 1998 and 2015.Study data were ascertained by individual chart review with survival data also supplemented by National Death Index query up to December 31, 2015. Patients were divided into three 6-year groups by diagnosis date (1998-2003, 2004-2009, and 2010-2015).A total of 2106 consecutive patients with HCC were included. The majority of patients had either hepatitis C (56.7%) or hepatitis B (22.1%), but cases of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis HCC increased by 68% over the most recent time period. Screening/surveillance identified 61% of HCC cases, but only 31% of these patients underwent curative treatment, which did not increase significantly over time. The overall median survival was 29.8 months (2.48 years) and without improvement over time. On multivariable analysis, Asian or Hispanic ethnicity, meeting Milan criteria, and receiving any of the standard HCC treatments were found to be significantly associated with improved survival, but diagnosis time period and liver disease etiology were not.Over the last 18 years, the percentage of cases of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis HCC has increased but not overall survival. It is interesting to note that only 31% of patients with HCC identified via screening/surveillance received any curative treatment. Further research is needed to better understand the barriers to curative care for patients with HCC and the causes of the lack of improvement in survival in the more recent patient cohort. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.

  View details for PubMedID 29624631

• Economic and clinical burden of viral hepatitis in California: A population-based study with longitudinal analysis. PloS one Park, H., Jeong, D., Nguyen, P., Henry, L., Hoang, J., Kim, Y., Sheen, E., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 13 (4): e0196452

  Abstract

  Economic burden of HBV and HCV infection are trending upwards.Compare hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) related hospital admission rates, charges, mortality rates, causes of death in a US population-based study.Retrospective cohort analysis of HBV and HCV patients from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (2006-2013) database.A total of 23,891 HBV and 148,229 HCV patients were identified. Across the 8-year period, the mean increase for all-cause ($1,863 vs $1,388) and liver-related hospitalization charges ($1,175 vs $675) were significantly higher for the HBV cohort compared to the HCV cohort. HBV patients had significantly higher liver-related hospital charges per person per year than HCV patients after controlling for covariates ($123,239 vs $111,837; p = 0.002). Compared to HCV patients, adjusted mortality hazard ratio was slightly lower in HBV patients (relative risk = 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.99). The major causes and places of death were different. The three major causes of death for HBV were: other malignant neoplasms (35%), cardiovascular disease/other circulatory disorders (17%), and liver-related disease (15%) whereas for HCV patients were: liver-related disease (22%), other malignant neoplasms (20%), and cardiovascular disease (16%). Regarding the place of death, 53% of HBV patients and 44% of HCV patients died in hospital inpatient, respectively.HBV patients incurred higher liver-related hospital charges and higher mean increase for all-cause and liver-related hospitalization charges over the 8-year period compared to HCV patients. HBV patients had slightly lower mortality rate and their major causes and places of death were noticeably different from HCV patients.

  View details for PubMedID 29708985

• Higher mortality and hospital charges in patients with cirrhosis and acute respiratory illness: a population-based study. Scientific reports Zou, B., Yeo, Y. H., Jeong, D., Sheen, E., Park, H., Nguyen, P., Hsu, Y. C., Garcia, G., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 8 (1): 9969

  Abstract

  Both cirrhosis and acute respiratory illness (ARI) carry substantial disease and financial burden. To compare hospitalized patients with cirrhosis with ARI to cirrhotic patients without ARI, a retrospective cohort study was conducted using the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database. To balance the groups, propensity score matching (PSM) was used. We identified a total of 46,192 cirrhotic patients during the three study periods (14,049, 15,699, and 16,444 patients, respectively). Among patients hospitalized with cirrhosis, the ARI prevalence was higher in older age groups (p?

  View details for PubMedID 29967363

• Real-world effectiveness of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C genotype 2 in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ open gastroenterology Wei, B., Ji, F., Yeo, Y. H., Ogawa, E., Zou, B., Stave, C. D., Dang, S., Li, Z., Furusyo, N., Cheung, R. C., Nguyen, M. H. 2018; 5 (1): e000207

  Abstract

  Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin (SOF+RBV) for 12 weeks is the standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) genotype 2 (GT2) in most of Asia despite availability of new CHC medications. SOF-RBV real-world effectiveness has only been reported in small and/or single-centre studies. Our goal was to determine the real-world effectiveness of 12-week SOF+RBV?therapy for CHC GT2 in Asia.A systematic search on PubMed and Embase was conducted through 30 June 2017. We identified full articles and conference proceedings of at least 10 adult patients with CHC GT2 treated with SOF+RBV for 12 weeks under real-world setting in Asia.A total of 2208 patients from 13 studies were included. The pooled sustained virological response 12?weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12) was 95.8% (95% CI 94.6% to 96.9%) with non-significant heterogeneity (I2=34.4%). Anaemia (27.9%) was the most common adverse event (AE), with serious AEs in 2.0% and only 0.7% discontinued therapy prematurely. In subgroup analyses, patients with cirrhosis had 8.7% lower SVR12 than non-cirrhotic patients (P<0.0001), and treatment-experienced patients had 7.2% lower SVR12 than treatment-naïve patients (P=0.0002). Cirrhotic treatment-experienced patients had the lowest SVR12 at 84.5%. There were no significant differences in pooled SVR12 among patient subgroups: RBV dose reduction versus no dose reduction (P=0.30); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) versus no HCC (P=0.10); GT 2a versus 2b (P=0.86); and <65?vs ?65 years of age (P=0.20).SOF+RBV for 12 weeks was safe and effective for patients with CHC GT2 in Asia, although those with cirrhosis and prior treatment failure had a lower pooled SVR12 rate.CRD42017067928.

  View details for PubMedID 30002863

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6038840

• Systematic review with meta-analysis: effectiveness and tolerability of interferon-free direct-acting antiviral regimens for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 in routine clinical practice in Asia. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Ji, F., Wei, B., Yeo, Y. H., Ogawa, E., Zou, B., Stave, C. D., Li, Z., Dang, S., Furusyo, N., Cheung, R. C., Nguyen, M. H. 2018

  Abstract

  Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens have shown high efficacy and tolerability for patients with HCV genotype 1/1b (GT1/1b) in clinical trials. However, robust real-world evidence of interferon (IFN)-free DAA treatment for HCV GT1-infected patients in Asia is still lacking.To systematically review and meta-analyse the effectiveness and tolerability of IFN-free DAA therapy for HCV GT1 infection in Asia.We included studies that enrolled adult patients with HCV GT1 infection in routine clinical practice in Asia, using IFN-free DAA regimens, and reported sustained virological response (SVR) after 12/24 weeks end-of-treatment by 31 May 2017. The pooled SVR rates were computed with a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression as previously registered in PROSPERO were performed to determine how pre-planned variables might have affected the pooled estimates.We included 41 studies from eight countries and regions, comprising of 8574 individuals. The pooled SVR rates for GT1 were 89.9% (95% CI 88.6-91.1, I2  = 55.1%) with daclatasvir/asunaprevir (DCV/ASV) and 98.1% (95% CI 97.0-99.0, I2  = 41.0%) with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir ± ribavirin (LDV/SOF ± RBV). Baseline cirrhosis but not prior treatment history and age, attenuated the effectiveness of both regimens. Baseline resistance associated substitutions (RASs) severely attenuated SVR of DCV/ASV (65.4% vs 94.3%, P < 0.001) and only minimally with LDV/SOF ± RBV (94.5% vs 99.2%, P = 0.003). Patients with renal dysfunction treated with DCV/ASV showed a higher SVR rate (93.9% vs 89.8%, P = 0.046). Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) LDV/SOF ± RBV achieved a lower SVR than those without HCC (94.1% vs 98.7%, P = 0.001).All oral DAA treatment of HCV GT1 resulted in high cure rates in Asian patients in routine clinical practice setting including elderly patients and those with end-stage renal disease.

  View details for PubMedID 29327780

• Hepatitis B DNA level for guidance of antiviral initiation timing in pregnant women for MTCT reduction Aziz, N., Chang, C. Y., Poongkunran, M., Javaid, A., Trinh, H. N., Lau, D., Nguyen, M. H. MOSBY-ELSEVIER. 2017: 720

  View details for Web of Science ID 000416950700053

• Real-world Effectiveness (RWE) and Adverse Events with Sofosbuvir plus Ribavirin (SOF plus RBV) Based Therapies in Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 3 (CHC GT 3) Patients in Asia-A Systematic Review of 8 Studies and 3510 Patient Wei, B., Ji, F., Yeo, Y., Ogawa, E., Henry, L., Li, Z., Dang, S., Furusyo, N., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2017: 857A?858A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089801741

• The impact of treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) Younossi, Z. M., Stepanova, M., Janssen, H. L., Agarwal, K., Nguyen, M. H., Gane, E. J., Tsai, N. C., Younossi, I., Hunt, S. WILEY. 2017: 1020A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089802280

• Recurrence-Free Survival in Liver Transplant Recipients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results from the US Multicenter HCC Transplant Consortium Verna, E. C., Abdelmessih, R. M., Florman, S. S., Haydel, B. M., Ruiz, R., Klintmalm, G., Lee, D. D., Taner, B., Hoteit, M. A., Halazun, K. J., Tevar, A. D., Humar, A., Chapman, W. C., Vachharajani, N., Aucejo, F. N., Melcher, M. L., Nguyen, M. H., Nydam, T. L., Amundsen, B., Markmann, J. F., Mobley, C., Ghobrial, R. M., Langnas, A. N., Carney, C., Berumen, J., Hemming, A. W., Sudan, D., Hong, J. C., Kim, J., Zimmerman, M. A., Rana, A., Kueht, M. L., Jones, C., Fishbein, T., Busuttil, R. W., Agopian, V. WILEY. 2017: 900A?901A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089802045

• Association of different types of chronic liver diseases with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States Park, H., Jeong, D., Nguyen, P., Kim, Y., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2017: 541A?542A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089801154

• Is antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Asian patients associated with osteopenia/osteoporosis? A comparison study of tenofovir (TDF), entecavir (ETV) and untreated (UTx) patients Wei, M., Le, A. K., Nguyen, P., Zhang, J. Q., Wong, C., Wong, C., Chang, M., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2017: 516A?517A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089801108

• Suboptimal rates, trends and predictors of hepatitis B vaccination in a population-based sample of children and adolescents in the United States (US) between 1999 and 2014 Le, M. H., Toy, M., Gane, E. J., So, S., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2017: 1003A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089802247

• Prevalence and predictors of hepatitis B immunization in adults without immunity for hepatitis B from 1999-2014: a population-based study of 27,713 adults in the US Le, M. H., Toy, M., Gane, E. J., So, S., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2017: 1004A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089802249

• Safety and Efficacy of Vesatolimod (GS-9620) in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Who Are Not Currently on Antiviral Treatment Agarwal, K., Ahn, S., Elkhashab, M., Kim, K., Lau, A. H., Gaggar, A., Subramanian, M., McHutchison, J. G., Andreone, P., Kim, H. J., Chuang, W., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2017: 497A?498A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089801073

• Serum Biomarkers Improve Prognostic Ability of BCLC Staging System Bangaru, S., Wei, W., Schwartz, M. E., Parikh, N., Nguyen, M. H., Roberts, L. R., Reddy, K., Befeler, A., Harnois, D. M., Srivastava, S., Rinaudo, J., Feng, Z., Marrero, J. A. WILEY. 2017: 754A?755A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089801550

• REAL-B (Real-world Effectiveness from the Asia Pacific Rim Liver Consortium for HBV) - A Risk Score for the Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Chronic Hepatitis (CHB) Patients Treated with Oral Anti-HBV Therapy Nguyen, M. H., Yang, H., Yeh, M., Wong, G. L., Peng, C., Chen, C., Trinh, H. N., Cheung, K., Su, T., Kozuka, R., Ogawa, E., Li, J., Zhang, J. Q., Wong, C., Wong, C., Prasad, D., Hoang, J., Lin, C., Ueno, Y., Gane, E. J., Xing, H., Furusyo, N., Enomoto, M., Kao, J., Yuen, M., Yu, M. WILEY. 2017: 98A?99A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089800172

• Age and gender-specific disease progression rates to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in treated and untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B Le, A. K., Toy, M., Yang, H., Trinh, H. N., Zhang, J. Q., Wong, C., Wong, C., Li, J., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2017: 994A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089802230

• Effect of Tenofovir Disoproxyl (TDF) on Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Incidence in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) compared to Untreated Patients: a Multicenter Study with Propensity Score Matching (PSM) Nguyen, M. H., Yang, H., Le, A. K., Nguyen, N. H., Zhang, J. Q., Wong, C., Wong, C., Trinh, H. N. WILEY. 2017: 482A?483A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089801048

• Progression to advanced liver disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) differs among Asians compared to Caucasians and Hispanics Ha, N. B., Trinh, S., Le, R. H., Hoang, J. K., Lee, M., Henry, L., Yasukawa, L., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2017: 1172A?1173A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089802570

• Cirrhotic patients with acute respiratory illness in the United States encounter substantial hospital charge burden Zou, B., Yeo, Y., Jeong, D., Henry, L., Park, H., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2017: 408A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089800761

• A multicenter study revealing chronic hepatitis B comorbidity trends over the last 15 years in the United States Liu, A. F., Le, A. K., Zhang, J. Q., Wong, C., Wong, C., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2017: 990A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089802222

• Long-Term Follow-Up of Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) in Chronic Hepatitis C (HCV) Patients with Compensated and Decompensated Cirrhosis with Sustained Virologic Response (SVR) Younossi, Z. M., Stepanova, M., Tapper, E. B., Henry, L., Sheikh, A. M., Nguyen, M. H., Reau, N., Lawitz, E. WILEY. 2017: 599A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089801257

• Real Life Effectiveness of Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) in Asian Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 1: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 33 Published Articles and 7942 patients Ji, F., Wei, B., Yeo, Y., Zou, B., Ogawa, E., Henry, L., Li, Z., Cheung, R., Furusyo, N., Dang, S., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2017: 596A?597A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089801253

• Sustained Virological Response 12 Weeks after Therapy (SVR12) with Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAA) in Select Asian Populations with Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 1 (HCV GT 1): A Meta-Analysis of Real-World Effectiveness from Asia Ji, F., Wei, B., Yeo, Y., Zou, B., Ogawa, E., Henry, L., Dang, S., Cheung, R., Furusyo, N., Li, Z., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2017: 812A?813A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089801662

• Real-world Effectiveness (RWE) of Sofosbuvir plus Ribavirin (SOF plus RBV) Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 2 (CHC GT 2) in Asia: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis of Pooled SVR12 Wei, B., Ji, F., Yeo, Y., Zou, B., Ogawa, E., Henry, L., Cheung, R., Li, Z., Dang, S., Furusyo, N., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2017: 811A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000412089801660

• Barriers to care for chronic hepatitis C in the direct-acting antiviral era: a single-centre experience BMJ OPEN GASTROENTEROLOGY Peter Nguyen, Vutien, P., Hoang, J., Trinh, S., Le, A., Yasukawa, L., Weber, S., Henry, L., Nguyen, M. H. 2017; 4 (1)

  View details for DOI 10.1136/bmjgast-2017-000181

  View details for Web of Science ID 000440227600019

• COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF FIRST-LINE ADMINISTRATION OF TENOFOVIR ALAFENAMIDE (TAF), A NOVEL NUCLEOTIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR (NRTI), FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) IN THE UNITED STATES (US) Dusheiko, G., Lim, J., Liou, Tafazzoli, A., Deniz, B., Thibault, S. C., Gordon, S., Nguyen, M. H. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. 2017: A78

  View details for Web of Science ID 000405448001076

• Increased Prevalence of Metabolic Risk Factors in Asian Americans With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Journal of clinical gastroenterology Kutsenko, A., Ladenheim, M. R., Kim, N., Nguyen, P., Chen, V., Jayasekera, C., Yang, J. D., Kumari, R., Roberts, L., Nguyen, M. H. 2017; 51 (4): 384-390

  Abstract

  We used metabolic risk factors to estimate the prevalence and clinical significance of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian Americans with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).This is a retrospective cohort study of 824 consecutive Asian HCC patients at Stanford University Medical Center from 1998 to 2015. Patients were subdivided as: Chinese, other East Asian (Japanese and Korean), South East Asian (Vietnamese, Thai, and Laotian), Maritime South East Asian (MSEA: Malaysian, Indonesian, Filipino, and Singaporean), and South West Asian (Indian, Pakistani, and Middle Eastern). Metabolic risk factors studied were body mass index, hypertension, type II diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.Most patients were male (76%) with mean age 63 years. Metabolic risk factors were highly prevalent on presentation and increased over time (P<0.001), as did the prevalence of cryptogenic HCC (P<0.004). Compared with other Asian subgroups, MSEAs had the highest body mass index (26.3) and higher rates of type II diabetes (44% vs. 23% to 35%, P=0.004), hypertension (59% vs. 38% to 55%, P=0.04), and cryptogenic HCC (15% vs. 4% to 10%, P=0.01). They were more likely to be symptomatic on presentation (44% vs. 32% to 58%, P=0.07), less likely to present within Milan criteria (34% vs. 35% to 63%, P<0.0001), and trended toward decreased 10-year survival rates compared with other ethnic subgroups (9% vs. 25% to 32%, P=0.07).Metabolic risk factors were increasingly prevalent among Asian Americans with HCC. MSEAs, who had the highest incidence of these risk factors, had more advanced tumor stage and trended toward worse survival.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000689

  View details for PubMedID 27636408

• Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk factors for advanced fibrosis and mortality in the United States PLOS ONE Le, M. H., Devaki, P., Ha, N. B., Jun, D. W., Te, H. S., Cheung, R. C., Nguyen, M. H. 2017; 12 (3)

  Abstract

  In the United States, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease and associated with higher mortality according to data from earlier National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-1994. Our goal was to determine the NAFLD prevalence in the recent 1999-2012 NHANES, risk factors for advanced fibrosis (stage 3-4) and mortality. NAFLD was defined as having a United States Fatty Liver Index (USFLI) > 30 in the absence of heavy alcohol use and other known liver diseases. The probability of low/high risk of having advanced fibrosis was determined by the NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS). In total, 6000 persons were included; of which, 30.0% had NAFLD and 10.3% of these had advanced fibrosis. Five and eight-year overall mortality in NAFLD subjects with advanced fibrosis was significantly higher than subjects without NAFLD ((18% and 35% vs. 2.6% and 5.5%, respectively) but not NAFLD subjects without advanced fibrosis (1.1% and 2.8%, respectively). NAFLD with advanced fibrosis (but not those without) is an independent predictor for mortality on multivariate analysis (HR = 3.13, 95% CI 1.93-5.08, p<0.001). In conclusion, in this most recent NHANES, NAFLD prevalence remains at 30% with 10.3% of these having advanced fibrosis. NAFLD per se was not a risk factor for increased mortality, but NAFLD with advanced fibrosis was. Mexican American ethnicity was a significant risk factor for NAFLD but not for advanced fibrosis or increased mortality.

  View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0173499

  View details for Web of Science ID 000399174300007

  View details for PubMedID 28346543

• Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir combination for hepatitis C virus infection in three patients aged 85 years and older. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology Ji, F., Tian, C., Li, Z., Deng, H., Nguyen, M. H. 2017

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000873

  View details for PubMedID 28328620

• Serum Aminotransferase Flares in Pregnant and Postpartum Women With Current or Prior Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B. Journal of clinical gastroenterology Chang, C. Y., Aziz, N., Poongkunran, M., Javaid, A., Trinh, H. N., Lau, D. T., Nguyen, M. H. 2017

  Abstract

  Antiviral therapy is recommended for pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA>200,000 IU/mL, but there is less consensus on management of women who discontinue therapy in anticipation of pregnancy or who become pregnant while on therapy. The goal of this study was to describe flares in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) during pregnancy and postpartum in CHB women with current and/or prior treatment.This was a multicenter, retrospective study of 67 pregnancies in 56 CHB women treated before and/or during pregnancy. Main outcomes were frequency, severity, and resolution of ALT flare (?5× upper limit of normal or ?3× baseline, whichever was higher).During pregnancy, ALT flares (95 to 1064 U/L) were observed in 16% (7/43) of women who stopped treatment before pregnancy and 31% (4/13) of women who discontinued treatment during first trimester, many of whom had high HBV DNA levels (4.9 to 8.0 log IU/mL). No flares (0/11) were observed in women who continued treatment. Postpartum ALT flares (104 to 1584 U/L) were observed in 0% (0/15) of women who were completely untreated during pregnancy, 29% (2/7) of women who discontinued treatment in first trimester, 33% (3/9) of women who stopped treatment at delivery, and 22% (4/18) of women who continued treatment postpartum.In previously treated women with CHB, ALT flares were common during pregnancy and postpartum, especially if antiviral therapy was discontinued shortly before pregnancy, during first trimester, or at delivery. Thus, these pregnant women should be monitored closely throughout pregnancy and the early postpartum period; larger studies are needed to further characterize the natural history of HBV infection during pregnancy and postpartum.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000822

  View details for PubMedID 28323748

• Real-world experience with interferon-free, direct acting antiviral therapies in Asian Americans with chronic hepatitis C and advanced liver disease. Medicine Chang, C. Y., Nguyen, P., Le, A., Zhao, C., Ahmed, A., Daugherty, T., Garcia, G., Lutchman, G., Kumari, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2017; 96 (6)

  Abstract

  Real-life data on interferon (IFN)-free direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapies for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is limited for Asian Americans.To evaluate sustained virologic response (SVR) and adverse events (AE) in Asian Americans treated with sofosbuvir (SOF)-based, IFN-free DAA therapies.This is a retrospective study of 110 consecutive Asian Americans with HCV genotypes 1 to 3 or 6 treated with IFN-free SOF-based regimens for 8 to 24 weeks between February 2014 and March 2016 at a university center in Northern California.Mean age was 63?±?12 years, mean BMI was 25?±?6?(kg/m), and about half (52%) were male. Most patients were infected with HCV genotype 1 (HCV-1, 64%), followed by HCV-2 (14%), HCV-6 (13%), and HCV-3 (8%). Half had cirrhosis, and the majority of these (67%) had decompensation. Overall SVR12 was 93% (102/110), and highest among patients without cirrhosis, liver transplant, or HCC (100%, 37/37). SVR12 was lower among patients with HCC (82%, 14/17), decompensated cirrhosis (84%, 31/37), or liver transplant (89%, 17/19), regardless of treatment and genotype. Most common AEs were anemia (25%), fatigue (20%), and headache (12%). Anemia was highest in patients receiving SOF/RBV (67%). There was 1 treatment-unrelated serious adverse effect (SAE). There were 7 dose reductions due to anemia or fatigue from RBV and 2 treatment discontinuations due to fatigue or loss of insurance authorization.This real-life cohort of Asian American CHC patients treated with IFN-free SOF-based therapies showed high overall treatment response and good tolerability, despite very high rates of advanced disease and prior treatment failure.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000006128

  View details for PubMedID 28178174

• HCV Prevalence in Asian Americans in California JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH Lin, O. N., Chang, C., Lee, J., Ailinh Do, A., Martin, M., Martin, A., Nguyen, M. H. 2017; 19 (1): 91-97

  Abstract

  The World Health Organization estimates that 170 million persons are infected with HCV worldwide, but only 22 million are from the Americas and Europe, compared to 94 million from Asia. HCV prevalence in the general US population is 1.6 %, but data for Asian Americans are limited. Our goal was to examine HCV prevalence in Asian Americans in a large ethnically diverse patient cohort seeking primary care at a free clinic in Northern California. A total of 1347 consecutive patients were seen from September 2009 to October 2012 and were studied via individual chart review using case report forms. HCV infection was defined as positive HCV antibody (anti-HCV) or HCV RNA by PCR. 699 out of 1347 patients were screened for HCV. Asian Americans comprised 57.2 % of these patients and 29 (4.1 %) patients tested positive for HCV. Of these 29 HCV-positive patients, 22 (75.9 %) were Asian, yielding a prevalence of 5.5 % for Asians and 2.3 % for non-Asians (P = 0.038). The highest HCV prevalence was seen in Vietnamese patients at 7.9 %, and 6.0 % in Chinese patients. Of the HCV-positive Asians, none had a history of intravenous drug use (IVDU), tattoos, or sexual exposure. On multivariate analysis, significant independent predictors for positive HCV infection were male gender (OR 2.53, P = 0.02) and presence of known risk factors (OR 21.1, P < 0.001). However, older age and Asian ethnicity were found to be significant predictors of HCV infection (OR 1.03, P = 0.05 and 2.31, P = 0.066, respectively). In our study, HCV prevalence in patients seeking routine primary care was 5.5 % in Asian Americans, which was over double the prevalence for non-Asians at 2.3 %. Known risk factors were also notably absent in Asian patients with HCV infection. The high prevalence of HCV in Asian-Americans is likely reflective of the higher prevalence of HCV in their countries of origin in Asia. Asian-Americans immigrants from endemic countries are at higher risk of HCV infection and should be screened for HCV, regardless of their exposure risk profile.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10903-016-0342-1

  View details for Web of Science ID 000394213200012

• Letter: reduction in chronic hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma with anti-viral therapy, including low-risk patients - more questions than answers. Authors' reply. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Lin, D., Yang, H. I., Hoang, J., Nguyen, M. H. 2017; 45 (1): 186?87

  View details for PubMedID 27910142

• Black hepatocellular carcinoma patients diagnosed after 2010 have worse long-term survival than white patients Estevez, J., Yang, J. D., Leong, J., Nguyen, P., Giama, N., Roberts, L., Schwartz, M., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2017: S447?S448

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(17)31271-0

  View details for Web of Science ID 000401056601114

• Regional differences in the presentation and management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma by liver disease etiology Kim, N. G., Yeh, M., Yang, J. D., Leong, J., Jun, M., Saeed, W., Nguyen, P., Tsai, P., Lee, H. Y., Dai, C., Huang, J., Chuang, W., Yang, H., Chen, Y., Roberts, L., Schwartz, M., Jun, D. W., Lim, Y., Yu, M., Nguyen, M. H. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2017: S458

  View details for Web of Science ID 000401056601139

• Advancing age and comorbidities in chronic hepatitis B patients: results of 10-year longitudinal analysis of a diverse population-based cohort of 44,026 chronic hepatitis B patients in the United States Nguyen, M. H., Lim, J., Ozbay, A. B., Fraysse, J., Liou, I., Meyer, N., Dusheiko, G., Gordon, S. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2017: S60

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(17)30383-5

  View details for Web of Science ID 000401056600121

• Prevalence of osteoporosis and bone fracturewas 2-fold higher in chronic hepatitis B compared to non-chronic hepatitis B patients and continued to increase in the last decade: results of a United States population-based cohort study Gordon, S. C., Lim, J., Liou, I., Ozbay, A. B., Moore-Schiltz, L., Dusheiko, G., Nguyen, M. H. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2017: S61

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(17)30385-9

  View details for Web of Science ID 000401056600123

• 3 times higher healthcare cost in chronic hepatitis B patients compared to non-chronic hepatitis B controls especially those with decompensated liver disease: United States real world healthcare utilization and cost analysis Nguyen, M. H., Lim, J., Ozbay, A. B., Shreay, S., Liou, I., Meyer, N., Dusheiko, G., Gordon, S. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2017: S369?S370

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(17)31083-8

  View details for Web of Science ID 000401056600820

• High rate of progression to cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and non-alcoholic fatty liver (FL) Li, J., Chaung, K. T., Le, A. K., Hoang, J. K., Nguyen, M. H. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2017: S488

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(17)31369-7

  View details for Web of Science ID 000401056601212

• Integrated analysis of controlled clinical trials evaluating efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir-based regimens in chronic hepatitis C genotype 6 (HCV GT 6) Nguyen, M. H., Chuang, W., Hassanein, T., Kowdley, K., Lai, C., Chan, H., Feld, J. J., Letterio, C., Hahambis, T. A., Llewellyn, J., De-Oertel, S., Brainard, D. M., Lawitz, E. J., Gane, E. J. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2017: S723

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(17)31931-1

  View details for Web of Science ID 000401056601770

• Higher and rising prevalence and incidence of renal impairment and chronic kidney disease in chronic hepatitis B patients compared to matched non-chronic hepatitis B controls in the United States: results of a real-world analysis Nguyen, M. H., Lim, J., Liou, I., Ozbay, A. B., Fraysse, J., Meyer, N., Dusheiko, G., Gordon, S. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2017: S677?S678

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(17)31826-3

  View details for Web of Science ID 000401056601668

• Rising healthcare utilization and cost of chronic hepatitis B: real-world analysis of 44,026 chronic hepatitis B patients and 121,568 matched non-chronic hepatitis B controls in the United States Lim, J., Nguyen, M., Liou, I., Ozbay, A. B., Moore-Schiltz, L., Dusheiko, G., Gordon, S. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2017: S266?S267

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(17)30845-0

  View details for Web of Science ID 000401056600582

• SVR reduces ethnic disparities in progression to advanced liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C Le, A. K., Zhao, C., Hoang, J., Yasukawa, L. A., Zhang, J., Weber, S. C., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2017: S283?S284

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(17)30884-X

  View details for Web of Science ID 000401056600621

• Metabolic risk factors increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis Kutsenko, A., Le, A., Trinh, S., Dang, H., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2017: S125?S126

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(17)30517-2

  View details for Web of Science ID 000401056600255

• Viral kinetics in women of child bearing potential with chronic hepatitis B virus following treatment with tenofovir alafenamide or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate Pan, C., Chang, T., Bae, S., Brunetto, M., Coffin, C., Lau, A., Mo, S., Flaherty, J. F., Gaggar, A., Subramanian, G. M., Nguyen, M. H., Gurel, S., Thompson, A., Gane, E. J. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2017: S258?S259

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(17)30826-7

  View details for Web of Science ID 000401056600563

• Significantly lower rates of cirrhosis and worse long-term survival in cryptogenic hepatocellular carcinoma compared to viral etiologies: results of a multi-center international cohort Jun, T., Yeh, M., Chen, V., Yang, J. D., Nguyen, P., Chung, M., Nasra, G., Huang, C. F., Dai, C., Huang, J., Chuang, W., Roberts, L., Nguyen, M., Yu, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2017: S623

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(17)31691-4

  View details for Web of Science ID 000401056601534

• Regional differences in treatment rates for patients with chronic hepatitis C infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one Vutien, P., Jin, M., Le, M. H., Nguyen, P., Trinh, S., Huang, J. F., Yu, M. L., Chuang, W. L., Nguyen, M. H. 2017; 12 (9): e0183851

  Abstract

  Treatment rates with interferon-based therapies for chronic hepatitis C have been low. Our aim was to perform a systematic review of available data to estimate the rates and barriers for antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C.We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis searching MEDLINE, SCOPUS through March 2016 and abstracts from recent major liver meetings for primary literature with available hepatitis C treatment rates. Random-effects models were used to estimate effect sizes and meta-regression to test for potential sources of heterogeneity.We included 39 studies with 476,443 chronic hepatitis C patients. The overall treatment rate was 25.5% (CI: 21.1-30.5%) and by region 34% for Europe, 28.3% for Asia/Pacific, and 18.7% for North America (p = 0.008). On multivariable meta-regression, practice setting (tertiary vs. population-based, p = 0.04), region (Europe vs. North America p = 0.004), and data source (clinical chart review vs. administrative database, p = 0.025) remained significant predictors of heterogeneity. The overall treatment eligibility rate was 52.5%, and 60% of these received therapy. Of the patients who refused treatment, 16.2% cited side effects, 13.8% cited cost as reasons for treatment refusal, and 30% lacked access to specialist care.Only one-quarter of chronic hepatitis C patients received antiviral therapy in the pre-direct acting antiviral era. Treatment rates should improve in the new interferon-free era but, cost, co-morbidities, and lack of specialist care will likely remain and need to be addressed. Linkage to care should even be of higher priority now that well-tolerated cure is available.

  View details for PubMedID 28877190

• Systematic review with meta-analysis: rifaximin for the prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Goel, A., Rahim, U., Nguyen, L. H., Stave, C., Nguyen, M. H. 2017

  Abstract

  The primary and secondary prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is recommended in high-risk patients with cirrhosis. Several studies evaluating the efficacy of rifaximin for SBP prophylaxis have yielded conflicting results. Rifaximin has the potential advantage of preventing bacterial overgrowth and translocation without the systemic side effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics.To evaluate the efficacy of rifaximin in the primary and secondary prevention of SBP.A literature search using five databases was performed to identify studies on the association between rifaximin and SBP. We performed two meta-analyses: (1) rifaximin compared to systemic antibiotics and (2) rifaximin compared to no antibiotics. Random-effect modelling was conducted to determine overall pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Five studies with 555 patients (295 rifaximin, 260 systemic antibiotics) compared rifaximin with systemic antibiotics. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for SBP was 0.45 (95% CI 0.16-1.27; P = .13) in patients receiving rifaximin and strengthened on sensitivity analysis (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19-0.76, P = .01). In the analysis comparing rifaximin with no antibiotics, there were five studies with 784 patients (186 rifaximin, 598 no antibiotics). The OR for SBP was 0.34 (95% CI 0.11-0.99; P < .05) in patients receiving rifaximin. In subgroup analysis, rifaximin reduced the risk of SBP by 47% compared to no antibiotics for primary prophylaxis and by 74% compared to systemic antibiotics for secondary prophylaxis.Rifaximin may be effective in preventing SBP in patients with cirrhosis and ascites compared to systemically absorbed antibiotics and compared to placebo.

  View details for PubMedID 28994123

• Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk: multiplex analysis of serum markers. Scientific reports Chen, V. L., Le, A. K., Podlaha, O., Estevez, J., Li, B., Vutien, P., Chang, E. T., Rosenberg-Hasson, Y., Pflanz, S., Jiang, Z., Ge, D., Gaggar, A., Nguyen, M. H. 2017; 7 (1): 11169

  Abstract

  Individualized assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in chronic liver disease remains challenging. Serum biomarkers including cytokines may offer helpful adjuncts to standard parameters for risk prediction. Our aim was to identify markers associated with increased HCC incidence. This was a prospective cohort study of 282 patients with both viral or non-viral chronic liver disease. Baseline serum cytokines and other markers were measured in multiplex with a commercially-available Luminex-based system. Patients were followed until death or HCC diagnosis. We performed Lasso-based survival analysis to determine parameters associated with HCC development. Cytokine mean florescence intensity (MFI) was the primary predictor and HCC development the primary outcome. 25 patients developed HCC with total follow-up of 1,363 person-years. Parameters associated with increased HCC incidence were cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and soluble serum intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) MFI. No other molecules increased predictive power for HCC incidence. On univariate analysis, the parameters associated with HCC incidence in patients with cirrhosis were age, antiviral treatment, and high sICAM-1 MFI; on multivariate analysis, sICAM-1 remained associated with HCC development (adjusted HR?=?2.75). On unbiased screening of serum cytokines and other markers in a diverse cohort, baseline sICAM-1 MFI is associated with HCC incidence.

  View details for PubMedID 28894136

• Poor adherence to hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of a complex issue. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver Zhao, C., Jin, M., Le, R. H., Le, M. H., Chen, V. L., Jin, M., Wong, G. L., Wong, V. W., Lim, Y. S., Chuang, W. L., Yu, M. L., Nguyen, M. H. 2017

  Abstract

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance is associated with improved outcomes and long-term survival. Our goal is to evaluate adherence rates to HCC surveillance.We performed a systematic search of the PubMed and Scopus databases and abstract search of relevant studies from recent major liver meetings. All searches and data extraction were performed independently by 2 authors. Analysis was via random-effects models and multivariate meta-regression.A total of 22 studies (n=19,511) met inclusion criteria (original non-interventional studies with defined cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C with advanced fibrosis populations, and surveillance tests and intervals). Overall adherence rate was 52% (95% CI 38-66%). Adherence was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients compared to chronic hepatitis B and other high risk patients, in European compared to North American studies, in less than 12-month compared to yearly surveillance intervals, and in prospective compared to retrospective studies (71%, 95% CI 64-78% vs. 39%, 95% CI 26-51%, P<0.001). The between-study heterogeneity of all above analyses was significant (P<0.001). Only the study design (retrospective vs. prospective cohort) had statistical significance in a multivariate meta-regression model (P<0.05) and could account for some of the differences above.Overall adherence rate to HCC surveillance was suboptimal at 52% with no significant differences by liver disease etiology or study location in multivariate meta-regression analysis. Further research and educational efforts are needed to improve the current rate of HCC surveillance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  View details for PubMedID 28834146

• Management of Chronic Hepatitis B in Pregnancy. Journal of clinical gastroenterology Li, J., Chang, M. S., Tran, T. T., Nguyen, M. H. 2017

  Abstract

  Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection due to mother-to-child transmission during the perinatal period remains an important global health problem. Despite standard passive-active immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine in neonates, up to 8.5% of newborns still acquire HBV infection. Thus, management of chronic HBV during pregnancy and strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission are important steps in eradicating or reducing the global burden of chronic HBV infection. To date, the management of HBV infection in pregnancy still needs careful attention because of some controversial aspects, including the influence of pregnancy on the course of HBV replication, safety of antiviral prophylaxis with nucleus(t)ide analogs, postpartum flares of hepatitis after delivery, and the safety of breastfeeding. In this review, we highlight these important issues of preventive strategies in the perinatal period.

  View details for PubMedID 28816860

• Tenofovir alafenamide as compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in the management of chronic hepatitis B with recent trends in patient demographics. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology Hsu, Y. C., Wei, M. T., Nguyen, M. H. 2017

  Abstract

  Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has recently been approved for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). It is more stable than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in the plasma and can provide similar efficacy with lower circulating concentration in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Areas covered: This synopsis will review the current anti-HBV standard practice and the changing epidemiology of CHB, specifically the controversies surrounding the renal and bone safety associated with TDF use in the context of an aging CHB population. We will review data from phase 3 registration trials, which demonstrated TAF was not inferior to TDF in antiviral efficacy for both HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative patients, while associated with less reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate and bone mineral density. Expert commentary: Current data supports the use of TAF as one of the first-line antiviral agents for general CHB patients without hepatic decompensation. However, more real-world data with long-term observation are needed to better define the role of TAF among other oral regimens. Additional studies are also needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TAF in special populations such as those with impaired hepatic function, existing impaired renal and/or bone function, and in pregnant women.

  View details for PubMedID 28965428

• Survival after treatment with curative intent for hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with vs without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Wong, C. R., Njei, B., Nguyen, M. H., Nguyen, A., Lim, J. K. 2017

  Abstract

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is expected to become a leading aetiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-related mortality in the United States. HCC treatments with curative intent (OLT, orthotopic liver transplantation; resection; RFA, radiofrequency ablation) can improve survival in carefully selected patients.To compare survival after receipt of curative treatment for NAFLD and non-NAFLD-HCC aetiologies (HCV, chronic hepatitis C; HBV, chronic hepatitis B; ALD, alcoholic liver disease) and by treatment was performed.A cohort of 17 664 patients was assembled using linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and Medicare data from 1991 to 2011 with confirmed diagnosis of HCC.The cohort was mostly male, aged 70 (21-106) years, without cardiovascular disease, and had liver cirrhosis without decompensation, metastatic HCC or large tumour size (>5 cm). The NAFLD-HCC group was mostly female and older with more cardiovascular disease, metastatic HCC, and large tumour size and less cirrhosis and decompensated liver disease than the non-NAFLD-HCC groups. The NAFLD group was 47% less likely to receive any curative treatment as compared with non-NAFLD aetiologies (OR 0.53, P < .001). NAFLD-HCC had worse median survival after OLT (3.2, 0-12.9 years, P = .01) but had improved survival after resection (2.4, 0-12.0 years, P < .001) as compared with non-NAFLD-HCC. No significant survival differences existed for RFA by HCC aetiology. NAFLD was not an independent predictor of mortality after OLT, resection or RFA.Patients with NAFLD-HCC had worse survival after OLT but favourable survival after resection, particularly in the absence of cirrhosis, as compared with non-NAFLD-HCC aetiologies.

  View details for PubMedID 28960360

• Tenofovir alafenamide in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: design, development, and place in therapy. Drug design, development and therapy Ogawa, E., Furusyo, N., Nguyen, M. H. 2017; 11: 3197?3204

  Abstract

  Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), a novel prodrug of tenofovir (TFV), has been approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. TAF has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of HBV replication at a low dose, with high intracellular concentration and more than 90% lower systemic TFV concentration than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). In two randomized, double-blind, multinational, Phase 3, non-inferiority trials for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and -negative patients (primary analysis: 48 weeks), TAF 25 mg orally once-daily was not inferior to TDF 300 mg in achieving an HBV DNA level <29 IU/mL at week 48. No amino-acid substitutions associated with viral breakthrough were detected by deep sequencing, and no resistance to TAF was found through week 96. In addition, no difference in the frequency of HBeAg or hepatitis B surface antigen loss was observed. However, TAF was associated with a significantly higher ALT normalization rate than was TDF, based on the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases criteria (male: ALT ?30 U/L and female: ALT ?19 U/L). An analysis of renal safety showed that patients treated with TAF had a significantly lower decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate level than did patients treated with TDF. Similarly, the declines of hip and spine bone mineral density were significantly less in the TAF group. These trends of efficacy and renal/bone safety continued through week 96. Longer term follow-up and real-world data will be required to determine if the differences in viral/biochemical response and renal/bone safety seen with TAF in comparison with TDF are clinically relevant.

  View details for PubMedID 29158666

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5683768

• Thyroid cancer mortality higher in Filipinos in United States: an analysis using national mortality records from 2003-2012. Cancer Nguyen, M., Hu, J., Hastings, K., Daza, E., Cullen, M., Orloff, L., Palaniappan, L. 2017

  View details for DOI 10.1002/cncr.30958

• More advanced disease and worse survival in cryptogenic compared to viral hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver Jun, T. W., Yeh, M. L., Yang, J. D., Chen, V. L., Nguyen, P., Giama, N. H., Huang, C. F., Hsing, A. W., Dai, C. Y., Huang, J. F., Chuang, W. L., Roberts, L. R., Yu, M. L., Nguyen, M. H. 2017

  Abstract

  Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections remain major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), non-viral causes of HCC, particularly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, are becoming increasingly prevalent. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics and survival of cryptogenic and viral HCC.We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 3,878 consecutive HCC patients seen at two tertiary centers in the United States and one in Taiwan from 2004-2014. We compared the clinical characteristics, treatment and survival of patients by underlying etiology: cryptogenic (n=696), HBV (n=1,304), or HCV (n=1,878).Cirrhosis was present in 66.8% of the cryptogenic HCC patients, compared with 74.7% of HBV-HCC (p=0.001) and 85.9% of HCV-HCC (p<0.001). Compared to viral HCC, cryptogenic HCC patients presented with larger tumors and at later stages of disease. Five-year overall survival was 16.3% among cryptogenic HCC patients compared with 31.9% among HBV-HCC patients and 27.7% among HCV-HCC patients (p<0.001 for both by the log-rank test). HCC etiology was not an independent predictor of survival, though ethnicity, cirrhosis status, meeting Milan criteria and treatment allocation were.Compared with viral HCC patients, those with cryptogenic HCC had lower prevalence of cirrhosis, were diagnosed with larger tumors at more advanced stages of disease, and had poorer overall survival. Additional efforts are needed to identify patients at risk of cryptogenic HCC and to identify cryptogenic HCC at earlier stages of disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  View details for PubMedID 29045023

• Effects of antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology Okada, M., Enomoto, M., Kawada, N., Nguyen, M. H. 2017

  Abstract

  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major cause of cirrhosis worldwide. The ultimate goal of current antiviral treatments for chronic hepatitis B (nucleos(t)ide analogs and interferon-?) is to prevent the development of end-stage liver diseases. Areas covered: We present a review of the current literature on antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis. Medline search was performed to identify relevant literature from 1993 through January of 2017. Expert commentary: One randomized controlled trial and a number of observational studies have shown that nucleos(t)ide analogs can decrease the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B patients with advanced fibrosis. Data from clinical trials of entecavir and tenofovir have shown that histological improvement and regression of fibrosis can be achieved in the majority of patients with chronic hepatitis B by successful viral suppression. Entecavir and tenofovir are the preferred antiviral agents for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients with cirrhosis due to their high antiviral potency and high genetic barrier to resistance. Pegylated interferon-? is another therapeutic option for chronic hepatitis B patients with well-compensated cirrhosis. However, interferon therapy is contraindicated in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, and evidence for reduced HCC is currently insufficient.

  View details for PubMedID 28752768

• Epidemiology of hepatitis B and the role of vaccination. Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology Chang, M. S., Nguyen, M. H. 2017; 31 (3): 239?47

  Abstract

  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality with a disproportionate impact on Asia and Africa. Current guidelines recommend screening at-risk populations for chronic HBV infection so that diagnosed individuals can be linked to appropriate hepatitis care. The vast majority of infected individuals are undiagnosed and untreated, and are at risk of developing cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In individuals who are not yet infected, the HBV vaccine is safe and highly effective at preventing disease transmission. Countries with successful vaccination programs have been able to dramatically reduce their HBV prevalence. A concerted effort to screen, treat, and vaccinate at-risk individuals has the potential to eliminate HBV as a public health threat by 2030.

  View details for PubMedID 28774405

• Barriers to care for chronic hepatitis C in the direct-acting antiviral era: a single-centre experience. BMJ open gastroenterology Nguyen, P., Vutien, P., Hoang, J., Trinh, S., Le, A., Yasukawa, L. A., Weber, S., Henry, L., Nguyen, M. H. 2017; 4 (1): e000181

  Abstract

  Cure rates for chronic hepatitis C have improved dramatically with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), but treatment barriers remain. We aimed to compare treatment initiation rates and barriers across both interferon-based and DAA-based eras.We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients with chronic hepatitis C seen at an academic hepatology clinic from 1999 to 2016. Patients were identified to have chronic hepatitis C by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes, and the diagnosis was validated by chart review. Patients were excluded if they did not have at least one visit in hepatology clinic, were under 18 years old or had prior treatment with DAA therapy. Patients were placed in the DAA group if they were seen after 1 January 2014 and had not yet achieved virological cure with prior treatment. All others were considered in the interferon group.3202 patients were included (interferon era: n=2688; DAA era: n=514). Despite higher rates of decompensated cirrhosis and medical comorbidities in the DAA era, treatment and sustained virological response rates increased significantly when compared with the interferon era (76.7% vs 22.3%, P<0.001; 88.8% vs 55%, P<0.001, respectively). Lack of follow-up remained a significant reason for non-treatment in both groups (DAA era=24%?and interferon era=45%). An additional 8% of patients in the DAA era were not treated due to insurance or issues with cost. In the DAA era, African-Americans, compared with Caucasians, had significantly lower odds of being treated (OR=0.37, P=0.02).Despite higher rates of medical comorbidities in the DAA era, considerable treatment challenges remain including cost, loss to follow-up and ethnic disparities.

  View details for PubMedID 29333275

• Ethnic disparities in progression to advanced liver disease and overall survival in patients with chronic hepatitis C: impact of a sustained virological response. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Le, A. K., Zhao, C., Hoang, J. K., Tran, S. A., Chang, C. Y., Jin, M., Nguyen, N. H., Yasukawa, L. A., Zhang, J. Q., Weber, S. C., Garcia, G., Nguyen, M. H. 2017

  Abstract

  Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A sustained virological response (SVR) is associated with improved outcomes, however, its impact on different ethnic groups is unknown.To evaluate ethnic differences in the natural history of CHC and the impact of SVR.We conducted a cohort study of 8039 consecutive adult CHC patients seen at two medical centres in California between January 1997 and June 2016. Individual chart review confirmed CHC diagnosis.Asian and Hispanic but not African American patients had significantly higher cirrhosis and HCC incidence than Caucasians. On multivariate analysis, Hispanic ethnicity was independently associated with increased cirrhosis (adjusted HR 1.37, CI, confidence interval 1.10-1.71, P=.006) and HCC risk (adjusted HR 1.47, CI 1.13-1.92, P=.004) compared to Caucasian. Asian ethnicity had a significant association with cirrhosis (adjusted HR 1.28, CI 1.02-1.61, P=.034) and HCC risk (adjusted HR 1.29, CI 0.94-1.77, P=.025). In patients who achieved SVR, Hispanic ethnicity was no longer independently associated with cirrhosis (adjusted HR 1.76, CI 0.66-4.71, P=.26) or HCC (adjusted HR 1.05, CI 0.27-4.08, P=.94); nor was Asian ethnicity (adjusted HR 0.62, CI 0.21-1.82, P=.38 for cirrhosis; 2.01, CI 0.63-6.36, P=.24 for HCC). Similar findings were observed with overall survival among the ethnicities by SVR status.Hispanic and Asian ethnicity was independently associated with increased cirrhosis and HCC risk. Achieving an SVR eliminates the ethnic disparity in liver disease progression and overall survival between Hispanic and Asian vs Caucasian CHC patients.

  View details for PubMedID 28766727

• Differential Serum Cytokine Profiles in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B, C, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Scientific reports Estevez, J., Chen, V. L., Podlaha, O., Li, B., Le, A., Vutien, P., Chang, E. T., Rosenberg-Hasson, Y., Jiang, Z., Pflanz, S., Ge, D., Gaggar, A., Nguyen, M. H. 2017; 7 (1): 11867

  Abstract

  Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), most cases of which are related to either hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Prior studies have examined differences in individual cytokine levels in patients with chronic liver disease, but comprehensive cytokine profiling data across different clinical characteristics are lacking. We examined serum cytokine profiles of 411 patients with HCC (n?=?102: 32% HBV, 54% HCV, 14% non-viral) and without HCC (n?=?309: 39% HBV, 39% HCV, 22% non-viral). Multiplex analysis (Luminex 200 IS) was used to measure serum levels of 51 common cytokines. Random forest machine learning was used to obtain receiver operator characteristic curves and to determine individual cytokine importance using Z scores of mean fluorescence intensity for individual cytokines. Among HCC and non-HCC patients, cytokine profiles differed between HBV and HCV patients (area under curve (AUC) 0.82 for HCC, 0.90 for non-HCC). Cytokine profiles did not distinguish cirrhotic HBV patients with and without HCC (AUC 0.503) or HCV patients with and without HCC (AUC 0.63). In conclusion, patients with HBV or HCV infection, with or without HCC, have distinctly different cytokine profiles, suggesting potential differences in disease pathogenesis and/or disease characteristics.

  View details for PubMedID 28928388

• Improved Performance of Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis in HCV cirrhosis with Normal Alanine Transaminase. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology Yang, J. D., Dai, J., Singal, A. G., Gopal, P., Addissie, B., Nguyen, M. H., Befeler, A. S., Reddy, K. R., Schwartz, M., Harnois, D. M., Yamada, H., Gores, G. J., Feng, Z., Marrero, J. A., Roberts, L. R. 2017

  Abstract

  The utility of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance is controversial. We aimed to identify factors associated with elevated AFP and define the patients for whom AFP is effective for surveillance.Data from the National Cancer Institute Early Detection Research Network Phase 2 HCC biomarker study (233 early stage HCC and 412 cirrhotic patients) were analyzed. We analyzed 110 early stage HCC and 362 cirrhotic HCV patients for external validation. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve (AUC) for HCC were calculated.HCV etiology, Non-White race, and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) predicted elevated AFP in cirrhotics. Non-White race and ALT predicted elevated AFP in HCC patients. Higher AUC of AFP for HCC was noted in patients with HBV (0.85) and alcohol (0.84) while it was lower in patients with HCV (0.80) and Non-viral/Alcohol etiology (0.76). The AUC was higher in HCV patients with serum ALT?40 U/L than patients with serum ALT>40 U/L (0.91 vs 0.75, P<0.01). At 90% specificity, the sensitivity of AFP increased from 44% to 74% in Whites with HCV and from 50% to 85% in Non-Whites with HCV. There was a trend towards higher AUC in HCV patients with serum ALT?40 U/L than those with serum ALT>40 U/L (0.79 vs 0.69, P=0.10) in the validation cohort.The satisfactory performance of AFP in HCV patients with normal ALT should be further validated.The AFP may serve as a valuable surveillance test in HCV patients with normal ALT.

  View details for PubMedID 28258053

• Editorial: hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease progression - HCV cure and the elimination of the "ethnic slope". Authors' reply. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Le, A. K., Garcia, G., Nguyen, M. H. 2017; 46 (10): 1012?13

  View details for PubMedID 29052853

• Hepatitis B DNA level for guidance of antiviral initiation timing in pregnant women for MTCT reduction Aziz, N., Chang, C., Poongkunran, M., Javaid, A., Trinh, H., Lau, D., Nguyen, M. MOSBY-ELSEVIER. 2017: S242?S243

  View details for Web of Science ID 000414256402030

• Physician perspectives on the management of viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Myanmar. PloS one Kim, Y. A., Trinh, S., Thura, S., Kyi, K. P., Lee, T., Sze, S., Richards, A., Aronsohn, A., Wong, G. L., Tanaka, Y., Dusheiko, G., Nguyen, M. H. 2017; 12 (8): e0181603

  Abstract

  In Myanmar, over five million people are infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis has been a recent focus with the development of a National Strategic Plan on Hepatitis and plans to subsidize HCV treatment.During a two-day national liver disease symposium covering HCV, HBV, hepatocellular (HCC), and end-stage liver disease (ESLD), physician surveys were administered using the automated response system (ARS) to assess physician knowledge, perceptions of barriers to screening and treatment, and proposed solutions. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) relating demography and practice factors with higher provider knowledge and improvement.One hundred two physicians attending from various specialty areas (31.0% specializing in gastroenterology/hepatology and/or infectious disease) were of mixed gender (46.8% male), were younger than or equal to 40 years old (51.1% 20 to 40 years), had less experience (61.6% with ?10 years of medical practice), were from the metropolitan area of Yangon (72.1%), and saw <10 liver disease patients per week (74.3%). The majority of physicians were not comfortable with treating or managing patients with liver disease. The post-test scores demonstrated an improvement in liver disease knowledge (9.0% ± 27.0) compared to the baseline pre-test scores; no variables were associated with significant improvement in hepatitis knowledge. Physicians identified the cost of diagnostic blood tests and treatment as the most significant barrier to treatment. Top solutions proposed were universal screening policies (46%), removal of financial barriers for treatment (29%), patient education (14%) and provider education (11%).Physician knowledge improved after this symposium, and many other needs were revealed by the physician input on barriers to care and their solutions. These survey results are important in guiding the next steps to improve liver disease management and future medical education efforts in Myanmar.

  View details for PubMedID 28797080

• Letter: should anti-viral therapy be recommended for individuals chronically infected with hepatitis B virus and at low risk of hepatocellular carcinoma? Authors' reply. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Lin, D., Yang, H. I., Hoang, J., Nguyen, M. H. 2017; 45 (1): 182?83

  View details for PubMedID 27910153

• Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Wong, C. R., Nguyen, M. H., Lim, J. K. 2016; 22 (37): 8294-8303

  Abstract

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the United States and represents an increasingly important etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with annual cumulative incidence rates ranging from 2% to 12% in cohorts of NAFLD cirrhosis. While the risk of progression of NAFLD to HCC remains higher among patients with fibrosis or cirrhosis, an increasing amount of literature describes NAFLD-HCC as a disease that can occur in the absence of cirrhosis. Efforts to characterize the pathogenesis of NAFLD-HCC have suggested mechanisms that strongly associate with states of hyperinsulinemia and chronic inflammation, cellular mechanisms including adaptive immune responses and hepatic progenitor cell populations, and genetic polymorphisms including mutations of PNPLA3. Current literature describes NAFLD-HCC mostly as a disease of late presentation with lower rates of receipt of curative therapy and worse prognosis. However, a growing body of evidence has reported comparable and potentially more favorable disease-free and overall survival rates among patients with NAFLD-HCC after receipt of curative treatment. This review summarizes current evidence of epidemiology, pathophysiology, disease presentation, demand and receipt of curative therapy, post-treatment outcomes, and overall survival of NAFLD-associated HCC.

  View details for DOI 10.3748/wjg.v22.i37.8294

  View details for Web of Science ID 000384689000005

  View details for PubMedID 27729736

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5055860

• Reduction of chronic hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma with anti-viral therapy, including low risk patients. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics LIN, D., Yang, H., Nguyen, N., Hoang, J., Kim, Y., Vu, V., Le, A., Chaung, K., Nguyen, V., Trinh, H., Li, J., Zhang, J., Hsing, A., Chen, C., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 44 (8): 846-855

  Abstract

  Anti-viral therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) primary described in patients with cirrhosis.To examine the effects of treatment on HCC incidence in CHB with and without cirrhosis, after adjustment for background risks.A total of 2255 CHB patients from a US cohort (973 received anti-viral therapy) and 3653 patients from the community-based Taiwanese REVEAL-HBV study, none of whom received treatment. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate the risk of developing HCC after adjustment with the previously validated REACH-B risk score.We found 273 incident cases of HCC. After adjustment, therapy lowered the risk of HCC development in the US treated cohort when compared to the US untreated cohort (HR 0.31; 95% CI: 0.15-0.66; P = 0.002). HCC risk reduction was also confirmed when compared to the REVEAL cohort (HR 0.22; 95% CI: 0.12-0.40; P < 0.001). Each REACH-B point was associated with a 53% increased risk of HCC (HR 1.53; 95% CI 1.46-1.59; P < 0.001). We found a significant statistical reduction in HCC incidence with therapy regardless of gender, age, cirrhosis status, HBeAg serology, alanine aminotransferase level, REACH-B score or treatment medication. Therapy was beneficial to those with mildly- to moderately elevated HBV DNA levels (>2000 IU/mL) and of even greater benefit to those with levels >200 000 IU/mL.After adjustment for background risk, anti-viral therapy was associated with a significant reduction in HCC incidence in both community and real-life clinical cohorts, including in those patients previously thought to be at low risk.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.13774

  View details for PubMedID 27549411

• Comparison of Renal safety of Tenofovir (TDF) and Entecavir (ETV) in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB): A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis Lee, H., Jun, D., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2016: 935A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000385493804251

• The Effect of Gastric Acid Suppression on Ledipasivir-Sofosbuvir Effectiveness in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection Swanner, A., Kumari, R., Garcia, G., Daugherty, T., Nguyen, M. H., Ahmed, A., Kim, W., Lutchman, G. A. WILEY. 2016: 947A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000385493804275

• High Efficacy of Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir Plus GS-9857 for 12 Weeks in Treatment-Experienced Genotype 1-6 HCV-Infected Patients, Including Those Previously Treated with Direct-Acting Antivirals Lawitz, E., Kowdley, K., Curry, M., Reau, N., Nguyen, M., Kwo, P., Jacobson, I. M., Tran, T., Nahass, R., Hinestrosa, F., Herring, R., Bennett, M., Llewellyn, J., Yang, J., Stamm, L., Brainard, D. M., McHutchison, J. G., Schiff, E., Davis, M., Etzkorn, K., Chung, R., Pound, D., Rodriguez-Torres, M., Reddy, K., Gane, E. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2016: S380

  View details for Web of Science ID 000395764601301

• Features of the metabolic syndrome are associated with lack of serum ALT normalization during therapy for chronic hepatitis B Fung, S., Yatsuhashi, H., Tak, W., Celen, M. K., Flaherty, J. F., Kim, K., Myers, R. P., Subramanian, M., Ryder, S. D., Sharma, M., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2016: 914A?915A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000385493804213

• High Frequency of Flares in Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) And Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA During Pregnancy And Postpartum in Women With Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Who Discontinued Therapy Prior to or During Early Pregnancy Chang, C. Y., Aziz, N., Poongkunran, M., Javaid, A., Trinh, H. N., Lau, D., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2016: 920A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000385493804223

• Higher Prevalence of Existing Comorbidities and Medication Use in Untreated Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) compared to Treated Patients: A Population-Based Study in Post-Oral Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) Era Vutien, P., Tran, N. Q., Cao, F., Peichel, V., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2016: 413A?414A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000385493802110

• Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Advanced Fibrosis Stage 3-4 in Patients with NAFLD in the United States: Results of a Population Based Sample of 6,000 Patients Le, M. H., Devaki, P., Ha, N. B., Jun, D., Te, H. S., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2016: 535A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000385493802329

• Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or high probability of fibrosis based on noninvasive marker panels (APRI, FIB-4, NFS) at disease presentation is associated with increased all-cause mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Ha, N. B., Le, R. H., Trinh, S., Nguyen, M. D., Yip, B., Hoang, J. K., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2016: 592A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000385493802443

• Poor Adherence to Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Surveillance in a US Cohort of 2376 Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) and Cirrhosis Tran, S. A., Hoang, J. K., Le, A. K., Zhao, C., Yasukawa, L., Weber, S. C., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY. 2016: 30A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000385493800058

• Integrated Resistance Analyses of HCV-infected Patients treated with Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir and Voxilaprevir for 8 and 12 weeks from Phase 2 Studies Reau, N., Nguyen, M. H., Kowdley, K. V., Gane, E. J., Dvory-Sobol, H., Svarovskaia, E. S., Yang, J. C., Stamm, L. M., Brainard, D. M., Miller, M. D., Mo, H., Lawitz, E., Kwo, P. Y., Curry, M. P., Jacobson, I. M. WILEY. 2016: 415A?416A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000385493802114

• Effectiveness and tolerability of simeprevir and sofosbuvir in nontransplant and post-liver transplant patients with hepatitis C genotype 1. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Lutchman, G., Nguyen, N. H., Chang, C. Y., Ahmed, A., Daugherty, T., Garcia, G., Kumari, R., Gupta, S., Doshi, D., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 44 (7): 738-746

  Abstract

  Hepatitis C virus genotype 1a (HCV-1a), prior treatment, cirrhosis and post-transplant status are historically associated with poor treatment responses. The new oral direct-acting agents appear to be effective and safe in these patients.To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of simeprevir and sofosbuvir in a diverse real-life cohort of patients, including difficult-to-treat patients.We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 198 consecutive patients with hepatitis C genotype 1 (148 nontransplant, 50 post transplant), who were treated with simeprevir and sofosbuvir for 12 weeks between December 2013 and December 2014. Primary outcome was sustained virological response with undetectable HCV RNA 12 weeks after completion of therapy (SVR12). Risk factors evaluated for lack of SVR12 included HCV 1a (vs. 1b), prior treatment (vs. none), and cirrhosis (vs. no cirrhosis).SVR12 rates were similar in non- and post-transplant settings, 82% and 88%, respectively. There were no significant differences in adverse events in patients regardless of cirrhosis or transplant status. On multivariate analysis also inclusive of gender and liver transplant status, negative predictors of SVR12 were having at least 2 or 3 risk factors (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10-0.87, P = 0.027 or 0.29, 95% CI 0.09-0.85, P = 0.025, respectively).Simeprevir and sofosbuvir combination is a safe and effective regimen for the treatment of non- and post-transplant patients with traditional risk factors for poor treatment response, unless more than 2 difficult-to-treat risk factors are present.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.13761

  View details for PubMedID 27506182

• Lower Observed Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated With Entecavir: Results of the ENUMERATE Study. American journal of gastroenterology Ahn, J., Lim, J. K., Lee, H. M., Lok, A. S., Nguyen, M., Pan, C. Q., Mannalithara, A., Te, H., Reddy, K. R., Trinh, H., Chu, D., Tran, T., Lau, D., Leduc, T., Min, A., Trong Le, L., Bae, H., Van Tran, S., Do, S., Hann, H. L., Wong, C., Han, S., Pillai, A., Park, J. S., Tong, M., Scaglione, S., Woog, J., Kim, W. R. 2016; 111 (9): 1297-1304

  Abstract

  Data from the United States are lacking regarding the impact of entecavir (ETV) on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim is to determine whether treatment with ETV is associated with a reduced HCC risk by calculating the expected HCC incidence based on the Risk Estimation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B (REACH-B) model and comparing it with the observed HCC incidence.The incidence of HCC in US patients treated with ETV between 2005 and 2013 in a retrospective cohort was obtained. The predicted HCC incidence was calculated using the REACH-B model. The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated as a ratio of observed over predicted HCC cases.Of 841 patients, 646 (65% male, 84% Asian, median age 47 years, 36% hepatitis B e antigen positive, 9.4% with cirrhosis) met the inclusion criteria. Over a median follow-up of 4 years, 17 (2.6%) cases of HCC were diagnosed, including 8 out of 61 (13.1%) patients with cirrhosis and 9 out of 585 (1.5%) without cirrhosis. Compared with those without HCC, the 17 patients with HCC were older at 53 years vs. 47 years and more likely to have cirrhosis at 47.1% vs. 8.4%. Among patients without cirrhosis, the observed HCC incidence was significantly lower than predicted by the fourth year (SIR, 0.37; 95% confidence interval: 0.166-0.82). A sensitivity analysis that comprised all patients, including those with cirrhosis, showed that at the maximum follow-up time of 8.2 years, a significantly lower than predicted HCC incidence was noted with an SIR of 0.56 (95% confidence interval: 0.35-0.905).Based on the REACH-B model, long-term ETV therapy was associated with a lower than predicted HCC incidence. However, the risk of HCC persisted, and careful HCC surveillance remains warranted despite the anti-viral treatment.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/ajg.2016.257

  View details for PubMedID 27325221

• Lower Observed Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated With Entecavir: Results of the ENUMERATE Study AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Ahn, J., Lim, J. K., Lee, H. M., Lok, A. S., Mindie Nguyen, M., Pan, C. Q., Mannalithara, A., Te, H., Reddy, K. R., Huy Trinh, H., Chu, D., Tram Tran, T., Lau, D., Leduc, T., Min, A., Loc Trong Le, L. T., Bae, H., Sang Van Tran, S. V., Do, S., Hann, H. L., Wong, C., Han, S., Pillai, A., Park, J. S., Tong, M., Scaglione, S., Woog, J., Kim, W. R. 2016; 111 (9): 1297-1304

  View details for DOI 10.1038/ajg.2016.257

  View details for Web of Science ID 000387154000019

• Ethnic differences in incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance in a real-life multicenter clinical cohort of 4737 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Nguyen, L. H., Hoang, J., Nguyen, N. H., Vu, V. D., Wang, C., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Zhang, J. Q., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 44 (4): 390-399

  Abstract

  Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity is associated with increased risk for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBsAg seroclearance is thought to be rare in general, but cohort data from US patients are limited.To determine the incidence of HBsAg seroclearance in a real-life US cohort.In total, 4737 patients with chronic hepatitis B from five primary care, gastroenterology and multispecialty centres, and a university medical centre were retrospectively enrolled between 2001 and 2014 with data obtained by manual review of individual patient medical records. Seroclearance was determined by loss of HBsAg seropositivity. Persistent HBsAg was confirmed by direct serology or by proxy with positive hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) or HBV DNA levels.HBsAg seroclearance occurred in 52 patients over 16 844 person-years (0.31% annually, 1.2% overall). Median follow-up was 32 months, and mean age 45 ± 14 years. Incidence of HBsAg seroclearance was higher in non-Asians, age >45, males, and those with baseline HBV DNA ?10 000 IU/mL. On multivariate Cox proportional modelling, non-Asian ethnicity (HR 2.8), male sex (HR 2.1), baseline HBVDNA ?10 000 (HR 2.0) and age >45 (HR 1.8) were significant independent predictors of seroclearance.HBsAg seroclearance rates were lower than previously described in this real-life cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis B, especially among Asian, female and younger patients.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.13709

  View details for Web of Science ID 000379957100007

  View details for PubMedID 27363288

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5316284

• Lower liver cancer risk with antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients with normal to minimally elevated ALT and no cirrhosis. Medicine Hoang, J. K., Yang, H., Le, A., Nguyen, N. H., Lin, D., Vu, V. D., Chaung, K., Nguyen, V., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Zhang, J. Q., Chen, C., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 95 (31)

  Abstract

  For chronic hepatitis B (CHB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ?2?×?upper limit of normal (ULN) is often used as a major criteria to initiate treatment in absence of cirrhosis, though patients with lower ALT may not be free from future risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to examine the effect of antiviral therapy on HCC incidence based on ALT levels.We performed a retrospective study on 3665 patients consisting of United States and Taiwanese REVEAL-HBV cohort who were consecutive, treatment-naïve, noncirrhotic CHB patients aged ?40 years. Patients were categorized by ALT cutoffs (?2?×?ULN vs <2?×?ULN) and subgrouped by treatment status. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate cumulative incidence and hazard ratio (HR) of HCC adjusting for REACH-B scores.A total of 202 patients developed HCC. Antiviral treatment significantly reduced HCC risk: HR 0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.10-0.58; P?=?0.001. HCC incidence per 100,000 person-years was significantly higher in untreated versus treated patients, even for those with ALT?

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000004433

  View details for PubMedID 27495067

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4979821

• Poor adherence and low persistency rates for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Medicine Wang, C., Chen, V., Vu, V., Le, A., Nguyen, L., Zhao, C., Wong, C. R., Nguyen, N., Li, J., Zhang, J., Trinh, H., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 95 (35)

  Abstract

  Our goal was to examine rates and predictors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance adherence and persistency, since studies of such adherence and persistency in patients with chronic hepatitis (CHB) are currently limited.Consecutive CHB patients (N?=?1329) monitored for ?1 year at 4 US clinics from January 1996 to July 2013 were retrospectively studied. Surveillance adherence was evaluated based on the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze surveillance persistency of 510 patients who had initially fair adherence (having at least annual surveillance imaging with further follow-up).Mean age was 48, with the majority being male (58%), Asian (92%), foreign-born (95%), and medically insured (97%). Patients with cirrhosis and those seen at university liver clinics were more likely to have optimal HCC surveillance than those without cirrhosis and those seen at community clinics (38.4% vs 21.6%, P?<0.001 and 33.5% vs 14.4%, P?

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000004744

  View details for PubMedID 27583921

• Effects of Cirrhosis on Short-term and Long-term Survival of Patients With Hepatitis B-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY Chen, V. L., Le, A. K., Kim, N. G., Kim, L. H., Nguyen, N. H., Nguyen, P. P., Zhao, C., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 14 (6): 887-?

  Abstract

  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Unlike other liver diseases, HBV can cause HCC in the absence of cirrhosis. We investigated whether features of HCC in patients with HBV infection without cirrhosis and survival times differ from those of patients who develop HCC after cirrhosis.We performed a retrospective cohort study of 487 consecutive cases of HBV-related HCC who were seen from 2000 through 2014 at a tertiary care center. Laboratory values, imaging results, and treatment information were obtained from subjects' medical records. Symptoms of HCC included weight loss, abdominal pain, or new hepatic decompensation. The primary outcome was overall survival, which was categorized as short-term survival (up to 3 years after the diagnosis of HCC) or long-term survival (3-10 years after diagnosis).The mean tumor size at diagnosis was significantly larger in patients without cirrhosis (6.4 ± 4.3 cm) than in patients with cirrhosis (5.0 ± 3.8 cm) (P = .0009). A significantly larger proportion of patients without cirrhosis had symptoms at diagnosis (43.8% vs 35.4% in patients without cirrhosis, P = .09). A significantly higher proportion of patients without cirrhosis survived for the long-term (P = .003), but there was no significant difference between groups in short-term survival (P = .37). Notably, the same proportions of asymptomatic patients with and without cirrhosis survived for the short-term (64.3% vs 64.2%, P = .73), but a lower proportion of asymptomatic patients with cirrhosis survived for the long-term (P = .015). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, cirrhosis was an independent predictor of death in 3-10 years (hazard ratio, 3.76; P = .003) but not in less than 3 years (P = .48). Symptoms at diagnosis predicted death within 3 years (hazard ratio, 1.76; P =.006) but not in 3-10 years (P = .15).Patients with HBV infection and HCC without cirrhosis present with larger tumors, and a larger percentage have symptoms of cancer than patients with cirrhosis. This may indicate that HCC surveillance is less than optimal for patients with HBV infection without cirrhosis. Despite this suboptimal surveillance, patients without cirrhosis have higher long-term survival than those with cirrhosis, especially when asymptomatic at diagnosis.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.12.044

  View details for Web of Science ID 000376456400023

  View details for PubMedID 26820401

• Analysis of HCV-6 isolates among Asian-born immigrants in North America reveals their high genetic diversity and a new subtype VIROLOGY Lu, L., Wu, T., Xiong, L., Li, C., Nguyen, M. H., Murphy, D. G. 2016; 492: 25-31

  Abstract

  We characterized full-length genomes for 15 HCV-6 isolates, all from Asian immigrants living in North America. Among these isolates, nine were novel variants showing >15% nucleotide differences from their nearest relatives, representing lineages distinct from known subtypes. The other six were classified into subtypes 6c, 6h, 6q, 6r, and 6s. The partial sequences were also determined for five additional HCV-6 isolates, three from the US and two from Canada. The latter two were assigned to new subtype 6xf as they were found to classify with two other isolates for which we recently reported their full-length genomes. We further analyzed partial Core-E1 sequences of 100 HCV-6 isolates sampled in North America, seven from the US and 93 from Canada and all from Asian immigrants except for four from Caucasians. These 100 isolates belonged to 20 assigned subtypes and 16 unclassified lineages showing great genetic diversity and enhanced significance to public health.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.virol.2016.01.028

  View details for Web of Science ID 000374209900004

  View details for PubMedID 26896932

• Racial Disparities in Treatment Rates for Chronic Hepatitis C Analysis of a Population-Based Cohort of 73,665 Patients in the United States MEDICINE Vutien, P., Hoang, J., Brooks, L., Nguyen, N. H., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 95 (22)

  Abstract

  Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) disproportionately affects racial minorities in the United States (US). Although prior studies have reported lower treatment rates in Blacks than in Caucasians, the rates of other minorities remain understudied. We aimed to examine antiviral treatment rates by race and to evaluate the effect of other demographic, medical, and psychiatric factors on treatment rates. We performed a population-based study of adult CHC patients identified via ICD-9CM query from OptumInsight's Data Mart from January 2009 to December 2013. Antiviral treatment was defined by pharmaceutical claims for interferon and/or pegylated-interferon. A total of 73,665 insured patients were included: 51,282 Caucasians, 10,493 Blacks, 8679 Hispanics, and 3211 Asians. Caucasians had the highest treatment rate (10.7%) followed by Blacks (8.8%), Hispanics (8.8%), and Asians (7.9%, P?

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000003719

  View details for Web of Science ID 000378049400012

  View details for PubMedID 27258498

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4900706

• Alternative Therapies for Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Partial Virological Response to Standard Entecavir Monotherapy. Journal of clinical gastroenterology Chaung, K. T., O'Brien, C., Ha, N. B., Nguyen, N. H., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 50 (4): 338-344

  Abstract

  Entecavir (ETV) is a first-line, oral antinucleoside agent for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients. Despite its high potency, some patients may still be viremic after prolonged therapy with ETV monotherapy. Long-term outcome data comparing maintained ETV monotherapy to alternative therapies in persistently viremic patients are limited. Our goal was to compare complete viral suppression (CVS) rates [hepatitis B DNA (HBV DNA)<40 to 60 IU/mL] with alternative therapies to continued ETV monotherapy in ETV partial responders.This is a retrospective cohort study consisting of 86 consecutive treatment-naive, ETV=0.5 mg partial responders (detectable HBV DNA after ?12 mo on ETV) who maintained ETV=0.5 mg daily (n=29) or switched to either ETV=1.0 mg daily (n=32) or ETV/tenofovir (TDF)=0.5 mg/300 mg (n=25) in 3 US GI/liver clinics from January 2005 to January 2012. Patients were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision query and data were collected by individual chart review. For those who remained on ETV=0.5 mg, comparison at regimen "switch time" was done using values at 12 months from initial ETV therapy. Rates of CVS were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) relating to potential predictors to the desirable outcomes of CVS.In all therapy groups, the majority of patients were Asian (93.1% to 100.0%), male (64.0% to 68.8%), and hepatitis B e antigen-positive (95.8% to 100.0%) and had similar baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. However, baseline HBV DNA (7.0 vs. 7.9 vs. 7.8 log10 IU/mL, P=0.05) and HBV DNA at regimen switch point (2.9 vs. 3.7 vs. 3.6 log10 IU/mL, P=0.0014) were lower in the ETV=0.5 mg cohort compared with those switched to ETV=1.0 mg or ETV/TDF, respectively. The ETV=0.5 mg cohort also had the shortest duration of ETV=0.5 mg therapy before switch (11.8 vs. 13.5 vs. 19.2 mo, P<0.0001). After the switch point, more patients on ETV/TDF achieved CVS compared with those on ETV=0.5 mg or ETV=1.0 mg at month 6 (77.3% vs. 13.8% vs. 9.4%), month 12 (86.4% vs. 40.5% vs. 25.0%), and month 18 (100% vs. 70.2% vs. 33.3%). Compared with the ETV=0.5 mg and ETV=1.0 mg groups, the ETV/TDF group also had higher rates of ALT normalization at month 6 (73.0% vs, 46.4% vs. 63.0%), month 12 (79.7% vs. 69.5% vs. 77.9%), and month 18 (100.0% vs. 69.5% vs. 86.8%), respectively. The multivariate analyses, inclusive of baseline age and treatment duration on initial therapy with ETV=0.5 mg, indicated that the ETV/TDF combination (HR=12.19, P<0.0001) was independently and positively associated with CVS, whereas high HBV DNA levels at baseline (HR=0.77, P=0.02) and at switch point (HR=0.46, P=0.002) were negatively associated with CVS. ETV=1.0 mg dose was not a predictor for CVS compared with ETV=0.5 mg.Following adjustments for HBV DNA levels and prior treatment duration, ETV/TDF combination therapy independently predicted superior viral suppression and ALT normalization in partial responders to ETV=0.5 mg daily compared with ETV=0.5 mg or ETV=1.0 mg monotherapy. In patients who continued to be viremic after 12 months of ETV=0.5 mg, one third were still viremic after another 18 months on the same therapy. Alternative therapies should be considered for these patients.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000455

  View details for PubMedID 26646801

• Letter: lessons from the "real-world' entecavir therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients - authors' reply ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Ahn, J., Nguyen, M. H., Lim, J. K., Lee, H. M., Pan, C. Q., Lok, A. S. 2016; 43 (7): 847?48

  View details for PubMedID 26932418

• Rates of Treatment Eligibility in Follow-Up of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Across Various Clinical Settings Who Were Initially Ineligible at Presentation. Digestive diseases and sciences Uribe, L. A., Nguyen, N., Kim, L., Trinh, H. N., Wong, C., Wong, C., Nguyen, L. H., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 61 (2): 618-625

  Abstract

  Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major cause of cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. Not all patients with CHB require antiviral treatment but long-term monitoring is critical to identify patients who would benefit from antiviral therapy. CHB patients followed in various clinical settings may differ in disease characteristics and rates of treatment eligibility in long-term follow-up.We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 359 consecutive treatment-naive, treatment-ineligible CHB patients (228 from community GI clinics; 73 from university hepatology clinic; 58 from primary care clinic). Primary end points were the proportion of patients meeting eligibility criteria in follow-up, and the eligibility comparison among patients in various clinical settings. Univariate and multivariate Cox's proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios to identify predictors of treatment eligibility in follow-up.While the majority of patients remained treatment ineligible by guideline recommendations, a sizeable proportion (23 %, 95 % CI 18-27 %) of patients subsequently met treatment eligibility in study follow-up. Reasons for meeting US Panel treatment eligibility on multivariate analysis included baseline ALT ? ULN (HR 1.91, p = 0.03) and baseline HBV DNA ? 2000 IU/mL (HR 2.6, p = 0.001). Practice setting was not a predictor.A significant number of patients with CHB (23 %) who were not initially treatment eligible later met treatment criteria in longer-term follow-up. Significant independent predictors of treatment eligibility included a baseline ALT ? ULN and elevated HBV DNA (?2000 IU/mL for US Panel eligibility and ?20,000 IU/mL for AASLD eligibility). This study underscores the importance of long-term follow-up for patients with CHB.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-015-3982-4

  View details for PubMedID 26660679

• Treatment Outcomes With First-line Therapies With Entecavir and Tenofovir in Treatment-Naive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in a Routine Clinical Practice JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY Ha, N. B., Trinh, H. N., Rosenblatt, L., Nghiem, D., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 50 (2): 169-174

  Abstract

  Given their high efficacy, entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir (TDF), are the recommended first-line therapies for chronic hepatitis B, but it is not clear whether the efficacy reported from pivotal trials is similar to the outcomes seen in routine practice.Our goal was to examine the treatment outcomes of antiviral therapy in such setting.We conducted a retrospective study of 557 consecutive treatment-naive patients who started either ETV (n=443) or TDF (n=114) at 3 US liver clinics between January 2005 and 2012. Primary study endpoint was complete viral suppression (CVS) rate (hepatitis B virus DNA<40 IU/mL).The majority of patients in both ETV and TDF groups were Asians, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative, male, and with similar pretreatment alanine aminotransferase and hepatitis B virus DNA levels. Similar proportions of patients in the ETV and TDF groups achieved CVS at 24 months: 87.7% versus 87.0%, respectively. Cumulative rates of virological breakthrough in the ETV and TDF groups were 1.0% versus 4.8% (P=0.26) and 3.7% versus 9.8% (P=0.04) at month 12 and 24, respectively; and all were associated with medication nonadherence. Cumulative rate of medication nonadherence was lower in the ETV than TDF group: 4.6% versus 7.8% at month 12 and 8.9% versus 16.9% at month 24, respectively.Patients treated with either ETV or TDF achieve a similar rate of CVS at 24 months. The primary contributor to suboptimal response was medication nonadherence. Attention to medication adherence is needed in a routine clinical setting.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000345

  View details for Web of Science ID 000372836200012

• Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening and Surveillance Practice Guidelines and Real-Life Practice JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY Zhao, C., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 50 (2): 120-133

  Abstract

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most common malignancy worldwide. HCC meets all the criteria established by the World Health Organization for performing surveillance on those at-risk for developing cancer. Although there are consensus guidelines in the United States, Europe, and Asia for HCC surveillance, it is unclear if these guidelines are regularly implemented in routine practice to optimize real-life clinical outcomes. We reviewed the current literature on the adherence to current HCC practice guidelines by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (2009), the European Association for the Study of the Liver (2012), and the Asia Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (2010) for screening/surveillance and outcomes of optimal versus poor adherence. We performed PubMed search for relevant articles regarding HCC surveillance and screening worldwide. Currently, HCC screening is underutilized to a large extent. In most studies, the adherence to HCC screening and surveillance is suboptimal. Various patient, provider, and health care system factors may have all contributed to such nonadherence. Strategies to improve HCC screening and surveillance are urgently needed for early HCC detection and improved survival of HCC patients. Further research is needed to elucidate the various medical and/or cultural knowledge, belief, and practice patterns that can lead to barriers to HCC screening and surveillance at both patient and provider levels. These data will help focus and target advocacy and educational efforts to improve HCC surveillance at all levels: patients, providers, and health care system/government.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000446

  View details for Web of Science ID 000372836200005

• HCV Prevalence in Asian Americans in California. Journal of immigrant and minority health Lin, O. N., Chang, C., Lee, J., Do, A., Martin, M., Martin, A., Nguyen, M. H. 2016: -?

  Abstract

  The World Health Organization estimates that 170 million persons are infected with HCV worldwide, but only 22 million are from the Americas and Europe, compared to 94 million from Asia. HCV prevalence in the general US population is 1.6 %, but data for Asian Americans are limited. Our goal was to examine HCV prevalence in Asian Americans in a large ethnically diverse patient cohort seeking primary care at a free clinic in Northern California. A total of 1347 consecutive patients were seen from September 2009 to October 2012 and were studied via individual chart review using case report forms. HCV infection was defined as positive HCV antibody (anti-HCV) or HCV RNA by PCR. 699 out of 1347 patients were screened for HCV. Asian Americans comprised 57.2 % of these patients and 29 (4.1 %) patients tested positive for HCV. Of these 29 HCV-positive patients, 22 (75.9 %) were Asian, yielding a prevalence of 5.5 % for Asians and 2.3 % for non-Asians (P = 0.038). The highest HCV prevalence was seen in Vietnamese patients at 7.9 %, and 6.0 % in Chinese patients. Of the HCV-positive Asians, none had a history of intravenous drug use (IVDU), tattoos, or sexual exposure. On multivariate analysis, significant independent predictors for positive HCV infection were male gender (OR 2.53, P = 0.02) and presence of known risk factors (OR 21.1, P < 0.001). However, older age and Asian ethnicity were found to be significant predictors of HCV infection (OR 1.03, P = 0.05 and 2.31, P = 0.066, respectively). In our study, HCV prevalence in patients seeking routine primary care was 5.5 % in Asian Americans, which was over double the prevalence for non-Asians at 2.3 %. Known risk factors were also notably absent in Asian patients with HCV infection. The high prevalence of HCV in Asian-Americans is likely reflective of the higher prevalence of HCV in their countries of origin in Asia. Asian-Americans immigrants from endemic countries are at higher risk of HCV infection and should be screened for HCV, regardless of their exposure risk profile.

  View details for PubMedID 26798070

• Tolerability and effectiveness of sofosbuvir and simeprevir in the post-transplant setting: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ open gastroenterology Nguyen, N. H., Yee, B. E., Chang, C., Jin, M., Lutchman, G., Lim, J. K., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 3 (1)

  Abstract

  Outcome data on simeprevir and sofosbuvir (SMV+SOF) in patients with liver transplantation (LT) with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV-1) are limited with individual studies having a small sample size and limited SVR12 (sustained virological response) data. Our goal was to perform a meta-analysis to study the outcome of SMV+SOF±ribavirin (RBV) in recipients with LT.In April 2015, we conducted a literature search for 'simeprevir' in MEDLINE/EMBASE and five major liver meetings. We included studies with SVR12 data in ?5 post-LT mono-infected HCV-1 patients treated with SMV+SOF±RBV. We used random-effects models to estimate effect sizes, and the Cochrane Q-test (p value <0.10) with I(2) (>50%) to assess study heterogeneity.We included nine studies with a total of 325 patients with post-LT. Studies included mostly men (59-81%). Pooled SVR12 was 88.0% (95% CI 83.4% to 91.5%). In two studies, HCV-1a patients with mild fibrosis (n=108) had an SVR12 rate of 95.0% (95% CI 82.4% to 98.7%), which was significantly higher than that of HCV-1a patients with advanced fibrosis (n=49) with an SVR12 rate of 81.7% (95% CI 69.8% to 89.5%), OR 4.2 (95% CI 1.1 to 16.1, p=0.03). The most common pooled side effects were: fatigue 21% (n=48/237), headache 9% (n=23/254), dermatological symptoms 15% (n=38/254), and gastrointestinal symptoms 6% (12/193).SMV+SOF±RBV is safe and effective in recipients with LT with HCV-1 infection.

  View details for DOI 10.1136/bmjgast-2015-000066

  View details for PubMedID 26966549

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4782279

• RISING INPATIENT ENCOUNTERS AND HOSPITAL CHARGES FOR PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN THE UNITED STATES Nguyen, A. L., Nguyen, P., Sheen, E., Jin, M., Jin, M., Kim, Y., Nguyen, M. H. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2016: S472

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(16)00796-0

  View details for Web of Science ID 000398711700790

• ANTIVIRAL THERAPY FOR THE PREVENTION OF LONG-TERM CIRRHOSIS RISK IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B Yang, H., Hoang, J., Lin, D., Liu, J., Hu, H., Lee, M., Nguyen, N. H., Kim, Y., Jen, C., Vu, V., Le, A., Chaung, K., Nguyen, V., Trinh, H., Li, J., Zhang, J., Hsing, A., Chen, C., Nguyen, M. H. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2016: S591

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(16)01088-6

  View details for Web of Science ID 000398715800273

• DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A RISK SCORE SYSTEM INCLUSIVE OF ANTIVIRAL THERAPY FOR PREDICTING LIVER CIRRHOSIS RISK IN DIVERSE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION Jin, M., Yang, H., Le, A. K., Lee, M., Hoang, J., Nguyen, N. H., Lin, D., Trinh, H., Li, J., Zhang, J., Chen, C., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2016: S372

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(16)00560-2

  View details for Web of Science ID 000398711700555

• THE APPLICABILITY OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA RISK PREDICTION SCORING SYSTEM IN A US PATIENT COHORT WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C INFECTION Jin, M., Zhao, C., Lee, M., Le, A. K., Hoang, J., Ha, N. B., Trieu, V., Yang, H., Chen, C., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2016: S621?S622

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(16)01154-5

  View details for Web of Science ID 000398715800339

• HIGH EFFICACY OF SOFOSBUVIR/VELPATASVIR PLUS GS-9857 FOR 12 WEEKS IN TREATMENT-EXPERIENCED GENOTYPE 1-6 HCV-INFECTED PATIENTS, INCLUDING THOSE PREVIOUSLY TREATED WITH DIRECT-ACTING ANTIVIRALS Lawitz, E., Kowdley, K., Curry, M., Reau, N., Nguyen, M., Kwo, P., Jacobson, I., Tran, T. T., Nahass, R., Hinestrosa, F., Herring, R., Bennet, M., Yang, J. C., Stamm, L. M., An, D., Dvory-Sobol, H., Brainard, D. M., McHutchison, J. G., Schiff, E., Davis, M., Etzkorn, K., Chung, R. T., Pound, D., Rodriguez-Torres, M., Reddy, K. R., Younes, Z., Gane, E. J. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2016: S139?S140

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(16)01645-7

  View details for Web of Science ID 000398711700015

• ONLY ONE-THIRD OF PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA WERE DIAGNOSED BY SCREENING, SURVEILLANCE, OR WITHOUT SYMPTOMS: A META-ANALYSIS OF 40 STUDIES AND 20,349 PATIENTS WITH DIVERSE UNDERLYING LIVER DISEASE AND WORLD REGIONS Jin, M. Q., Le, R. H., Jin, M., Zhao, C., Le, M. H., Nguyen, A., Kwan, B., Chen, V. L., Wong, V., Lim, Y., Chuang, W., Yu, M., Wong, G., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2016: S336

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(16)00474-8

  View details for Web of Science ID 000398711700469

• VALIDATION OF THE GALAD SCORE FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA DIAGNOSIS IN A US COHORT Yang, J. D., Dai, J., Addissie, B., Nguyen, M. H., Befeler, A. S., Reddy, R., Schwartz, M. E., Harnois, D. M., Gores, G. J., Feng, Z., Marrero, J. A., Roberts, L. R. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2016: S330

  View details for Web of Science ID 000398711700455

• SOFOSBUVIR/VELPATASVIR FIXED DOSE COMBINATION FOR 12 WEEKS IN HCV INFECTED PATIENTS PREVIOUSLY TREATED WITH PLACEBO: RESULTS OF THE DEFERRED TREATMENT STUDY (GS-US-342-1446 STUDY) Asselah, T., Shafran, S., Bourgeois, S., Lai, C., Cramp, M., Mathurin, P., Willems, B., Nguyen, M. H., Davis, M. N., Huang, K. C., Svarovskaia, E., Osinusi, A., Mcnally, J., Brainard, D., McHutchison, J., Shaikh, O. S., Tran, T. T. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2016: S827?S828

  View details for Web of Science ID 000399133800204

• Entecavir safety and effectiveness in a national cohort of treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients in the US - the ENUMERATE study. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Ahn, J., Lee, H. M., Lim, J. K., Pan, C. Q., Nguyen, M. H., Ray Kim, W., Mannalithara, A., Trinh, H., Chu, D., Tran, T., Min, A., Do, S., Te, H., Reddy, K. R., Lok, A. S. 2016; 43 (1): 134?44

  Abstract

  Entecavir (ETV) has been shown to be safe and efficacious in randomised controlled trials in highly selected patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.To determine the safety and effectiveness of ETV in 'real-world' HBV patients in the United States (US).Treatment-naïve HBV patients ?18 years old who received ETV for ?12 months between 2005 and 2013 were included in a retrospective, cohort study. Rates of ALT normalisation, undetectable HBV DNA, HBeAg and HBsAg loss/seroconversion, adverse events (AE) and clinical outcomes were evaluated.Of 841 patients, 658 [65% male, 83% Asian; median age 47 years] met the inclusion criteria. 36% were HBeAg+ and 9.3% cirrhotic. 89% had abnormal ALT. Baseline median HBV DNA was 5.8 log 10 IU/mL. Median duration of ETV treatment was 4 years. Rates of ALT normalisation at 1, 3 and 5 years were 37.2%, 48.7% and 56.2% in HBeAg+ and 39.6%, 46.8% and 55.6% in HBeAg- patients. HBV DNA was undetectable at 1, 3 and 5 years in 34.6%, 64.7% and 84.6% in HBeAg+ patients, and 81.9%, 90.3% and 96.2% in HBeAg patients. Five-year cumulative probability of HBeAg loss and seroconversion was 46% and 33.7% and HBsAg loss was 4.6%. ETV was discontinued due to adverse events in 1.2% of patients. Hepatic decompensation occurred in 0.8%, liver cancer in 2.7% and death in 0.6%.Entecavir treatment was safe in a large cohort of US patients, but ALT normalisation and hepatitis B virus DNA suppression rates were lower than previously reported in clinical trials.

  View details for PubMedID 26510638

• Treatment Outcomes With First-line Therapies With Entecavir and Tenofovir in Treatment-Naive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in a Routine Clinical Practice. Journal of clinical gastroenterology Ha, N. B., Trinh, H. N., Rosenblatt, L., Nghiem, D., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 50 (2): 169?74

  Abstract

  Given their high efficacy, entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir (TDF), are the recommended first-line therapies for chronic hepatitis B, but it is not clear whether the efficacy reported from pivotal trials is similar to the outcomes seen in routine practice.Our goal was to examine the treatment outcomes of antiviral therapy in such setting.We conducted a retrospective study of 557 consecutive treatment-naive patients who started either ETV (n=443) or TDF (n=114) at 3 US liver clinics between January 2005 and 2012. Primary study endpoint was complete viral suppression (CVS) rate (hepatitis B virus DNA<40 IU/mL).The majority of patients in both ETV and TDF groups were Asians, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative, male, and with similar pretreatment alanine aminotransferase and hepatitis B virus DNA levels. Similar proportions of patients in the ETV and TDF groups achieved CVS at 24 months: 87.7% versus 87.0%, respectively. Cumulative rates of virological breakthrough in the ETV and TDF groups were 1.0% versus 4.8% (P=0.26) and 3.7% versus 9.8% (P=0.04) at month 12 and 24, respectively; and all were associated with medication nonadherence. Cumulative rate of medication nonadherence was lower in the ETV than TDF group: 4.6% versus 7.8% at month 12 and 8.9% versus 16.9% at month 24, respectively.Patients treated with either ETV or TDF achieve a similar rate of CVS at 24 months. The primary contributor to suboptimal response was medication nonadherence. Attention to medication adherence is needed in a routine clinical setting.

  View details for PubMedID 26018133

• Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases: update on the challenge of diagnosis and treatment. Clinical and molecular hepatology Oh, H., Jun, D. W., Saeed, W. K., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 22 (3): 327?35

  Abstract

  The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to be 25-30% of the population, and is the most common cause of elevated liver enzymes in Korea. NAFLD is a "hot potato" for pharmaceutical companies. Many clinical trials are underway to develop a first-in-class drug to treat NAFLD. However, there are several challenging issues regarding the diagnosis of NAFLD. Currently, liver biopsy is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of NAFLD and steatohepatitis. Ideally, globally recognized standards for histological diagnosis and methods to optimize observer agreement on biopsy interpretation should be developed. Liver biopsy is the best method rather than a perfect one. Recently, multi-parametric magnetic resonance imagery can estimate the amount of intrahepatic fat successfully and is widely used in clinical trials. But no diagnostic method can discriminate between steatohepatitis and simple steatosis. The other unresolved issue in regard to NAFLD is the absence of satisfactory treatment options. Vitamin E and obeticholic acid have shown protective effects in randomized controlled trials, but this drug has not been approved for use in Korea. This study will provide a description of diagnostic methods and treatments that are currently recommended for NAFLD.

  View details for PubMedID 27729634

• Sex differences in disease presentation, treatment and clinical outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a single-centre cohort study. BMJ open gastroenterology Ladenheim, M. R., Kim, N. G., Nguyen, P., Le, A., Stefanick, M. L., Garcia, G., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 3 (1)

  Abstract

  Although sex differences in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk are well known, it is unclear whether sex differences also exist in clinical presentation and survival outcomes once HCC develops.We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1886 HCC patients seen in a US medical centre in 1998-2015. Data were obtained by chart review with survival data also by National Death Index search.The cohort consisted of 1449 male and 437 female patients. At diagnosis, men were significantly younger than women (59.9±10.7 vs 64.0±11.6, p<0.0001). Men had significantly higher rates of tobacco (57.7% vs 31.0%, p<0.001) and alcohol use (63.2% vs 35.1%, p<0.001). Women were more likely to be diagnosed by routine screening versus symptomatically or incidentally (65.5% vs 58.2%, p=0.03) and less likely to present with tumours >5?cm (30.2% vs 39.8%, p=0.001). Surgical and non-surgical treatment utilisation was similar for both sexes. Men and women had no significant difference in median survival from the time of diagnosis (median 30.7 (range=24.5-41.3) vs 33.1 (range=27.4-37.3) months, p=0.84). On multivariate analysis, significant predictors for improved survival included younger age, surgical or non-surgical treatment (vs supportive care), diagnosis by screening, tumour within Milan criteria and lower Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, but not female sex (adjusted HR=1.01, CI 0.82 to 1.24, p=0.94).Although men have much higher risk for HCC development, there were no significant sex differences in disease presentation or survival except for older age and lower tumour burden at diagnosis in women. Female sex was not an independent predictor for survival.

  View details for DOI 10.1136/bmjgast-2016-000107

  View details for PubMedID 27493763

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4964155

• Impact of country of birth on age at the time of diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. Cancer Yang, J. D., Altekruse, S. F., Nguyen, M. H., Gores, G. J., Roberts, L. R. 2016

  Abstract

  There is global variation in the onset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of country of birth on age at the time of HCC diagnosis in the United States.Incident HCC cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program 18 registry were included. Factors associated with very early onset (age at diagnosis?

  View details for PubMedID 27571320

• Entecavir safety and effectiveness in a national cohort of treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B patients in the US - the ENUMERATE study ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Ahn, J., Lee, H. M., Lim, J. K., Pan, C. Q., Nguyen, M. H., Kim, W. R., Mannalithara, A., Trinh, H., Chu, D., Tran, T., Min, A., Do, S., Te, H., Reddy, K. R., Lok, A. S. 2016; 43 (1): 134-144

  Abstract

  Entecavir (ETV) has been shown to be safe and efficacious in randomised controlled trials in highly selected patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.To determine the safety and effectiveness of ETV in 'real-world' HBV patients in the United States (US).Treatment-naïve HBV patients ?18 years old who received ETV for ?12 months between 2005 and 2013 were included in a retrospective, cohort study. Rates of ALT normalisation, undetectable HBV DNA, HBeAg and HBsAg loss/seroconversion, adverse events (AE) and clinical outcomes were evaluated.Of 841 patients, 658 [65% male, 83% Asian; median age 47 years] met the inclusion criteria. 36% were HBeAg+ and 9.3% cirrhotic. 89% had abnormal ALT. Baseline median HBV DNA was 5.8 log 10 IU/mL. Median duration of ETV treatment was 4 years. Rates of ALT normalisation at 1, 3 and 5 years were 37.2%, 48.7% and 56.2% in HBeAg+ and 39.6%, 46.8% and 55.6% in HBeAg- patients. HBV DNA was undetectable at 1, 3 and 5 years in 34.6%, 64.7% and 84.6% in HBeAg+ patients, and 81.9%, 90.3% and 96.2% in HBeAg patients. Five-year cumulative probability of HBeAg loss and seroconversion was 46% and 33.7% and HBsAg loss was 4.6%. ETV was discontinued due to adverse events in 1.2% of patients. Hepatic decompensation occurred in 0.8%, liver cancer in 2.7% and death in 0.6%.Entecavir treatment was safe in a large cohort of US patients, but ALT normalisation and hepatitis B virus DNA suppression rates were lower than previously reported in clinical trials.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.13440

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368188100013

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4926997

• Antibody-dependent and -independent uptake of HBsAg across human leukocyte subsets is similar between individuals with chronic hepatitis B Virus infection and healthy donors. Journal of viral hepatitis Tharinger, H., Rebbapragada, I., Samuel, D., Novikov, N., Nguyen, M., Jordan, R., Frey, C. R., Pflanz, S. 2016

  Abstract

  Maintaining detectable levels of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum, i.e. HBsAg sero-conversion, is the key clinical endpoint indicative of recovery from infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV-infected hepatocytes secrete HBsAg sub-viral particles in vast excess over HBV virions. Therefore, detectable hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) titers imply complete elimination of HBV virions as well as HBsAg particles. Although intrahepatic phagocytes, e.g. Kupffer cells, are thought to mediate clearance of HBsAg via antibody (Ab)-dependent and -independent mechanisms, the relative contributions of circulating phagocytic cell types to HBsAg elimination are poorly characterized. Understanding the role of various immune cell subsets in the clearance of HBsAg is important because Ab-dependent or -independent phagocytic HBsAg uptake may modulate presentation of HBsAg-derived epitopes to antigen-specific T cells and hence plays a critical role in adaptive immunity against HBV. This study aims to characterize phagocytic leukocyte subsets capable of internalizing HBsAg immune complexes (HBsAg:IC) or un-complexed HBsAg particles in whole blood directly ex vivo. The data shows that uptake of HBsAg:IC occurs most prominently in monocytes, B cells, dendritic cells, and in neutrophils. In contrast, B cells, and to a lesser degree also monocytes, seem to be effective phagocytes for un-complexed HBsAg. Importantly, a similar pattern of phagocytic HBsAg uptake was observed in blood from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting that phagocytosis-related cellular functions are not altered in the context of CHB. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  View details for PubMedID 28012213

• Screening and management of viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Mongolia: results from a survey of Mongolian physicians from all major provinces of Mongolia. BMJ open gastroenterology Kim, Y. A., Estevez, J., Le, A., Israelski, D., Baatarkhuu, O., Sarantuya, T., Narantsetseg, S., Nymadawa, P., H Le, R., Yuen, M. F., Dusheiko, G., Rizzetto, M., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 3 (1): e000119

  Abstract

  According to Globocan, Mongolia has the highest worldwide hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence (78.1/100?000, 3.5× higher than China).We conducted an anonymous survey of physicians from major provinces who attended an educational liver symposium, analysing their demography, practice, knowledge, perceptions and proposed solutions. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate OR relating demography and practice factors with higher provider knowledge and improvement.Of the 121 attendees, 44-95 (36-79%) responded to each question. Most were female (87%), young (79% age <50), subspecialists (81%), university-affiliated (74%), and practised in urban areas (61%). The mean pretest and post-test scores per physician were 60.4±20.4 and 65.6±21.3, with no observed significant predictors for baseline knowledge or improvement. Most (>80%) noted that <50% of patients who need hepatitis or HCC screening receive it. The main perceived barriers to screening were inability to pay for tests, lack of guidelines and poor patient awareness. Hepatitis treatment rates were low; 83% treated hepatitis C virus in <10 patients in the past year, and 86% treated hepatitis B virus in <10 patients/month. Treatment barriers were multifactorial, with cost as a principal barrier. Proposed solutions were universal screening policies (46%), removal of financial barriers (28%) and provider education (20%).Physicians from major regions of Mongolia noted low screening for viral hepatitis, even lower treatment rates, financial barriers and the need for increased educational efforts. We advocate broad-based medical education tailored to local needs and based on needs assessment and outcome measurements.

  View details for PubMedID 27933202

• Lower response to simeprevir and sofosbuvir in HCV genotype 1 in routine practice compared with clinical trials. BMJ open gastroenterology Yee, B. E., Nguyen, N. H., Jin, M., Lutchman, G., Lim, J. K., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 3 (1)

  Abstract

  High sustained virological response at 12?weeks after end of treatment (SVR12) with 12?weeks of simeprevir and sofosbuvir±ribavirin (SMV+SOF±RBV) has been demonstrated in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV-1) but is based on limited data. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of available data evaluating the effectiveness of SMV+SOF±RBV in HCV-1.We performed a comprehensive literature search in June 2015 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of HCV-1 patients treated with 12?weeks of SMV+SOF±RBV. Original studies with SVR12 data in ?5 HCV-1 patients were included. We excluded studies on liver transplant recipients and/or patients co-infected with HIV or hepatitis B/D. We estimated pooled effect sizes using a random-effects model and evaluated heterogeneity with Cochrane Q-test, p?0.10 and I(2) statistic ?50%.Pooled SVR12 was 85.6% (CI 81.3% to 89.0%) in 1389 HCV-1 patients from 15 studies. On subgroup analysis, SVR12 was 83.9% (CI 79.4% to 87.5%) in observational studies, which was lower than 93.5% (CI 85.7% to 97.2%) in RCTs. A trend showed SVR12 was higher in mild fibrosis, 93.0% (CI 86.2% to 96.6%) compared with advanced fibrosis, 81.5% (CI 75.7% to 86.1%), OR 2.22 (CI 0.79 to 6.25, p=0.131). There was no significant difference in SVR12 rates between HCV-1a, 89.9% (CI 81.9% to 94.6%) and HCV-1b, 89.0% (CI 78.9% to 94.6%) with OR 1.35 (CI 0.75 to 2.42, p=0.322). The most common pooled side effects were: headache 15.2% (n=55/361), fatigue 12.1% (n=78/646), nausea 9.5% (n=50/527) and rash 9.3% (n=68/728).SMV+SOF±RBV is an effective regimen in HCV-1 patients. The SVR12 rate in observational studies was lower than that in RCTs, which may reflect the more diverse patient population in real-world settings.

  View details for DOI 10.1136/bmjgast-2015-000056

  View details for PubMedID 26966547

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4780041

• The Cascade of Care in Chronic Hepatitis B Current Hepatitis Reports Liou, I. W., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 15: 209-219

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s11901-016-0316-8.

• Hepatitis B surface antigen escape mutations: Indications for initiation of antiviral therapy revisited. World journal of clinical cases Leong, J., Lin, D., Nguyen, M. H. 2016; 4 (3): 71?75

  Abstract

  Approximately 240 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B. The implementation of rigorous vaccination programs has led to an overall decrease in the prevalence of this disease worldwide but this may also have led to emergence of viral mutations that can escape the protection of hepatitis B surface antibody. As this phenomenon is increasingly recognized, concern for transmission to vaccinated individuals has also been raised. Herein, we describe two cases where the suspected presence of a hepatitis B surface antigen escape mutation impacted the decision to initiate early antiviral therapy, as well as provide a brief review of these mutations. Our findings described here suggest that a lower threshold for initiating therapy in these individuals should be considered in order to reduce the risk of transmission, as vaccination does not provide protection.

  View details for DOI 10.12998/wjcc.v4.i3.71

  View details for PubMedID 26989671

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4792167

• Current Treatment Options in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 6. Gastroenterology clinics of North America Nguyen, N. H., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 44 (4): 871-881

  Abstract

  Approximately 3% of the world's population is chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). In some southeast Asian countries the prevalence of HCV (?6%-7%) far exceeds that seen in the United States (1.8%). The lesser known HCV genotype 6 (HCV-6) is also common in patients from southeast Asia and the surrounding regions. Most data on direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) to date have been derived from clinical trials conducted in Western countries, where HCV-6 is rare. The standard of care for patients with HCV-6 is still pegylated interferon and ribavirin. However, data are emerging for several DAA combinations.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gtc.2015.07.010

  View details for PubMedID 26600225

• Re-treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection with pegylated interferon and ribavirin: a meta-analysis BMJ OPEN GASTROENTEROLOGY Zhang, B., Nguyen, N. H., Yee, B. E., Yip, B., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 2 (1): e000057

  Abstract

  An estimated 170 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV genotype 4 (HCV-4)-the most prevalent hepatitis C strain in the Middle East and Africa-is difficult to treat, with an estimated sustained virological response (SVR) of 53% when using pegylated interferon and ribavirin (P/R) in treatment-naïve patients with HCV-4 infection. In regions where access to direct-acting antivirals is limited, re-treatment of patients who failed therapy with another course of P/R may be an option if the success rate is acceptable.We aimed to determine the SVR from retreatment with P/R in treatment-experienced patients with HCV-4 infection.We performed a meta-analysis using MEDLINE and EMBASE searches, and by reviewing article bibliographies and abstracts from recent Liver Society Meetings. Original studies featuring at least 10 adult, treatment-experienced patients with HCV-4 infection failing prior interferon-based therapy and receiving subsequent re-treatment with P/R were included.3 studies were included. Overall pooled SVR was 32.7%, or 41/126 patients. No significant heterogeneity existed among the studies. One study reported higher SVR of 50% in previous relapsers, compared with 23% in previous non-responders.As expected, treatment-experienced patients achieved lower rate of SVR compared with previously reported SVR for treatment-naïve patients with HCV-4 infection. The abysmal rate of success from re-treatment with P/R supports the use of direct-acting antivirals whenever re-treatment is considered, even in resource-limited regions.

  View details for PubMedID 26629360

• Renal Function in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate or Entecavir Monotherapy A Matched Case-Cohort Study JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY Ha, N. B., Ku, K., Ha, N. B., Chaung, K. T., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 49 (10): 873-877

  Abstract

  Tenofovir (TDF)-associated renal dysfunction has been described in various studies of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Our goal is to examine the incidence and magnitude of decrease in renal function in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with TDF.We performed a case-cohort study of 103 patients on TDF 300 mg and 103 patients unexposed to TDF (Entecavir) at 4 centers, who were matched for age±10 years, sex, and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) group. Calculation and evaluation of eGFR were performed with both the Cockcroft-Gault formula and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula.The exposed and unexposed populations were well matched with a similar mean age (44±10 y), proportion of male patients (63.1%), and baseline eGFR groups (86.4% unimpaired). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients reclassified to a more severe renal classification (RMSRC) or in the proportion of patients with decrease in eGFR of ?20% in those exposed to TDF versus control. The incidence density for RMSRC was 7.4 cases per 100 patient-years in the exposed group compared with 11.5 cases per 100 patient-years in the unexposed group (95% CI, 0.31-1.34). The relative risk of exposed to unexposed was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.31-1.34). On Cox proportional hazard analysis following adjustment for sex, age, baseline diagnosis hypertension, diabetes, impaired baseline renal function, and cirrhosis, TDF was not a predictor for RMSRC or decrease in eGFR?20%.TDF treatment was not an independent predictor for significant deterioration of renal function. Renal function of chronic hepatitis B patients on antiviral therapy should be monitored, especially in those who are older and/or with mildly impaired renal function.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000325

  View details for Web of Science ID 000363300500012

  View details for PubMedID 25856383

• A Treatment Algorithm for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States: 2015 Update CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY Martin, P., Lau, D. T., Nguyen, M. H., Janssen, H. l., Dieterich, D. T., Peters, M. G., Jacobson, I. M. 2015; 13 (12): 2071-?

  Abstract

  Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) continues to be an important public health problem worldwide, including in the United States. An algorithm for managing CHB was developed by a panel of United States hepatologists in 2004 and subsequently updated in 2006 and 2008. Since 2008, additional data on long-term safety and efficacy of licensed therapies have become available and have better defined therapeutic options for CHB. The evidence indicates that potent antiviral therapy can lead to regression of extensive fibrosis or even cirrhosis, thus potentially altering the natural history of CHB. In addition, appropriate choice of antiviral agent can minimize the risk of resistance. This updated algorithm for managing CHB is based primarily on evidence from the scientific literature. Where data were lacking, the panel relied on clinical experience and consensus expert opinion. The primary aim of antiviral therapy for CHB is durable suppression of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA to low or undetectable levels. CHB patients who have HBV DNA >2,000 IU/mL, elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and any degree of fibrosis should receive antiviral therapy regardless of their hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status. CHB patients with HBV DNA >2,000 IU/mL and elevated ALT but no evidence of fibrosis may also be considered for antiviral therapy. Approved antiviral therapies for CHB are interferon alfa-2b, peginterferon alfa-2a, lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, telbivudine, and tenofovir, although the preferred first-line treatment choices are peginterferon alfa-2a, entecavir, and tenofovir. In determining choice of therapy, considerations include efficacy, safety, rate of resistance, method of administration, duration, and cost.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.07.007

  View details for Web of Science ID 000363166200006

  View details for PubMedID 26188135

• Antiviral Therapy, Treatment Eligibility, and Treatment Rates in Patients Meeting Treatment Criteria in Chronic Hepatitis B in Diverse Practice Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 9 Studies and 22,768 Patients Mahajan, V., Jin, M., Le, M., Nghia Nguyen, Wong, C., Leong, J., Nguyen, M. H. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2015: S959?S961

  View details for Web of Science ID 000363715904470

• Differential Progression to Cirrhosis and Hepatic Decompensation in Asian Americans (AA) and Non-Asian (NA) Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) Le, A. K., Nguyen, N. H., Zhao, C., Hoang, J. K., Chang, C. Y., Jin, M., Nguyen, P., Nguyen, P. T., Le, R. H., Jin, M. Q., Nguyen, L., Yasukawa, L., Zhang, J. Q., Weber, S. C., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 1110A?1111A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375404094

• Risk Differences of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) of Different Viral Genotypes: a Historical Cohort Study in the United States Jin, M., Zhao, C., Hoang, J. K., Nguyen, N. H., Le, A. K., Chang, C. Y., Le, R. H., Kutsenko, A., Yasukawa, L., Zhang, J. Q., Weber, S. C., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 392A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375401243

• Effect of Antiviral Therapy and REACH-B Risk Score on Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Incidence in Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Patients Who Did Not Meet Treatment Criteria by AASLD, US Panel, EASL, or APASL Guideline Nguyen, N. H., Vu, V. D., Lin, D., Hoang, J. K., Le, A. K., Chaung, K. T., Nguyen, V. G., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Zhang, J. Q., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 396A?397A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375401252

• Meta-Analysis: Proportions of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Diagnosed by Screening, Surveillance, or Without Symptoms is Dismally Low Across Different World Regions and Underlying Liver Diseases Jin, M. Q., Le, R. H., Jin, M., Zhao, C., Le, M. H., Chen, V. L., Wong, G., Wong, V. W., Lim, Y., Chuang, W., Yu, M., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 396A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375401251

• Racial Differences in the Presentation and the Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in a Large Cohort of Patients with Cirrhosis in the United States Nguyen, L. H., Zhao, C., Nguyen, N. H., Hoang, J. K., Nguyen, M. D., Le, R. H., Nguyen, P. T., Lin, D., Vu, V. D., Yasukawa, L., Weber, S. C., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 405A?406A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375401270

• Higher Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Asian Americans (AA) with Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) compared to Non-Asians (NA), Regardless of Cirrhosis Status Le, R. H., Nguyen, N. H., Hoang, J. K., Le, A. K., Nguyen, P. T., Zhao, C., Chang, C. Y., Jin, M., Jin, M. Q., Wong, K. N., Yasukawa, L., Zhang, J. Q., Weber, S. C., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 406A?407A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375401272

• Regional and Etiological Differences in the Adherence to Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Surveillance among Patients of Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) and Cirrhosis of All Etiologies: A Meta-Analysis of 15,429 Patients from 14 Individual Studies Zhao, C., Jin, M., Le, R. H., Le, M. H., Chen, V. L., Wong, G., Wong, V. W., Lim, Y., Chuang, W., Yu, M., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 440A?441A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375401342

• Higher Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) -related Liver Cirrhosis (LC) Compared to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)-LC and Non-Viral LC Zhao, C., Nguyen, N. H., Nguyen, M. D., Hoang, J. K., Nguyen, L. H., Le, R. H., Nguyen, P. T., Vu, V. D., Lin, D., Yasukawa, L., Weber, S. C., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 440A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375401341

• Lower Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) with Antiviral Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Patients without Cirrhosis and Normal to Minimally Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Levels (< 2x upper limit of normal or ULN) Hoang, J. K., Nguyen, N. H., Yang, H., Lin, D., Vu, V. D., Chaung, K. T., Nguyen, V. G., Le, A. K., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Zhang, J. Q., Chen, C., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 972A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375403353

• Differential Serum Cytokine Profiles in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and Non-Viral Non-Autoimmune Liver Disease, with or without Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Chen, V. L., Vutien, P., Li, B., Podlaha, O., Chang, E. T., Jiang, Z., Ge, D., Gaggar, A., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 1022A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375403460

• Progression to liver cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in a large United States cohort: a natural history study Nguyen, N. H., Hoang, J. K., Le, A. K., Zhao, C., Chang, C. Y., Le, R. H., Jin, M., Kutsenko, A., Yasukawa, L., Zhang, J. Q., Weber, S. C., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 1089A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375404053

• Racial Differences in Socioeconomic Status (SES), Cirrhosis, and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC): Highest Treatment Rates in Caucasian Americans (CA), followed by Hispanic Americans (HA), African Americans (AFA) and Lowest in Asian Americans (AA) Vutien, P., Hoang, J. K., Brooks, L., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 1088A?1089A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375404052

• Low HCV Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) Patients in Pre-Protease Inhibitor (PI) and Post-PI/Pre-Direct Acting Antiviral (DAA) Eras Compared to Post-DAA Era, Especially in African Americans: Analysis of A Large Real-World Cohort of 7105 Patients Nguyen, P. T., Nguyen, N. H., Hoang, J. K., Zhao, C., Le, A. K., Chang, C. Y., Le, R. H., Nguyen, M. D., Jin, M., Weber, S. C., Yasukawa, L., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 1094A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375404063

• Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of A Diverse Cohort of Patients with Biopsy-Proven Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Yip, B., Yee, B. E., Do, A., Nguyen, N. H., Hoang, J. K., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 1303A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375404489

• Serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA Flares In Pregnant and Postpartum Women With Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Chang, C. Y., Aziz, N., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 272A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375401009

• IFN and/or RBV-Free Therapy (Rx) with Simeprevir plus Sofosbuvir (SMV plus SOF) was Well-Tolerated and Effective for Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 1 (CHC-1) Including Post-Liver Transplant (LT) and Decompensated Non-Liver Transplant (Non-LT) Patients: A Single-Center Experience Lutchman, G. A., Nguyen, N. H., Chang, C. Y., Ahmed, A., Daugherty, T., Garcia, G., Kumari, R., Kim, W., Gupta, S., Doshi, D., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 797A?798A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375402511

• Similar Tolerability and Effectiveness with SMV plus SOF Therapy in Asians and Non-Asians with Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 1 (CHC-1) but Anemia and Fatigue were Common with SOF plus RBV in Both Groups Chang, C. Y., Nguyen, N. H., Zhao, C., Lutchman, G. A., Ahmed, A., Daugherty, T., Garcia, G., Kumari, R., Kim, W., Trinh, H. N., Vu, V. D., Ku, W., Nguyen, M. T., Huynh, A., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 794A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375402504

• Differences in Presentation and Long-Term Survival of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Compared to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) or Non-Viral Etiology Chen, V. L., Kim, N. G., Le, A. K., Ladenheim, M. R., Nguyen, P., Zhao, C., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 406A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375401271

• A Single Center Experience with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): Shifts in Patient Ethnicity and HCC Etiology but No Improvement in Survival over Time Chen, V. L., Kim, N. G., Le, A. K., Ladenheim, M. R., Nguyen, P., Zhao, C., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 425A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375401311

• Antiviral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Reduces the Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Regardless of Cirrhosis Status: Analysis with Adjustment for REACH-B Risk Score Lin, D., Yang, H., Nguyen, N. H., Hoang, J. K., Kim, Y., Vu, V. D., Le, A. K., Chaung, K. T., Nguyen, V. G., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Zhang, J. Q., Hsing, A. W., Chen, C., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: 315A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000368375401092

• Tenofovir-based alternate therapies for chronic hepatitis B patients with partial virological response to entecavir. Journal of viral hepatitis Lu, L., Yip, B., Trinh, H., Pan, C. Q., Han, S. B., Wong, C. C., Li, J., Chan, S., Krishnan, G., Wong, C. C., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 22 (8): 675-681

  Abstract

  Entecavir (ETV) is a first-line antiviral therapy for treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, some patients have suboptimal response to ETV. Currently, there are limited data on how to approach these patients. Therefore, our aim was to compare the effectiveness of two alternate therapies - tenofovir (TDF) monotherapy and combination therapy of ETV+TDF - in CHB patients with ETV partial virological response. We conducted a retrospective study of 68 patients who had partial virological response to ETV, defined as having detectable HBV DNA following at least 12 months of ETV, and were switched to TDF monotherapy (n = 25) or ETV+TDF (n = 43). Patients were seen in seven US liver/community-based clinics and started on ETV between 2005 and 2009. The majority of patients were male; the vast majority were Asian and had positive hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Patients in both groups had similar pretreatment characteristics. Complete viral suppression (CVS) rates with TDF monotherapy and ETV+TDF were similar after 6 months (71% vs 83%, P = 0.23) and 12 months (86% vs 84%, P = 0.85), and there was no statistically significant difference in CVS rates even when only patients with higher HBV DNA levels at switch (>1000 IU/mL) were evaluated. Multivariate analysis indicated that ETV+TDF was not an independent predictor of CVS compared to TDF monotherapy (OR = 1.19, P = 0.63). In conclusion, TDF monotherapy and ETV+TDF are comparable in achieving CVS in CHB patients with partial virological response to ETV. Long-term alternate therapy with one pill (TDF monotherapy) vs two pills (ETV+TDF) could lead to lower nonadherence rates and better treatment outcomes.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/jvh.12368

  View details for PubMedID 25417914

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4442074

• Tenofovir monotherapy after achieving complete viral suppression on entecavir plus tenofovir combination therapy. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology Kim, L. H., Chaung, K. T., Ha, N. B., Kin, K. C., Vu, V. D., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 27 (8): 871-876

  Abstract

  It is unclear whether patients with chronic hepatitis B with partial response to entecavir (ETV) who have achieved complete viral suppression (CVS) with ETV plus tenofovir (TDF) combination therapy maintain CVS if switched to TDF or ETV. Our goal was to examine virologic outcomes in such patients.This is a retrospective cohort study of 57 ETV partial responders with chronic hepatitis B who showed CVS on ETV+TDF combination therapy, who were switched back to monotherapy with either ETV (n=16) or TDF (n=18), or continued on combination therapy (n=23). The majority of patients were Asian (91%) and male (65%), with a mean age of 41±12 years.The patients switched back to ETV had significantly higher rates of virologic breakthrough by 6 months after the switch compared with their TDF counterparts (88 vs. 39%, P=0.004). Patients who remained on ETV+TDF also had virologic breakthrough, due to either confirmed or suspected nonadherence. On multivariate analysis inclusive of age, sex, and hepatitis B virus DNA levels at initiation of combination therapy, ETV (compared with TDF) was found to be an independent predictor for virologic breakthrough (odds ratio 112.7, P=0.03), as well as duration of CVS of less than 12 months while on ETV+TDF (odds ratio 60.2, P=0.03).TDF monotherapy, especially in those who have had CVS for at least 12 months on combination therapy, may be considered for some ETV partial responders who have achieved CVS with combination therapy, given the financial advantage and convenience of monotherapy.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000368

  View details for PubMedID 25919771

• Sustained virologic response to standard interferon or pegylated interferon and ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 5: systematic review and meta-analysis of ten studies and 423 patients HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL Devaki, P., Jencks, D., Yee, B. E., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 9 (3): 431-437

  Abstract

  Interferon (IFN)-free therapy has vastly improved therapeutic options for those with hepatitis C virus infection (HCV). However, the lack of data and the expense limit its use for lesser known genotypes such as HCV-5, especially in countries with financial limitations. Previous reports estimate sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in HCV-5 to be ~40-70 %.Our goal was to estimate pooled SVR rates for HCV-5 treatment-naïve patients treated with IFN or peginterferon (PEG IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy for 48 weeks.We conducted a literature search to identify articles with HCV-5 patients treated with IFN/PEG IFN + RBV. Pooled SVR rates were reported by random effects modeling with 95 % confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was defined by the Cochrane Q-statistic p ? 0.05 and I (2) statistic ?50 %.A total of 423 patients from ten studies were included in the analysis. The pooled SVR rate for HCV-5 patients treated with IFN/PEG IFN + RBV for 48 weeks was 58.0 % (CI 53.1 %-62.7 %). There was no evidence of heterogeneity (I (2) = 0, p = 0.61) or publication bias (Egger's test = 0.26). Pooled analysis of HCV-5 patients treated with PEG IFN + RBV was 55.0 % (CI 49.4-61.5 %). There was no evidence of heterogeneity (I (2) = 0.00, p = 0.75) or publication bias (Egger's test = 0.71). Combination therapy with IFN/PEG IFN + RBV had a pooled EVR of 90.2 % (CI 76.8-96.2 %).SVR for HCV-5 treated with combination therapy (IFN/PEG-IFN + RBV for 48 weeks) was approximately 60 %. Current data are insufficient to evaluate variable duration of treatment (24 vs. 48 weeks), presence or absence of cirrhosis, effects of high versus low viral loads, or degree of fibrosis. The optimal treatment duration for HCV-5 patients with IFN-based combination remains to be established. Data and drug access are needed for treatment for HCV-5 in more resource-limited areas.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s12072-015-9635-z

  View details for Web of Science ID 000356507300015

  View details for PubMedID 26016464

• Efficacy and effectiveness of anti-HBV therapy with early withdrawal of HBIG prophylaxis to prevent HBV recurrence following liver transplantation EXPERT OPINION ON BIOLOGICAL THERAPY Ku, W., Wang, U., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 15 (5): 665-677

  Abstract

  The traditional regimen for prophylaxis of hepatitis B recurrence post-liver transplantation is to use hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) along with oral antiviral therapy; however, it is unclear when it is safe to discontinue HBIG after certain time point and to maintain patients with only oral antiviral therapy. Several studies have suggested that maintenance with oral anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapy following short-term or no HBIG following the immediate post-transplantation period may also be safe and effective in prevention of HBV recurrence.We reviewed relevant literature to determine the effectiveness of early withdrawal of HBIG after liver transplantation and its effect on prevention of HBV recurrence. We used PubMed to search for any studies that used HBIG-free or short-term HBIG protocols with continued anti-HBV therapy. Short-term is defined as 12 months or less, and it is an evolving concept as new data on shorter and shorter duration becomes available. Additionally, a mini-quantitative analysis of the studies was performed using studies that involved the use of entecavir and tenofovir as anti-HBV therapy with or without HBIG.Patients who are considered low risk for HBV recurrence at the time of liver transplant may safely be able to utilize a short-term duration of HBIG with indefinite antiviral maintenance therapy afterwards, whereas high-risk patients will likely need long-term HBIG in combination with antiviral therapy.

  View details for DOI 10.1517/14712598.2015.1025045

  View details for Web of Science ID 000352703300007

  View details for PubMedID 25865452

• Chrome-Colonoscopy (CC), in a Single Operator Community Practice, Significantly Increases Polyp Detection Rate: a Call for Wider Adoption. Balaa, M. A., Al-Manaseer, F., Lin, O. N., Vinh Vu, Syriani, L., Nguyen, M. H. MOSBY-ELSEVIER. 2015: AB209?AB210

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gie.2015.03.196

  View details for Web of Science ID 000380763600235

• Poor Sustained Virological Response in a Multicenter Real-Life Cohort of Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Treated with Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin plus Telaprevir or Boceprevir DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES Vo, K. P., Vutien, P., Akiyama, M. J., Vu, V. D., Ha, N. B., Piotrowski, J. I., Wantuck, J., Roytman, M. M., Tsai, N., Cheung, R., Li, J., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 60 (4): 1045-1051

  Abstract

  There are limited data analyzing the effectiveness of boceprevir (BOC) or telaprevir (TVR) in combination with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) in a real-life patient cohort.In clinical trials, patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treated with BOC or TVR plus PEG-IFN and RBV achieved sustained virological response (SVR) rates of 70 %. However, it is not clear whether similar results can be realized in routine practice. Our goal is to examine SVR rates of these triple regimens for CHC in a multicenter real-life patient cohort.We retrospectively studied 200 consecutive CHC genotype 1 patients who were initiated on PEG-IFN, RBV, and either TVR (n = 113) or BOC (n = 87) from July 2011 to February 2014 at two US academic liver clinics, a Veterans Affairs liver clinic and a community gastroenterology clinic.Both BOC and TVR treatment groups were similar in regard to comorbidities, BMI, and HCV RNA levels. BOC patients were more likely to have cirrhosis than TVR patients (47 vs. 24 %, P = 0.001). SVR rates were low in both cohorts (40 % for BOC, 53 % for TVR, P = 0.05). On multivariate logistic regression, treatment adherence by the "80/80/80 rule," diagnosis of cirrhosis, and use of erythropoietin were statistically significant predictors for SVR. Of these, treatment adherence was the strongest predictor (OR 4.43, 95 % CI 2.8-6.06, P < 0.001).SVR was much lower in a real-life patient cohort than in clinical trials (53 % for TVR and 40 % for BOC, compared to 66-75 % in clinical trials).

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-015-3621-0

  View details for Web of Science ID 000354464900038

  View details for PubMedID 25821099

• LOWER RISK OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS TREATED WITH ENTECAVIR: A REACH-B ANALYSIS OF THE ENUMERATE STUDY Ahn, J., Nguyen, M., Lee, H., Lim, J., Pan, C., Te, H., Tran, T., Trinh, H. N., Lau, D., Chu, D., Min, A., Leduc, T., Pillai, A., Bae, H., Do, S., Mannalithara, A., Lok, A. S., Kim, W. R., ENUMERATE Investigators Asian Hlth ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2015: S562

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(15)30851-5

  View details for Web of Science ID 000362830600363

• DIAGNOSIS BY SCREENING RATHER THAN SYMPTOMS IN HBV-RELATED HCC IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED OUTCOMES, REGARDLESS OF CIRRHOSIS STATUS BUT SCREENING HISTORY WAS ONLY PRESENT IN ONE-HALF OF CIRRHOSIS AND ONE-THIRD OF NONCIRRHOSIS CASES Chen, V. L., Kim, L., Nguyen, P., Zhao, C., Nguyen, M. H. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2015: S548

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(15)30820-5

  View details for Web of Science ID 000362830600332

• GENDER DIFFERENCES IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) SURVEILLANCE ADHERENCE PATTERNS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) IN A MULTICENTER ACADEMIC AND COMMUNITY COHORT STUDY Nguyen, L., Wang, C., Hoang, J., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Zhang, J. Q., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2015: S535

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(15)30790-X

  View details for Web of Science ID 000362830600301

• OUTCOMES OF 12-WEEK THERAPY WITH SIMEPREVIR plus SOFOSBUVIR plus /- RIBAVIRIN (SMV plus SOF +/- RBV): A META-ANALYSIS OF 7 STUDIES AND 715 HCV GENOTYPE 1 (HCV-1) PATIENTS Yee, B. E., Nguyen, N. H., Lutchman, G. A., Lim, J. K., Nguyen, M. H. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2015: S668?S669

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(15)31076-X

  View details for Web of Science ID 000362830900069

• META-ANALYSIS: SVR12 WITH SIMEPREVIR AND SOFOSBUVIR (SMV+SOF) FOR 12 WEEKS IN 225 LIVER TRANSPLANT (LT) RECIPIENTS WITH HCV GENOTYPE 1 (HCV-1) Nguyen, N. H., Yee, B. E., Lutchman, G. A., Lim, J. K., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2015: S314

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(15)30265-8

  View details for Web of Science ID 000361967600264

• Fixed-dose combination of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy Kumari, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 16 (5): 739-748

  Abstract

  Introduction: The recent October 2014 approval of the fixed dose combination (FDC) of the NS5B polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir (SOF) and the NS5A inhibitor ledipasvir (LDV) for the treatment of treatment-naive and -experienced HCV genotype 1a/1b (HCV-1) has marked a new era of IFN and ribavirin free treatment for chronic hepatitis C. SOF/LDV combination is approved for 12 weeks in treatment-naive patients with and without cirrhosis. For treatment-experienced patients, it is approved for 12 weeks in patients without cirrhosis but for 24 weeks in patients with cirrhosis. A shorter 8-week course of treatment can be considered for treatment-naive patients who have pretreatment HCV RNA of < 6 million IU/ml and do not have cirrhosis. Areas covered: The purpose of this synopsis is to review the pharmacotherapy and results of pivotal clinical trials for SOF/LDV as the current standard-of-care for HCV-1 patients. We also briefly discuss emerging data with SOF/LDV for certain special populations. Preliminary data is also emerging for HCV genotypes non-1, but their discussion is beyond the scope of this synopsis. The review was done based on data from Phase I, II and III published studies as well as data presented at major national and international meetings. Expert opinion: The FDC of LDV (90 mg) and SOF (400 mg) has a sustained virologic response of approximately 96% when given as a once-a-day pill for 3 months to both treatment-naive and -experienced HCV-1 patients with the exception of prior null responders with cirrhosis. The latter group of patients also achieves high sustained virologic response of 95% but with therapy for 24 weeks. In addition, emerging data suggest that this FDC regimen may be effective in the treatment of HCV-1 co-infected patients with HIV, HCV-1 and -4, patients with cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation and those with post-liver transplant HCV recurrence.

  View details for DOI 10.1517/14656566.2015.1013938

  View details for PubMedID 25676581

• Chronic Hepatitis B Treatment Eligibility and Actual Treatment Rates in Patients in Community Gastroenterology and Primary Care Settings JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY Nguyen, V. G., Wan, K., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Zhang, J. Q., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 49 (2): 145-149

  Abstract

  This study aims to compare the eligibility and treatment rates of patients evaluated by gastroenterology [gastrointestinal (GI)] specialists for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and patients followed by their primary care physicians (PCPs) only.Guidelines have been devised to direct the care of patients with CHB but data on the application of these guidelines, especially in primary care settings, has been limited to date.Consecutive CHB patients were enrolled retrospectively from several community clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area: 2 GI referral clinics, 3 primary care clinics, and a multispecialty medical center. Patients were classified as group 1 if they saw a gastroenterologist for CHB within 6 months of presentation or as group 2 if they only saw PCPs. Eligibility according to AASLD 2009 and US Panel 2008 guidelines was determined using clinical and laboratory data available within 6 months of presentation.Patients in group 2 had lower eligibility rates according to both US Panel 2008 (32% vs. 51%, P<0.001) and AASLD 2009 (8% vs. 24%, P<0.001) guidelines. GI specialists treated US Panel-eligible patients more readily than PCPs (45% vs. 25%, P<0.001), and treatment rates in AASLD-eligible patients suggested a similar trend (68% vs. 50%, P=0.080).GI specialists were more likely than PCPs to see patients who were treatment eligible, and also more likely to initiate antiviral therapy. However, there are still a considerable number of patients from both settings who did not receive treatment despite being eligible.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000347720300012

  View details for PubMedID 25014233

• Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Poorer Overall Survival in Patients Undergoing Left-sided Compared With Right-sided Partial Hepatectomy. Journal of clinical gastroenterology Valenzuela, A., Ha, N. B., Gallo, A., Bonham, C., Ahmed, A., Melcher, M., Kim, L. H., Esquivel, C., Concepcion, W., Ayoub, W. S., Lutchman, G. A., Daugherty, T., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 49 (2): 158-164

  Abstract

  We aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after partial hepatectomy.Liver transplantation is the preferred treatment for selected patients with HCC, but access to donor organs is limited. Partial hepatectomy is another accepted treatment option; however, postoperative recurrence is frequently observed.This is a retrospective cohort study of 107 consecutive patients who underwent partial hepatectomy for HCC between January 1993 and February 2011 at a US University Medical Center. Study endpoints were recurrent HCC, death, loss to follow-up, or last visit without HCC.The study cohort was 78% male with a median age of 61 years and 59% Asians. A total of 50 patients developed recurrent HCC (46.7%) after a median follow-up of 12 (1 to 69) months postresection. Recurrent HCC was significantly higher in patients with left-sided resection (41% at year 1, 54% at year 2, 62% at year 3, 81% at year 4, and 90% at year 5) compared with right-sided resection (18% at year 1, 34% at year 2, 36% at year 3, 44% at year 4, and 72% at year 5). In multivariate Cox proportional hazards model also inclusive of anatomic resection and TNM stage 3/4, left-sided resection was significantly associated with increased HCC recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.13; P=0.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-4.2) compared with right-sided resection.HCC recurrence rate is higher among those undergoing left-sided resection: 54% at year 2 and 81% at year 4. Liver transplantation should be considered in patients who are at high risk for recurrence.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000144

  View details for PubMedID 24804988

• Meta-Analysis: Superior Treatment Response in Asian Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 6 versus Genotype 1 with Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin INTERVIROLOGY Nguyen, N. H., McCormack, S. A., Vutien, P., Yee, B. E., Devaki, P., Jencks, D., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 58 (1): 27-34

  Abstract

  Our goal was to systematically and quantitatively assess treatment response between Asian patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 6 (HCV-6) and hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV-1) treated for 48 weeks with pegylated interferon and ribavirin.We performed a literature search in MEDLINE and EMBASE for 'genotype 6' in August 2013. Additional abstracts from major international scientific conferences from 2012 to 2013 were reviewed. Studies included were original articles with ?10 treatment-naïve Asian HCV-6 patients. Exclusion criteria were coinfections with hepatitis B virus, HIV and/or other liver diseases. Heterogeneity was defined as a Cochrane Q test with a p value of 0.10 and an I(2) statistic of >50%. RESULTS of a random-effects model are reported.A total of 1,046 (503 HCV-6; 543 HCV-1) patients from 12 studies were included in the analysis. The pooled sustained virologic response (SVR) rate was 80.2% (95% CI 74.3-85.0, Q statistic = 20.87, p < 0.035; I(2) = 47.3%) for HCV-6 and 62.5% (95% CI 41.9-79.4, Q statistic = 52.41, p < 0.001; I(2) = 92.37) for HCV-1 patients. HCV-6 patients had a significantly higher SVR rate compared to HCV-1 patients (odds ratio 2.73, 95% CI 1.69-4.41, p < 0.001). Approximately one fourth of patients without early virologic response (EVR) achieved SVR, regardless of genotype (HCV-1, n = 6/23; HCV-6, n = 4/21).Asian patients with HCV-6 can expect higher SVR rates (?80%) than HCV-1 patients (?63%). EVR as a stopping rule is less clear in Asian patients with HCV-6 and HCV-1.

  View details for DOI 10.1159/000369097

  View details for Web of Science ID 000350267400005

  View details for PubMedID 25592813

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4351719

• Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir for HCV Genotype 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 Infection. The New England journal of medicine Feld, J. J., Jacobson, I. M., Hézode, C., Asselah, T., Ruane, P. J., Gruener, N., Abergel, A., Mangia, A., Lai, C. L., Chan, H. L., Mazzotta, F., Moreno, C., Yoshida, E., Shafran, S. D., Towner, W. J., Tran, T. T., McNally, J., Osinusi, A., Svarovskaia, E., Zhu, Y., Brainard, D. M., McHutchison, J. G., Agarwal, K., Zeuzem, S. 2015; 373 (27): 2599?2607

  Abstract

  A simple treatment regimen that is effective in a broad range of patients who are chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains an unmet medical need.We conducted a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving untreated and previously treated patients with chronic HCV genotype 1, 2, 4, 5, or 6 infection, including those with compensated cirrhosis. Patients with HCV genotype 1, 2, 4, or 6 were randomly assigned in a 5:1 ratio to receive the nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir and the NS5A inhibitor velpatasvir in a once-daily, fixed-dose combination tablet or matching placebo for 12 weeks. Because of the low prevalence of genotype 5 in the study regions, patients with genotype 5 did not undergo randomization but were assigned to the sofosbuvir-velpatasvir group. The primary end point was a sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of therapy.Of the 624 patients who received treatment with sofosbuvir-velpatasvir, 34% had HCV genotype 1a, 19% genotype 1b, 17% genotype 2, 19% genotype 4, 6% genotype 5, and 7% genotype 6. A total of 8% of patients were black, 19% had cirrhosis, and 32% had been previously treated for HCV. The rate of sustained virologic response among patients receiving sofosbuvir-velpatasvir was 99% (95% confidence interval, 98 to >99). Two patients receiving sofosbuvir-velpatasvir, both with HCV genotype 1, had a virologic relapse. None of the 116 patients receiving placebo had a sustained virologic response. Serious adverse events were reported in 15 patients (2%) in the sofosbuvir-velpatasvir group and none in the placebo group.Once-daily sofosbuvir-velpatasvir for 12 weeks provided high rates of sustained virologic response among both previously treated and untreated patients infected with HCV genotype 1, 2, 4, 5, or 6, including those with compensated cirrhosis. (Funded by Gilead Sciences; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02201940.).

  View details for DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1512610

  View details for PubMedID 26571066

• Treatment of Acute Hepatitis C Infection with Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin in Patients Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis INTERVIROLOGY Zhang, B., Nguyen, N. H., Yee, B. E., Yip, B., Ayoub, W. S., Lutchman, G. A., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 58 (4): 242-249

  Abstract

  Of the 35 million human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients worldwide, 10-40% are coinfected with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). Compared to HCV-monoinfected patients, those coinfected experience decreased spontaneous HCV clearance, accelerated liver fibrosis, and a decreased response to anti-HCV therapy. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the efficacy of treating acute HCV in HIV-positive patients with peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy.Two authors independently searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (2014) for English articles, and reviewed bibliographies and abstracts from major liver and HIV conferences (2011-2013). Original studies featuring at least 10 treatment-naive, HIV-positive adults infected with acute HCV and treated with peginterferon and ribavirin were included. Analyses were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q test (p < 0.05) and the I2 statistic (>50%).From 12 studies (450 patients), the pooled sustained virological response (SVR) was 71.4% (95% CI 64.7-77.4; Q statistic = 22.20, p = 0.023, I2 = 50.44). The rapid virological response (RVR; 7 studies, 196 patients) was 47.4% (95% CI 40.6-54.7), and the early virological response (EVR; 9 studies, 283 patients) was 82.8% (95% CI 67.0-92.0). The probability of an SVR was 93.1% (95% CI 84.9-97.0) in those who obtained an RVR (6 studies, 82 patients) and 85.9% (95% CI 78.7-91.0) if an EVR (7 studies, 168 patients) was reached.Peginterferon with ribavirin is an effective option for treating acute HCV in HIV-positive patients, especially if they achieve an RVR or an EVR.

  View details for DOI 10.1159/000437427

  View details for Web of Science ID 000365145100006

  View details for PubMedID 26402746

• Sustained virological response and its treatment predictors in hepatitis C virus genotype 4 compared to genotypes 1, 2, and 3: a meta-analysis. BMJ open gastroenterology Yee, B. E., Nguyen, N. H., Zhang, B., Lin, D., Vutien, P., Wong, C. R., Lutchman, G. A., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 2 (1)

  Abstract

  Pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG-IFN+RBV) may be more cost-effective than direct-acting antivirals in resource-limited settings. Current literature suggests sustained virological response (SVR) in hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (HCV-4) is similar to genotype 1 (HCV-1), but worse than 2 and 3 (HCV-2/3). However, few studies have compared treatment response between these groups and these have been limited by small sample sizes with heterogeneous designs. We performed a meta-analysis of SVR predictors in HCV-4 versus HCV-1, 2, and 3 patients treated with PEG-IFN+RBV.In November 2013, we searched for 'genotype 4' in MEDLINE/EMBASE databases and scientific conferences. We included original articles with ?25 treatment-naïve HCV-4 and comparisons to HCV-1, 2, and/or 3 patients treated with PEG-IFN+RBV. Random effects modelling was used with heterogeneity defined by Cochrane Q-test (p value<0.10) and I(2) statistic (>50%).Five studies with 20?014 patients (899 HCV-4; 12?033 HCV-1; and 7082 HCV-2/3 patients) were included. SVR was 53% (CI 43% to 62%) for HCV-4, 44% (CI 40% to 47%) for HCV-1; and 73% (CI 58% to 84%) for HCV-2/3. SVR with EVR (early virological response) was 75% (CI 61% to 86%) in HCV-4; 64% (CI 46% to 79%) in HCV-1; and 85% (CI 71% to 93%) in HCV-2/3. SVR without EVR was 10% (CI 6% to 17%) for HCV-4; 13% (CI 12% to 15%) for HCV-1; and 23% (CI 16% to 33%) for HCV-2/3.SVR rates are similar in HCV-4 (?50%) and HCV-1 (?40%). Lack of EVR is a good stopping rule for HCV-4 and HCV-1 since only 10% subsequently achieve SVR. In HCV-4 patients with EVR, three-quarters can expect to achieve SVR with PEG-IFN+RBV.

  View details for DOI 10.1136/bmjgast-2015-000049

  View details for PubMedID 26462288

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4599167

• Current Treatment Options in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 6 Gastroenterol Clin N Am Nguyen, N. H., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 44: 871-881

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gtc.2015.07.010

• Long-term follow-up and suboptimal treatment rates of treatment-eligible chronic hepatitis B patients in diverse practice settings: a gap in linkage to care. BMJ open gastroenterology Vu, V. D., Do, A., Nguyen, N. H., Kim, L. H., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Nguyen, M., Huynh, A., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 2 (1)

  Abstract

  Despite available effective therapies, only a minority of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receive treatment. Our goal is to study treatment rates and time to treatment initiation in patients who meet treatment criteria on long-term follow-up.We performed a retrospective cohort study of 608 consecutive treatment-eligible patients with CHB (by 2008 US Panel or 2009 American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) criteria) at a US community gastroenterology clinic and a university liver clinic between 2007 and 2011. Patients were observed until they started treatment or last follow-up if untreated.Mean age was 44 and most were Asian (96%) with community patients being younger and having lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. A total of 62% started treatment, and 38% remained untreated after median follow-up of 17?months (IQR=1-40?months). Overall, treatment rate was significantly higher at university liver clinic than in the community (66.7% vs 59.9%, p=0.01). In multivariate analysis, older age (HR 1.02, p=0.002), male gender (HR 1.37, p=0.02), and baseline ALT >45?U/L for males and >29?U/L for females (HR 2.24, p<0.0001) were significant predictors of treatment initiation, but not practice setting.Approximately 40% of treatment-eligible patients still have not started treatment on longer follow-up. Treatment rates were higher at university clinics, but practice setting was not a predictor for treatment, but older age, male gender, and higher ALT levels were. Further studies are needed to determine the barriers for treatment initiation and to improve treatment rates in treatment-eligible patients.

  View details for DOI 10.1136/bmjgast-2015-000060

  View details for PubMedID 26543565

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4620589

• Safety and efficacy of entecavir in adefovir-experienced patients JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY Nguyen, N. H., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, T. T., Do, S. T., Tran, P., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Garcia, R. T., Lutchman, G. A., Nguyen, M. H. 2015; 30 (1): 43-50

  Abstract

  Suboptimal viral suppression with adefovir (ADV) poses a challenge in managing chronic hepatitis B. Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of entecavir (ETV) in ADV-experienced patients. Our aim is to assess treatment effectiveness of ETV in ADV-experienced patients.ADV-experienced patients switched to ETV were enrolled from six US clinics. Patients completed a median of 24 months of ETV after switch. Patients were categorized into partial responders (detectable HBV-DNA at switch) or complete responders (undetectable HBV-DNA at switch) to ADV. Primary and secondary outcome measurements were complete viral suppression (CVS, HBV-DNA?

  View details for DOI 10.1111/jgh.12728

  View details for Web of Science ID 000346783900010

  View details for PubMedID 25168842

• The genetic diversity and evolutionary history of hepatitis C virus in Vietnam VIROLOGY Li, C., Yuan, M., Lu, L., Lu, T., Xia, W., Pham, V. H., Vo, A. X., Nguyen, M. H., Abe, K. 2014; 468: 197-206

  Abstract

  Vietnam has a unique history in association with foreign countries, which may have resulted in multiple introductions of the alien HCV strains to mix with those indigenous ones. In this study, we characterized the HCV sequences in Core-E1 and NS5B regions from 236 Vietnamese individuals. We identified multiple HCV lineages; 6a, 6e, 6h, 6k, 6l, 6o, 6p, and two novel variants may represent the indigenous strains; 1a was probably introduced from the US; 1b and 2a possibly originated in East Asia; while 2i, 2j, and 2m were likely brought by French explorers. We inferred the evolutionary history for four major subtypes: 1a, 1b, 6a, and 6e. The obtained Bayesian Skyline Plots (BSPs) consistently showed the rapid HCV population growth from 1955 to 1963 until 1984 or after, corresponding to the era of the Vietnam War. We also estimated HCV growth rates and reconstructed phylogeographic trees for comparing subtypes 1a, 1b, and HCV-2.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.026

  View details for Web of Science ID 000344434400023

• Meta-analysis: influence of host and viral factors in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology Yee, B. E., Nguyen, N. H., Zhang, B., Vutien, P., Wong, C. R., Lutchman, G. A., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 26 (11): 1189-1201

  Abstract

  The burden of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (HCV-4) is high in Africa and East Mediterranean countries. Previous reports estimate sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in HCV-4 to be ?20-70%. However, many of these studies are limited by different study designs and small sample sizes. Our aim was to evaluate treatment outcome and host/viral factors on SVR in HCV-4 patients treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG IFN+RBV) in a systematic and quantitative manner. A comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE and EMBASE for 'genotype 4' was conducted in November 2013. Abstracts from American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, Asian Pacific Study of the Liver, Digestive Disease Week, and European Association for the Study of the Liver in 2012/2013 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were original studies with at least 25 treatment-naive HCV-4 patients treated with PEG IFN+RBV. Exclusion criteria were coinfection with HIV, hepatitis B virus, or other genotypes. Effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was determined by Cochrane Q-test (P<0.05) and I statistic (>50%). We included 51 studies (11?102 HCV-4 patients) in the primary analysis. Pooled SVR was 53% [95% confidence interval (CI): 50-55%] (Q-statistic=269.20, P<0.05; I=81.43). On subgroup analyses, SVR was significantly associated with lower viral load, odds ratio (OR) 3.05 (CI: 1.80-5.17, P<0.001); mild fibrosis, OR 3.17 (CI: 2.19-4.59, P<0.001); and favorable IL28B polymorphisms, rs12979860 CC versus CT/TT, OR 4.70 (CI: 2.87-7.69, P<0.001), and rs8099917 TT versus GT/GG, OR 5.21 (CI: 2.31-11.73, P<0.001). HCV-4 patients treated with PEG IFN+RBV may expect SVR rates of ?50%. Lower viral load, mild fibrosis, and favorable IL28B (rs12979860 CC and rs8099917 TT) are positively associated with SVR.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000147

  View details for PubMedID 25171028

• Current treatment guidelines for chronic hepatitis B and their applications. Journal of clinical gastroenterology Uribe, L. A., O'Brien, C. G., Wong, R. J., Gish, R. R., Tsai, N., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 48 (9): 773-783

  Abstract

  Treatment practices for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) varies across the world and several professional associations have issued treatment recommendations. This synopsis aims to review the major principles of CHB and its management, and to systematically summarize and compare the recommendations of the major treatment guidelines by: the Asian-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver, the US Panel, the European Association for the Study of the Liver, and the American Association for the Study of the Liver.Treatment recommendations were summarized separately for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and HBeAg-negative patients.Treatment for CHB is recommended on the basis of a variety of host and viral factors, and the ultimate goal of treatment is the prevention of decompensated liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, and premature death. Despite updates and improvements in these guidelines during the past decade, greater patient and physician education as well as better noninvasive markers to identify high-risk patients are still needed. Significant improvements in the application of current practice guidelines, however, can be made by relatively simple educational efforts, and new molecular and genomic techniques may hold promise for more accurate selection of high-risk patients for further therapeutic interventions in a near future.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000130

  View details for PubMedID 24859715

• Retreatment of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 4 (HCV-4) Infection With Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin (P/R): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Zhang, B., Yee, B., Nguyen, N., Yip, B., Ayoub, W., Nguyen, M., Lutchman, G. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2014: S185

  View details for Web of Science ID 000344383100631

• Meta-analysis of patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 6: 48 weeks with pegylated interferon and ribavirin is superior to 24 weeks. Hepatology international Nguyen, N. H., McCormack, S. A., Yee, B. E., Devaki, P., Jencks, D., Chao, D. T., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 8 (4): 540-549

  Abstract

  Hepatitis C virus genotype 6 (HCV-6) is common in patients from Southeast Asia and the surrounding regions. Optimal treatment duration for HCV-6 is unknown given the inconclusive evidence from studies with varying methodologies and small sample sizes.A literature search for 'genotype 6' in MEDLINE and EMBASE in October 2013 produced 161 and 251 articles, respectively. Additional abstracts were identified from four major international GI/liver conferences in 2012/2013. Inclusion criteria were original studies with ?10 HCV-6 treatment-naïve patients treated with pegylated interferon + ribavirin (PEG IFN+RBV). Exclusion criteria were coinfections with HBV, HIV, other HCV genotypes, and/or other liver diseases. Primary outcome was pooled sustained virologic response (SVR). Heterogeneity was defined by Cochrane Q test (p value of 0.10) and I (2) statistic (?50 %).A total of 13 studies with 641 patients were included. The pooled SVR estimate was 77 % (CI 70-83 %) (Q value = 38.4, p value <0.001, I (2) = 68.7 %) overall, 79 % (CI 73-84 %) for the 48-week group and 59 % (CI 46-70 %) for 24-week group, respectively. In studies with direct comparison of the two groups, SVR was superior in patients treated for 48 versus 24 weeks, OR 1.9 (CI 1.08-3.2, p = 0.026). In studies with direct comparison of patients with rapid virologic response (RVR), there was no difference in SVR between 48 versus 24 weeks, OR 1.74 (CI 0.65-4.64, p = 0.27).Hepatitis C virus genotype 6 patients should be treated for 48 weeks, and those who achieve RVR may receive the shorter 24-week treatment duration. The high SVR (~80 %) with 48 weeks of PEG IFN+RBV therapy may be a cost-effective option for HCV-6 patients from resource-poor regions.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s12072-014-9570-4

  View details for PubMedID 26202759

• Low Treatment Rates in Patients Meeting Guideline Criteria in Diverse Practice Settings DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES Kim, L. H., Nguyen, V. G., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Zhang, J. Q., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 59 (9): 2091-2099

  Abstract

  Data on usage of antiviral therapy and application of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) management guidelines in different settings are limited. Our goal is to evaluate the proportion of treatment-eligible patients by 6-month follow-up and treatment rate among eligible patients by 12-month follow-up in diverse settings.In this retrospective cohort study, 1,976 treatment-naïve CHB patients were categorized as primary care physician (PCP) group if seen by community PCP (n = 329), gastroenterology (GI) group if seen by community gastroenterologists (n = 1,268), and hepatology group if seen by university hepatologists (n = 379). Treatment eligibility was based on the US Panel 2008 and American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) 2009 guidelines.All groups had similar age, gender, and ethnic distribution. GI and hepatology groups had similar treatment eligibility rates by US Panel (53-54 %) and AASLD guidelines (24-25 %). However, treatment rate was significantly higher in hepatology compared to GI group by the US Panel guideline (59 vs. 45 %, P = 0.001). PCP group had the lowest eligibility and treatment rates by both guidelines. Common reasons for non-treatment were perceived "normal" alanine aminotransferase, desire for further observation, and patient refusal. Male gender, age >50, and subspecialty care predicted treatment initiation in treatment-eligible patients.Less than half of treatment-eligible patients at primary care clinics received treatment. Community gastroenterology and university liver clinics treated about one-half to two-thirds of eligible patients. Patient and provider education should highlight treatment benefits and the new alanine aminotransferase upper limit of normal.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-014-3283-3

  View details for Web of Science ID 000342088300032

  View details for PubMedID 25060778

• Increased Long-term Survival Among Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Implementation of Model for End-stage Liver Disease Score CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY Wong, R. J., Devaki, P., Long Nguyen, L., Cheung, R., Cho-Phan, C., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 12 (9): 1534-U323

  Abstract

  Assignment of model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) exception points to patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who fall within Milan criteria, which began in 2003, increases their priority on liver transplantation waitlists. However, little is known about how this change affected survival of all patients with HCC (transplant eligible and ineligible). We compared long-term survival of HCC patients before and after this change.We performed a large population-based cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry to investigate survival times of patients with HCC before those who met the Milan criteria were given MELD exception points (1998-2003) and afterward (2004-2010), using Kaplan Meier methods. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models evaluated independent predictors of survival.During 2004-2010, a significantly higher percentage of patients with HCC survived for 5 years compared to 1998-2003 (21.9% vs 13.0%, P<.001). This difference remained significant among all treatment groups (no therapy: 15.2% vs 10.2%, P<0.001; local tumor destruction: 37.6% vs 22.1%, P<0.001; resection: 55.5% vs 39.2%, P<0.001; transplantation: 77.2% vs 73.1%, P =0.12). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, inclusive of sex, age, ethnicity, Milan criteria, number and stage of tumor, and time period, showed increased survival of patients during 2004-2010 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.91; P<.001). Compared to non-Hispanic whites, Asians (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.77-0.86; P<.001) and Hispanics (HR, 0.89, 95% CI, 0.84-0.95; P<.001) had longer survival times, whereas blacks had a trend toward shorter survival times (HR, 1.05; 95% CI 0.98-1.13; P=.16).Patients with HCC who met Milan criteria had significantly longer survival times after implementation of the MELD exception points, regardless of sex or ethnicity. Blacks continued to have the lowest rates of 5 year survival.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.12.008

  View details for Web of Science ID 000341127900024

• Increased Long-term Survival Among Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Implementation of Model for End-stage Liver Disease Score. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology Wong, R. J., Devaki, P., Nguyen, L., Cheung, R., Cho-Phan, C., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 12 (9): 1534-1540 e1

  Abstract

  Assignment of model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) exception points to patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who fall within Milan criteria, which began in 2003, increases their priority on liver transplantation waitlists. However, little is known about how this change affected survival of all patients with HCC (transplant eligible and ineligible). We compared long-term survival of HCC patients before and after this change.We performed a large population-based cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry to investigate survival times of patients with HCC before those who met the Milan criteria were given MELD exception points (1998-2003) and afterward (2004-2010), using Kaplan Meier methods. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models evaluated independent predictors of survival.During 2004-2010, a significantly higher percentage of patients with HCC survived for 5 years compared to 1998-2003 (21.9% vs 13.0%, P<.001). This difference remained significant among all treatment groups (no therapy: 15.2% vs 10.2%, P<0.001; local tumor destruction: 37.6% vs 22.1%, P<0.001; resection: 55.5% vs 39.2%, P<0.001; transplantation: 77.2% vs 73.1%, P =0.12). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, inclusive of sex, age, ethnicity, Milan criteria, number and stage of tumor, and time period, showed increased survival of patients during 2004-2010 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.91; P<.001). Compared to non-Hispanic whites, Asians (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.77-0.86; P<.001) and Hispanics (HR, 0.89, 95% CI, 0.84-0.95; P<.001) had longer survival times, whereas blacks had a trend toward shorter survival times (HR, 1.05; 95% CI 0.98-1.13; P=.16).Patients with HCC who met Milan criteria had significantly longer survival times after implementation of the MELD exception points, regardless of sex or ethnicity. Blacks continued to have the lowest rates of 5 year survival.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.12.008

  View details for PubMedID 24361414

• Histologic Changes in Liver Tissue From Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B and Minimal Increases in Levels of Alanine Aminotransferase: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY Nguyen, L. H., Chao, D., Lim, J. K., Ayoub, W., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 12 (8): 1262-1266

  Abstract

  Level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a marker of hepatitis B severity and response to treatment. However, measurements ALT level may be of limited utility during the immune clearance phase of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and can be affected by age, weight, and concomitant liver disease. We performed a literature review to determine the proportion of CHB patients with levels of ALT 1-2-fold the upper limit of normal who also had significant underlying liver fibrosis (stage ? 2).We performed Medline search of original manuscripts published before June 2012, their references; we also searched abstracts from the 2010 and 2011 Annual Meetings of the AASLD and 2011 and 2012 Digestive Disease Weeks. Studies were included that had ?20 consecutive treatment-naïve CHB patients with ?6 months follow up, histologic data, and levels of ALT 1-2-fold the upper limit of normal. Study heterogeneity was assessed by Forest plot and Q and I2 analyses. Sensitivity was measured using 1-study removed analysis.Our analysis included 8 manuscripts and 1 abstract, comprising 683 patients. Based on random-effects modeling, 48% of patients had stage ? 2 fibrosis (95% confidence interval, 36%-61%). Upon sensitivity analysis, exclusion of the study that caused the greatest deflection of the pooled estimate produced a revised estimate of 43%. A subgroup of hepatitis B e-antigen-positive and -negative patients (n=168 and 170, respectively) revealed similar rates of fibrosis (41% vs 47%, P=non-significant).Despite heterogeneity in the literature, a substantial proportion of patients with slight increases in level of ALT have significant fibrosis. Given the possibility of advanced liver disease, the threshold for antiviral treatment must be individualized. Further studies are needed to investigate patients with modest increases in ALT.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.11.038

  View details for Web of Science ID 000341119700011

  View details for PubMedID 24361419

• Mutations in HBV DNA Polymerase Associated With Nucleos(t)ide Resistance Are Rare in Treatment-naive Patients. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology Vutien, P., Trinh, H. N., Garcia, R. T., Nguyen, H. A., Levitt, B. S., Nguyen, K., da Silveira, E., Daugherty, T., Ahmed, A., Garcia, G., Lutchman, G. A., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 12 (8): 1363-1370

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.11.036

  View details for PubMedID 24342744

• Mutations in HBV DNA polymerase associated with nucleos(t)ide resistance are rare in treatment-naive patients. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology Vutien, P., Trinh, H. N., Garcia, R. T., Nguyen, H. A., Levitt, B. S., Nguyen, K., da Silveira, E., Daugherty, T., Ahmed, A., Garcia, G., Lutchman, G. A., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 12 (8): 1363-1370

  Abstract

  Prior studies have detected hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA polymerase mutations in treatment-naive patients. However, most of these studies used either direct polymerase chain reaction sequencing, which detects these mutations with low levels of sensitivity, or patient cohorts that were not well-characterized. We investigated the prevalence of HBV mutations in DNA polymerase by using a line probe assay.In a prospective, cross-sectional study, we enrolled 198 treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B (52.5% male; mean age, 41 years) from February 2009 to May 2011 from 3 gastroenterology and liver clinics in Northern California. Exclusion criteria included infection with hepatitis C or D viruses or human immunodeficiency virus. All patients completed a questionnaire (to determine demographics, history of liver disease, prior treatments, family medical history, drug and alcohol use, and environmental risk factors for hepatitis) that was administered by a research coordinator; mutations in HBV DNA polymerase were detected by using the INNO-LiPA HBV DR v.3 assay.Most patients were Vietnamese (48.5%) or Chinese (36.4%) and were infected with HBV genotypes B (67.5%) or C (24.2%). Mutations in HBV DNA polymerase were found in 2 patients (1%), rtI233V (n = 1) and rtM250M/L (n = 1).In a multicenter prospective study of treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B, we detected mutations in HBV DNA polymerase in only 1%. Because of the low prevalence of these mutations and the uncertain clinical significance of such quasispecies, routine HBV DNA polymerase mutation analysis cannot be recommended before initiation of antiviral therapy for treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B. The analysis requires further molecular and clinical studies.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.11.036

  View details for PubMedID 24342744

• Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in Noncirrhotic Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B and Patients With Cirrhosis of All Etiologies JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY Do, A. L., Wong, C. R., Nguyen, L. H., Nguyen, V. G., Huy Trinh, H., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 48 (7): 644-649

  Abstract

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes approximately a half million deaths annually with the majority related to chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and cirrhosis. Results on HCC incidence in CHB patients without cirrhosis are conflicting.This study aimed to examine HCC incidence in 2 high-risk groups: (1) patients with noncirrhotic CHB and 45 years of age or older; and (2) patients with cirrhosis of all etiologies and any age.Through electronic query using ICD-9 diagnosis codes for CHB and cirrhosis (070.32 and 571.5, respectively) between January 2001 and January 2008, a total of 949 patients with 12 months of follow-up or longer were identified and reviewed. Over 4231.5 person-years of observation, HCC developed in 15 of the 741 noncirrhotic CHB patients and 30 of the 208 cirrhotic patients. Male and female noncirrhotic CHB patients had significantly lower annual HCC incidences than those found in male and female patients with cirrhosis regardless of etiologies (0.7% vs. 4.1%, P<0.0001 and 0.1% vs. 2.7%, P<0.0001). Annual HCC incidence increased significantly with age in both sexes of noncirrhotic CHB patients. In noncirrhotic CHB patients, annual HCC incidence was very low in young females, but increased to 0.3% to 0.4% in females 55 years of age or older. An HCC incidence rate of 1.1% per year was seen in noncirrhotic CHB men aged 55 or older.Although annual HCC incidence in cirrhotic patients did not differ significantly among different age groups, rates among noncirrhotic patients were significantly higher in older patients and up to 1.1% in males above 55 years.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000338710600016

• Isoniazid hepatotoxicity requiring liver transplantation. Digestive diseases and sciences Sheen, E., Huang, R. J., Uribe, L. A., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 59 (7): 1370-1374

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-014-3072-z

  View details for PubMedID 24573717

• Isoniazid Hepatotoxicity Requiring Liver Transplantation DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES Sheen, E., Huang, R. J., Uribe, L. A., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 59 (7): 1370-1374

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-014-3072-z

  View details for Web of Science ID 000338344500008

  View details for PubMedID 24573717

• Approximately One-Half of Patients With Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Meeting Milan Criteria Did Not Receive Local Tumor Destructive or Curative Surgery in the Post-MELD Exception Era CANCER Devaki, P., Wong, R. J., Marupakula, V., Nangia, S., Long Nguyen, L., Ditah, I. C., Ehrinpreis, M. N., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 120 (11): 1725-1732

  Abstract

  Since 2002, priority Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) exception status has been given to patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who meet the Milan criteria. Since then, the number of liver transplantations performed in patients with HCC has increased, but to the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have examined the effect of MELD exception recommendations on therapy use and survival rates in a nationwide sample. The current study examines therapy use and long-term survival rates among patients with HCC tumors meeting the Milan criteria in the post-MELD exception era.The current study is a retrospective cohort study of 2179 patients with localized HCC meeting the Milan criteria who were registered between 2004 and 2007 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.A total of 43% of patients did not receive any specific therapy. Overall, the 5-year relative survival rate for patients receiving only supportive care was dismal at 24% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 21%-27%), whereas that for patients undergoing liver transplantation was 77% (95% CI, 71%-82%). Long-term survival was found to be dependent on age, race/ethnicity, and type of therapy received. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and type of therapy received demonstrated that, compared with white patients, black patients had significantly poorer survival outcomes (hazards ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.47 [P?=?.02]), whereas Asian/Pacific Islander patients had significantly better survival rates when compared with white patients (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.57-0.77 [P?

  View details for DOI 10.1002/cncr.28639

  View details for Web of Science ID 000336619700022

• Letter: Response-guided treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 5 may be feasible--authors' reply. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Wantuck, J. M., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 39 (11): 1338-?

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.12747

  View details for PubMedID 24803252

• Letter: Treatment of HBeAg+ chronic hepatitis B--is tenofovir truly superior to entecavir? Authors' reply. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Gao, L., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 39 (11): 1339-1340

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.12765

  View details for PubMedID 24803254

• Ethnic disparities and liver transplantation rates in hepatocellular carcinoma patients in the recent era: Results from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results registry LIVER TRANSPLANTATION Wong, R. J., Devaki, P., Long Nguyen, L., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 20 (5): 528-535

  Abstract

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Following implementation of the model for end stage liver disease (MELD) system, rates of liver transplantation (LT) for HCC patients increased. However, it is not clear if this trend continued into the recent time period. Utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 1998-2010 registry, we retrospectively analyzed trends in LT among HCC patients using three time periods: 1998-2003, 2004-2008, and 2009-2010). A total of 60,772 HCC patients were identified. With more recent time periods, the proportion of localized stage HCC increased (45.0% in 1998-2003 vs. 50.4% in 2004-2008 vs. 51.7% in 2009-2010, p<0.001). While the proportion of HCC patients within Milan criteria also increased with time (22.8% vs. 31.8% vs. 37.1%, p<0.001), the proportion of these patients receiving LT increased from 1998-2003 to 2004-2008, but decreased in 2009-2010. However, the actual frequency of LT was similar in 2004-2008 (208.2/year) and 2009-2010 (201.5/year). Multivariate logistic regression, inclusive of sex, age, ethnicity, Milan criteria, tumor stage, tumor size and number, and time periods, demonstrated a lower likelihood of LT in 2009-2010 compared to 1998-2003 (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.57-0.71). Blacks (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.41-0.56), Asians (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.57-0.73), and Hispanics (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.68-0.85) were all less likely to receive LT compared to non-Hispanic whites. Despite increasing proportion of earlier staged HCC diagnosed, LT rates are declining in the recent era. In addition, ethnic minorities were significantly less likely to receive LT. The growing imbalance between the number of transplant-eligible HCC patients and the shortage of donor livers emphasizes the need to improve donor availability and curative alternatives to LT. Liver Transpl , 2014. © 2014 AASLD.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/lt.23820

  View details for Web of Science ID 000334953000004

  View details for PubMedID 24415542

• Commentary: tenofovir is superior to entecavir in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients - authors' reply ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Yaghoobi, M., Yuan, Y., Hunt, R. H. 2014; 39 (9): 993

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.12708

  View details for Web of Science ID 000333553000012

  View details for PubMedID 24689345

• Letter: gender-associated cell-free microRNA profiles in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Chao, D., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 39 (9): 997?98

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.12649

  View details for Web of Science ID 000333553000015

  View details for PubMedID 24689349

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4007279

• POOR ADHERENCE TO HCV MEDICATION IN A MEDICAID POPULATION Kim, Y. A., Nguyen, M., Richards, K. M., Wilson, J. P., Rascati, K. L. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. 2014: A277

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jval.2014.03.1614

  View details for Web of Science ID 000341082001653

• GENDER DISPARITY AND REAL-LIFE PRACTICE SETTING DIFFERENCES IN ACTUAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B MEETING CRITERIA FOR ANTIVIRAL THERAPY Kim, L. H., Nguyen, V. G., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Zhang, J. Q., Nguyen, M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2014: S13?S14

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(14)60033-7

  View details for Web of Science ID 000361961700032

• Tenofovir is superior to entecavir for achieving complete viral suppression in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with high HBV DNA ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Gao, L., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 39 (6): 629-637

  Abstract

  Entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are the two first-line anti-viral therapies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, there are limited studies directly comparing their effectiveness.To compare the effectiveness of ETV and TDF in nucleos(t)ide-naïve CHB patients with high hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels, defined as serum HBV DNA greater than 6 log10  IU/mL.We performed a retrospective multicentre cohort study of adult CHB patients who were seen between 2009 and 2012 at four Northern California community gastroenterology and hepatology clinics.We identified 59 consecutive patients treated with TDF and 216 patients treated with ETV. Pre-treatment characteristics were similar between the two groups. Among HBeAg-negative patients, there was no significant difference in viral suppression rates between ETV and TDF (P = 0.72). In contrast, among HBeAg-positive patients, those treated with TDF achieved viral suppression significantly more rapidly than those treated with ETV (P < 0.0001); the Kaplan-Meier estimated probability of complete suppression was 18% vs. 11% at 6 months, 51% vs. 28% at 12 months and 72% vs. 39% at 18 months respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis indicated that treatment with TDF compared to ETV was a significant predictor of viral suppression, but only for HBeAg-positive patients (HR = 2.59; 95% CI 1.58-4.22; P < 0.001).Tenofovir is significantly more effective than entecavir for achieving complete viral suppression in HBeAg-positive, nucleos(t)ide-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients with HBV DNA greater than 6 log10  IU/mL.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.12629

  View details for Web of Science ID 000331621500009

  View details for PubMedID 24467455

• Systematic review with meta-analysis: the proportion of chronic hepatitis B patients with normal alanine transaminase <= 40 IU/L and significant hepatic fibrosis ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Chao, D. T., Lim, J. K., Ayoub, W. S., Nguyen, L. H., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 39 (4): 349-358

  Abstract

  Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) may lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and premature death. Elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) levels ? the upper limit of normal (ULN) are a major determinant for initiating anti-viral therapy; however, ALT levels alone may not be predictive of hepatic fibrosis.To determine the proportion of CHB patients with ALT ?40 IU/L and liver fibrosis stage ?2. Secondary goals include subgroup analysis by hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status, high hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels, Asian ethnicity, lower ULN of ?30 IU/L (males) and 19 IU/L (females), and advanced age.Studies identified in EMBASE and MEDLINE (1/1990-6/2012) using the search criteria: "Hepatitis B"[Mesh] OR "Hepatitis B virus"[Mesh] OR "Hepatitis B, Chronic"[Mesh])) AND "Alanine Transaminase"[Mesh]) and abstracts containing the term 'hepatitis' from recent major U.S. gastroenterology and liver society meetings were considered.Among nine studies (N = 830 patients), a significant proportion (20.7%; 95% CI: 16.2-26.0%) of CHB patients with ALT levels ?40 IU/L had significant fibrosis irrespective of HBeAg status, high HBV DNA levels, ethnicity or age, although this proportion may be higher in patients older than 30-40 years old. The corresponding proportion was 27.8% even when the newer ULN of 30 IU/L (males) and 19 IU/L (females) was applied.Approximately one fifth of CHB patients with ALT ?40 IU/L may have significant hepatic fibrosis. The approach to such patients should be individualised, as further evaluation and treatment may be appropriate.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.12590

  View details for Web of Science ID 000329932800001

  View details for PubMedID 24387289

• Primary surgical resection versus liver transplantation for transplant-eligible hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Digestive diseases and sciences Wong, R. J., Wantuck, J., Valenzuela, A., Ahmed, A., Bonham, C., Gallo, A., Melcher, M. L., Lutchman, G., Concepcion, W., Esquivel, C., Garcia, G., Daugherty, T., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 59 (1): 183-191

  Abstract

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Existing studies comparing outcomes after liver transplantation (LT) versus surgical resection among transplant-eligible patients are conflicting.The purpose of this study was to compare long-term survival between consecutive transplant-eligible HCC patients treated with resection versus LT.The present retrospective matched case cohort study compares long-term survival outcomes between consecutive transplant-eligible HCC patients treated with resection versus LT using intention-to-treat (ITT) and as-treated models. Resection patients were matched to LT patients by age, sex, and etiology of HCC in a 1:2 ratio.The study included 171 patients (57 resection and 114 LT). Resection patients had greater post-treatment tumor recurrence (43.9 vs. 12.9 %, p < 0.001) compared to LT patients. In the as-treated model of the pre-model for end stage liver disease (MELD) era, LT patients had significantly better 5-year survival compared to resection patients (100 vs. 69.5 %, p = 0.04), but no difference was seen in the ITT model. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, inclusive of age, sex, ethnicity, tumor stage, and MELD era (pre-MELD vs. post-MELD), treatment with resection was an independent predictor of poorer survival (HR 2.72; 95 % CI, 1.08-6.86).Transplant-eligible HCC patients who received LT had significantly better survival than those treated with resection, suggesting that patients who can successfully remain on LT listing and actually undergo LT have better outcomes.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-013-2947-8

  View details for PubMedID 24282054

• Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in a US Cohort of Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Patients by Age, Gender, Cirrhosis and Antiviral Treatment Status Lin, D., Nguyen, N. H., Hoang, J., Vu, V. D., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Zhang, J. Q., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2014: 315A?316A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000344483801166

• Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with low ALT levels in a multicenter US Cohort Hoang, J. K., Nguyen, N. H., Lin, D., Vu, V. D., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Zhang, J. Q., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2014: 1088A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000344483804414

• Antiviral Therapy and the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Patients with and without Cirrhosis in a US Population Lin, D., Nguyen, N. H., Hoang, J., Vu, V. D., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Zhang, J. Q., Nguyen, H. A., Khanh Nguyen, Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2014: 988A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000344483804203

• Long-term Follow-up and Treatment Rates of Treatment-Eligible Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Patients: A Multicenter Cohort Study Vu, V. D., Do, A., Nguyen, N. H., Kim, L. H., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2014: 1125A?1126A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000344483804483

• Entecavir Safety and Effectiveness in a National Cohort of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in the United States - the ENUMERATE study Ahn, J., Lee, H., Lim, J. K., Pan, C. Q., Nguyen, M. H., Kim, W., Trinh, H. N., Tran, T. T., Chu, D., Min, A., Do, S. T., Woog, J., Mannalithara, A., Lok, A. S. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2014: 1100A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000344483804433

• Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a National Cohort of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients on Long Term Entecavir Treatment- the ENUMERATE study Ahn, J., Lim, J. K., Lee, H., Pan, C. Q., Nguyen, M. H., Trinh, H. N., Tran, T. T., Chu, D., Min, A., Do, S. T., Woog, J., Mannalithara, A., Lok, A. S., Kim, W. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2014: 1099A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000344483804432

• Poor Sustained Virologic Response (SVR) in a Multicenter Real-Life Cohort of Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) Patients Treated with Pegylated Interferon (PEG IFN) and Ribavirin (RBV) plus Telaprevir (TVR) or Boceprevir (BOC) Vo, K. P., Vutien, P., Akiyama, M. J., Vu, V. D., Piotrowski, J. I., Ha, N. B., Wantuck, J. M., Roytman, M., Cheung, R., Li, J., Tsai, N., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2014: 673A?674A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000344483803026

• Higher sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients with early virologic response (EVR) and hepatitis C genotype 4 (HCV-4) compared to genotype 1 (HCV-1) with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG IFN plus RBV): a comparative analysis from a meta-analysis Yee, B. E., Lin, D., Nguyen, N. H., Zhang, B., Vutien, P., Wong, C. R., Lutchman, G. A., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2014: 686A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000344483803048

• Meta-analysis: Predictors for response-guided therapy (RGT) in hepatitis C genotype 4 (HCV-4) patients treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG IFN plus RBV) Yee, B. E., Nguyen, N. H., Zhang, B., Vutien, P., Wong, C. R., Lutchman, G. A., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2014: 690A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000344483803056

• Treatment of Acute Hepatitis C (HCV) Infection with Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin (P/R) in Patients Co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): a systematic review and meta-analysis Zhang, B., Yip, B., Nguyen, N. H., Yee, B. E., Ayoub, W. S., Nguyen, M. H., Lutchman, G. A. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2014: 706A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000344483803089

• High Rates of Comorbidities and Polypharmacy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) in a Real-World Setting: a Consequence of an Aging Population Vutien, P., Brooks, L., Livornese, R. C., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2014: 910A?911A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000344483804044

• Higher rates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance among males and non-Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in a large, multi-center US cohort study Nguyen, L. H., Wang, C., Vu, V. D., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Zhang, J. Q., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2014: 1005A?1006A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000344483804241

• Similar Renal Function Profile in Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Patients Treated with Tenofovir (TDF) vs. Entecavir (ETV) Monotherapy - A Multicenter Matched Case Cohort Study Ha, N. B., Ku, K., Ha, N. B., Chaung, K. T., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2014: 1124A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000344483804480

• Safety and Effectiveness of Sofosbuvir (SOF) in Combination with Simeprevir (SIM) or Ribavirin (RBV) for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Recurrence after Liver Transplant (LT) Lutchman, G. A., Nguyen, N. H., Hsiao, T. I., Vu, V. D., Chen, V., Ahmed, A., Daugherty, T., Garcia, G., Kumari, R., Kim, W., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2014: 670A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000344483803021

• Management of Chronic hepatitis C among Asian Americans. North Am J Med Sci. Yip, B., Nguyen, L. H., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 7: 38-45

  View details for DOI 10.7156/najms. 2014.0701038.

• The genetic diversity and evolutionary history of hepatitis C virus in Vietnam. Virology Li, C., Yuan, M., Lu, L., Lu, T., Xia, W., Pham, V. H., Vo, A. X., Nguyen, M. H., Abe, K. 2014; 468-470C: 197?206

  Abstract

  Vietnam has a unique history in association with foreign countries, which may have resulted in multiple introductions of the alien HCV strains to mix with those indigenous ones. In this study, we characterized the HCV sequences in Core-E1 and NS5B regions from 236 Vietnamese individuals. We identified multiple HCV lineages; 6a, 6e, 6h, 6k, 6l, 6o, 6p, and two novel variants may represent the indigenous strains; 1a was probably introduced from the US; 1b and 2a possibly originated in East Asia; while 2i, 2j, and 2m were likely brought by French explorers. We inferred the evolutionary history for four major subtypes: 1a, 1b, 6a, and 6e. The obtained Bayesian Skyline Plots (BSPs) consistently showed the rapid HCV population growth from 1955 to 1963 until 1984 or after, corresponding to the era of the Vietnam War. We also estimated HCV growth rates and reconstructed phylogeographic trees for comparing subtypes 1a, 1b, and HCV-2.

  View details for PubMedID 25193655

• Similar Response to Entecavir 0.5 and 1.0 Mg in Treatment-Na < ve Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: A Case-Control Study DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES Ha, N. B., Ha, N. B., Chaung, K. T., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 59 (1): 168-173

  Abstract

  The dose recommendation for entecavir (ETV) is 0.5 mg daily for treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 1.0 mg daily for lamivudine-refractory patients; however, few data are available for the efficacy of a 1.0-mg daily dose in treatment-naïve CHB patients. Our goal is to examine the treatment outcome of treatment-naïve patients placed on ETV 0.5 mg or ETV 1.0 mg daily through week 48.Cases were 40 consecutive hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive CHB patients treated with ETV 1.0 mg daily between January 2005 and September 2010, and controls were 40 consecutive CHB patients treated with ETV 0.5 mg daily between January 2005 and September 2010 at three US gastroenterology/liver clinics. Controls were matched for age (±5 years), sex, HBeAg, and baseline hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (±0.5 log10 IU/ml). Complete viral suppression was defined as undetectable HBV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (<100 IU/ml).Both groups had similar distributions of age (38 ± 11 years), male patients (55 %), and mean HBV DNA (7.7 ± 1.1 log10 IU/ml). The complete viral suppression rate was similar in both cases and controls through week 24 (15 vs. 15 %, p = 1.00) and week 48 (22 vs. 36 %, p = 0.17). Non-adherence was reported in three patients in the ETV 1.0 mg daily cohort at week 48.There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with complete viral suppression in patients treated with ETV 0.5 mg daily or the higher daily dose of 1.0 mg.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-013-2940-2

  View details for Web of Science ID 000330585500027

  View details for PubMedID 24248420

• Review article: the epidemiology and therapy of chronic hepatitis C genotypes 4, 5 and 6 ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Wantuck, J. M., Ahmed, A., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 39 (2): 137-147

  Abstract

  The global burden of hepatitis C (HCV) infection is mostly found in Africa, the Middle East and Asia, where HCV genotypes 4, 5 and 6 are common. The literature on these genotypes is sparse and this synopsis will review characteristics of patients infected with these genotypes.To review characteristics of patients infected with HCV genotypes 4, 5 and 6.PubMed search for 'hepatitis C' AND 'genotype 4', 'hepatitis C' AND 'genotype 5', and 'hepatitis C' AND 'genotype 6' was conducted and relevant articles were reviewed.Intravenous drug use is generally responsible for HCV genotype 4 infection in developed countries, but unsafe medical practices cause most cases of HCV genotypes 4, 5 and 6 in endemic countries. The sustained virological response (SVR) rate for patients with HCV genotype 4 who receive pegylated interferon and ribavirin for 48 weeks ranges from 40% to 70% in various small studies. The SVR rate is in the 60-70% range for HCV genotype 5 and 70-80% range for HCV genotype 6 following 48 weeks with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Preliminary data suggest that a shorter course of 24 weeks of pegylated interferon and ribavirin may be acceptable for HCV genotype 6, with an SVR rate of approximately 70%.The current standard-of-care therapy for HCV genotypes 4, 5 and 6 is pegylated interferon and ribavirin for 48 weeks. A shorter course with 24 weeks of therapy may be considered for patients with genotype 6. Newer and much more effective therapies may be forthcoming in the next few years.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.12551

  View details for Web of Science ID 000328283900003

  View details for PubMedID 24251930

• Clinical Presentation and Survival of Asian and Non-Asian Patients with HCV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES Yip, B., Wantuck, J. M., Kim, L. H., Wong, R. J., Ahmed, A., Garcia, G., Nguyen, M. H. 2014; 59 (1): 192-200

  Abstract

  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Asians; however, it is often overlooked due to the high prevalence of hepatitis B virus in Asians. This study examines HCV-related HCC in Asians.We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 792 consecutive Asian (n = 220) and non-Asian (n = 572) patients with HCV-related HCC identified at Stanford University Medical Center using International Classification of Diseases-9 diagnosis between July 1996 and June 2012.Asian patients were much older [66 (38-88) vs. 56 (31-87) years, P < 0.0001] and more likely to be female (33 vs. 19 %, P < 0.0001). A larger proportion of Asians were diagnosed with HCC within 2 years of HCV diagnosis (35 vs. 20 %, P = 0.001). Asian patients were more likely to undergo palliative therapy (46 vs. 28 %) and less likely to be listed for liver transplantation (20 vs. 48 %, P < 0.001), despite similar rates of meeting Milan criteria (52 vs. 58 %, P = 0.16). Overall, there was a trend for higher median survival rates in Asians (30 vs. 21 months, P = 0.091). Asians had higher long-term survival with palliative therapy only (5-year survival: 28 vs. 10 %, P < 0.0001); however, survival was similar among patients listed for liver transplantation.There were distinct differences in clinical presentations of Asian and non-Asian patients with HCV-related HCC. Asians with HCV-related HCC are less likely to undergo liver transplantation and more likely to have delayed HCV diagnosis. Improved strategies in HCV screening in Asians are needed, as it may lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment of HCV infection and possible prevention of HCC development.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-013-2948-7

  View details for Web of Science ID 000330585500030

  View details for PubMedID 24282055

• Both HCV and HBV are Major Causes of Liver Cancer in Southeast Asians. Journal of immigrant and minority health Lin, H., Ha, N. B., Ahmed, A., Ayoub, W., Daugherty, T. J., Lutchman, G. A., Garcia, G., Nguyen, M. H. 2013; 15 (6): 1023-1029

  Abstract

  The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is higher in Asian Americans than in other ethnicities. While hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is more prevalent in some subgroups. Our goal was to determine the etiology of liver disease associated with HCC in subgroups of Asian Americans. This was an analysis of 510 Asian HCC patients at a US medical center. Patients were identified using ICD9 diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to study predictors of HCV as the cause of HCC. Patients were Southeast Asian, Chinese, and Korean, with similar gender, age, and foreign-born status. Southeast Asians had a similar proportion of HBV- and HCV-related HCC, while Chinese and Korean patients had a higher proportion of HBV-related HCC. HCC was usually associated with HBV in Chinese and Korean patients, but both HCV and HBV were important associations in Southeast Asians.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10903-013-9871-z

  View details for PubMedID 23864445

• Chronic Hepatitis B Management Based on Standard Guidelines in Community Primary Care and Specialty Clinics DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES Ku, K. C., Li, J., Ha, N. B., Martin, M., Nguyen, V. G., Nguyen, M. H. 2013; 58 (12): 3626-3633

  Abstract

  Prior studies have underlined the need for increased screening and awareness of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), especially in certain high-risk populations. However, few studies have examined the patterns of evaluation and management of CHB between primary care physicians (PCP) and specialists according to commonly-used professional guidelines. Our goal was to examine whether necessary laboratory parameters used to determine disease status and eligibility for antiviral therapy were performed by PCPs and specialists.We conducted a retrospective study of 253 treatment-naïve CHB patients who were evaluated by PCP only (n = 63) or by specialists (n = 190) for CHB at a community multispecialty medical center between March 2007 and June 2009. Criteria for CHB management and treatment eligibility were based on the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases 2007 guideline and the US Panel 2006 algorithm. Required parameters for optimal evaluation for CHB included hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), HBV DNA, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Preferred antiviral agents for CHB included pegylated interferon, adefovir, and entecavir.The majority of patients were Asians (90 %) and male (54 %) with a mean age of 43 ± 11.6 years. Compared to PCPs, specialists were more likely to order laboratory testing for ALT (94 vs. 86 %, P = 0.05), HBeAg (67 vs. 41 %, P < 0.0001) and HBV DNA (83 vs. 52 %, P < 0.0001). The proportion of patients having all three laboratory parameters was significantly higher among those evaluated by specialists compared to PCP (62 vs. 33 %, P < 0.0001). A total of 55 patients were initiated on antiviral treatment (n = 47 by specialists and n = 6 by PCPs). Lamivudine was prescribed more often by PCPs than specialists (33 vs. 2 %, P = 0.05). Preferred agents were used 96 % of the time by specialists compared to 67 % of those treated by PCPs (P = 0.05).Patients evaluated by specialists for CHB are more likely to undergo more complete laboratory evaluation and, if eligible, are also more likely to be treated with preferred longer-term agents for CHB compared to those evaluated by PCPs only. A collaborative model of care involving both PCP and specialists may further optimize management of patients with CHB.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-013-2889-1

  View details for Web of Science ID 000327456500033

  View details for PubMedID 24122622

• Less-established risk factors are common in asian americans with hepatitis C virus: a case-controlled study. Digestive diseases and sciences Kin, K. C., Lin, B., Chaung, K. T., Ha, N. B., Trinh, H. N., Garcia, R. T., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Levitt, B. S., Da Silveira, E. B., Nguyen, M. H. 2013; 58 (11): 3342-3347

  Abstract

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with injection drug use, blood transfusion before 1992, stigmata of liver disease, or born between 1945 and 1965. The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for HCV acquisition in Asian Americans.This was a case-controlled study, with 471 consecutive patients testing positive for anti-HCV between January 2001 and December 2008. Controls included 471 patients with negative HCV matched at a one-to-one ratio for sex, age (±5 years), and ethnicity.For Asian patients, the most common risk factors were blood transfusion and acupuncture or exposure to dirty needles (27 and 20 %, respectively). On multiple logistic regression, potential predictors for a positive anti-HCV test in Asians were acupuncture or exposure to dirty needles (OR = 12.9, P < 0.0001), body tattoo (OR = 12.0, P = 0.001), and history of blood transfusion (OR = 5.7, P < 0.0001).Acupuncture and exposure to dirty needles are independent risk factors of HCV infection. Asians coming from endemic areas should be screened for HCV even when commonly-known risk factors for Western patients are not present.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-013-2884-6

  View details for PubMedID 24081641

• Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: is elective cesarean section in highly viremic mothers an appropriate adjunct to immunoprophylaxis? Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology Nguyen, L. H., Nguyen, M. H. 2013; 11 (10): 1356-1357

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.04.017

  View details for PubMedID 23639607

• Treatment Tolerability and Persistency Rate in Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) Patients Treated with Pegylated Interferon (PEG IFN) and Ribavirin (RBV) plus Telaprevir (TVR) versus Boceprevir (BOC) Vo, K., Akiyama, M., Ha, N., Vutien, P., Piotrowski, J., Wantuck, J., Roytman, M., Tsai, N., Cheung, R., Li, J., Nguyen, M. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2013: S155?S156

  View details for Web of Science ID 000330178100528

• Changes in Hepatitis B (HBV) Vaccination Rates and Differences in Various General Demographics across National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 1999-2010 Devaki, P., Nguyen, L. H., Wong, R., Sinha, S., Marupakula, V., Nangia, S., Ditah, I. C., Ehrinpreis, M. N., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2013: 607A?608A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000330252203012

• Significant Fibrosis Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection and Only Normal Serum Alanine Transaminase Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Chao, D. T., Ayoub, W., Lim, J. K., Nguyen, L. H., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2013: 646A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000330252203089

• Tenofovir (TDF) Monotherapy Rescue Therapy is Comparable to Tenofovir and Entecavir (ETV) Combination Rescue Therapy in ETV Partial Responders Lu, L., Nguyen, V. G., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2013: 704A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000330252203196

• Ethnic Disparity and Liver Transplantation (LT) Rates in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Patients in the Recent Era (2009-2010): Results from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Cancer Registry Wong, R., Devaki, P., Nguyen, L. H., Cheung, R., Ahmed, A., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2013: 1191A?1192A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000330252205384

• Suboptimal Treatment Rates and Treatment Completion Rates of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Therapy in Patients with Comorbidities: Analysis of a Large Real-World US Cohort Nguyen, M. H., Brooks, L., Livornese, R. C. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2013: 1194A?1195A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000330252205390

• Significantly Higher Long-Term Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Patients in the Post-MELD Era: A Population-Based Cohort Study Wong, R., Devaki, P., Nguyen, L. H., Cheung, R., Cho, C., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2013: 1232A?1233A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000330252206070

• Suboptimal Vaccination Rates for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) among U. S. Adults at High Risk for HBV Infection in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001-2010 Devaki, P., Wong, R., Nguyen, L. H., Nangia, S., Sinha, S., Marupakula, V., Ditah, I. C., Ehrinpreis, M. N., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2013: 611A?612A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000330252203020

• High Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus in Asian-Americans: Results of Office-Based Primary Care Screening Lin, O., Chang, C. Y., Lee, J. Y., Do, A., Martin, M. H., Martin, A. B., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2013: 1308A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000330252206226

• Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Disease Knowledge of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection in Vietnamese Americans in California JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION Ha, N. B., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, T. T., Leduc, T., Bui, C., Ha, N. B., Wong, C. R., Anh Thu Tran, A. T., Nguyen, M. H. 2013; 28 (2): 319-324

  Abstract

  Our goal is to examine the prevalence, risk factors, and disease knowledge of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) among Vietnamese Americans in California. We also examined treatment eligibility and linkage to care among patients who tested positive for CHB. We enrolled 717 subjects from ten different hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening events in five locations from January 2009 to June 2010 in California. HBV status was determined by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody. Data were collected by a 36-question survey. A total of 99 patients (13.8 %) had positive HBsAg, especially those aged 31-40 years (23.6 %), and 177 (24.7 %) were still susceptible to HBV infection. A significant proportion of those who were HBsAg positive or still susceptible reported a history of HBV vaccination (10 and 20 %, respectively). Following adjustments for age and sex, significant predictors for HBsAg positivity were lack of healthcare coverage (OR?=?2.4, p?=?0.004), having a family history of CHB (OR?=?2.1, p?=?0.009), and prior occupational exposure (OR?=?3.0, p?=?0.007). Of those who tested positive, 13.3 % met criteria for antiviral therapy, but none had been initiated on treatment. HBV prevalence in Vietnamese Americans in California was high (13.8 %), especially in those between 31 and 40 years of age. Patient disease and treatment knowledge was poor, as were follow-up and management of those found to have CHB and/or have indication for antiviral therapy.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s13187-013-0466-0

  View details for Web of Science ID 000319473500017

• Treatment eligibility of patients with chronic hepatitis B initially ineligible for therapy. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology Nguyen, N. H., Nguyen, V., Trinh, H. N., Lin, B., Nguyen, M. H. 2013; 11 (5): 565-571

  Abstract

  Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a dynamic disease, therefore patients initially ineligible for treatment, based on current guidelines, often become eligible at some point during their follow-up evaluation. We investigated the reasons for this change and developed a timeline for treatment eligibility for this population.We performed a retrospective cohort study of 245 consecutive treatment-naive, community-based patients with CHB who were not eligible for treatment when they first presented, from March 2007 through June 2010 (mean age, 44 y, almost all Asian). The patients were followed up for a median period of 26 months, receiving standard laboratory tests. They were treated according to US panel 2008 and American Association for Liver Disease (AASLD) 2009 guidelines.Fifty-four patients (22%) became eligible for treatment during the follow-up period; most of these (n = 47; 87%) were based on only the US Panel algorithm and the rest were based on AASLD guidelines (n = 7; 13%). Six percent of patients met the treatment criteria at 1 year, 18% at 2 years, and 29% at 3 years. Among hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients with levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA greater than 3 log IU/mL at baseline, 11% met treatment criteria at 1 year, 52% at 2 years, and 80% at 3 years. Based on Cox multivariate analysis, which included age; sex; and levels of hepatitis B e antigen, alanine aminotransferase, and HBV DNA, an increase in HBV DNA level was the only factor from the US panel associated with treatment eligibility (hazard ratio, 1.43; P < .001), and an increase in alanine aminotransferase was the only factor associated with treatment eligibility from the AASLD guidelines (hazard ratio, 1.03; P = .001).Although most patients with CHB who initially are not eligible for treatment remain ineligible, almost 30% become eligible within 3 years. These findings indicate the importance of carefully following disease status in patients with CHB.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.12.028

  View details for PubMedID 23333662

• Systematic review: Asian patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Nguyen, L. H., Nguyen, M. H. 2013; 37 (10): 921-936

  Abstract

  Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection is a risk factor for both the development of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Globally, approximately 170 million people are chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the majority of these individuals come from the western Pacific and Southeast Asia regions (94.6 million persons combined). CHC is an understudied and underappreciated health problem in many Asian countries and in the US, where Asians represent one of the fastest growing groups of new Americans.To perform a systematic review of the current literature on the epidemiology, diagnosis and screening, clinical characteristics and response to anti-viral therapy of Asians with CHC.Using a PubMed search of 'hepatitis C' and 'Asia,' 341 original manuscripts published in peer-reviewed journals were identified, and 99 were selected based on their relevance.Many Asian CHC patients do not have easily identifiable risk factors and may be underdiagnosed. Rates of HCV infection in Asians on community screening in the US are unexpectedly high, and there is a high prevalence of HCV genotype 6 in Southeast Asia and Southern China. HCV-infected Asians tend to present at older age and may have higher risk of HCC; however, they respond better to anti-viral therapy than non-Asians across all HCV genotypes.Given the high HCV endemicity in Asia, lack of identifiable risk factors and favourable treatment response rates in Asians, we advocate the screening for HCV infection of all Asians who come from areas where HCV prevalence is ?2%.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.12300

  View details for PubMedID 23557103

• Low incidence of hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in patients treated with oral nucleos(t)ides in routine practice. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology Lin, B., Ha, N. B., Liu, A., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Ahmed, A., Keeffe, E. B., Garcia, R. T., Garcia, G., Nguyen, M. H. 2013; 28 (5): 855-860

  Abstract

  Treatment end-point of therapy for patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) includes HBeAg seroconversion, which ranges from 15% to 22% after 1 year of oral nucleos(t)ides according to clinical trials. Our goal was to determine the incidence and predictors of HBeAg seroconversion in such patients in routine clinical practice because they may differ than reported rates.We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 333 consecutive treatment-naïve HBeAg-positive patients who were treated for CHB between 1/2000 and 6/2010 at three gastroenterology and liver clinics in the USA. Primary study end-point was HBeAg seroconversion-loss of HBeAg and antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe) development.The majority of patients were Asian (96%). Median treatment duration prior to HBeAg seroconversion was 50 (range 26-52) weeks. Of the 333 study patients, 25% received lamivudine, 16% adefovir, 51% entecavir, and 8% tenofovir. HBeAg seroconversion at month 12 was 8.2%. On multivariate analysis inclusive of age, gender, and antiviral agents, independent predictors for HBeAg seroconversion at month 12 were hepatitis B virus DNA ?1.5?×?upper normal limit (HR?=?2.86 [1.05-7.81], P?=?0.040), but not the choice of nucleos(t)ides.The HBeAg seroconversion rate seen in clinical settings for oral nucleos(t)ides appears much lower than those reported in pivotal trials, especially in patients with lower ALT and higher HBV DNA levels. HBeAg-positive patients should be counseled about the high possibility of the long treatment duration required to achieve recommended treatment end-points.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/jgh.12108

  View details for PubMedID 23278507

• Response to Higher Dose of Entecavir 1.0 mg Daily in Patients With Partial Response to Entecavir 0.5 mg Daily JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY Ha, N. B., Ha, N. B., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Nguyen, M. H. 2013; 47 (5): 461-465

  Abstract

  Despite its high potency against hepatitis B virus (HBV), entecavir (ETV) 0.5 mg daily may not be sufficient to induce complete viral suppression in some patients with very high pretreatment viremia. It is not clear whether ETV 1.0 mg daily would have additive effect in such patients.Our goal was to examine virologic outcome of ETV 1.0 mg daily in patients with partial response to ETV 0.5 mg daily.We retrospectively studied 31 consecutive treatment-naive patients who were switched to ETV 1.0 mg daily after partial response [reduction of HBV DNA ?2 log10 IU/mL but with detectable HBV DNA levels (>100 IU/mL) after 24 weeks of therapy or longer] with ETV 0.5 mg daily from January 2005 to January 2010 at 2 clinics.All patients were Asians and 90% had positive hepatitis B e antigen. Mean HBV DNA was 8.04±0.65 log10 IU/mL before therapy and 3.64±0.91 log10 IU/mL at the time of switch. Overall rate of complete viral suppression were 29% (n=9/31) after 24 weeks of ETV 1.0 mg daily and 22% (n=5/23) after 48 weeks. Complete viral suppression after 24 weeks with ETV 1.0 mg daily was significantly higher in patients with lower HBV DNA (<3 log10 IU/mL) at time of switch: 75% versus 5%, P<0.0001.The majority of patients with partial response to ETV 0.5 mg daily did not achieve complete viral suppression with the higher dose of ETV 1.0 mg daily except those with minimal residual viremia (HBV DNA <3 log10 IU/mL).

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318266fd31

  View details for PubMedID 23090046

• High Proportion of Hepatitis C Virus in Community Asian American Patients With Non-Liver-related Complaints JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY Kin, K. C., Lin, B., Ha, N. B., Chaung, K. T., Trinh, H. N., Garcia, R. T., Nguyen, K. K., Nguyen, H. A., Da Silveira, E. B., Levitt, B. S., Nguyen, M. H. 2013; 47 (4): 367-371

  Abstract

  Besides United States population born between 1945 and 1965, screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is not recommended for the general US population. However, HCV may be more prevalent in certain subgroups and screening may be warranted. The goal of this study was to examine the proportion of HCV in a large sample of community Asian American patients presenting for non-liver-related complaints.We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1246 patients tested for hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV) referred to 2 gastroenterology clinics for non-liver-related gastrointestinal reasons between January 2001 and February 2011. We determined HCV status and patient history via electronic medical record review.Of the 1246 study patients tested for anti-HCV, the majority were Asian (81.4%) and 29 Asian patients (2.9%) had positive anti-HCV. HCV proportion in the remaining 232 non-Asians (non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics) was 1.7%. Asians with positive anti-HCV were more likely to have had blood transfusions (31.0% vs. 6.6%, P<0.0001) or acupuncture (10.3% vs. 1.5%, P<0.0001). Of the 976 Asian patients with hepatitis B surface antigen testing, 38 (3.9%) also had detectable hepatitis B surface antigen.Among patients seen at community gastroenterology clinics for non-liver-related reasons, HCV proportion was 1.7% for non-Asians and 2.9% for Asians. Screening for HCV should be offered to high-risk patients presenting to gastroenterology clinics with unrelated gastrointestinal complaints.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3182688b3e

  View details for Web of Science ID 000316111800014

  View details for PubMedID 23090039

• LOW TREATMENT RATES AND SUBOPTIMAL TREATMENT COMPLETION RATES TO HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) THERAPY: A REAL-WORLD ANALYSIS OF A LARGE US COHORT Brooks, L. H., Schwebke, K., Livornese, R., Van Caster, K., Nguyen, M. H. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2013: S363

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(13)60886-7

  View details for Web of Science ID 000322983001146

• A COMPARISON OF PRIMARY SURGICAL RESECTION TO LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (LT) AMONG TRANSPLANT-ELIGIBLE HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) PATIENTS USING AN INTENTION-TO-TREAT MODEL Wong, R. J., Wantuck, J., Valenzuela, A., Ahmed, A., Bonham, C., Gallo, A., Melcher, M., Lutchman, G., Concepcion, W., Esquivel, C., Garcia, G., Daugherty, T., Nguyen, M. H. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 2013: S117

  View details for DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(13)60277-9

  View details for Web of Science ID 000322983000276

• Low hepatitis B envelope antigen seroconversion rate in chronic hepatitis B patients on long-term entecavir 0.5 mg daily in routine clinical practice EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY Liu, A., Ha, N. B., Lin, B., Yip, B., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Ahmed, A., Garcia, G., Nguyen, M. H. 2013; 25 (3): 338-343

  Abstract

  Data from registration trials with highly selective patients have shown that hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B respond well to entecavir (ETV) 0.5 mg daily, with an HBeAg seroconversion rate of 21% at 12 months. However, there are varying data on the treatment outcomes of ETV 0.5 mg daily in routine clinical settings, with seroconversion rates at 12 months ranging from 8 to 48% in studies limited to 44-90 patients from centers in Asia, Europe, and South America.In the present study, we examined long-term treatment efficacy and tolerability in 136 consecutive treatment-naive HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients treated between January 2005 and January 2011 with ETV 0.5 mg daily at community clinics and tertiary centers in the USA. The primary study end point was HBeAg seroconversion.Sixty-one percent of HBeAg-positive patients were men, mean age 39 ± 12 years, median hepatitis B virus DNA 7.48 (3.7-9.8) log10 IU/ml, median alanine aminotransferase 67 (14-1077) U/l, and median treatment duration 18 (6-60) months. At months 12, 24, and 36, complete viral suppression rates were 41, 66, and 85% and HBeAg seroconversion rates were 4.8, 20, and 30%, respectively. No patients experienced adverse events or developed genotypic resistance to ETV.In clinical settings, ETV is highly tolerable and potent at suppressing hepatitis B viremia; however, the rates of HBeAg seroconversion appear to be much lower than those reported, highlighting the importance of appropriate counseling and planning for long-term therapy.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MEG.0b013e32835b3677

  View details for PubMedID 23169311

• Precore and basal core promoter mutations in Asian American patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS VuTien, P., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, K., Garcia, R. T., Nguyen, H. A., Levitt, B. S., Nguyen, L., Ha, N. B., Ahmed, A., Daugherty, T., Garcia, G., Nguyen, M. H. 2013; 37 (4): 464-472

  Abstract

  Prior studies have shown that precore mutations abolish and basal core promoter (BCP) mutations down-regulate hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) production. Thus, the presence of precore and BCP mutations in HBeAg-positive patients indicates an infection with a mixed viral population of wild-type and precore and/or BCP mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV). To date, there has been limited study of the prevalence and clinical significance of precore and BCP mutations in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B.To determine the prevalence, predictors and clinical characteristics of mixed wild-type and precore/BCP HBV infection, through a cross-sectional study, in a US cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis B.We conducted a retrospective study of 828 chronic hepatitis B patients with HBV genotype and mutation panel testing seen at three US gastroenterology and liver clinics from June 2005 to September 2009.A majority of our patients (92.3%) were either Vietnamese or Chinese American. In the HBeAg-positive cohort, 17% of patients had precore mutations only, 28% had BCP mutations only and 5% had both BCP and precore mutations. On multivariate analyses, HBV genotype C, increasing age, lower HBV DNA level and an ALT quotient >2 were independent predictors for the presence of precore and/or BCP mutations.The current distinction and management recommendations for HBeAg-positive vs. HBeAg-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B should be reassessed. Additional biomarkers and treatment endpoints should be studied for their usefulness in predicting continued viral suppression after treatment discontinuation.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/apt.12193

  View details for Web of Science ID 000313891900011

  View details for PubMedID 23278246

• Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in Noncirrhotic Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B and Patients With Cirrhosis of All Etiologies. Journal of clinical gastroenterology Do, A. L., Wong, C. R., Nguyen, L. H., Nguyen, V. G., Trinh, H., Nguyen, M. H. 2013

  Abstract

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes approximately a half million deaths annually with the majority related to chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and cirrhosis. Results on HCC incidence in CHB patients without cirrhosis are conflicting.This study aimed to examine HCC incidence in 2 high-risk groups: (1) patients with noncirrhotic CHB and 45 years of age or older; and (2) patients with cirrhosis of all etiologies and any age.Through electronic query using ICD-9 diagnosis codes for CHB and cirrhosis (070.32 and 571.5, respectively) between January 2001 and January 2008, a total of 949 patients with 12 months of follow-up or longer were identified and reviewed. Over 4231.5 person-years of observation, HCC developed in 15 of the 741 noncirrhotic CHB patients and 30 of the 208 cirrhotic patients. Male and female noncirrhotic CHB patients had significantly lower annual HCC incidences than those found in male and female patients with cirrhosis regardless of etiologies (0.7% vs. 4.1%, P<0.0001 and 0.1% vs. 2.7%, P<0.0001). Annual HCC incidence increased significantly with age in both sexes of noncirrhotic CHB patients. In noncirrhotic CHB patients, annual HCC incidence was very low in young females, but increased to 0.3% to 0.4% in females 55 years of age or older. An HCC incidence rate of 1.1% per year was seen in noncirrhotic CHB men aged 55 or older.Although annual HCC incidence in cirrhotic patients did not differ significantly among different age groups, rates among noncirrhotic patients were significantly higher in older patients and up to 1.1% in males above 55 years.

  View details for PubMedID 24201999

• Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among US Patients With Cirrhosis of Viral or Nonviral Etiologies CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY Mair, R. D., Valenzuela, A., Ha, N. B., Ayoub, W. S., Daugherty, T., Lutchman, G. A., Garcia, G., Ahmed, A., Nguyen, M. H. 2012; 10 (12): 1412-1417

  Abstract

  We aimed to identify risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis in the United States. We performed a prospective study to identify associations between etiologies of cirrhosis and ethnicity with HCC incidence.We used convenience sampling to select a cohort of 379 patients with cirrhosis who visited the liver clinic at the Stanford University Medical Center from 2001 to 2009 (65% male, 75% white or Hispanic, and 20% Asian). Study end points were HCC diagnosis by histology or noninvasive criteria, liver transplantation, or last screening without HCC. Patients were followed up, with ultrasound or computed tomographic imaging analyses and measurements of serum levels of ?-fetoprotein, approximately every 6 months, for a median time of 34 months (range, 6-99 mo).The etiologies of cirrhosis in the cohort were 68% hepatitis C, 7% hepatitis B, and 25% nonviral. Forty-four patients (12%) were diagnosed with HCC during the follow-up period. Patients with cirrhosis related to viral hepatitis had a statistically significantly higher incidence of HCC than those with nonviral diseases in Kaplan-Meier analysis (P = .04). There was no statistically significant difference in HCC incidence between Asian and non-Asian patients. In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model that included age, sex, ethnicity, etiology, and Child-Pugh-Turcotte score, viral cirrhosis was associated significantly with HCC, compared with nonviral cirrhosis (hazard ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-10.1; P = .02) but Asian ethnicity was not.In a diverse cohort of patients in the United States with cirrhosis, a viral etiology of cirrhosis was associated with increased incidence of HCC, but Asian ethnicity was not. These findings indicate the importance of cirrhosis etiology in determining risk for HCC.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.08.011

  View details for Web of Science ID 000312265900021

  View details for PubMedID 22902757

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3511850

• Tenofovir Monotherapy and Tenofovir Plus Entecavir Combination as Rescue Therapy for Entecavir Partial Responders DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES Yip, B., Chaung, K., Wong, C. R., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, H. A., Ahmed, A., Cheung, R., Nguyen, M. H. 2012; 57 (11): 3011-3016

  Abstract

  Despite high potency, a significant proportion of patients treated with entecavir achieve only partial viral suppression. Our goal was to examine the complete viral suppression rate (undetectable HBV DNA PCR levels) with alternative therapies in such patients.We retrospectively studied 42 consecutive patients with partial response to entecavir (detectable HBV DNA at ?12 months of therapy) who were treated at three clinics with rescue therapies: entecavir + adefovir (n = 5), tenofovir (n = 6), and entecavir + tenofovir (n = 31). Antiviral resistance was excluded by negative mutation analysis and/or absence of virologic breakthrough (increase >1 log(10)IU/mL from nadir).All patients were Asian and 57 % were male with a median age of 36 (22-64) years. Only a few patients had prior exposure to lamivudine (7 %) or adefovir (7 %). Almost all patients (95 %) had positive HBeAg. Overall, the complete viral suppression rate was 79 %, and the alanine aminotransferase normalization rate was 83 % in entecavir partial responders after 6 months on rescue therapies. Cumulative complete viral suppression rates were significantly different (P = 0.0164) among the entecavir + adefovir, tenofovir, and entecavir + tenofovir treatment groups at 6 months (20 vs. 83 vs. 83 %, respectively) and 12 months (20 vs. 100 vs. 97 %). All three patients without complete viral suppression on entecavir + adefovir became aviremic 6 months after switching to entecavir + tenofovir.Virologic response to entecavir + tenofovir combination therapy and tenofovir monotherapy appeared to be similar in most patients, but not with the entecavir + adefovir combination.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-012-2402-2

  View details for PubMedID 23010744

• High Frequency of Recurrent Viremia After Hepatitis B e Antigen Seroconversion and Consolidation Therapy JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY Chaung, K. T., Ha, N. B., Trinh, H. N., Garcia, R. T., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Garcia, G., Ahmed, A., Keeffe, E. B., Nguyen, M. H. 2012; 46 (10): 865-870

  Abstract

  The primary treatment endpoint for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B is HBeAg seroconversion; however, data on the durability of response are inconsistent.Our goal was to investigate the rate of recurrent viremia after HBeAg seroconversion and subsequent discontinuation of therapy.We retrospectively studied 88 consecutive Asian American patients who achieved HBeAg seroconversion [loss of HBeAg and development of antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe)] among 458 HBeAg-positive patients who received oral antiviral therapy at 3 US clinics between March 1998 and November 2010. Recurrent viremia was defined as reappearance of detectable serum hepatitis B virus DNA (>100 IU/mL) on 2 consecutive laboratory tests from previously undetectable levels.Antiviral medications used at the time of HBeAg seroconversion included: lamivudine (23%), adefovir (34%), entecavir (36%), tenofovir (4%), and combination therapy (3%). Antiviral therapy was continued after HBeAg seroconversion in 49 patients (group I) and discontinued in the other 39 patients after consolidation therapy [median=12 months (range, 1 to 55 mo)] (group II). No patients in group I experienced recurrent viremia, whereas 90% in group II did. Elevated alanine aminotransferase also occurred in 38% of group II patients [median peak alanine aminotransferase 249 IU/mL (range, 93 to 1070 IU/mL)].Despite consolidation therapy, almost all patients who discontinued therapy after achieving HBeAg seroconversion and complete viral suppression experienced recurrent viremia, and close to half also experienced biochemical flares. HBeAg seroconversion does not seem to be a durable treatment endpoint for many patients, and they should be monitored carefully for virologic relapse and biochemical flares if antiviral therapy is withdrawn.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MCG.0b013e31825ceed9

  View details for Web of Science ID 000312953400018

  View details for PubMedID 22941429

• Maintenance of Complete Viral Suppression (CVS) with Tenofovir (TDF) Monotherapy Following CVS with Entecavir (ETV) plus TDF Combination in Patients with Prior ETV Partial Response Chaung, K., Ha, N., Kin, K., Huy Trinh, Huy Nguyen, Mindie Nguyen NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2012: S187

  View details for Web of Science ID 000208839700449

• Clinical Characteristics and Treatment in Asian and Non-Asians with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Wantuck, J. M., Ha, N. B., Ahmed, A., Yip, B., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2012: 465A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000310955601561

• Treatment Tolerability in Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) Patients Treated with Pegylated Interferon (PEG IFN) and Ribavirin (RBV) Plus Telaprevir (TVR) versus Boceprevir (BOC) Ha, N., Vo, K., Wantuck, J., Ahmed, A., Mindie Nguyen NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2012: S183?S184

  View details for Web of Science ID 000208839700439

• Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Caused by Non-Viral Etiologies Is Associated with Higher Stage at Presentation Wantuck, J., Ha, N., Ahmed, A., Mindie Nguyen NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2012: S189?S190

  View details for Web of Science ID 000208839700455

• Undertreatment of Asian Chronic Hepatitis B Patients on the Basis of Standard Guidelines: A Community-Based Study DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES Zhang, S., Ristau, J. T., Trinh, H. N., Garcia, R. T., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, M. H. 2012; 57 (5): 1373-1383

  Abstract

  Previous studies have found that a major proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) do not receive antiviral therapy. The objective of this study was to characterize treatment eligibility on the basis of current guidelines, determine whether eligible patients actually receive treatment, and examine associated predictors.We conducted a retrospective study of patients who were evaluated for CHB at two community gastroenterology clinics between April 2007 and February 2009. Using criteria published by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) in 2007-2009 and by a panel of US hepatologists (US Panel) in 2006-2008, treatment eligibility was determined for the patients.Of 612 consecutive CHB patients included, mean age was 44 ± 13 years, 54 % were male, and 99 % were Asian. Half (51 %) were eligible for treatment on the basis of the US Panel algorithm and 47 % of these patients also met AASLD treatment criteria. Overall, antiviral therapy was initiated for 50 % of eligible patients: 72 % of AASLD-eligible patients and 29 % of patients who were US Panel-eligible only. Independent predictors for actual treatment initiation were higher ALT for AASLD-eligible patients and higher ALT and older age for patients who were US Panel-eligible only. The leading reasons for nontreatment were further observation recommended by the physician, followed by loss of follow-up and patient refusal.Approximately half of the CHB patients evaluated at community referral clinics met treatment criteria of at least one guideline; however, only about half received antiviral therapy within 12 months of presentation. Further studies are needed to optimize treatment of eligible CHB patients.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-012-2137-0

  View details for Web of Science ID 000303385100034

  View details for PubMedID 22466077

• Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: a case-control study CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL Ha, N. B., Ha, N. B., Ahmed, A., Ayoub, W., Daugherty, T. J., Chang, E. T., Lutchman, G. A., Garcia, G., Cooper, A. D., Keeffe, E. B., Nguyen, M. H. 2012; 23 (3): 455-462

  Abstract

  The majority of data on risk factors (RFs) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) comes from studies involving populations without underlying liver disease. It is important to evaluate RFs for HCC in patients with chronic liver disease since HCC rarely occurs in those without underlying liver disease. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study of 259 incident HCC cases and 781 controls by convenience sampling between 02/2001 and 12/2009 from the liver clinic at Stanford University Medical Center. The study population was 41% White, 14% Hispanic, 3% African American, 40% Asian American, and 2% other race/ethnicity. RFs were examined through medical records and an in-person questionnaire. Alcohol and tobacco use was calculated by cumulative grams of alcohol or cumulative pack(s) of cigarette consumed over one's lifetime. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was defined by random glucose level of ?200 mg/dL. RFs were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. Independent predictors of HCC risk, after mutual adjustment and additional control for alcohol use, etiology of liver diseases, and DM, included age >40 (OR = 8.5 [2.6-28.3]), male gender (OR = 3.5 [2.2-5.8]), presence of cirrhosis (OR = 2.8 [1.6-4.9]), Asian ethnicity (OR = 2.8 [1.8-4.6]), AFP > 50 (OR = 4.2 [2.6-6.8]), and cumulative lifetime tobacco use of >11,000 packs (OR = 1.7 [1.0-2.9]). Heavy prolonged cigarette smoking, but not alcohol use, was a significant independent predictor for HCC in patients with underlying liver disease. Besides older age, male gender, presence of cirrhosis, and elevated AFP, Asian ethnicity and heavy cumulative tobacco use are strong independent predictors of HCC.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10552-012-9895-z

  View details for Web of Science ID 000300891100006

  View details for PubMedID 22258434

• Prospective study of risk factors for hepatitis C virus acquisition by Caucasian, Hispanic, and Asian American patients JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS Ho, E. Y., Ha, N. B., Ahmed, A., Ayoub, W., Daugherty, T., Garcia, G., Cooper, A., Keeffe, E. B., Nguyen, M. H. 2012; 19 (2): E105-E111

  Abstract

  Commonly known risk factors for infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) include blood transfusion, injection drug use, intranasal cocaine use, and body tattoos. We hypothesized that Asian Americans infected with HCV may not identify with these established risk factors present in Caucasians and Hispanics, and our aim was to conduct a survey of risk factors in HCV-infected patients in these ethnic groups. In this prospective study, 494 patients infected with HCV completed a detailed risk assessment questionnaire at a liver centre in Northern California from 2001 to 2008. Among subjects participating in this study, 55% identified themselves as Caucasian, 20% as Hispanic, and 25% as Asian. Asian Americans were older, less likely to smoke or consume alcohol, and have a family history of cancer compared with Caucasians and Hispanics. The laboratory profiles were similar, and genotype 1 was the most common infection in all groups (74-75%). The great majority of Caucasians (94%) and Hispanics (86%) identified with commonly known risk factors, which was in contrast to 67% of Asians (P < 0.0001). The most common risk factors in Asians were blood transfusions (50%) and acupuncture (50%). Furthermore, 74% of Caucasians and 66% of Hispanics identified more than one major risk factor, while only 20% of Asians reported having more than one risk factor (P < 0.0001). Survey for established risk factors for acquisition of HCV may be more appropriate for risk assessment of Caucasians and Hispanics, but not for Asian Americans. These findings may guide the development of HCV screening in our increasingly diverse population.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01513.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000299097400014

  View details for PubMedID 22239506

• Ethnic differences in viral dominance patterns in patients with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus dual infection Hepatology Nguyen LH, Nguyen MH 2012; 55: 1640
• High Rate of Complete Viral Suppression With Combination Therapy in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B and Prior Treatment Failure JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY Wong, C. R., Trinh, H. N., Yip, B., Nguyen, H. A., Garcia, R. T., Ahmed, A., Keeffe, E. B., Nguyen, M. H. 2011; 45 (10): 900-905

  Abstract

  Combination therapy for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is recommended for patients with antiviral resistance (AVR) or partial response (PR) to earlier antiviral therapy; however, data on outcomes are limited.To determine the rate of complete viral suppression (CVS) with combination therapy and to compare CVS among different indications and treatment regimens.A cohort of 109 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis B from 3 liver clinics in Northern California was retrospectively studied. All patients started combination therapy between April 2004 and August 2009 for the following indications: AVR (n = 29), PR (n = 60), or others (n = 20). Combination treatments included lamivudine (LAM), adefovir (ADV), telbivudine (LdT), entecavir (ETV), tenofovir (TDF), and emtricitabine (FTC). CVS was defined as undetectable serum HBV DNA <100 IU/mL.Among the patients, who were nearly all Asian (99%), 73% had ? 2 prior treatments and 82% had treatment failure (AVR or PR). Median treatment duration of combination therapy was 21 months (range, 6 to 50 mo). The majority (77%) achieved CVS after 6 months of various combination regimens: 80% for ETV+TDF, 76% for TDF+LAM or FTC or LdT, 75% for ETV+ADV, and 69% for ADV+LAM or LdT (P = 0.86). After 6 months of therapy, CVS was observed in a similar proportion of patients treated for PR and AVR (72% and 74%, respectively).Although the majority of 109 treatment-experienced patients had prior treatment failure, high rates of CVS were rapidly achieved and did not significantly differ between indications of AVR and PR or between ETV-based and TDF-based regimens.

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318224d64f

  View details for PubMedID 21778896

• The efficacy of entecavir therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients with suboptimal response to adevofir ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS SHEEN, E., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, T. T., Do, S. T., Tran, P., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Garcia, R. T., Nguyen, M. H. 2011; 34 (7): 767-774

  Abstract

  An increasing number of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have experienced treatment failure to adefovir (ADV) and their management poses a growing challenge. Very limited data are available on the efficacy of entecavir (ETV) in patients previously treated with ADV.To examine the effect of ETV monotherapy on HBV DNA and ALT levels in CHB patients previously treated with ADV, but switched to ETV due to suboptimal response.Study candidates were enrolled from five community gastroenterology clinics in the U.S. Each completed at least 12 months of ETV treatment after being previously treated with ADV and experiencing suboptimal response. Primary and secondary outcome measurements were complete viral suppression (CVS, HBV DNA <100 IU/mL) and biochemical response (BR, ALT < 40 U/L), respectively.A total of 60 patients were included in this analysis. Twelve were lamivudine (LAM)-experienced and none were LAM-resistant. At time of switch to ETV, no patients had experienced CVS. The CVS rate was 68% after 12 months of ETV therapy. The BR rate was 67% at switch to ETV and 80% after 12 months. There was no significant difference in response rates between LAM-experienced and naïve patients. Among the eight patients with ADV resistance, each achieved CVS after 12 months of ETV therapy and seven achieved BR.In patients with suboptimal response to adefovir, complete viral suppression and biochemical response can be achieved in the majority by 12 months after switching to entecavir, including patients with prior exposure to lamivudine and those with adefovir resistance.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04785.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000294571200008

  View details for PubMedID 21806648

• Adefovir (ADV) Partial Response in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB): Switch Versus Add-On Therapy 76th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology Yip, B., Huy Trinh, H., Khanh Nguyen, K., Huy Nguyen, H., Garcia, R., Keeffe, E., Ahmed, A., Mindie Nguyen, M. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2011: S108?S108

  View details for Web of Science ID 000299772000275

• Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection in Asian American Patients: A Case-Control Study 76th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology Kin, K., Lin, B., Chaung, K., Nghiem Ha, N., Huy Trinh, H., Garcia, R., Huy Nguyen, H., Khanh Nguyen, K., Levitt, B., da Silveira, E., Mindie Nguyen, M. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2011: S104?S104

  View details for Web of Science ID 000299772000263

• Efficacy and Tolerability of Entecavir (ETV) after Liver Transplantation (LT) for Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Kin, K., Nghiem Ha, Ayoub, W., Daugherty, T., Keeffe, E., Mindie Nguyen, Aijaz, A. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2011: S107?S108

  View details for Web of Science ID 000299772000274

• Incidence and Predictors of Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Following Partial Hepatectomy 76th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology Vergara, A. M., Gallo, A., Nghiem Ha, N., Bonham, C., Esquivel, C., Concepcion, W., Melcher, M., Daugherty, T., Ayoub, W., Lutchman, G., Ahmed, A., Mindie Nguyen, M. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2011: S103?S104

  View details for Web of Science ID 000299772000262

• Systematic review: epidemiology of hepatitis C genotype 6 and its management ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Chao, D. T., Abe, K., Nguyen, M. H. 2011; 34 (3): 286-296

  Abstract

  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 6 is common among patients from Southeast Asia and the surrounding regions, where HCV prevalence is also high. HCV genotype 6 has great genetic diversity and different response to antiviral therapy compared with the more commonly known genotype 1.Our goal was to provide a systematic review of the current literature on the epidemiology, classification and treatment of HCV genotype 6.A search using PubMed for 'hepatitis C' AND 'genotype 6' produced a total of 47 articles, of which 33 articles were found to be relevant and included in this review. Additional articles were identified using the reference lists of these 33 primary articles.The prevalence of HCV genotype 6 is estimated to be as high as 50% in some regions of Southeast Asia with demonstrated significance among intravenous drug users and thalassemia major patients. Although previous line probe assays may have misclassified HCV genotype 6 as genotype 1, newer line probe assays can more accurately and reliably determine HCV genotype. Patients infected with HCV genotype 6 respond better to interferon-based therapy compared with those infected with genotype 1, although patient baseline clinical characteristics and side effect profiles are similar between HCV genotype 6 and other HCV genotypes.Future studies should seek to clarify issues regarding early predictors for treatment response in patients with HCV genotype 6, and the impact of ethnic and genotypic factors to treatment response in HCV genotype 6 patients.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04714.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000292394800003

  View details for PubMedID 21623850

• Medication Nonadherence with Long-Term Management of Patients with Hepatitis B e antigen-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES Ha, N. B., Ha, N. B., Garcia, R. T., Trinh, H. N., Chaung, K. T., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Levitt, B. S., Nguyen, M. H. 2011; 56 (8): 2423-2431

  Abstract

  Antiviral treatment responses for patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are well-defined by data from registration trials but may differ from patients seen in community settings where medical adherence is usually not as strictly monitored. The goal of this study was to examine the long-term outcomes of HBeAg-negative patients in a community clinical setting.We performed a cohort study of 189 consecutive treatment-naïve patients with CHB who were treated with either entecavir (ETV) 0.5 mg daily (n=107) or adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg daily (n=82) from 2002 to 2009 at two community clinics.All patients were Asians. Both ETV and ADV cohorts had similar median baseline ALT and HBV DNA levels. By year 4, a similar proportion of ETV and ADV patients who remained on monotherapy achieved complete viral suppression (91-96%); however, more patients in the ADV cohort required alternative therapy (27 vs. 5%). No patients in the ETV cohort developed resistance while 18% of the ADV cohort did. Cumulative nonadherence rates were 10 and 12% in ADV and ETV cohorts, respectively.Failure to monotherapy in a community clinical setting is due to both antiviral resistance and patient nonadherence. Medication nonadherence is likely to be a more important contributor to treatment failure than antiviral resistance, especially with new anti-HBV agents such as ETV and tenofovir.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-011-1610-5

  View details for Web of Science ID 000293296100032

  View details for PubMedID 21327918

• The Importance of the Definition of Early Virological Response for Predicting Treatment Efficacy for Chronic Hepatitis C Reply HEPATOLOGY Nguyen, M., Lam, K. 2011; 53 (4): 1403

  View details for DOI 10.1002/hep.24225

  View details for Web of Science ID 000289419600040

• Relationship between HBsAg seroconversion and hepatocellular carcinoma J Clin Gastroenterol Lutchman G, Nguyen MH 2011; 45: 64-68
• Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma After HBsAg Clearance Age Before Cirrhosis? JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY Lutchman, G. A., Nguyen, M. A. 2011; 45 (1): 4-5

  View details for DOI 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181faf0d1

  View details for Web of Science ID 000285290700002

  View details for PubMedID 21063212

• Early virologic response in HCV genotype 6 Hepatology Lam KD, Nguyen MH 2011; 53: 1403
• The role of steatosis in HBV infection Curr Hepat Rep Lim JK, Nguyen MH 2011; 10: 134-141
• Hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase sequence variant database for sequence analysis and mutation discovery ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH Rhee, S., Margeridon-Thermet, S., Nguyen, M. H., Liu, T. F., Kagan, R. M., Beggel, B., Verheyen, J., Kaiser, R., Shafer, R. W. 2010; 88 (3): 269-275

  Abstract

  Drug resistance resulting from reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations is one of the main obstacles to successful hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapy. Indeed, HBV treatment guidelines recommend HBV genotypic resistance testing for patients receiving nucleos(t)ide RT inhibitors (N(t)RTIs) who develop virological failure. N(t)RTI-resistance mutations at 10 RT positions have been well characterized in phenotypic studies, however, data are lacking on the relative frequency of these mutations in N(t)RTI-treated and untreated individuals. There are also few published data on the extent of amino acid variation at most of the 344 positions of HBV RT and the extent to which this variation is influenced by N(t)RTI treatment. We retrieved 23,871 HBV RT sequences from GenBank and reviewed the published reports of these sequences to ascertain the number of individuals from whom the sequences were obtained, the N(t)RTI treatments of these individuals, and the year and region of virus sampling. We then used these data to populate a relational database we named HBVrtDB. As of July 2010, HBVrtDB contained 6811 sequences from 3869 individuals reported in 281 references. Among these 3869 individuals, 73% were N(t)RTI-naïve and 27% received one or more N(t)RTIs. Among the 10 well-characterized N(t)RTI-resistance mutations, L80I/V, V173L, L180M, A181T, T184S, S202G and M204I/V were significantly associated with treatment with lamivudine, an l-nucleoside analog, and A181S/T/V and N236T were significantly associated with treatment with adefovir, an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate. A similar analysis of ten additional less well-characterized resistance mutations demonstrated a significant association with N(t)RTI treatment for four of the mutations: L82M, S85A, A200V, and Q215S. We also created an interactive program, HBVseq, to enable users to identify mutations in submitted sequences and retrieve the prevalence of these mutations in HBVrtDB according to genotype and N(t)RTI treatment. HBVrtDB and HBVseq are available at http://hivdb.stanford.edu/HBV/releaseNotes/.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.09.012

  View details for Web of Science ID 000285660300004

  View details for PubMedID 20875460

• Response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin in Asian American patients with Chronic hepatitis C genotypes 1 vs 2/3 vs 6 JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS Nguyen, N. H., VuTien, P., Garcia, R. T., Trinh, H., Nguyen, H., Nguyen, K., Levitt, B., Nguyen, M. H. 2010; 17 (10): 691-697

  Abstract

  Chronic hepatitis C is generally underappreciated in Asian Americans, and most pivotal studies were conducted in western countries and only included a small numbers of Asian patients. Our goal was to examine and compare treatment outcomes in these patients with genotypes 1 vs 2/3 vs 6. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 167 consecutive treatment-naïve Asian American patients treated with pegylated interferon (PEG IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) at two community clinics in Northern California from 12/00 to 1/08. Primary outcome was sustained virological response rate by intention-to-treat analysis. The overall completion rate was 76%, and treatment adherence (completion of ? 75-80% PEG IFN + RBV dose for ? 75-80% of intended duration) was 74%. Significant depression was noted in only 4% of patients. Sustained virologic response in patients with genotype 6 treated for 48 weeks was similar to that seen in those with genotype 2/3 (74%vs 75%, P = 0.89) and significantly higher than those with genotype 1 (74%vs 49%, P = 0.016). On multivariate analysis inclusive of sex, age, body mass index (? 25 vs > 25) and viral load, only treatment adherence and genotype (2/3 and 6 treated for 48 weeks) were found to be significant predictors of sustained virologic response. We conclude that significant depression is rare in Asian American patients (4%). Patients with genotype 6 treated for 48 weeks appear to have a similar treatment response rate as patients with genotype 2/3 and a significantly higher response rate than those with genotype 1.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01226.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000281829900003

  View details for PubMedID 20002562

• RESPONSE TO HIGHER DOSE OF ENTECAVIR (ETV) 1.0 MG DAILY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) AND PARTIAL RESPONSE TO ETV 0.5 MG DAILY Ha, N. B., Trinh, H. N., Ha, N. B., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K., Nguyen, M. H. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2010: 535A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000288775600437

• Risk factors, genotype 6 prevalence, and clinical characteristics of chronic hepatitis C in Southeast Asian Americans HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL Nguyen, N. H., Vutien, P., Trinh, H. N., Garcia, R. T., Nguyen, L. H., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Nguyen, M. H. 2010; 4 (2): 523-529

  Abstract

  Although infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects 32 million individuals from Southeast Asia, little is known about the mode of HCV acquisition and the epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in these individuals. Our goal was to examine risk factors for HCV acquisition, prevalence, and clinical characteristics of HCV genotype 6 compared with genotypes 1 and 2/3 in Southeast Asian (SEA) patients.We performed a cross-sectional study of 308 consecutive SEA Americans with CHC evaluated by five gastroenterologists from January 2000 to December 2008 at two community clinics in northern California via medical record review, using a case report form.A significant proportion of patients (41%) could not recall any specific risk factors for HCV acquisition. The most commonly reported risk factor in patients who reported at least one risk factor was history of surgeries (34%), followed by blood transfusion (25%) and acupuncture (13%). Among patients with core sequence testing for HCV genotype (n = 181), the most common HCV genotypes were genotype 1 (42%) and genotype 6 (41%), followed by genotype 2/3 (17%). There were no major differences in the clinical and virological characteristics between the different genotype groups (1 vs. 2/3 vs. 6).HCV genotype 6 is as common as genotype 1 in SEAs. Commonly known risk factors for HCV acquisition were not readily identifiable in a large proportion of SEA Americans (41%) and may not be useful in identifying at-risk individuals for HCV screening in this population.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s12072-010-9181-7

  View details for Web of Science ID 000279503500008

  View details for PubMedID 20827411

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2900557

• Similar Treatment Response to Peginterferon and Ribavirin in Asian and Caucasian Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Vutien, P., Nguyen, N. H., Trinh, H. N., Li, J., Garcia, R. T., Garcia, G., Nguyen, K. K., Nguyen, H. A., Levitt, B. S., Keeffe, E. B., Nguyen, M. H. 2010; 105 (5): 1110-1115

  Abstract

  Previous studies have found ethnicity to be an important predictor of outcomes of treatment with peginterferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) in chronic hepatitis C. Although the expected sustained virological response (SVR) rates of Hispanics and African Americans are lower than those of Caucasians, SVR rates in Asians appear to be more favorable. However, in some of these studies, hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype was identified by INNO-LiPA assay, which can mistype the easier-to-treat HCV genotype 6 as genotype 1. Our goal was to compare SVR rates among Caucasian and Asian-American patients with genotype 1 and 2/3 infection whose HCV genotypes were accurately classified by core sequencing testing.A cohort of 269 consecutive treatment-naive HCV-infected patients with genotype 1 or 2/3 (157 Caucasians and 112 Asians) treated with PEG-IFN+RBV from January 2001 to November 2007 at four community-based gastroenterology clinics in Northern California were studied. The analysis of data was by intention-to-treat.The SVR rates for patients with genotype 1 were 45% for Caucasians and 52% for Asians (P=0.37). The SVR rates for patients with genotype 2/3 infection was 77% for Asians and 74% for Caucasians (P=0.7). On multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), baseline viral load, HCV genotype, and treatment adherence, we did not find Asian ethnicity to predict SVR. On a separate analysis, we found that Asians who had HCV genotype 1 or 1b by the less accurate INNO-LiPA assay had significantly higher SVR rates than Caucasians with genotype 1 (64% vs. 45%, respectively, P=0.03).SVR rates were similar in Asian Americans and Caucasians infected with HCV genotype 1 or 2/3 when HCV genotype classification was accurately determined.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/ajg.2009.635

  View details for PubMedID 19904247

• Histologic Disease in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B, HIgh HBV DNA, and Normal Alanine Aminotransferase Levels Curr Hepat Rep Lim JK, Ayoub WS, Nguyen MH 2010; 9: 65-74
• Hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase mutation search engine for queries (HBVseq): an online database and program for sequence analysis and mutation discovery Rhee, S. Y., Margeridon-Thermet, S., Liu, T. F., Nguyen, M. H., Kagan, R. M., Shafer, R. W. INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD. 2010: A107

  View details for Web of Science ID 000280215800106

• Adherence to Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Patients with Cirrhosis or Chronic Hepatitis B in a Community Setting DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES Wong, C. R., Garcia, R. T., Trinh, H. N., Lam, K. D., Ha, N. B., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Levitt, B. S., Nguyen, M. H. 2009; 54 (12): 2712-2721

  Abstract

  Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been shown to improve survival via earlier cancer detection. Although HCC screening is considered standard of care in the USA, little is known of the adherence to this practice, especially in a community setting.Our primary goal was to evaluate adherence to HCC screening and to find predictors of screening adherence in a community setting. Our secondary objective was to determine the impact of screening on survival.We studied a cohort of 557 consecutive patients at high risk for HCC: patients with cirrhosis and older chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients without cirrhosis (?45 years old). Patients initiated screening 1/2001-1/2005 and were monitored ?12 months to 12/2008 in two community gastroenterology clinics in Northern California. HCC screening was categorized into four groups based on combined frequency of serum alpha-fetoprotein and imaging: optimal, suboptimal, poor, and no screening.About 40.6% of our cohort received poor or no screening. Noncirrhotic CHB patients had worse screening than cirrhotic patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with a greater number of clinical visits per year were 3.4 times more likely to have regular screening than patients with fewer clinical visits per year (P<0.001). There was a trend for association between HCC screening and greater access to curative treatment.Since more frequent clinic visits is a strong independent predictor of improved screening adherence, regular routine clinic visits may help improve adherence to HCC screening, which may also lead to improved clinical outcomes.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-009-1015-x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000271923300025

  View details for PubMedID 19876735

• Prevalence of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase mutations in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Nguyen, M. H., Garcia, R. T., Trinh, H. N., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Nguyen, L. H., Levitt, B. 2009; 30 (11-12): 1150-1158

  Abstract

  One of the most important factors in treatment failure using nucleos(t)ide analogues in chronic hepatitis B is anti-viral resistance. Primary drug resistance refers to amino acid changes in the hepatitis B virus polymerase/reverse transcriptase (rt) that result in reduced susceptibility to anti-viral agents. Pre-existing drug resistance mutations may occur in untreated patients and may affect their treatment outcomes.To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B DNA polymerase mutations in treatment-naïve patients.We used a direct PCR sequencing test to detect DNA polymerase mutations in 472 consecutive treatment-naïve patients at two community gastroenterology clinics in Northern California.A majority of patients were Asians (>95%), had either genotype B or C (95%) and had no evidence of cirrhosis or liver cancer (94%). Mean age was 45 +/- 13 and mean hepatitis B virus DNA was 5.3 +/- 1.8 log(10) IU/mL. Most patients did not have any detectable mutations (82.4%). Some (16.7%) had mutations of unknown clinical significance (rtV207M/L/I) and only 4 patients had rtA181A/S, rtA194S or M250I.No rtM204V/I or rtN236T mutations were observed in our study. Less than 1% of our patients had mutations that can be associated with primary resistance to existing anti-viral therapies for hepatitis B virus.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04151.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000271465300007

  View details for PubMedID 19785624

• Combination of pharmacologic and endoscopic therapy for the secondary prevention of esophageal variceal bleeding GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY Ayoub, W. S., Nguyen, M. H. 2009; 70 (4): 665-667

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gie.2009.05.035

  View details for Web of Science ID 000270527300011

  View details for PubMedID 19788982

• ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN AND DES-GAMMA CARBOXYPROTHROMBIN ARE INDEPENDENT PREDICTORS OF EARLY STAGE HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA Marrero, J., Schwartz, M. E., Nguyen, M. H., Befeler, A., Reddy, K., Roberts, L. R., Harnois, D. M., Wang, Y., Wagner, P., Feng, Z. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC. 2009: 1091A?1092A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000270456001693

• Prevalence of hepatitis B virus genotype B in Vietnamese patients with chronic hepatitis B HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL Nguyen, L. H., Ha, N. B., Vutien, P., Ha, N. B., Garcia, R. T., Trinh, H. N., Levitt, B. S., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, K. K., Keeffe, E. B., Nguyen, M. H. 2009; 3 (3): 461-467

  Abstract

  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes can affect treatment response to interferon-based therapy and disease outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Little data exist to characterize HBV genotypes in Vietnamese, one of the largest minority groups in the United States and also one with one of the highest CHB and liver cancer disease burdens. The goal of this study was to compare the distribution of HBV genotypes in Vietnamese and Chinese patients.We performed a cross-sectional study of 567 consecutive patients of Vietnamese (n = 478) or Chinese (n = 89) descent, with HBV genotype mutation analysis performed between 7/2,005 and 6/2,008 at a community gastroenterology clinic and a university-affiliated liver clinic in the United States.There were no significant differences between the Vietnamese and Chinese groups in mean age (45 and 44 years), gender (58% and 61% male), HBeAg status (64% and 65% negative), median alanine aminotransferase (33 and 41 U/L), and log(10) HBV DNA (4.9 and 5.0 log(10) IU/ml), or the prevalence of precore/basic core promoter mutations (72% and 71%), respectively. Vietnamese patients had a much higher prevalence of HBV genotype B and a lower prevalence of genotype C than Chinese patients: 74% and 25% vs. 55% and 43% (P = 0.001).Chinese patients with CHB often carry either B or C genotype. Vietnamese patients with CHB mostly have HBV genotype B. Additional studies are needed to further characterize the clinical significance of HBV genotype in the natural history and treatment outcomes of CHB in Vietnamese patients.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s12072-009-9141-2

  View details for Web of Science ID 000268872300006

  View details for PubMedID 19669244

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2748380

• alpha-Fetoprotein, Des-gamma Carboxyprothrombin, and Lectin-Bound alpha-Fetoprotein in Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma GASTROENTEROLOGY Marrero, J. A., Feng, Z., Wang, Y., Nguyen, M. H., Befeler, A. S., Roberts, L. R., Reddy, K. R., Harnois, D., Llovet, J. M., Normolle, D., Dalhgren, J., Chia, D., Lok, A. S., Wagner, P. D., Srivastava, S., Schwartz, M. 2009; 137 (1): 110-118

  Abstract

  Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely used as a surveillance test for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with cirrhosis. Des-gamma carboxy-prothrombin (DCP) and lectin-bound AFP (AFP-L3%) are potential surveillance tests for HCC. The aims of this study were to determine performance of DCP and AFP-L3% for the diagnosis of early HCC; whether they complement AFP; and what factors affect DCP, AFP-L3%, or AFP levels.We conducted a large phase 2 biomarker case-control study in 7 academic medical centers in the United States. Controls were patients with compensated cirrhosis and cases were patients with HCC. AFP, DCP, and AFP-L3% levels were measured blinded to clinical data in a central reference laboratory.A total of 836 patients were enrolled: 417 (50%) were cirrhosis controls and 419 (50%) were HCC cases, of which 208 (49.6%) had early stage HCC (n = 77 very early, n = 131 early). AFP had the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77-0.84), followed by DCP (0.72, 95% CI: 0.68-0.77) and AFP-L3% (0.66, 95% CI: 0.62-0.70) for early stage HCC. The optimal AFP cutoff value was 10.9 ng/mL leading to a sensitivity of 66%. When only those with very early HCC were evaluated, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for AFP was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.72-0.85) leading to a sensitivity of 65% at the same cutoff.AFP was more sensitive than DCP and AFP-L3% for the diagnosis of early and very early stage HCC at a new cutoff of 10.9 ng/mL.

  View details for DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.04.005

  View details for Web of Science ID 000267410100021

  View details for PubMedID 19362088

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2704256

• Clinical course of hepatitis B virus infection during pregnancy ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Nguyen, G., Garcia, R. T., Nguyen, N., Trinh, H., Keeffe, E. B., Nguyen, M. H. 2009; 29 (7): 755-764

  Abstract

  For women with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, little is known about the natural progression of the disease during pregnancy or its impact on pregnancy outcomes.To investigate the natural progression of HBV infection during pregnancy or its impact on pregnancy outcomes.In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed medical records of all patients who were pregnant and presented with HBsAg-positivity between 2000 and 2008 at a community gastroenterology practice and a university hepatology clinic. Maternal characteristics were analysed according to maternal and perinatal outcomes.A total of 29 cases with at least 2 measurements of either HBV DNA or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were included. Older age was the only predictor of a trend towards higher risk of an adverse clinical outcome [OR = 1.21 (0.97-1.51), P = 0.089], defined as either a negative foetal outcome (premature delivery, spontaneous abortion), or a negative maternal outcomes (gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, hepatic flare, liver failure). This trend for age remained even after adjusting for baseline ALT. Baseline serum HBV DNA, ALT, hepatitis B e antigen status, gravida and parity were not significant predictors for adverse clinical outcomes. Four patients developed liver failure.Maternal and neonatal outcomes are highly variable in this clinic-based patient cohort. Severe complications due to HBV infection can occur during pregnancy in previously asymptomatic patients. It is unclear how generalizable the results observed in this cohort would be to the general population; therefore, further studies are needed to identify reliable predictors for significant adverse outcomes and until more data are available, pregnant patients with HBV infection should be monitored with periodic serum HBV DNA and ALT levels.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.03932.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000263908900006

  View details for PubMedID 19183158

• Chronic hepatitis B: early viral suppression and long-term outcomes of therapy with oral nucleos(t)ides JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS Nguyen, M. H., Keeffe, E. B. 2009; 16 (3): 149-155

  Abstract

  Chronic hepatitis B is a serious health problem worldwide with a substantial minority of patients experiencing premature death due to end-stage liver disease and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Antiviral therapy may help prevent complications of chronic hepatitis B, and seven agents are currently approved in many countries. Of these agents, five are nucleos(t)ide analogs that all have a risk of antiviral drug resistance with long-term use. Efforts have been made in the recent years to prevent or to reduce the risk of viral resistance in patients treated with oral nucleos(t)ides as the majority of these patients will require therapy for 3-5 years or longer. One approach is to identify patients who would most likely develop antiviral resistance on long-term therapy using predictors obtainable early in the course of treatment, when intervention with new or additional therapy can be instituted. The most important predictors of treatment outcomes are serum HBV DNA levels at baseline and during the first 6 months of therapy. The purpose of this synopsis is to review the recent literature regarding the importance of serum HBV DNA levels in association with treatment outcomes in chronic hepatitis B, particularly the association of complete viral suppression early in the course of oral therapy with long-term treatment outcomes, particularly the incidence of antiviral drug resistance.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01078.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000263302200001

  View details for PubMedID 19236641

• Hepatitis C virus and cancers: How strong are the relationships? Curr Hepat Rep Lutchman G, Nguyen MH 2009; 8: 141-147
• Prevalence of Colorectal Neoplasms in Asian Americans DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES Lam, K. D., Garcia, R. T., Nguyen, L. H., Trinh, H., Triadafilopoulos, G., Phan, J. T., Nguyen, K., Nguyen, H., Ahmed, A., Nguyen, M. H. 2009; 54 (1): 160-167

  Abstract

  To determine the yield of colonoscopy in a predominantly Asian American gastroenterology practice in California from 8/2003 to 2/2005.A total 2,723 subjects were included: 87% were Asian and 13% were non-Asian. Advanced neoplasia prevalence was 12% in Asian men and 9% in non-Asian men (P = 0.21), and 8% and 7% in women (P = 0.62). Similar results were found in asymptomatic patients (13% and 13%, P = 0.99, for men; 8% and 6%, P = 0.46, for women). Factors associated with presence of advanced neoplasia were total number of polyps and presence of right-sided lesions. Asian men were more likely to have neoplasia overall compared with non-Asian men with odds ratio (OR) of 2.14 (1.23-3.72); however, there were no significant differences in the prevalences of advanced neoplasia in the two groups.Colorectal neoplasia is as prevalent in Asian Americans and preventive guidelines for colorectal cancer should also be advocated for this ethnic group.

  View details for DOI 10.1007/s10620-008-0499-0

  View details for PubMedID 18975084

• Are Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg)-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B and HBeAg-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Distinct Diseases? CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES Nguyen, M. H., Keeffe, E. B. 2008; 47 (10): 1312-1314

  View details for DOI 10.1086/592571

  View details for Web of Science ID 000260078800010

  View details for PubMedID 18840075

• Long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B patients initially treated with adefovir dipivoxil in a community practice Ha, N., Ha, N., Garcia, R., Trinh, H., Nguyen, H., Nguyen, K., Levitt, B., Nguyen, N., Nguyen, M. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2008: S151?S152

  View details for Web of Science ID 000259145200391

• Risk factors (Rfs), novel genotypes, and treatment outcomes in Southeast Asians (Seas) with chronic hepatitis C Nguyen, N., Vutien, P., Trinh, H., Garcia, R., Nguyen, L., Nguyen, H., Nguyen, K., Levitt, B., Ha, N., Nguyen, M. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2008: S150

  View details for Web of Science ID 000259145200387

• Low proportion of Barrett's esophagus in Asian Americans AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Lam, K. D., Phan, J. T., Garcia, R. T., Trinh, H., Nguyen, H., Nguyen, K., Triadafilopoulos, G., Vutien, P., Nguyen, L., Nguyen, M. H. 2008; 103 (7): 1625-1630

  Abstract

  To determine the proportion of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in Asians versus non-Asians and the predictors of BE in patients with upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.We performed a cross-sectional study to determine the proportion of BE from all consecutive patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for various indications at an outpatient, community-based gastroenterology practice in northern California from February 2000 to September 2006. BE was defined as endoscopically recognized presence of salmon-pink mucosa in the distal esophagus and intestinal metaplasia on biopsy. We also performed a nested case-control study to determine potential predictors of BE.In total, 5,293 patients were reviewed. BE was more common in non-Asians (31/1464, 2.1%) than Asians (29/3829, 0.76%) (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis controlling for increasing age, male gender, ethnicity, smoking, and alcohol, the strongest predictor of the presence of BE was non-Asian ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] 3.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85-6.85), followed by male gender (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.32-5.45).BE is uncommon in Asian Americans; non-Asian ethnicity and male gender are significant independent predictors of BE.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01891.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000257693900008

  View details for PubMedID 18557711

• Significant prevalence of histologic disease in patients with chronic hepatitis B and mildly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY Tsang, P. S., Trinh, H., Garcia, R. T., Phan, J. T., Ha, N. B., Nguyen, H., Nguyen, K., Keeffe, E. B., Nguyen, M. H. 2008; 6 (5): 569-574

  Abstract

  Serum ALT remains the most accessible test available to clinicians for monitoring chronic hepatitis B virus infection, but appropriate action when ALT levels are only mildly elevated is ambiguous in standard guidelines.A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of significant histology in a patient population with mildly elevated serum ALT levels. A total of 193 consecutive patients were selected and divided into 2 groups according to HBeAg status. Patients were further divided into cohorts on the basis of their highest ALT elevation during follow-up and whether it was 1-1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), 1.5-2 times the ULN, or greater than twice the ULN. The ULN that was used is 30 U/L for men and 19 U/L for women.In all cohorts there was a substantial fraction of patients with histologic disease as evaluated by liver biopsy. HBeAg-negative patients were older, had lower viral load, and had a higher prevalence of disease. After adjustments for age, HBeAg status and HBV DNA viral load were not predictors of significant histology. Age >35 years, male gender, and increasing ALT levels were predictors for significant histology on multivariate analysis.A substantial proportion of patients with mildly elevated ALT levels have significant histologic disease. The prevalence increased with the higher ALT levels and age.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2008.02.037

  View details for Web of Science ID 000255806200018

  View details for PubMedID 18455697

• Phase 2 validation of AFP, DCP and AFP-L3 in early stage hepatocellular carcinoma Marrero, J. A., Llovet, J. M., Nguyen, M., Befeler, A., Roberts, L. R., Reddy, R. R., Harnois, D., Normolle, D., Hui, Y., Dalhgren, J., Chia, D., Lok, A. S., Wagner, P. D., Feng, Z., Schwartz, M. IOS PRESS. 2008: 183

  View details for Web of Science ID 000260403300110

• High prevalence of significant histologic disease in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and normal ALT Nguyen, M. H., Trinh, H. N., Garcia, R. T., Phan, J., Nguyen, G. H., Weiss, G., Nguyen, H., Nguyen, K., Keeffe, E. B. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC. 2007: 680A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000249910401256

• Very high prevalence of precore (preC) and/or basal core promoter (BCP) mutations (MUT) in HBeAg-positive (eAg plus ) and negative (eAg-) chronic hepatitis B (CHB) especially among older patients Nguyen, M. H., Trinh, H. N., Garcia, R. T., Phan, J., Nguyen, G. H., Nguyen, K., Nguyen, H., Keeffe, E. B. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC. 2007: 674A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000249910401243

• Long-term survival of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transcatheter arterial chemoinfusion ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Ha, B. Y., Ahmed, A., Sze, D. Y., Razavi, M. K., Simpson, N., Keeffe, E. B., Nguyen, M. H. 2007; 26 (6): 839-846

  Abstract

  Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has become one of the most common treatments for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Published studies of TACE report a 5-16% risk of serious complications. Compared with TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoinfusion (TACI) may have similar efficacy and fewer side effects.To examine the clinical outcomes of TACI.We performed a retrospective cohort study of 345 consecutive TACI cases in 165 patients performed at a single United States medical center between 1998 and 2002. Primary outcomes were tumour response and survival rates.Only seven patients were hospitalized for more than 24 h after the procedure, and only three patients had worsening of liver function within 30 days of TACI. Survival was significantly poorer for patients with tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) IV compared to those with TNM I-III and also for patients with Child's class B/C vs. A. Following adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity and aetiology of liver diseases, independent predictors of poor survival were Child's class B/C [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.69, P = 0.024] and TNM IV staging (HR = 1.63, P = 0.014).TACI appears to be safe and effective for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with TNM stage I-III; randomized controlled trials are needed to compare TACI to TACE.

  View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03424.x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000249130100008

  View details for PubMedID 17767468

• Life-threatening hepatic failure associated with entecavir resistance mutations 1269I/T and T184L two years after discontinuation of lamivudine Morgan, M. E., Ayoub, W., Ahmed, A., Keeffe, E. B., Nguyen, M. H. BLACKWELL PUBLISHING. 2007: S322?S323

  View details for Web of Science ID 000249397800558

• Chronic HBV infection and normal ALT levels: Underlying histological disease Curr Hepat Rep Hoda K, Nguyen MH 2007; 6: 24-29
• Prevalence and treatment of hepatitis C virus genotypes 4, 5, and 6. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology Nguyen, M. H., Keeffe, E. B. 2005; 3 (10): S97-S101

  Abstract

  Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 4-6 (with the previously named genotypes 7-9 included as subtypes of genotype 6) is distributed and studied less widely than genotypes 1-3. However, genotypes 4-6 are very common in geographic areas where chronic hepatitis C is highly prevalent. In fact, the majority (87%) of the 169.7 million HCV-infected individuals worldwide are from western Pacific countries (62.2 million), southeast Asia (32.3 million), Africa (31.9 million), and eastern Mediterranean countries (21.3 million). It is among this large population outside of the Americas and Europe that these less well known genotypes are found: genotype 4 in Egypt and Africa, genotype 5 in South Africa, and genotype 6 in southeast Asia. The existing literature, although limited, suggests that patients with chronic hepatitis C genotypes 4-6 may exhibit different clinical courses and treatment outcomes. Ethnicity-related factors may contribute to the presence of more advanced disease in patients with genotype 4, who also tend to have a poor response to interferon-based therapy. HCV genotype 5 appears to be an easy-to-treat virus with response rates similar to those of genotypes 2 and 3 after a 48-week course of therapy. Response to treatment in patients with HCV genotype 6 may be at an intermediate level between that seen with genotype 1 and genotype 2 or 3. The optimal duration of treatment (24 vs 48 wk) for HCV genotype 6 is unclear and currently is under investigation.

  View details for PubMedID 16234071

• Chronic hepatitis C: genotypes 4 to 9. Clinics in liver disease Nguyen, M. H., Keeffe, E. B. 2005; 9 (3): 411-?

  Abstract

  Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 1, 2, or 3 is widely distributed throughout the world and has been the focus of the majority of studies on the epidemiology and treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Infection with HCV genotypes 4 through 9 is prevalent in some geographic areas where the disease burden of chronic hepatitis C approaches endemic levels (eg, HCV genotype 4 in Egypt where there is an HCV infection prevalence of approximately 18%). This article reviews the existing literature, which suggests that chronic hepatitis C with genotypes 4 through 9 may exhibit epidemiologic, clinical, and treatment outcome differences from infection with genotypes 1, 2, or 3.

  View details for PubMedID 16023974

• The diagnosis and management of benign hepatic tumors JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY Choi, B. Y., Nguyen, M. H. 2005; 39 (5): 401-412

  Abstract

  Benign hepatic tumors include a broad spectrum of regenerative and true neoplastic processes. Because of advances in imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as progress in immunohistochemistry, accurate diagnosis can now be made in a large percentage of patients without surgical laparotomy or resection. This article will focus on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of focal benign lesions of the liver. Many of these tumors present with typical features in various imaging studies. On occasions, biopsies are required and/or surgical removal is needed. The most common benign hepatic tumors include cavernous hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic adenoma, and nodular regenerative hyperplasia. In the majority of cases of benign hepatic tumors, patients are asymptomatic, and no treatment is indicated. The main indication for treatment is the presence of significant clinical symptoms or suspicion of malignancy or fear of malignant transformation.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000228498000012

  View details for PubMedID 15815209

• General management BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH IN CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY Nguyen, M. H., Keeffe, E. B. 2005; 19 (1): 161-174

  Abstract

  Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The general management of hepatocellular carcinoma begins with an accurate diagnosis. With advances in imaging studies, noninvasive diagnosis has become an accepted standard of care for hepatocellular carcinoma, though pathologic examination is still required in selected cases. Following diagnosis, accurate staging is the next most important step in selecting the most appropriate treatment modality. Patients with localised tumor and compensated liver disease should be considered for partial hepatectomy, and patients with poor hepatic function but early tumor stage are candidates for liver transplantation. Patients who do not qualify for either of these curative treatments may be evaluated for palliative therapy, of which transarterial chemoembolisation is most widely used. This review will discuss the role of biopsy, the pros and cons of noninvasive and pathologic tissue diagnosis as well as the general approach to choose the most appropriate treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000227994200011

  View details for PubMedID 15757811

• Benign tumors and evaluation of liver masses In: Al Knawy B, Schiffman ML, and Wiesner R, eds. Hepatology: A Practical Approach, 1st ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science BV. Nguyen MH, Keeffe EB 2005
• Lead poisoning as an etiology of abdominal pain and intestinal pseudo-obstruction in adults 69th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology Tran, C. P., Garcia, R. T., Lam, V. T., Trong, T. H., Keeffe, E. B., Nguyen, M. H. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2004: S105?S105

  View details for Web of Science ID 000224479700320

• Role of Ethnicity in Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C and Cirrhosis CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY Nguyen, M. H., Whittemore, A. S., Garcia, R. T., Tawfeek, S. A., Ning, J., Lam, S., Wright, T. L., Keeffe, E. B. 2004; 2 (9): 820-824

  Abstract

  In the United States, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more common among Asians and African Americans than Caucasians, with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection accounting for up to half of the patients. Our study examined ethnicity as a potential risk factor for HCC among patients with chronic hepatitis C.We conducted a case-control study of 464 patients with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis (207 cancer patients and 257 controls) using medical records and pathology records at 4 medical centers. We estimated odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals by using conditional logistic regression on case-control sets, matched within study centers and study period on sex and age groups (< or =45, 46-55, 56-65, >65 yr). To control for potential confounding caused by severity of cirrhosis and residual confounding caused by age, we also included Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) scores and age (continuous variable) in all regression analyses.Compared with Caucasians, the cancer risk was increased significantly among Asians (adjusted odds ratio, 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-9.0 for men, and 4.6; 1.2-18.5 for women) and somewhat increased among African-American men (adjusted odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-6.3).This study suggests that, among patients with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis, liver cancer risk is increased 4-fold in Asians and may be doubled in African-American men, compared with Caucasians. These results need confirmation in larger studies from racially diverse populations, but, if confirmed, these results point to high-risk populations that should be targeted for screening and preventive efforts.

  View details for DOI 10.1053/S1542-3565(04)00353-2

  View details for Web of Science ID 000208072100013

  View details for PubMedID 15354283

• Use of endoclips in the treatment of massive colonic diverticular bleeding GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY Simpson, P. W., Nguyen, M. H., Lim, J. K., Soetikno, R. M. 2004; 59 (3): 433-437

  View details for Web of Science ID 000220179200024

  View details for PubMedID 14997150

• Epidemiology and treatment outcomes of patients with chronic hepatitis C and genotypes 4 to 9. Reviews in gastroenterological disorders Nguyen, M. H., Keeffe, E. B. 2004; 4: S14-21

  Abstract

  Pivotal clinical trials of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C have been conducted predominantly in Europe and the United States, where most patients are infected with genotypes 1, 2, or 3. As a result, published data on the outcomes of therapy in patients infected with genotypes 4, 5, and 6 to 9 are limited. However, a major proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis C worldwide reside in geographic areas where genotypes 4 (Africa and the Middle East), 5 (South Africa), or 6 to 9 (southern China and Southeast Asia) are prevalent or even the most common genotypes. The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus genotypes 4 to 9 is reviewed, and the studies reporting the results of antiviral therapy of these genotypes are summarized. The limited data on antiviral therapy in patients with genotypes 4 to 9 highlight the need for further and controlled treatment trials in these populations.

  View details for PubMedID 15184820

• Unsedated ultrathin EGD is well accepted when compared with conventional sedated EGD: A multicenter randomized trial GASTROENTEROLOGY Garcia, R. T., Cello, J. P., Nguyen, M. H., Rogers, S. J., Rodas, A., Trinh, H. N., Stollman, N. H., Schlueck, G., McQuaid, K. R. 2003; 125 (6): 1606-1612

  Abstract

  In the United States, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is usually performed using intravenous sedation. Sedation increases the rate of both complications and costs of endoscopy. Unsedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) using conventional 8-11-mm endoscopes is an alternative to sedated endoscopy but is generally perceived as unacceptable to many American patients. Unsedated EGD using ultrathin 5-6-mm endoscopes is better tolerated. A randomized trial comparing unsedated ultrathin EGD (UT-EGD) with sedated conventional EGD (C-EGD) in a diverse American population is needed.In this multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, 80 patients scheduled to undergo elective outpatient EGD were randomized to unsedated UT-EGD or sedated C-EGD. The study was carried out at San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Liver and Digestive Health Medical Clinic, San Jose.Baseline characteristics of patients randomized to unsedated UT-EGD and sedated C-EGD were similar. Moreover, there were no significant differences in overall patient satisfaction and willingness to repeat endoscopy in the same manner among the 2 study groups. There was, however, a significant difference in median total procedure time between the 2 study groups of 1.5 hours (P < 0.0001). The mean (+/- SD) total procedure cost was 512.4 US dollars (+/- 100.8 US dollars) for sedated C-EGD and 328.6 US dollars (+/- 70.3 US dollars) for unsedated UT-EGD (P < 0.0001).Patients undergoing unsedated UT-EGD are as satisfied as patients undergoing sedated C-EGD and are just as willing to repeat an unsedated UT-EGD. Unsedated UT-EGD was also faster, less costly, and may allow greater accessibility to this procedure.

  View details for DOI 10.1053/S0016-5085(03)01524-5

  View details for Web of Science ID 000187177600011

  View details for PubMedID 14724812

• Prophylactic clip application GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY Nguyen, M. H., Soetikno, R. 2003; 58 (6): 941-941

  View details for Web of Science ID 000187160200033

  View details for PubMedID 14682305

• Prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with lamivudine JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY Simpson, N. D., Simpson, P. W., Ahmed, A. M., Nguyen, M. H., Garcia, G., Keeffe, E. B., Ahmed, A. 2003; 37 (1): 68-71

  Abstract

  The results of lamivudine therapy in 4 patients with chemotherapy-induced hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation are reported. Cancer chemotherapy-induced reactivation is a known complication in patients with chronic HBV infection or history of HBV infection with recovery. Reactivation of HBV infection has a broad spectrum of manifestations ranging from mild elevation of aminotransferase levels to fatal fulminant hepatitis. Lamivudine is a nucleoside analogue and a potent inhibitor of HBV reverse transcription. The 4 patients treated with lamivudine included 1 woman with breast cancer and 3 men with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ranging from 41 to 63 years of age. All 4 patients were undergoing standard, multi-agent chemotherapy when they presented with HBV reactivation manifested by sudden onset of fatigue, jaundice, and HBV serology consistent with active HBV infection (detectable serum HBV DNA) in the absence of other known causes of acute hepatitis. Lamivudine therapy (100 mg/d in 3 patients and 150 mg/d in 1 patient) was initiated from 1 to 18 days following the diagnosis of HBV reactivation. All 4 patients showed rapid decrease in aminotransferase levels within 2 weeks after initiating lamivudine therapy. Unfortunately, hepatic synthetic function failed to improve in 2 patients, who both died. The remaining 2 patients had suppression of HBV DNA to undetectable levels after 1 and 4 months of treatment and had biochemical and clinical improvement. The 2 patients who died received lamivudine therapy for 8 days and for 3 weeks. There have been no randomized clinical trials to study the role of lamivudine for prophylaxis or treatment of HBV reactivation associated with chemotherapy. However, based on our limited experience, lamivudine may be efficacious in suppressing potentially fatal HBV reactivation secondary to chemotherapy in patients with chronic HBV infection or prior infection with recovery. Patients who undergo chemotherapy should be screened for the presence of markers of chronic hepatitis B infection or previous HBV infection. We recommend that patients with chronic HBV infection (positive HBV DNA and/or positive HBsAg) or history of HBV infection with recovery (positive hepatitis B core antibody with or without HBsAb) be considered for prophylactic lamivudine use to prevent chemotherapy-induced HBV reactivation.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000183597500016

  View details for PubMedID 12811213

• Chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Asian Americans. Reviews in gastroenterological disorders Nguyen, M. H., Keeffe, E. B. 2003; 3 (3): 125-134

  Abstract

  Both chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C are prevalent among the 12 million Asians and Pacific Islanders living in the United States. Significant epidemiological and clinical differences exist between Asian Americans and the general U.S. population, most notably the higher rate of primary liver cancer and the differential response to various antiviral therapies. Perinatal and childhood transmission is common for hepatitis B virus. Transmission of hepatitis C virus probably also occurs early in life and results from nosocomial transmission and person-to-person spread. Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B commonly have hepatitis B e antigen-negative hepatitis B with either the precore or core-promoter mutant hepatitis B virus, which may require long-term antiviral viral therapy because of high rates of relapse following therapy. Asian patients with chronic hepatitis C may have a substantially higher risk of liver cancer but a better response to interferon-based therapy, both in terms of sustained virological response and reduced future incidence of liver cancer. Understanding these differences will lead to improved care for Asian Americans with viral hepatitis and better disease control for hepatitis B and hepatitis C for the entire U.S. population. This review briefly summarizes the major issues in the clinical care of patients with chronic viral hepatitis and focuses on pertinent epidemiological and clinical differences between Asian-American and Caucasian patients.

  View details for PubMedID 14502116

• Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Rustgi AK and Crawford J, eds. Gastrointestinal Cancer: A companion to Sleisenger & Fordtran?s GI and liver diseases. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Nguyen MH, Keeffe EB 2003; 1st ed: 605-622
• Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma Yale-University Workshop on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Nguyen, M. H., Keeffe, E. B. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2002: S86?S91

  Abstract

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is common throughout the world and most often develops as a late complication of chronic viral hepatitis or cirrhosis of any cause. As a result of the high prevalence rate of chronic hepatitis C, the incidence of HCC is rising in the United States, as well as in European and Asian countries. The overall survival rate of HCC is poor, and surgical resection and liver transplantation are the only curative treatment options. Screening for HCC offers the best hope for early detection, eligibility for treatment, and improved survival. Most physicians routinely screen at-risk patients with chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis for HCC, despite the lack of official guidelines. The current consensus recommendations are to screen healthy hepatitis B virus carriers with annual or semiannual serum alpha-fetoprotein; carriers with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis and patients with cirrhosis of any etiology are surveyed with twice yearly serum alpha-fetoprotein and liver ultrasound. This article will review the current recommendations for HCC screening, the rationale that led to these recommendations, and the challenges of cost-effectiveness research in this area.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000179165200004

  View details for PubMedID 12394211

• Unsedated ultrathin EGD is well accepted by most patients: A randomized trial of unsedated ultrathin EGD (UT-EGD) vs. sedated conventional EGD (C-EGD) Garcia, R. T., Cello, J. P., Rogers, S. J., Rodas, A., Nguyen, M. H., Trinh, H., Stollman, N. H., McQuaid, K. R. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2002: S306?S306

  View details for Web of Science ID 000178230400931

• Does isoniazid cause more serious hepatotoxicity in hepatitis B virus carriers? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Nguyen, M. H., Garcia, G. 2002; 97 (5): 1092-1093

  View details for Web of Science ID 000175460900004

  View details for PubMedID 12014711

• Therapeutic advances in the management of hepatitis B and hepatitis C CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES Nguyen, M. H., Wright, T. L. 2001; 14 (5): 593-601

  Abstract

  Until recently, interferon monotherapy has been the only available therapeutic option for patients with chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Lamivudine has emerged as another effective first-line therapy for chronic hepatitis B as well as a beneficial treatment option for patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis. Viral resistance with long-term lamivudine therapy remains a major concern but new data continue to show benefits despite the development of YMDD mutations. Combination therapy with ribavirin and pegylated interferon-alpha has revolutionized the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. The rate of sustained virological response can now be expected to be as high as nearly 50% for genotype 1 and 80% for non-1 genotypes of hepatitis C.

  View details for Web of Science ID 000171324300014

  View details for PubMedID 11964881

• Sensitivity and specificity of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in US patients with hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCV/HCC). Nguyen, M. H., Keeffe, E. B., Wright, T. L. W B SAUNDERS CO. 2001: 663A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000171224701957

• DIFFERENTIAL MIGRATION OF ASTROCYTES GRAFTED INTO THE DEVELOPING RAT-BRAIN GLIA Hatton, J. D., Nguyen, M. H., U, H. S. 1993; 9 (2): 113-119

  Abstract

  Fetal and neonatal astrocytes migrate in specific patterns when transplanted into the adult rat host brain. However, it is unclear whether these astrocytes demonstrate the same degree of mobility during early brain development. In the present study, neonatal cortical, hippocampal, and hypothalamic astrocytes were collected from the brains of 1- to 3-day-old rats and placed in tissue culture. After 14 to 21 days, cultures enriched in astrocytes were harvested and labelled with either the fluorescent dye Fast Blue or fluorescein-labelled latex beads. They were then transplanted into the right frontal cerebrum of neonatal rats at 2, 5, 8, and 11 days postpartum. Seven days after transplantation, animals were sacrificed and their brains were fixed by immersion in aldehydes, sectioned on a cryostat, and examined with fluorescence microscopy. Transplanted astrocytes migrated along the corpus callosum, internal capsule, glial limitans, ventricular linings, and hippocampal structure. Labelled cells were also found in the contralateral hemisphere in day 2 brains. Migration in a radial fashion from the injection site toward the periphery was a particularly obvious pattern, and was most pronounced in these younger hosts. In days 5 and 8 rat brains, astrocyte migration became more restricted to the hemisphere of implantation. In 11-day-old host brains, hemispheric restriction and other region-specific influences became manifest and specifically modulated migration. Radial migration was absent in the 11-day-old host group except for cells of cortical origin. The observed results demonstrate that neonatal cortical, hippocampal, and hypothalamic astrocytes transplanted into the neonatal cerebrum migrate in patterns that are more extensive than in the adult brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

  View details for Web of Science ID A1993LZ51400003

  View details for PubMedID 8244533