Vulvar Recurrences After Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus.
American journal of clinical oncology
Bagshaw, H. P., Sause, W. T., Gawlick, U., Kim, H. T., Whisenant, J., Cannon, G. M.
2016: -?
Abstract
The objective is to determine localregional control (LRC), distant metastasis free survival, disease-free survival, overall survival (OS), and toxicity for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anus treated with definitive chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).We conducted a retrospective review of patients treated using IMRT for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus at our institution since 2005. Patients with local recurrences were identified and reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier curves were used for LRC and OS.From 2005 to 2014, 52 patients were treated with IMRT-based chemoradiation for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. Median dose to the primary tumor was 54 Gy. LRC, distant metastasis free survival, OS, and disease-free survival were 92.3%, 88.5%, 86.5%, and 84.6%, respectively, with a median follow-up of 20 months. Two local failures occurred at the anal primary site and 2 in the vulva. Despite subsequent palliative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, neither patient with a vulvar recurrence achieved disease control.In a cohort of patients treated with IMRT-based chemoradiation, 2 vulvar recurrences were identified within the avoided external genitalia despite limited recurrence rates within the cohort overall. This experience suggests that for patients with a locally advanced primary tumor and bulky bilateral inguinal or pelvic disease, the in-transit vulvar dermal lymphatics may be at risk for subclinical involvement and subsequent recurrence. If substantiated by a similar pattern of recurrence at other institutions, the external genitalia may need to be reclassified from an avoidance structure to a clinical treatment volume in patients with locally advanced anal cancer.
View details for PubMedID 27438690
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to evaluate outcomes in patients with atypical meningiomas (AMs) treated with surgery alone compared with surgery and radiotherapy at initial diagnosis, or at the time of first recurrence. METHODS Patients with pathologically confirmed AMs treated at the University of Utah from 1991 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Local control (LC), overall survival (OS), Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and toxicity were assessed. Outcomes for patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy were compared with those for patients treated with surgery alone. Kaplan-Meier and the log-rank test for significance were used for LC and OS analyses. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients with 63 tumors were reviewed. Fifty-two patients were alive at the time of analysis with a median follow-up of 42 months. LC for all tumors was 57% with a median time to local failure (TTLF) of 48 months. The median TTLF following surgery and radiotherapy was 180 months, compared with 46 months following surgery alone (p = 0.02). Excluding Simpson Grade IV (subtotal) resections, there remained an LC benefit with the addition of radiotherapy for Simpson Grade I, II, and III resected tumors (median TTLF 180 months after surgery and radiotherapy compared with 46 months with surgery alone [p = 0.002]). Patients treated at first recurrence following any initial therapy (either surgery alone or surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy) had a median TTLF of 26 months compared with 48 months for tumors treated at first diagnosis (p = 0.007). There were 2 Grade 3 toxicities and 1 Grade 4 toxicity associated with radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant radiotherapy improves LC for AMs. The addition of adjuvant radiotherapy following even a Simpson Grade I, II, or III resection was found to confer an LC benefit. Recurrent disease is difficult to control, underscoring the importance of aggressive initial treatment.
View details for DOI 10.3171/2016.5.JNS152809
View details for PubMedID 27611201
Abstract
Primary urethral cancer is a rare diagnosis, especially in females. This report presents the utilization of a palladium interstitial implant and a review of the retrospective data published on the management of female urethral cancer. Excellent local control and survival has been obtained with the use of a palladium interstitial implant in combination with external beam radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy. This modality represents a novel and effective way to treat primary urethral cancer in females.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gore.2015.06.001
View details for PubMedID 26425719
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors improve progression-free and overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. Brain metastases are common, and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been used, resulting in excellent local control. Because BRAF inhibitors are associated with intracranial responses, the authors hypothesized that BRAF inhibitors would improve local control in patients with melanoma who are receiving SRS for brain metastases.The authors retrospectively identified patients with metastatic melanoma who had been tested for BRAF mutation and treated with SRS for brain metastases. Patients with previous resection, multiple brain metastases, or multiple courses of SRS were eligible. SRS was delivered in a single fraction to a median dose of 2000 cGy. Patients with a BRAF mutation were treated with a BRAF inhibitor on the basis of physician preference.The authors identified 52 patients who were treated in 82 treatment sessions for 185 brain metastases and 13 tumor beds. At a median follow-up of 10.5 months, the 1-year local control rate was 69.2%. At 1 year, the local control rate for brain metastases in patients with BRAF mutation with BRAF treatment was 85.0%, and the local control rate for brain metastases in those without BRAF treatment was 51.5% (p = 0.0077). The rates of distant brain failure, freedom from whole-brain radiation, and overall survival were not different on the basis of BRAF mutation status or inhibitor therapy. The number of new intratumoral hemorrhages after SRS was increased significantly in patients with BRAF treatment.Treatment with BRAF inhibitors was associated with improved local control after SRS in patients with melanoma and brain metastases. An increased number of intratumoral hemorrhages was associated with BRAF inhibitor therapy.
View details for DOI 10.3171/2014.9.JNS141425
View details for Web of Science ID 000362200800015
View details for PubMedID 25768829
Abstract
Concurrent chemotherapy with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy (BT) is critical to the curative treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer. Patterns of care and the use of EBRT and BT for locally advanced cervical cancer in the United States were analyzed with an emphasis on regional variation across the United States.A retrospective analysis was performed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database from 1988 to 2010 to identify women with locally advanced cervical carcinoma treated with definitive radiotherapy.Twelve thousand three hundred women were identified who met the inclusion criteria. From 1988 to 2010, percent use of EBRT and BT decreased from 68% to 45%; specifically, between 1988 and 2000, there was a decrease of 12% (P = 0.0003), and between 2000 and 2010, there was another decrease of 11% (P < 0.0001). When examined individually, 15 of the 16 registries displayed a decline in use of EBRT and BT with a significant decrease in 11 of the registries. No registry displayed an increased use of EBRT and BT, but the use of EBRT alone increased from 1988 to 2000 by 8% (P = 0.0055) and from 2000 to 2010 by 6% (P = 0.0095).Combination of EBRT and BT for locally advanced cervical cancer continues to decline, despite guidelines indicating the appropriateness of BT. This decline was seen for most regions across the United States, with a concomitant rise in the use of EBRT. EBRT alone is an inferior therapy and must be used in conjunction with BT to realize maximal patient benefit.
View details for DOI 10.1097/IGC.0000000000000276
View details for Web of Science ID 000344611800023
View details for PubMedID 25251463
Abstract
To examine family history (FH) as a prognostic factor following radiotherapy (RT).Between 1989 and 2007, 1711 men with clinically localized prostate cancer and complete family history who had received RT (median RT dose=74Gy) without androgen deprivation therapy were analyzed. FH was defined as any prostate cancer in a first degree relative. For the biochemical failure (BF) outcome, this sample size has 85% power to detect a hazard ratio of 1.56 for positive versus negative FH.With a median follow-up of 71 months, there was no significant difference in the distribution of Gleason score (GS) or prostate specific antigen (PSA) based on FH. A positive FH was not an independent predictor of BF, distant metastasis (DM), prostate cancer specific mortality (PCSM), or overall mortality (OM) in Cox proportional multivariable analysis. On further analysis in a Cox proportional multivariable analysis, men with two or more first degree relatives with prostate cancer had a significantly higher likelihood of BF and DM than those with no FH, although there was no difference in PCSM or OM. Men with a positive FH (23%) were more likely to be younger, have a lower PSA, and non-palpable disease. There was no interaction between a positive FH and neither race nor treatment era (pre-PSA vs. PSA era).A positive FH is not a prognostic factor following RT and should not alter standard treatment recommendations. Patients with two or more first degree relatives with prostate cancer had a higher likelihood of BF and DM, but there was no effect on survival. There was no interaction between a positive FH and African American race or treatment era. A positive FH was however, associated with more favorable PSA values and T-stage that may be the result of earlier screening.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.11.014
View details for PubMedID 24560758
