Craig V. Comiter

All Publications

Editorial Comment. The Journal of urology Comiter, C. V. 2021: 101097JU000000000000150402
View details for DOI 10.1097/JU.0000000000001504.02

View details for PubMedID 33486998
Two-year outcomes of the ARTISAN-SNM study for the treatment of urinary urgency incontinence using the Axonics rechargeable sacral neuromodulation system. Neurourology and urodynamics Pezzella, A. n., McCrery, R. n., Lane, F. n., Benson, K. n., Taylor, C. n., Padron, O. n., Blok, B. n., de Wachter, S. n., Gruenenfelder, J. n., Pakzad, M. n., Perrouin-Verbe, M. A., van Kerrebroeck, P. n., Mangel, J. n., Peters, K. n., Kennelly, M. n., Shapiro, A. n., Lee, U. n., Comiter, C. n., Mueller, M. n., Goldman, H. B. 2021
Abstract

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a guideline-recommended treatment with proven therapeutic benefit for urinary urgency incontinence (UUI) patients. The Axonics® System is the first Food and Drug Administration-approved rechargeable SNM system and is designed to deliver therapy for a minimum of 15 years. The ARTISAN-SNM study was designed to evaluate UUI participants treated with the Axonics System. Two-year follow-up results are presented.One hundred and twenty-nine UUI participants underwent implantation with the Axonics System. Therapeutic response rate, participant quality of life (QoL), and satisfaction were determined using 3-day voiding diaries, ICIQ-OABqol, and satisfaction questionnaires. Participants were considered responders if they had a 50% or greater reduction in UUI episodes post-treatment. As-treated and Completers analyses are presented.At 2 years, 93% of the participants (n = 121 Completers at 2 years) were therapy responders, of which 82% achieved ≥ 75% reduction in UUI episodes and 37% were dry (100% reduction). Daily UUI episodes reduced from 5.6 ± 0.3 at baseline to 1.0 ± 0.2 at 2 years. Statistically significant improvements in ICIQ-OABqol were reported. All participants were able to recharge their device and 94% of participants reported that the recharging frequency and duration were acceptable. Participant demographics nor condition severity were correlated with clinical outcomes or recharging experience. No unanticipated or serious device-related adverse events occurred.At 2 years, participants treated with the Axonics System demonstrated sustained safety and efficacy, high levels of satisfaction with therapy and recharging. Participant-related factors were not associated with efficacy or recharging outcomes, indicating the reported results are applicable to a diverse population.

View details for DOI 10.1002/nau.24615

View details for PubMedID 33508155
Sacral Nerve Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Overactive Bladder Symptoms. Urology Greenberg, D. R., Sohlberg, E. M., Zhang, C. A., Santini, V. E., Comiter, C. V., Enemchukwu, E. A. 2020
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy, safety, and outcomes of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed PD patients who underwent Stage I SNS. Demographics, urodynamic data, and baseline voiding function were analyzed. Efficacy and safety of treatment were determined by rate of progression to Stage II, explantation, and surgical revision. Long-term outcomes were assessed using voiding diaries and/or clinic notes.RESULTS: 60% (9/15) experienced ≥50% improvement in urinary parameters and proceeded to Stage II. There was no significant difference in age, BMI, comorbidities, PD disease duration, or levodopa equivalent daily dose between successful and non-successful Stage I patients. However, 100% of female patients experienced Stage I success compared to 44% of male PD patients (p=0.04). Individuals with >12-month follow-up experienced an average reduction of 6 voids/day. No patients required revision or explantation of their device at latest clinic follow-up (22.2 ± 7.8 months). Higher maximal urethral closure pressures (MUCP), detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (PdetQmax), post-void residual (PVR) volume, and mean BOOI were observed in the Stage I trial failures.CONCLUSION: At our institution, PD patients have a similar rate of progression to Stage II compared to the general population. SNS is an effective therapy that should be considered among the treatment options for PD patients with OAB symptoms. Urodynamic parameters associated with obstruction may be predictive of SNS failure in PD patients and may help guide patient selection, however further studies are needed.

View details for DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2020.06.063

View details for PubMedID 32681915
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist as a novel treatment for interstitial cystiytis: a rat model Comiter, C., Mahal, A., Dobberfuhl, A. WILEY. 2020: S142–S143
View details for Web of Science ID 000519661200173
Factors associated with no-show and cancellation less than 24 hours before appointment in a moderate volume (N=3,428) outpatient urology practice Dobberfuhl, A. D., Foote, C. M., Evaristo, N. J., Graf, A. M., Comiter, C. V. WILEY. 2020: S101–S102
View details for Web of Science ID 000519661200120
One-year outcomes of the ARTISAN-SNM study with the Axonics System for the treatment of urinary urgency incontinence. Neurourology and urodynamics Benson, K. n., McCrery, R. n., Taylor, C. n., Padron, O. n., Blok, B. n., de Wachter, S. n., Pezzella, A. n., Gruenenfelder, J. n., Pakzad, M. n., Perrouin-Verbe, M. A., Van Kerrebroeck, P. n., Mangel, J. n., Peters, K. n., Kennelly, M. n., Shapiro, A. n., Lee, U. n., Comiter, C. n., Mueller, M. n., Goldman, H. n., Lane, F. n. 2020
Abstract

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a guideline-recommended treatment for voiding dysfunction including urgency, urge incontinence, and nonobstructive retention as well as fecal incontinence. The Axonics® System is a miniaturized, rechargeable SNM system designed to provide therapy for at least 15 years, which is expected to significantly reduce revision surgeries as it will not require replacement as frequently as the non-rechargeable SNM system. The ARTISAN-SNM study is a pivotal study designed to treat patients with urinary urgency incontinence (UUI). Clinical results at 1-year are presented.A total of 129 eligible UUI patients were treated. All participants were implanted with a quadripolar tined lead and neurostimulator in a single procedure. Efficacy data were collected using a 3-day bladder diary, a validated quality of life questionnaire (ICIQ-OABqol), and a participant satisfaction questionnaire. Therapy responders were defined as participants with ≥50% reduction in UUI episodes compared to baseline. Data were analyzed on all 129 participants.At 1 year, 89% of the participants were therapy responders. The average UUI episodes per day reduced from 5.6 ± 0.3 at baseline to 1.4 ± 0.2. Participants experienced an overall clinically meaningful improvement of 34 points on the ICIQ-OABqol questionnaire. All study participants (100%) were able to recharge their device at 1 year, and 96% of participants reported that the frequency and duration of recharging was acceptable. There were no serious device-related adverse events.The Axonics System is safe and effective at 1 year, with 89% of participants experiencing clinically and statistically significant improvements in UUI symptoms.

View details for DOI 10.1002/nau.24376

View details for PubMedID 32339339
Statewide Success of Staged Sacral Neuromodulation for the Treatment of Urinary Complaints in California (2005-2011). Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery Dobberfuhl, A. D., Mahal, A. n., Dallas, K. B., Choi, K. M., Comiter, C. V., Elliott, C. S. 2020; 26 (7): 437–42
Abstract

Sacral neuromodulation (SNS) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a third-line treatment for refractory overactive bladder, idiopathic urinary retention, and fecal incontinence. Prior to implantation of an implantable pulse generator, all patients undergo a trial phase to ensure symptom improvement. The published success rates of progression from the test phase to permanent implant vary widely (range, 24% to >90%). We sought to characterize success rates using a statewide registry.Using nonpublic data, we identified SNS procedures using the California Office of Statewide Planning and Development ambulatory surgery database from 2005 to 2011. A successful trial was defined as receiving a stage 2 generator implantation after trial lead placement. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with staged success.During the study period, 1396 patients underwent a staged SNS procedure, with 962 (69%) subsequently undergoing generator placement. Successful trial rates were 72% for overactive bladder wet, 69% for urgency/frequency, 68% for interstitial cystitis, 67% for neurogenic bladder, and 57% for urinary retention. On multivariate logistic regression, only male sex (odds ratio, 0.51) and urinary retention [odds ratio, 0.54) were significantly associated with lower odds of success, whereas age, race/ethnicity, medical insurance, and placement at an academic or high-volume institution had no association.The "real world" success rates for staged SNS implantation in California are less than those observed by some academic centers of excellence but better than previously reported for Medicare beneficiaries. Successful trial rates for interstitial cystitis and neurogenic voiding dysfunction are similar to refractory overactive bladder.

View details for DOI 10.1097/SPV.0000000000000605

View details for PubMedID 30059438
Urinary Incontinence in Elderly Men: Update on Evaluation and Treatment CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS Syan, R., Comiter, C. 2019
View details for DOI 10.1007/s13670-019-00308-3

View details for Web of Science ID 000500315600001
Reply by Authors. The Journal of urology McCrery, R., Lane, F., Benson, K., Taylor, C., Padron, O., Blok, B., De Wachter, S., Pezzella, A., Gruenenfelder, J., Pakzad, M., Perrouin-Verbe, M., Le Normand, L., Van Kerrebroeck, P., Mangel, J., Peters, K., Kennelly, M., Shapiro, A., Lee, U., Comiter, C., Mueller, M., Goldman, H. B. 2019: 10109701JU00006027846914796
View details for DOI 10.1097/01.JU.0000602784.69147.96

View details for PubMedID 31580190
Outcomes of Sacral Nerve Stimulation for Treatment of Refractory Overactive Bladder Among Octogenarians. Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society Greenberg, D. R., Syan, R., Young-Lin, N., Comiter, C. V., Enemchukwu, E. 2019
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is an effective treatment for refractory overactive bladder (OAB). However, advanced age is often cited as a reason to avoid SNS in the elderly. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of SNS for refractory OAB among our octogenarian population.METHODS: A retrospective review from a single institution was performed on all SNS lead placements from December 1998 to June 2017 for refractory OAB. Octogenarians were characterized as 80years of age or older at the time of Stage I. Efficacy and safety were determined by the rate of progression to Stage II, subsequent need for multimodal therapy, and rate of surgical revision and explantation. All patients were followed for a minimum of 12months.RESULTS: Of 374 patients in this study, 37 (9.9%) were octogenarians. There was no difference in gender, race, smoking history, or prior OAB treatment regimens between cohorts. The rate of progression to Stage II was 56.8% for octogenarians compared to 60.5% for nonoctogenarians (p = 0.66). The rate of surgical revision, explantation, and need for multimodal therapy did not differ between groups. Subgroup analysis of octogenarians did not reveal any significant differences between successful and nonsuccessful Stage I patients.CONCLUSIONS: The safety and efficacy of SNS was similar between cohorts. This result suggests that SNS is a safe and effective therapy that should be considered among the treatment options for refractory OAB in octogenarian patients. Further studies are needed to determine predictive factors of Stage I success in elderly patients.

View details for DOI 10.1111/ner.12981

View details for PubMedID 31215713
To stage or not to stage?-A cost minimization analysis of sacral neuromodulation placement strategies. Neurourology and urodynamics Sun, A. J., Harris, C. R., Comiter, C. V., Elliott, C. S. 2019
Abstract

AIMS: Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a standard therapy for refractory overactive bladder (OAB). Traditionally, SNM placement involves placement of an S3 lead with 1-3 weeks of testing before considering a permanent implant. Given the potential risk of bacterial contamination during testing and high success rates published by some experts, we compared the costs of traditional 2-stage against single-stage SNM placement for OAB.METHODS: We performed a cost minimization analysis using published data on 2-stage SNM success rates, SNM infection rates, and direct reimbursements from Medicare for 2017. We compared the costs associated with a 2-stage vs single-stage approach. We performed sensitivity analyses of the primary variables listed above to assess where threshold values occurred and used separate models for freestanding ambulatory surgery centers (ASC) and outpatient hospital departments (OHD).RESULTS: Based on published literature, our base case assumed a 69% SNM success rate, a 5% 2-stage approach infection rate, a 1.7% single-stage approach infection rate, and removal of 50% of non-working single-stage SNMs. In both ASC ($17613 vs $18194) and OHD ($19832 vs $21181) settings, single-stage SNM placement was less costly than 2-stage placement. The minimum SNM success rates to achieve savings with a single-stage approach occur at 65.4% and 61.3% for ASC and OHD, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Using Medicare reimbursement, single-stage SNM placement is likely to be less costly than 2-stage placement for most practitioners. The savings are tied to SNM success rates and reimbursement rates, with reduced costs up to $5014 per case in centers of excellence (≥90% success).

View details for DOI 10.1002/nau.24075

View details for PubMedID 31215706
SACRAL NEUROMODULATION IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE PATIENTS WITH NEUROGENIC BLADDER Greenberg, D., Sohlberg, E., Zhang, C., Comiter, C., Enemchukwu, E. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2019: E95
View details for Web of Science ID 000473345200204
TO STAGE OR NOT TO STAGE? - A COST MINIMIZATION ANALYSIS OF SACRAL NEUROMODULATION PLACEMENT STRATEGIES Sun, A., Harris, C., Comiter, C., Elliott, C. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2019: E1187
View details for Web of Science ID 000473345203637
PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA AGONIST AS A NOVEL TREATMENT FOR INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS: A RAT MODEL Comiter, C., Younglin, N., Mahal, A., Dobberfuhl, A. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2019: E692
View details for Web of Science ID 000473345202222
Controversies in Vaginal Surgery. The Urologic clinics of North America Comiter, C. V. 2019; 46 (1): xvii
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ucl.2018.09.002

View details for PubMedID 30466709
Sacral neuromodulation in Parkinson's disease patients with neurogenic bladder Greenberg, D., Sohlberg, E., Zhang, C., Comiter, C. V., Enemchukwu, E. WILEY. 2019: S158–S159
View details for Web of Science ID 000462357800205
To stage or not to stage?-a cost minimization analysis of sacral neuromodulation placement strategies Sun, A., Harris, C., Comiter, C. V., Elliott, C. S. WILEY. 2019: S159–S160
View details for Web of Science ID 000462357800206
A novel mobile uroflowmetry application for assessling lower urinary tract symptoms Comiter, C. V., Belotserkovsky, E. WILEY. 2019: S56–S57
View details for Web of Science ID 000462357800065
Treatment of Urinary Urgency Incontinence Using a Rechargeable SNM System: 6-Month Results of the ARTISAN-SNM Study. The Journal of urology McCrery, R. n., Lane, F. n., Benson, K. n., Taylor, C. n., Padron, O. n., Blok, B. n., De Wachter, S. n., Pezzella, A. n., Gruenenfelder, J. n., Pakzad, M. n., Perrouin-Verbe, M. A., Le Normand, L. n., Van Kerrebroeck, P. n., Mangel, J. n., Peters, K. n., Kennelly, M. n., Shapiro, A. n., Lee, U. n., Comiter, C. n., Mueller, M. n., Goldman, H. B. 2019: 101097JU0000000000000458
Abstract

Sacral neuromodulation is a guideline recommended treatment of urinary dysfunction and fecal incontinence in patients in whom conservative treatments have failed. Historically sacral neuromodulation has been delivered using a nonrechargeable device with an average life span of 4.4 years. Surgery is required to replace the implanted neurostimulator due to battery depletion. Implantation of a long-lived implanted neurostimulator can eliminate the need for replacement surgeries, potentially reducing patient surgical risks and health care costs. The Axonics SNM System™ is a miniaturized, rechargeable sacral neuromodulation system designed to deliver therapy for at least 15 years. The ARTISAN-SNM (Axonics® Sacral Neuromodulation System for Urinary Urgency Incontinence Treatment) study is a pivotal study using rechargeable sacral neuromodulation therapy to treat urinary urgency incontinence. Six-month results are presented.A total of 129 eligible patients with urinary urgency incontinence were treated. All participants were implanted with a tined lead and the rechargeable sacral neuromodulation system in a nonstaged procedure. Efficacy data were collected using a 3-day bladder diary, the validated ICIQ-OABqol (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder quality of life) quality of life questionnaire and a participant satisfaction questionnaire. Therapy responders were identified as participants with a 50% or greater reduction in urinary urgency incontinence episodes compared to baseline. We performed an as treated analysis in all implanted participants.At 6 months 90% of participants were therapy responders. The mean ± SE number of urinary urgency incontinence episodes per day was reduced from 5.6 ± 0.3 at baseline to 1.3 ± 0.2. Participants experienced a clinically meaningful 34-point improvement on the ICIQ-OABqol questionnaire. There were no serious device related adverse events.The Axonics r-SNM System is safe and effective with 90% of participants experiencing clinically and statistically significant improvements in urinary urgency incontinence symptoms.

View details for DOI 10.1097/JU.0000000000000458

View details for PubMedID 31347955
The mechanical stop test and isovolumetric detrusor contractile reserve are associated with immediate spontaneous voiding after transurethral resection of prostate. International urology and nephrology Dobberfuhl, A. D., Zhang, X. n., Comiter, C. V. 2019
Abstract

To identify urodynamic factors associated with the mechanical stop test and immediate spontaneous voiding following transurethral resection of prostate (TURP).We identified 90 men who underwent TURP over a 12-month period. Forty-three (mean age 68 years) underwent urodynamic evaluation prior to TURP. Isovolumetric detrusor contractile pressure (Piso) was obtained using the mechanical stop test during the voiding phase, and used to calculate detrusor contractile reserve (Pres = Piso - Pdet@Qmax). Primary outcome was spontaneous voiding after TURP.Preoperative catheter-free spontaneous voiding was present in 63% of men (27/43) with a urodynamic (mean ± SD): Qmax 6.2 ± 2.7 mL/s, Pdet@Qmax 102 ± 47 cmH2O, Piso 124 ± 49 cmH2O, Pres 22 ± 16 cmH2O, bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI) 90 ± 49, and bladder contractility index (BCI) 132 ± 44. The remaining 16 catheter-dependent men demonstrated a urodynamic (mean ± SD): Qmax 3.6 ± 3.3 mL/s, Pdet@Qmax 87 ± 38 cmH2O, Piso 99 ± 51 cmH2O, Pres 10 ± 18 cmH2O, BOOI 82 ± 36, and BCI 106 ± 48. Following TURP, 67% of men voided spontaneously with their first void trial, and in receiver operator analysis of urodynamic measures (Pdet@Qmax, Piso, Pres, BOOI and BCI), only Pres was significantly associated with immediate spontaneous voiding after TURP (threshold Pres ≥ 9 cmH2O, AUC = 0.681, p = 0.035).In men who underwent TURP, a Pres ≥ 9 cmH2O was associated with immediate spontaneous voiding and may be easily incorporated into the postoperative pathway.

View details for DOI 10.1007/s11255-019-02322-y

View details for PubMedID 31673936
EDITORIAL COMMENT. Urology Comiter, C. V. 2019; 123: 91–92
View details for PubMedID 30598228
Transvaginal ultrasound guided trigone and bladder injection: A cadaveric feasibility study for a novel route of intradetrusor chemodenervation INVESTIGATIVE AND CLINICAL UROLOGY Syan, R., Briggs, M. A., Olivas, J. C., Srivastava, S., Comiter, C., Dobberfuhl, A. D. 2019; 60 (1): 40–45
Abstract

OnabotulinumtoxinA (BTX) detrusor chemodenervation is an efficacious third-line treatment for overactive bladder. Despite high clinical efficacy rates for BTX injection, many patients refuse initial or repeat treatment due to the invasiveness of the cystoscopic route of delivery. We assess the feasibility of injecting the trigone and posterior bladder wall via a transvaginal route under ultrasound guidance using a human cadaveric model.Eight de-identified anonymous fresh female deceased donor cadaver pelvises were placed in supine split leg position. A transvaginal ultrasound probe guided injections of India ink into the trigone in 3 sites and the posterior wall in 2 sites. Full thickness bladder biopsies were then obtained and histologic analysis was performed to confirm presence of India ink in the detrusor layer.The mean time from day of death was 11.0 days (range, 4.0-23.0 days). Three to five bladder biopsies were obtained per cadaver, for a total of 34 specimens (20 trigone, 14 posterior wall). Histologic analysis revealed presence of India ink within the detrusor layer in 8/8 (100.0%) of cadavers. The surgeon's perception of appropriate targeting under ultrasound guidance was confirmed in 8/8 cadavers (100.0%) involving the bladder trigone, and 7/8 (87.5%) involving the posterior wall. Of injections that were believed to have appropriately targeted the detrusor layer, 22/34 specimens (64.7%) demonstrated the presence of India ink under histologic analysis.Intradetrusor injection of the bladder trigone and posterior wall under transvaginal ultrasound guidance is feasible and has acceptable accuracy.

View details for PubMedID 30637360

View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6318206
First-in-human implantation of a mid-field powered neurostimulator at the sacral nerve: Results from an acute study. Neurourology and urodynamics van Kerrebroeck, P. E., Reekmans, M. n., van Koeveringe, G. A., Yeh, A. J., Fayram, T. A., Sharan, A. D., Comiter, C. V. 2019
Abstract

Commercially approved implantable systems for sacral neuromodulation require the implantation of a multipolar lead subcutaneously connected to an implantable pulse generator (IPG). Eliminating the need for an IPG would eliminate the need for tunneling of the lead, reduce procedure time, infection risk, and the need for IPG replacement. The objective was to demonstrate the feasibility of implanting the AHLeveeS System in the S3 Foramen to stimulate the S3 sacral nerve.A first-in-human, prospective, single center, nonrandomized, acute feasibility clinical investigation at the Maastricht University Medical Center+. Patients with refractory overactive bladder underwent acute implantation of the AHLeveeS neurostimulator before the InterStim procedure. Outcome measurements included motor responses, procedural time and a scoring of the difficulty of the implant and explant procedure. Retrospectively, qualitative responses to the stimulation protocol were assessed by video motion analyses. Only descriptive statistics were used.During the stimulation a motor response to stimulation was seen in four of the five subjects. In all implantations the AHLeveeS was correctly placed. The median time for complete procedure was 24 minutes. The implant and explant procedures were successfully performed and no device or procedure related adverse events occurred.The results from this acute first-in-human study demonstrate the feasibility of implantation and acute stimulation of the sacral nerve with this mid-field powered system. Future clinical studies will focus on safety and efficacy of a chronically implanted device.

View details for DOI 10.1002/nau.24035

View details for PubMedID 31107559
Surgical treatment of post-prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence in adult men: Report from the 6th International Consultation on Incontinence. Neurourology and urodynamics Averbeck, M. A., Woodhouse, C., Comiter, C., Bruschini, H., Hanus, T., Herschorn, S., Goldman, H. B. 2018
Abstract

AIMS: To report the recommendations of the 6th International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI) on post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence.METHODS: The 6th ICI committee on surgical treatment of urinary incontinence in men assessed and reviewed the outcomes of surgical therapy and updated the prior recommendations published in 2013. Articles from peer-reviewed journals, abstracts from scientific meetings, and literature searches by hand and electronically formed the basis of this review. The resulting guidelines were presented at the 2016 ICI meeting in Tokyo, Japan.RESULTS: Voiding diary and pad tests are valuable for assessing quantity of leakage. Cystoscopy and/or urodynamics may be useful in guiding therapy depending on the type of incontinence and presumed etiology. Artificial Urinary Sphincter (AUS) is the preferred treatment for men with moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after RP. Male slings are an acceptable approach for men with mild to moderate SUI. Much discussion centers on the definition of moderate SUI. Injectable agents have a poor success rate in men with SUI. Options for recurrent SUI due to urethral atrophy after AUS implantation include changing the pressure balloon, downsizing the cuff and increasing the amount of fluid in the system. Infection and/or erosion demand surgical removal or revision of all or part of the prosthesis.CONCLUSIONS: Although there are several series reporting the outcomes of different surgical interventions for PPUI, there is still a need for prospective randomized clinical trials. Recommendations for future research include standardized workup and outcome measures, and complete reporting of adverse events at long-term.

View details for DOI 10.1002/nau.23845

View details for PubMedID 30350875
Deputy Editor of Female Urology, Urodynamics, Incontinence, and Pelvic Floor Reconstructive Surgery: Craig Comiter. Urology Comiter, C. 2018; 120: 1
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2018.07.020

View details for PubMedID 30403610
The cost of a catheter: An environmental perspective on single use clean intermittent catheterization. Neurourology and urodynamics Sun, A. J., Comiter, C. V., Elliott, C. S. 2018
Abstract

METHODS: We estimated the prevalence of CIC use in the United States using a neurogenic population, consisting of persons with multiple sclerosis, spina bifida, and spinal cord injury. We measured catheter samples to obtain the amount of waste per catheter.RESULTS: At least 300800 persons in the United States perform CIC for neurogenic bladder management. Assuming five catheterization events per day, the amount of waste generated by single-use CIC is between 26500 to 235400 pounds or 22600 to 564000 liters per day, depending on catheter model.CONCLUSIONS: Single-use CIC may generate up to 85 million pounds or 206 million liters of waste annually, equivalent to more than 26000 cars or 80 Olympic-sized swimming pools. Laid end-to-end, there is enough catheter length circumscribe the world more than 5.5 times. The most common materials used in catheter construction have little to no degradation once in a landfill. Given the unproven clinical benefit of single-use catheterization, the environmental impact and alternatives should be considered.

View details for PubMedID 30106190
Does the Degree of Cystocele Predict De Novo Stress Urinary Incontinence After Prolapse Repair? Further Analysis of the Colpopexy and Urinary Reduction Efforts Trial FEMALE PELVIC MEDICINE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY Davenport, M. T., Sokol, E. R., Comiter, C. V., Elliott, C. S. 2018; 24 (4): 292–94
Abstract

Cystoceles may cause urethral obstruction by altering the vesicourethral angle. Restoration of normal anatomy after pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair can relieve this obstruction but may unmask stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The association between the severity of cystocele and developing de novo SUI after prolapse repair, however, is poorly understood. We hypothesized that, in women undergoing prolapse repair, increasing degrees of bladder prolapse would be associated with increasing rates of postoperative de novo SUI.We performed a secondary analysis of the Colpopexy and Urinary Reduction Efforts (CARE) trial data. Using the control arm (women undergoing prolapse repair without a prophylactic SUI procedure), we identified de novo SUI using a composite definition based on original trial criteria. We performed logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between the degree of cystocele and the development of new SUI.Of the 164 women who underwent abdominal sacrocolpopexy alone, 54% developed de novo postoperative SUI. Stratifying by the degree of anterior prolapse (point Ba), we found a linear increase in the rate of SUI with worsening preoperative cystocele. The incidence of de novo SUI based on the POP Quantification stage of anterior prolapse was 41.3%, 52.5%, and 66.1%, for stage 2, early stage 3, and advanced stage 3 or stage 4, respectively. Point Ba was found to be significantly associated with de novo SUI on both univariate (odds ratio = 1.17, P = 0.015) and multivariate analysis (odds ratio = 1.16, P = 0.04).The incidence of de novo SUI after prolapse repair directly correlates to the degree of cystocele on preoperative examination. This simple yet novel relationship should further guide discussions about potential postoperative incontinence.

View details for PubMedID 28953571
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist as a novel treatment for interstitial cystitis: A rat model. Investigative and clinical urology Mahal, A., Young-Lin, N., Dobberfuhl, A., Estes, J., Comiter, C. V. 2018; 59 (4): 257–62
Abstract

Purpose: To understand the therapeutic potential of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist with a propensity to cause bladder mucosal proliferation, on interstitial cystitis (IC) in a rat model.Materials and Methods: Using a previously described animal model for IC, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with biweekly cyclophosphamide injections (35 mg/kg) to induce cystitis. Animals were divided into 4 groups (n=6 for each group): IC plus daily sham saline gavage (IC+Pio-), IC plus daily pioglitazone gavage (15 mg/kg) (IC+Pio+), normal rats with daily pioglitazone (IC-Pio+), and normal rats with neither IC nor pioglitazone (IC-Pio- or Control). At the end of four weeks, urinary frequency and bladder capacity were measured. Histologic examination of urothelial integrity was also performed.Results: Average voids per hour were significantly lower in IC+Pio+ (4.0±1.9) vs. IC+Pio- (10.0±2.4) rats (p<0.01) and were similar to IC-Pio+ (6.0±1.4) and IC-Pio- (6.0±1.5) controls. Cystometric capacity was significantly higher in IC+Pio+ (0.945±0.122 mL) vs. IC+Pio- rats (0.588±0.165 mL, p=0.01) and was comparable to IC-Pio- capacity (0.817±0.196 mL) and IC-Pio+ capacity (0.941±0.188 mL). Urothelial structural integrity was improved in IC+Pio+ rats versus IC+Pio- rats upon histologic observation.Conclusions: Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, improved bladder function in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis by both observed urinary frequency and measured cystometric capacity. Urothelial structural integrity was also improved. Pioglitazone, due to a propensity to cause bladder mucosal proliferation, may prove useful for treating IC, and deserves further investigation.

View details for PubMedID 29984341
Comparison of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy Before or After Artificial Urinary Sphincter Placement: A Multi-Institutional, Retrospective Analysis UROLOGY Comiter, C. V. 2018; 113: 164
View details for PubMedID 29338948
Volitional Voiding of the Bladder following Spinal Cord Injury: Validation of Bilateral Lower Extremity Motor Function as a Key Predictor. The Journal of urology Elliott, C. S., Dallas, K. B., Zlatev, D., Comiter, C. V., Crew, J., Shem, K. 2018
Abstract

PURPOSE: In many individuals with spinal cord injury a return of volitional bladder voiding is considered more important than regaining motor function. Recently a predictive model using only composite bilateral lower extremity motor scores for levels L2-S1 (range 0 to 50) was proposed by the EMSCI (European Multicenter Study about Spinal Cord Injury) group. The model showed exceptional predictive power with a AUC of 0.912. We sought to further validate the EMSCI model in a national spinal cord injury cohort.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We created models of volitional voiding using the United States NSCID (National Spinal Cord Injury Database) for 2007 to 2016. In addition to testing lower extremity motor scores, we evaluated other patient variables that we hypothesized might affect volitional voiding.RESULTS: Volitional voiding was present in 1,333 of the cohort of 4,327 individuals (30.8%) at 1-year followup. While younger age, female gender, increased sacral sparing, improved AIS (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale) classification and a more caudal sensory level predicted volitional voiding, lower extremity motor scores were most predictive (AUC 0.919). Adding the other patient characteristics did little to improve model performance (full model AUC 0.932). Further analysis of the predictive power of lower extremity motor scores suggested that while the AUC appeared to decrease in persons who were most likely to void volitionally, the performance of the predictive model remained outstanding with a combined AIS C and D AUC of 0.792.CONCLUSIONS: Our study verifies the validity of the EMSCI predictive model of volitional voiding after spinal cord injury. The differing performance of lower extremity motor scores in various AIS classifications should be noted.

View details for PubMedID 29458066
VOLITIONAL VOIDING OF THE BLADDER AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURY: VALIDATION OF BILATERAL LOWER EXTREMITY MOTOR FUNCTION AS A KEY PREDICTOR Elliott, C., Dallas, K., Zlatev, D., Comiter, C., Crew, J., Shem, K. WILEY. 2018: S574–S575
View details for Web of Science ID 000427016100092
SACRAL NEUROMODULATION TINED LEAD INFECTION RATE AT 5 YEARS POST-IMPLANT Siegel, S., Bennett, J., Mangel, J., Comiter, C., Zylstra, S., Griebling, T. L., Bird, E. T., Sutherland, S. E., Kan, F., Berg, K. WILEY. 2018: S647–S648
View details for Web of Science ID 000427016100214
Five-Year Followup Results of a Prospective, Multicenter Study of Patients with Overactive Bladder Treated with Sacral Neuromodulation JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Siegel, S., Noblett, K., Mangel, J., Bennett, J., Griebling, T. L., Sutherland, S. E., Bird, E. T., Comiter, C., Culkin, D., Zylstra, S., Kan, F., Berg, K. 2018; 199 (1): 229–36
Abstract

We evaluated the therapeutic success rate, changes in quality of life and safety of sacral neuromodulation 5 years after InterStim™ implantation. Included in study were subjects with bothersome symptoms of overactive bladder, including urinary urge incontinence and/or urgency-frequency, in whom at least 1 anticholinergic medication failed and 1 medication had not been tried.Therapeutic success was defined as a urinary urge incontinence or urgency-frequency response of 50% or greater improvement in average leaks or voids per day, or return to normal voiding, defined as fewer than 8 voids per day. Quality of life was evaluated by ICIQ-OABqol (International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire). Safety was evaluated through adverse events.Of the 340 subjects who completed the test stimulation 272 had an implant, of whom 91% were female. Mean age was 57 years. At baseline 202 subjects with urinary urge incontinence had a mean ± SD of 3.1 ± 2.7 leaks per day and 189 with urgency-frequency had a mean of 12.6 ± 4.5 voids per day. The 5-year therapeutic success rate was 67% (95% CI 60-74) using modified completers analysis and 82% (95% CI 76-88) using completers analysis. Subjects with urinary urge incontinence had a mean reduction from baseline of 2.0 ± 2.2 leaks per day and subjects with urgency-frequency had a mean reduction of 5.4 ± 4.3 voids per day (each completers analysis p <0.0001). Subjects showed improvement in all ICIQ-OABqol measures (p <0.0001). The most common device related adverse events were an undesirable change in stimulation in 60 of the 272 subjects (22%), implant site pain in 40 (15%) and therapeutic product ineffectiveness in 36 (13%).This multicenter study shows that sacral neuromodulation had sustained efficacy and quality of life improvements, and an acceptable safety profile through 5 years in subjects with overactive bladder.

View details for PubMedID 28709886
Urodynamics of men with urinary retention INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Guo, D. P., Comiter, C. V., Elliott, C. S. 2017; 24 (9): 703–7
Abstract

To describe the urodynamic characteristics of men with urinary retention, and to show the diverse treatment plans based on urodynamic findings.We carried out a 3-year retrospective review of men with urinary retention who were referred to our clinic for urodynamic evaluation. Men with a history of neurogenic voiding dysfunction or major pelvic surgery were excluded. Multichannel videourodynamic studies were carried out, and the subsequent treatment modality offered was recorded.A total of 67 men with urinary retention and a median age of 68 years underwent urodynamic evaluation. The median maximum flow rate was 3 mL/s, and the median detrusor pressure at maximum flow was 54 cm H2 O. Bladder outlet obstruction was diagnosed in 60%. Detrusor underactivity was present in 73% according to the bladder contractility index; however, just 29% were classified as having detrusor underactivity according to isometric detrusor pressure, an alternative measure of contractility. A total of 76% of patients had low detrusor reserve (<20 cm H2 O). Based on urodynamic findings, just 57% of patients were offered de-obstructive surgery.In the present cohort, just 60% of men with urinary retention showed urodynamic evidence of bladder outlet obstruction. Depending on how contractility is measured (bladder contractility index vs isometric detrusor pressure), the rate of detrusor underactivity varies. The majority of men with retention had a low detrusor reserve. Given the wide spectrum of urodynamic findings in men with retention, surgical intervention might not be necessary for all. Furthermore, a careful consideration of urodynamics can assist in the selection of optimal treatment.

View details for PubMedID 28687026
Antibiotic Coating of the Artificial Urinary Sphincter (AMS 800): Is it Worthwhile? UROLOGY Comiter, C. V. 2017; 103: 183–84
View details for PubMedID 28162757
SACRAL NEUROMODULATION IN CALIFORNIA FROM 2005 TO 2011: WHAT ARE THE REAL-WORLD SUCCESS RATES? Dobberfuhl, A. D., Mahal, A., Comiter, C. V., Elliott, C. S. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. 2017: E197
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.juro.2017.02.558

View details for Web of Science ID 000398276600446
A Systematic Approach to the Evaluation and Management of the Failed Artificial Urinary Sphincter. Current urology reports Dobberfuhl, A. D., Comiter, C. V. 2017; 18 (3): 18-?
Abstract

In men with post-prostatectomy incontinence, persistent or recurrent urinary leakage following artificial urinary sphincter placement is a frustrating complaint. Surgical failure can be classified as occurring early in the post-operative period vs. late-following a period of established continence-and should be managed according to the time course and severity of urinary leakage. We present a systematic approach for the evaluation and treatment of the failed artificial urinary sphincter. After considering the patient's individualized treatment goals and impact on quality of life, the clinician can more appropriately advise patients on a management strategy for their recurrent or persistent urinary incontinence following artificial urinary sphincter placement.

View details for DOI 10.1007/s11934-017-0666-y

View details for PubMedID 28233225
EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF LIFE IMPROVEMENTS AT 5 YEARS IN SUBJECTS WITH OVERACTIVE BLADDER TREATED WITH SACRAL NEUROMODULATION USING THE INTERSTIM (R) SYSTEM Noblett, K. L., Bennett, J., Mangel, J., Comiter, C. V., Zylstra, S., Bird, E. T., Griebling, T. L., Culkin, D. J., Sutherland, S. E., Berg, K., Kan, F., Siegel, S. W. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2017: S98–S99
View details for Web of Science ID 000394664900182
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN ENHANCED 12-RAT METABOLIC CAGE EQUIPPED WITH A NOVEL 100-GRAM LOAD CELL SENSOR INTERFACE Dobberfuhl, A. D., Chen, B., Han, X., Diaz, E., Comiter, C. V. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2017: S19
View details for Web of Science ID 000394664900027
AMBULATORY AND CYSTOMETRIC RESPONSE FOLLOWING SINGLE VERSUS MULTIPLE ONABOTULINUMTOXINA DETRUSOR INJECTIONS IN A RAT MODEL OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER INDUCED BY INTRAVESICAL ACETIC ACID Dobberfuhl, A. D., Chen, B., Han, X., Diaz, E., Comiter, C. V. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2017: S19–S20
View details for Web of Science ID 000394664900028
RESULTS OF A PROSPECTIVE, MULTICENTER STUDY EVALUATING THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SACRAL NEUROMODULATION THROUGH 5 YEARS IN SUBJECTS WITH SYMPTOMS OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER Siegel, S. W., Bennett, J., Mangel, J., Comiter, C. V., Zylstra, S., Bird, E. T., Griebling, T. L., Culkin, D. J., Sutherland, S. E., Berg, K., Kan, F., Noblett, K. L. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2017: S48–S49
View details for Web of Science ID 000394664900083
SACRAL NEUROMODULATION IN CALIFORNIA FROM 2005 TO 2011: WHAT ARE THE REAL-WORLD SUCCESS RATES? Dobberfuhl, A. D., Mahal, A. S., Comiter, C. V., Elliott, C. S. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2017: S50–S51
View details for Web of Science ID 000394664900087
Sleep Apnea and Circadian Extracellular Fluid Change as Independent Factors for Nocturnal Polyuria Editorial Comment JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Comiter, C. V. 2016; 196 (4): 1188–89
View details for PubMedID 27371777
Three-year Follow-up Results of a Prospective, Multicenter Study in Overactive Bladder Subjects Treated With Sacral Neuromodulation. Urology Siegel, S., Noblett, K., Mangel, J., Griebling, T. L., Sutherland, S. E., Bird, E. T., Comiter, C., Culkin, D., Bennett, J., Zylstra, S., Kan, F., Thiery, E. 2016; 94: 57-63
Abstract

To evaluate the therapeutic success rate, and changes in quality of life (QOL) and safety in subjects using sacral neuromodulation (InterStim System) at 36 months. Subjects with bothersome symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) including urinary urge incontinence (UI) and/or urgency frequency (UF), who had failed at least 1 anticholinergic medication, and had at least 1 untried medication were included.Subjects with successful test stimulation received an InterStim implant. Therapeutic success and quality of life through 36 months was evaluated in implanted subjects with data at baseline and follow-up. Safety was evaluated using reported adverse events.A total of 340 subjects received test stimulation resulting in 272 implanted subjects. Demographics include 91% female, mean age of 57 years, and baseline symptom severity of 3.1 ± 2.7 leaks/day (UI) and 12.6 ± 4.5 voids/day (UF). The analysis showed an OAB therapeutic success rate of 83% (95% confidence interval: 78%-88%). UI subjects had a mean reduction from baseline of 2.3 ± 2.3 leaks/day whereas UF subjects had a mean reduction of 5.3 ± 4.0 voids/day (both P < .0001). Statistically significant improvements were observed in all measures of the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-OABqol (all P < .0001). Eighty percent of subjects reported improvements in their urinary symptom interference. Device-related adverse events occurred in 47% (127/272) of subjects post-implant; 91% were resolved at the time of this analysis.The 36-month follow-up data from the multicenter study demonstrate sustained safety, effectiveness, and improved QOL in subjects implanted with InterStim, without requiring failure of all medications.

View details for DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2016.04.024

View details for PubMedID 27131966
Minimally Invasive Prostate Convective Water Vapor Energy Ablation: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia EDITORIAL COMMENT JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Comiter, C. V. 2016; 195 (5): 1537–38
View details for PubMedID 26916473
OUR 10-YEAR EXPERIENCE WITH FEMALE URETHROLYSIS: URETHRAL PRESSURE PROFILOMETRY CORRELATES WITH DEGREE OF OBSTRUCTION IN CLINICALLY OBSTRUCTED WOMEN AFTER ANTI-INCONTINENCE PROCEDURE Dobberfuhl, A. D., Comiter, C. V. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. 2016: E49–E50
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.2031

View details for Web of Science ID 000375278600112
Results of a prospective, multicenter study evaluating quality of life, safety, and efficacy of sacral neuromodulation at twelve months in subjects with symptoms of overactive bladder NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS Noblett, K., Siegel, S., Mangel, J., Griebling, T. L., Sutherland, S. E., Bird, E. T., Comiter, C., Culkin, D., Bennett, J., Zylstra, S., Kan, F., Berg, K. C. 2016; 35 (2): 246-251
Abstract

This prospective, multicenter post-approval study evaluated the success rate of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) with the InterStim® System at 12-months. Subjects with bothersome symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) including urinary urge incontinence (UI) or urgency-frequency (UF), who failed at least one anticholinergic medication and had at least one not tried were included.Subjects with successful test stimulation received an SNM implant. Therapeutic success (≥50% improvement in average leaks/day or voids/day or a return to normal voiding frequency [<8 voids/day]) and quality of life through 12 months were evaluated for implanted subjects.Of the 340 subjects that went through test stimulation, 272 were implanted with SNM. Of these, 91% were female, mean age was 57, UI subjects had 3.1 ± 2.7 leaks/day, UF subjects had 12.6 ± 4.5 voids/day. The analysis which includes all implanted subjects with diary data at baseline and 12 months showed an OAB therapeutic success rate of 85% at 12 months. UI subjects had a mean reduction of 2.2 ± 2.7 leaks/day; UF subjects had a mean reduction of 5.1 ± 4.1 voids/day (both P < 0.0001). Subjects showed significant improvement from baseline in all measures of ICIQ-OABqol (all P < 0.0001). 80% of subjects reported improved changes in their urinary symptom interference at 12 months. Device-related adverse events occurred in 16% (56/340) of subjects during test stimulation and 30% (82/272) of subjects post-implant.This multicenter study shows SNM is safe and effective and results in improved outcomes through 12 months in subjects with OAB symptoms, without requiring failure of all medications. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:246-251, 2016. © 2014 The Authors. Neurourology and Urodynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

View details for DOI 10.1002/nau.22707

View details for Web of Science ID 000370473400017

View details for PubMedID 25546568
OVERACTIVE BLADDER PATHWAY AND MEDICAL HISTORY IN A LARGE PROSPECTIVE TRIAL OF SACRAL NEUROMODULATION THERAPY FOR OAB PATIENTS Comiter, C., Mangel, J., Bird, E. T., Griebling, T. L., Culkin, D., Sutherland, S. E., Bolstrom, S., Kan, F., Siegel, S. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2016: S67
View details for Web of Science ID 000369726700159
ISOMETRIC DETRUSOR CONTRACTILE RESERVE PREDICTS IMMEDIATE RECOVERY OF SPONTANEOUS VOIDING AFTER TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF PROSTATE Dobberfuhl, A. D., Comiter, C. V. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2016: S95
View details for Web of Science ID 000369726700234
ARE BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS PREDICTIVE OF SACRAL NEUROMODULATION TEST STIMULATION RESPONSE IN A LARGE MULTICENTER TRIAL? Siegel, S., Bennett, J., Mangel, J., Comiter, C., Bird, E., Griebling, T. L., Culkin, D., Sutherland, S. E., Noblett, K., Berg, K., Kan, F. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2016: S100
View details for Web of Science ID 000369726700247
The artificial urinary sphincter and male sling for postprostatectomy incontinence: Which patient should get which procedure? Investigative and clinical urology Comiter, C. V., Dobberfuhl, A. D. 2016; 57 (1): 3-13
Abstract

Surgery is the most efficacious treatment for postprostatectomy incontinence. The ideal surgical approach depends on a variety of patient factors including history of prior incontinence surgery or radiation treatment, bladder contractility, severity of leakage, and patient expectations. Most patients choose to avoid a mechanical device, opting for the male sling over the artificial urinary sphincter. The modern male sling has continued to evolve with respect to device design and surgical technique. Various types of slings address sphincteric incompetence via different mechanisms of action. The recommended surgery, however, must be individualized to the patient based on degree of incontinence, detrusor contractility, and urethral compliance. A thorough urodynamic evaluation is indicated for the majority of patients, and the recommendation for an artificial urinary sphincter, a transobturator sling, or a quadratic sling will depend on urodynamic findings and the patient's particular preference. As advancements in this field evolve, and our understanding of the pathophysiology of incontinence and mechanisms of various devices improves, we expect to see continued evolution in device design.

View details for DOI 10.4111/icu.2016.57.1.3

View details for PubMedID 26966721

View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4778750
Can We Improve the Functional Outcomes of Orthotopic Diversion in Women? EUROPEAN UROLOGY Skinner, E. C., Comiter, C. V. 2015; 68 (4): 672–73
View details for PubMedID 26071790
Conscious Neuromodulation of the Bladder before Clinical Use JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Comiter, C. V. 2015; 194 (1): 16–17
View details for PubMedID 25865202
Chronic Sacral Nerve Stimulation as a Novel Treatment for Stress Urinary Incontinence-A Rat Model NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS Richardson, M. L., Balise, R. R., Comiter, C. V. 2015; 34 (3): 270-273
Abstract

We propose an animal model to evaluate the effect of chronic sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) on surgically induced intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) secondary to transabdominal urethrolysis (U-Lys).Twenty-five 6-week old virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control (CTRL), U-Lys only, SNS only, and both (U-Lys/SNS). Groups CTRL (N = 5) and U-Lys only (N = 5) were maintained in the animal research facility in standard fashion for 2 weeks. Groups SNS only (N = 5) and U-Lys/SNS (N = 10) underwent chronic SNS for 6 continuous hours daily for 2 weeks. Retrograde leak point pressure (RLPP) was measured at baseline and at 2 weeks following observation or treatment. Five consecutive RLPP measurements were averaged per measurement cycle. SAS 9.3 was used to evaluate means and standard deviation.Baseline mean RLPP was 65 mmHg. The U-Lys only group mean RLPP at initial urethrolysis (58 mmHg) decreased (31 mmHg, P < 0.0001) after 2 weeks of observation. In the SNS only group, mean RLPP significantly increased from baseline (73 mmHg) after 2 weeks of chronic SNS stimulation (80 mmHg, P < 0.01). In rats that underwent both U-Lys and SNS stimulation mean RLPP was initially low (46 mmHg) after U-Lys and then significantly increased after 2 weeks of SNS (65 mmHg, P < 0.0001).Chronic SNS mediates an improvement in urethral sphincteric function at stimulation parameters similar to those used in humans for treating voiding dysfunction. SNS increased urethral resistance in rats with and without surgically induced ISD. Neurourol. Urodynam. 2014 © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

View details for DOI 10.1002/nau.22550

View details for Web of Science ID 000352152900012

View details for PubMedID 24375804
Results of a Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Study Evaluating Sacral Neuromodulation With InterStim Therapy Compared to Standard Medical Therapy at 6-Months in Subjects With Mild Symptoms of Overactive Bladder NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS Siegel, S., Noblett, K., Mangel, J., Griebling, T. L., Sutherland, S. E., Bird, E. T., Comiter, C., Culkin, D., Bennett, J., Zylstra, S., Berg, K. C., Kan, F., Irwin, C. P. 2015; 34 (3): 224-230
Abstract

This prospective, randomized, multicenter trial evaluated the 6-month success rate of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) with InterStim® Therapy versus standard medical therapy (SMT) for overactive bladder (OAB).Enrolled subjects discontinued OAB medications prior to and during baseline data collection and were randomized 1:1 to SNM or SMT. Subjects had bothersome symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) including urinary urge incontinence (≥2 leaks/72 hr) and/or urgency-frequency (≥8 voids/day). Subjects failed at least one anticholinergic medication, and had at least one medication not yet attempted. The primary objective was to compare OAB therapeutic success rate at 6 months between SNM and SMT.Overall, 147 subjects were randomized (70 to SNM and 77 to SMT); 93% were female and mean age was 58. The primary intent to treat analysis showed OAB therapeutic success was significantly greater in the SNM group (61%) than the SMT group (42%; P = 0.02). In the as treated analysis, OAB therapeutic success was 76% for SNM and 49% for SMT (P = 0.002). The SNM group showed significant improvements in quality of life versus the SMT group (all P < 0.001) and 86% of SNM subjects reported improved or greatly improved urinary symptom interference score at 6 months, compared to 44% for SMT subjects. The device-related adverse event rate was 30.5% and the medication-related adverse event rate was 27.3%.This study demonstrates superior objective and subjective success of SNM compared to SMT. SNM is shown to be a safe and effective treatment for OAB patients with mild to moderate symptoms. Neurourol. Urodynam. 34:224-230, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

View details for DOI 10.1002/nau.22544

View details for Web of Science ID 000352152900005

View details for PubMedID 24415559
Surgery for postprostatectomy incontinence: which procedure for which patient? NATURE REVIEWS UROLOGY Comiter, C. 2015; 12 (2): 91-99
Abstract

Surgery remains the most effective treatment for postprostatectomy incontinence. Over the past two decades, this surgery has evolved with respect to both operative technique and sling design, and various devices are now available that have different mechanisms of action, such as the artificial urinary sphincter, retroluminal sling or quadratic sling. The choice of device, however, should be individualized according to the circumstances of each patient. The optimal surgical treatment depends on a variety of patient-related factors, including the degree of urine leakage as assessed by incontinence pad weight test results, bladder contractility, urethral compliance, history of radiation exposure or prior incontinence surgery, and patient preference--given the choice, most patients opt for a sling procedure over an artificial sphincter to avoid implantation of a mechanical device. Athorough urodynamic evaluation is, therefore, necessary for the majority of patients. An artificial urinary sphincter, retroluminal sling or quadratic sling might be the most appropriate choice for a particular patient, depending on their specific urodynamic findings. Progress in this field continues, and several new devices are in development.

View details for DOI 10.1038/nrurol.2014.346

View details for Web of Science ID 000349619300008

View details for PubMedID 25558839
Results: OF A PROSPECIVE, MULTICENTER STUDY EVALUATING THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SACRAL NEUROMODULATION THROUGH 36 MONTHS IN SUBJECTS WITH SYMPTOMS OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER Siegel, S., Bennett, J., Mangel, J., Comiter, C., Bird, E., Griebling, T. L., Sutherland, S. E., Bolstrom, S., Kan, F., Noblett, K. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2015: S88
View details for Web of Science ID 000349293400202
The Effect of Angiotensin Inhibition on Urinary Incontinence: Data From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2008) NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS Elliott, C. S., Comiter, C. V. 2014; 33 (8): 1178-1181
Abstract

Local renin-angiotensin systems exist within the genitourinary tract, specifically in the bladder and urethra. Experimental data suggest that angiotensin receptor blockade with either angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) decreases both detrusor overactivity and urethral sphincter tone leading to decreased urge incontinence (UUI) and increased stress urinary incontinence (SUI). This has not been examined in a human population.Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was accessed for the years 2001-2008. Multivariate logistic regression was used for modeling.We studied 8,754 females and 8,886 males who met inclusion criteria. Use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs was not associated with a change in SUI in either men or women. In men, use of an ACE inhibitor or ARB was associated with a statistically significant 25-30% decrease in UUI (monthly or any urge incontinence). A similar, albeit non-significant trend was also seen for daily and weekly UUI. Other antihypertensive medications (diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers) were not associated with a decrease in UUI. In subanalysis, duration of ACE inhibitor or ARB use did not alter the strength of the effect on UUI nor did an elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) level (used as a surrogate for bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hypertrophy). ACE inhibitor and ARB use did not affect UUI rates in women, though did show a trend for improvement in nulliparous women without SUI.Angiotensin receptor blockade may be a viable treatment approach for the treatment of UUI, especially in men.

View details for DOI 10.1002/nau.22480

View details for Web of Science ID 000343863200003

View details for PubMedID 24038343
The Virtue Sling-A New Quadratic Sling for Postprostatectomy Incontinence-Results of a Multinational Clinical Trial UROLOGY Comiter, C. V., Rhee, E. Y., Tu, L., Herschorn, S., Nitti, V. W. 2014; 84 (2): 433-438
Abstract

To successfully perform male sling surgery, and the surgery must achieve proximal urethral relocation and/or bulbar urethral compression. The Virtue quadratic sling is a novel device that incorporates both mechanisms of action. We report the 1-year results of the Virtue sling with fixation and compare it with the results of the initial "unfixed" sling trial.A prospective trial was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of the Virtue sling. Objective success was predefined as >50% decrease in 24-hour pad weight and subjective success as a score of "much" or "very much" better on the Patient Global Impression of Improvement. Subgroups were analyzed by baseline incontinence: mild (<100 g), moderate (100-400 g), and severe (>400 g). After analysis of the 1-year data, a second clinical trial incorporating a novel "fixation" technique was performed, with similar outcome measures.In the initial cohort, subjective and objective successes were achieved in 41.9% at 12 months. Median pad weight reduction was 51.1% at 12 months and varied with the degree of baseline leakage. In the fixation cohort, subjective and objective successes were 70.9% and 79.2%, median pad weight reduction was 88.3% at 12 months, and efficacy was similar regardless of baseline incontinence. There were no cases of prolonged retention and no severe adverse events.The Virtue sling with fixation is a safe and efficacious treatment for postprostatectomy incontinence. Superior 12-month results compared with the unfixed device demonstrate that fixation prevents early sling loosening.

View details for DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2014.02.062

View details for Web of Science ID 000341365500056

View details for PubMedID 24972946
The Virtue Sling-A New Quadratic Sling for Postprostatectomy Incontinence-Results of a Multinational Clinical Trial REPLY UROLOGY Comiter, C. V. 2014; 84 (2): 439
View details for PubMedID 24972943
Urodynamics for Postprostatectomy Incontinence When Are They Helpful and How Do We Use Them? UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA Jura, Y. H., Comiter, C. V. 2014; 41 (3): 419-+
Abstract

Urodynamics is indicated for the evaluation of postprostatectomy incontinence unless an artificial urinary sphincter placement is the preferred option, as in cases of severe incontinence, prior radiation, or previous male sling or artificial urinary sphincter placement--when male sling is unlikely to achieve efficacy. Urodynamics should be performed only when there is a question it can answer that would affect treatment choice or outcome. Urodynamic findings of detrusor underactivity, overactivity, and reduced compliance are important considerations in deciding how best to treat postprostatectomy incontinence.

View details for PubMedID 25063598
Evaluation and Treatment of Persistent Stress Urinary Incontinence after Male Anti-Incontinence Procedure - AUS or Sling CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS Jura, Y. H., Comiter, C. V. 2014; 9 (2): 90–95
View details for DOI 10.1007/s11884-014-0234-y

View details for Web of Science ID 000420070500004
Extended Outcomes in the Treatment of Male Stress Urinary Incontinence With a Transobturator Sling EDITORIAL COMMENT UROLOGY Comiter, C. V. 2014; 83 (4): 944
View details for PubMedID 24507894
INFECTION RATE AT 12 MONTHS IN A LARGE PROSPECTIVE TRIAL OF SACRAL NEUROMODULATION FOR OVERACTIVE BLADDER PATIENTS Bennett, J., Mangel, J., Comiter, C., Zylstra, S., Bird, E., Griebling, T. L., Culkin, D., Sutherland, S. E., Noblett, K., Berg, K., Kan, F., Siegel, S. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2014: 176–77
View details for Web of Science ID 000331012800032
Improving the accuracy of prolapse and incontinence procedure epidemiology by utilizing both inpatient and outpatient data INTERNATIONAL UROGYNECOLOGY JOURNAL Elliott, C. S., Rhoads, K. F., Comiter, C. V., Chen, B., Sokol, E. R. 2013; 24 (11): 1939-1946
Abstract

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The epidemiologic description of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) procedures is documented in several large studies using national database cohorts. These studies, however, may underestimate the number of procedures performed because they only capture procedures performed in either the inpatient or outpatient settings alone. We present a complete annual description of all inpatient and outpatient surgeries for POP and SUI in California. METHODS: We reviewed a record of all inpatient and outpatient POP and SUI surgeries performed in California in 2008 using data from the Office of Statewide Health Planning (OSHPD). RESULTS: In 2008, 20,004 and 20,330 women in California underwent POP and SUI procedures, respectively. Of these, 3,134 (15.6 %) and 9,016 (44.3 %) were performed in an outpatient setting. The age-adjusted rates of POP and SUI were 1.20 and 1.20 per 1,000 US females, respectively. This correlates to 186,000 POP and 186,000 SUI procedures per year nationally. Vaginal apical suspensions were more common in those undergoing surgery as an inpatient (45.1 vs 19.4 %). The use of mesh to augment prolapse repairs was similar (22.3 % inpatient vs 19.3 % outpatient). SUI procedures performed in the outpatient setting were more likely to be performed as stand-alone procedures (82.9 vs 18.8 %, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In California, 16 % of POP and 44 % of SUI procedures were performed in an outpatient surgical setting in 2008. Epidemiologic studies of POP and SUI should account for the fact that a substantial number of repairs are performed in the outpatient setting in order to achieve accuracy.

View details for DOI 10.1007/s00192-013-2113-z

View details for PubMedID 23640007
To sling or not to sling at time of abdominal sacrocolpopexy: a cost-effectiveness analysis. journal of urology Richardson, M. L., Elliott, C. S., Shaw, J. G., Comiter, C. V., Chen, B., Sokol, E. R. 2013; 190 (4): 1306-1312
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To compare the cost-effectiveness of three strategies for use of a mid-urethral sling (MUS) to prevent occult stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in those undergoing abdominal sacrocolpopexy (ASC). METHODS: Using decision-analysis modeling, we compared cost-effectiveness over a 1 year post-operative time period of three treatment approaches: 1) ASC alone with deferred option for MUS; 2) ASC with universal concomitant MUS; and 3) preoperative urodynamic study (UDS) for selective MUS. Using published data, we modeled probabilities of SUI after ASC with or without MUS, the predictive value of UDS to detect occult SUI, and the likelihood of complications after MUS. Costs were derived from Medicare 2010 reimbursement rates. The main outcome modeled was incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) per quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gained. In addition to base-case analysis, one-way sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: In our model, universally performing MUS at the time of ASC was the most cost-effective approach, with an incremental cost per QALY gained of $2867 when compared to performing ASC alone. Preoperative UDS was more costly and less effective than universally performing intraoperative MUS. The cost-effectiveness of ASC + MUS was robust to sensitivity analysis, with a cost-effectiveness ratio consistently below $20,000 per QALY. CONCLUSIONS: Universal concomitant MUS is the most cost-effective prophylaxis strategy for occult SUI in women undergoing ASC. The use of pre-operative UDS to guide MUS placement at the time of ASC is not cost-effective.

View details for DOI 10.1016/j.juro.2013.03.046

View details for PubMedID 23524201
Detrusor Underactivity in Men Following Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy - Prevalence, Importance and Evaluation CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS Elliott, C. S., Comiter, C. V. 2013; 8 (3): 223–28
View details for DOI 10.1007/s11884-013-0189-4

View details for Web of Science ID 000420065100007
Labioplasty for hypertrophic labia minora contributing to recurrent urinary tract infections. Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery Wu, J. A., Braschi, E. J., Gulminelli, P. L., Comiter, C. V. 2013; 19 (2): 121-123
Abstract

Reduction labioplasty for hypertrophic labia minora is often performed for aesthetic reasons by cosmetic vaginal surgeons. However, hypertrophy of the labia minora can also result in significant morbidity because it causes physical discomfort during activity and interferes with the ability to maintain local hygiene and perform intermittent self-catheterization in certain patients.We describe a case in which a commonly used technique for reduction labioplasty was performed on a patient who had difficulty performing intermittent catheterization and report on the aesthetic and functional outcomes.A linear resection labioplasty was performed in a 13-year-old girl who was having increasing difficulty performing intermittent self-catheterization because of redundant labial tissue. She was also developing frequent recurrent urinary tract infections thought to be secondary to difficulty maintaining local hygiene and reduced compliance with her intermittent catheterization regimen.An excellent cosmetic and functional result was achieved with the procedure. Comparison of preoperative and postoperative photographs demonstrates the extent of the reduction labioplasty. The patient has not had any more difficulty with catheterization or recurrent urinary tract infections in 30 months of follow-up.Reduction labioplasty is indicated for hypertrophic labia minora for more than aesthetic reasons. We describe a case in which the procedure allowed the patient to more easily perform intermittent catheterization and helped eliminate her recurrent urinary tract infections.

View details for DOI 10.1097/SPV.0b013e31827de473

View details for PubMedID 23442511
Labioplasty for Hypertrophic Labia Minora Contributing to Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections FEMALE PELVIC MEDICINE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY Wu, J. A., Braschi, E. J., Gulminelli, P. L., Comiter, C. V. 2013; 19 (2): 121-123
Abstract

Reduction labioplasty for hypertrophic labia minora is often performed for aesthetic reasons by cosmetic vaginal surgeons. However, hypertrophy of the labia minora can also result in significant morbidity because it causes physical discomfort during activity and interferes with the ability to maintain local hygiene and perform intermittent self-catheterization in certain patients.We describe a case in which a commonly used technique for reduction labioplasty was performed on a patient who had difficulty performing intermittent catheterization and report on the aesthetic and functional outcomes.A linear resection labioplasty was performed in a 13-year-old girl who was having increasing difficulty performing intermittent self-catheterization because of redundant labial tissue. She was also developing frequent recurrent urinary tract infections thought to be secondary to difficulty maintaining local hygiene and reduced compliance with her intermittent catheterization regimen.An excellent cosmetic and functional result was achieved with the procedure. Comparison of preoperative and postoperative photographs demonstrates the extent of the reduction labioplasty. The patient has not had any more difficulty with catheterization or recurrent urinary tract infections in 30 months of follow-up.Reduction labioplasty is indicated for hypertrophic labia minora for more than aesthetic reasons. We describe a case in which the procedure allowed the patient to more easily perform intermittent catheterization and helped eliminate her recurrent urinary tract infections.

View details for DOI 10.1097/SPV.0b013e31827de473

View details for Web of Science ID 000209178800012
VAGINAL FLAP URETHROPLASTY FOR FEMALE URETHRAL STRICTURE DISEASE - THE STANFORD EXPERIENCE Winter Meeting of the Society-for-Urodynamics-and-Female-Urology (SUFU) Jura, Y., Elliott, C., Comiter, C., Payne, C. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2013: 175–75
View details for Web of Science ID 000315223200156
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INPATIENT AND OUTPATIENT PROLAPSE AND INCONTINENCE PROCEDURES IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA Elliott, C., Rhoads, K., Comiter, C., Chen, B., Sokol, E. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2013: 193
View details for Web of Science ID 000315223200198
THE EFFECT OF ANGIOTENSIN INHIBITION ON URINARY INCONTINENCE - DATA FROM THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (2001-2008) Elliott, C., Comiter, C. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2013: 123–24
View details for Web of Science ID 000315223200042
RESULTS OF A PROSPECIVE, MULTICENTER STUDY EVALUATING THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF SACRAL NEUROMODULATION THROUGH 12-MONTH FOLLOW-UP IN SUBJECTS WITH MILDER SYMPTOMS OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER Siegel, S., Bennett, J., Mangel, J., Comiter, C., Zylstra, S., Bird, E., Griebling, T., Pinson, T., Culkin, D., Sutherland, S., Berg, K., Irwin, C. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2013: 154–55
View details for Web of Science ID 000315223200109
ACUTE SACRAL NERVE STIMULATION AS A NOVEL TREATMENT FOR STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE - A RAT MODEL Winter Meeting of the Society-for-Urodynamics-and-Female-Urology (SUFU) Richardson, M., Comiter, C. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2013: 154–54
View details for Web of Science ID 000315223200107
Measuring bladder strength: Letter. Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada Elliott, C. S., Comiter, C. V. 2013; 7 (1-2): 18-?
View details for DOI 10.5489/cuaj.231

View details for PubMedID 23671487

View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3650810
The Predictive Value of a Cystocele for Concomitant Vaginal Apical Prolapse JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Elliott, C. S., Yeh, J., Comiter, C. V., Chen, B., Sokol, E. R. 2013; 189 (1): 200-203
Abstract

Recent studies showing a correlation between descent of the anterior and apical vaginal compartments suggest that cystoceles may recur if associated apical prolapse is not corrected. However, to date the anatomical relationship of apical prolapse with respect to cystocele has been incompletely reported. We present the predictive value of a cystocele for clinically significant vaginal apical prolapse.We retrospectively reviewed the records of all new patient visits to a urogynecology clinic in a 30-month period. Women with a point Ba value of -1 or greater (stage 2 cystocele and above) were included in analysis. Predictive values of clinically significant apical prolapse, defined as point C -3 or greater, were calculated and stratified by cystocele stage.A total of 385 women were included in study. Point Ba was the leading edge of prolapse in 83.9% of cases. The position of Ba strongly correlated with that of the vaginal apex (Spearman ρ = 0.769, p <0.001). Overall 59.7% of patients had a point C of -3 or greater. The finding of clinically significant apical prolapse increased significantly with increasing Ba values. Of patients with stage 2, 3 and 4 cystocele point C was -3 or greater in 42%, 85% and 100%, respectively.The finding of stage 2 or greater cystocele is highly suggestive of clinically significant apical vaginal descent to -3 or greater. Furthermore, as cystocele stage increases, the predictive value of apical prolapse also increases. Surgeons contemplating cystocele repair should have high suspicion for vaginal apical prolapse and consider concomitant repair.

View details for DOI 10.1016/j.juro.2012.08.177

View details for PubMedID 23174246
Evaluation and Management of Urinary Retention and Voiding Dysfunction After Sling Surgery for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS Elliott, C. S., Comiter, C. V. 2012; 7 (4): 268–74
View details for DOI 10.1007/s11884-012-0150-y

View details for Web of Science ID 000420058600005
Maximum Isometric Detrusor Pressure to Measure Bladder Strength in Men With Postprostatectomy Incontinence UROLOGY Elliott, C. S., Comiter, C. V. 2012; 80 (5): 1111-1115
Abstract

To describe the use of isovolumetric detrusor pressure (Piso) in men with postprostatectomy incontinence and compare the rates of detrusor underactivity using Piso versus other common measurements/surrogates of bladder strength.We evaluated 62 men referred to our institution during a 3-year period for workup of postprostatectomy incontinence. During videourodynamic evaluation, the maximum Piso was measured using a mechanical stop test--with the examiner gently occluding the penile urethra during volitional voiding. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of patient variables on Piso.The mean Piso was 54.6 ± 25.4 cm H(2)O. The Piso was <50 cm H(2)O in 40%. Isometric strength did not significantly correlate with age, interval since radical prostatectomy, abdominal leak point pressure, maximal urethral closure pressure, or pad use. The bladder contractility index and other approximations of detrusor underactivity were not predictive of low isometric pressure.Detrusor underactivity is relatively common in men with postprostatectomy incontinence, with 40% demonstrating a Piso <50 cm H(2)O. Our data do suggest, however, that the use of common bladder contractility nomograms, such as the bladder contractility index, might not be appropriate in this population.

View details for DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2012.07.025

View details for Web of Science ID 000310566300043

View details for PubMedID 22990061
Editorial Comment to Bone-anchored sling using the Mini Quick Anchor Plus and polypropylene mesh to treat post-radical prostatectomy incontinence: Early experience INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Comiter, C. V. 2012; 19 (10): 960-961
View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03084.x

View details for Web of Science ID 000309067500017

View details for PubMedID 22788535
Angiotensin II type 1 (AT-1) receptor inhibition partially prevents the urodynamic and detrusor changes associated with bladder outlet obstruction: a mouse model BJU INTERNATIONAL Comiter, C., Phull, H. S. 2012; 109 (12): 1841-1846
Abstract

Study Type - Therapy (case control) Level of Evidence 3b What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Angiotensin II is the main effector peptide in the bladder local renin-angiotensin system. This experiment demonstrates the role of this local renin-angiotensin system with respect to bladder outlet obstruction.• To determine if treatment with an angiotensin II type 1 (AT-1) receptor antagonist, losartan, can prevent the structural and functional changes that occur in a mouse model of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).• Twenty-four Balb/CAN mice underwent partial urethral obstruction for 6 weeks. • Twelve mice were given oral losartan (10 mg/kg/day), and 12 were not. Six mice served as unobstructed controls, and six unobstructed mice were given oral losartan (10 mg/kg/day) to determine the effect of angiotensin II inhibition on the normal bladder. • Bladder capacity (C), detrusor pressure during voiding (Pdet) and volume at first non-voiding contraction (NVC1) as a percentage of C were recorded after 6 weeks. • Bladders were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for measurement of detrusor muscular thickness, and graded as 1 = atrophy (<100 µm thick), 2 = normal (100-200 µm thick), 3 = hypertrophy (>200 µm thick) compared with controls.• Compared with controls, BOO mice had greater C (153.5 ± 20.9 vs 57.5 ± 7.4 µl, P < 0.01), higher Pdet (28.8 ± 2.1 vs 12.1 ± 2.1 mm Hg), lower NVC1 (median = 24% vs 54% P= 0.03). BOO mice manifested greater bladder weight (93.2 ± 11.7 mg vs 26.8 ± 2.40 mg, P < 0.01) and greater detrusor muscle thickness (median 3 vs 2, P= 0.02). • Compared with untreated BOO mice, mice treated with losartan had greater mean C (248.8 ± 28.6 vs 153.5 ± 20.9 µL, P= 0.01), no significant change in mean Pdet (24.7 ± 1.6 vs 28.8 ± 2.1 mm Hg, P= 0.2) and a higher mean NVC1 (47% vs 24%, P= 0.02). • Treatment with losartan mediated an insignificant reduction in mean bladder weight (68.1 ± 9.1 mg vs 93.2 ± 11.7 mg, P= 0.10), but a significant reduction in detrusor muscle thickness (median 2 vs 3, P= 0.02). Losartan did not mediate any significant structural or functional changes in the unobstructed mouse bladder.• In a mouse model of BOO, treatment with an AT-1 antagonist partially prevented the urodynamic and structural changes that otherwise occur with BOO.

View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10580.x

View details for Web of Science ID 000304302200025

View details for PubMedID 21939491
A New Quadratic Sling for Male Stress Incontinence: Retrograde Leak Point Pressure as a Measure of Urethral Resistance JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Comiter, C. V., Nitti, V., Elliot, C., Rhee, E. 2012; 187 (2): 563-568
Abstract

Objective methods are essential for evaluating post-prostatectomy incontinence. While symptom score and pad weight may be the most useful methods to evaluate preoperative vs postoperative continence, neither is useful for guiding intraoperative sling tension. The Virtue quadratic sling (Coloplast, Humlebaek, Denmark) is a new device for treating post-prostatectomy incontinence that combines a transobturator and prepubic surgical approach. We examined urethral resistance by measuring retrograde leak point pressure during key portions of the surgery.A total of 22 consecutive men who elected to undergo Virtue sling surgery were evaluated with retrograde leak point pressure before and during the surgery. Retrograde leak point pressure was measured via perfusion sphincterometry at baseline, after transobturator tensioning, after prepubic tensioning, and after transobturator and prepubic arms were secured in place.Mean patient age was 70 years. Mean baseline retrograde leak point pressure was 33.4 ± 8.8 cm water. After transobturator tensioning, mean retrograde leak point pressure increased to 43.3 ± 6.8 cm water. After prepubic tensioning mean retrograde leak point pressure was 55.8 ± 8.7, and final retrograde leak point pressure after transobturator and prepubic fixation increased to 68.8 ± 6.0 cm water. Each mean retrograde leak point pressure value was significantly higher than the preceding value.The Virtue sling provides ventral urethral elevation using a transobturator approach, and a long segment of urethral compression against the genitourinary diaphragm via a straightforward prepubic technique without the risks of bone screws or retropubic needle passage. Transobturator and prepubic components of the quadratic fixation contributed to increasing urethral resistance as measured by intraoperative retrograde leak point pressure. This quadratic technique has a potentially greater ability to provide urethral compression than does a purely perineal or transobturator sling.

View details for DOI 10.1016/j.juro.2011.09.152

View details for Web of Science ID 000299070400070

View details for PubMedID 22177174
THE ANATOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANTERIOR VAGINAL WALL AND THE VAGINAL APEX IN WOMEN WITH STAGE 2 OR GREATER CYSTOCELE Elliott, C., Comiter, C., Chen, B., Sokol, E. WILEY-BLACKWELL. 2012: 218–19
View details for Web of Science ID 000300502400020
Robot-Assisted Versus Open Sacrocolpopexy: A Cost-Minimization Analysis JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Elliott, C. S., Hsieh, M. H., Sokol, E. R., Comiter, C. V., Payne, C. K., Chen, B. 2012; 187 (2): 638-643
Abstract

Abdominal sacrocolpopexy is considered a standard of care operation for apical vaginal vault prolapse repair. Using outcomes at our center we evaluated whether the robotic approach to sacrocolpopexy is as cost-effective as the open approach.After obtaining institutional review board approval we performed cost-minimization analysis in a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent sacrocolpopexy at our institution between 2006 and 2010. Threshold values, that is model variable values at which the most cost effective approach crosses over to an alternative approach, were determined by testing model variables over realistic ranges using sensitivity analysis. Hospital billing data were also evaluated to confirm our findings.Operative time was similar for robotic and open surgery (226 vs 221 minutes) but postoperative length of stay differed significantly (1.0 vs 3.3 days, p <0.001). Base case analysis revealed an overall 10% cost savings for robot-assisted vs open sacrocolpopexy ($10,178 vs $11,307). Tornado analysis suggested that the number of institutional robotic cases done annually, length of stay and cost per hospitalization day in the postoperative period were the largest drivers of cost. Analysis of our hospital billing data showed a similar trend with robotic surgery costing 4.2% less than open surgery.A robot-assisted approach to sacrocolpopexy can be equally or less costly than an open approach. This depends on a sufficient institutional robotic case volume and a shorter postoperative stay for patients who undergo the robot-assisted procedure.

View details for DOI 10.1016/j.juro.2011.09.160

View details for PubMedID 22177180
Local renin-angiotensin systems in the genitourinary tract NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY Comiter, C. 2012; 385 (1): 13-26
Abstract

Local renin-angiotensin systems are common throughout the human body. Recent evidence supports the existence of such local renin-angiotensin systems in the penis, clitoris, bladder, ureter, internal anal sphincter, and urethral sphincter. Beyond its role in regulating blood pressure through its effects on vascular tone, sodium balance, and fluid homeostasis, angiotensin II serves a key role in affecting physiologic and pathophysiologic activities of the genitourinary tract. Just as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are used for the treatment and prevention of heart disease and vascular disease, inhibition of excessive angiotensin II activity may be potentially useful for the treatment of urologic disorders.

View details for DOI 10.1007/s00210-011-0706-y

View details for Web of Science ID 000299031200003

View details for PubMedID 22080395
Post-Prostatectomy Voiding Dysfunction CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS Elliott, C. S., Comiter, C. V. 2011; 6 (4): 211–17
View details for DOI 10.1007/s11884-011-0103-x

View details for Web of Science ID 000420049100004
Oral Desmopressin as a Treatment for Nocturia Associated with Nocturnal Polyuria CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS Comiter, C. V. 2011; 6 (4): 191–92
View details for DOI 10.1007/s11884-011-0100-0

View details for Web of Science ID 000420049100001
Sacral Nerve Stimulator Revision Due to Somatic Growth JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Clark, C., Tin Ngo, T., Comiter, C. V., Anderson, R., Kennedy, W. 2011; 186 (4): 1576-1580
Abstract

Sacral nerve modulation is a Food and Drug Administration approved treatment for refractory urgency, frequency, urge incontinence and nonobstructive urinary retention in adults. The sparse literature on sacral nerve modulation in children focuses on its initial efficacy in patients with neurogenic bladder and dysfunctional elimination. We describe our initial experience with sacral nerve modulation and the phenomenon of growth spurts associated with lead malfunction that necessitates revision.After receiving institutional review board approval we retrospectively reviewed the charts of pediatric patients who underwent sacral nerve modulation surgery at our institution. Charts were examined for patient demographics, subjective success, the need for further surgery and success after revision.Four patients underwent sacral nerve modulation at an average age of 12.1 years. All patients reported initial success, defined as greater than 50% symptom improvement. Subsequently 3 patients required a total of 5 revisions due to lead malfunction with an average of 1.5 years between surgeries. In those requiring revision the average somatic growth between revisions was 8.1 cm. Return of efficacy was reported after each revision. All patients had functioning nerve stimulators in place and continued to have a positive subjective response.The sparse data on sacral nerve modulation in children shows efficacy and safety similar to those in adults. Somatic growth may be associated with lead malfunction and require surgical revision. We report a small series showing that revision can be done successfully and safely. Informed consent for sacral nerve modulation in pediatric patients should include a discussion of somatic growth as a possible cause of lead malfunction necessitating revision.

View details for DOI 10.1016/j.juro.2011.03.098

View details for Web of Science ID 000295043000003

View details for PubMedID 21855923
MAXIMUM ISOMETRIC DETRUSOR CONTRACTION IN MEN WITH POST-PROSTATECTOMY INCONTINENCE Elliott, C., Comiter, C. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. 2011: E867–E868
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.2404

View details for Web of Science ID 000209830102263
A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF VIDEO-URODYNAMIC DATA TO MEASURE URETHRAL MOBILITY IN MEN WITH POST-PROSTATECTOMY INCONTINENCE Comiter, C., Payne, C., Vecchiotti, R. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. 2011: E864–E865
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.2397

View details for Web of Science ID 000209830102256
A NEW QUADRATIC SLING FOR MALE STRESS INCONTINENCE Comiter, C., Rhee, E., Nitti, V. WILEY-LISS. 2011: 277–78
View details for Web of Science ID 000286997900172
THE VIRTUE SLING FOR POST-PROSTATECTOMY INCONTINENCE-SAFETY, EFFICACY, AND URODYNAMIC CHANGES AT 6 MONTHS FOLLOW-UP Comiter, C., Rhee, E., Nitti, V. WILEY-LISS. 2011: 208
View details for Web of Science ID 000286997900011
ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE I (AT-1) RECEPTOR INHIBITION PREVENTS THE URODYNAMIC AND DETRUSOR CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION-A MOUSE MODEL Comiter, C., Phull, H. WILEY-LISS. 2011: 222–23
View details for Web of Science ID 000286997900044
Slings for Stress Urinary Incontinence in Men: An Update CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS Elliott, C. S., Comiter, C. V. 2010; 5 (4): 183–90
View details for DOI 10.1007/s11884-010-0069-0

View details for Web of Science ID 000420037400003
Male incontinence surgery in the 21st century: past, present, and future CURRENT OPINION IN UROLOGY Comiter, C. V. 2010; 20 (4): 302-308
Abstract

Surgery is the mainstay for treating postprostatectomy stress urinary incontinence. Although the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) remains a popular treatment option, a decade worth of innovations have expanded the role of male sling surgery.AUS surgery has an approximately 80-85% success rate, regardless of the degree of incontinence. The bone-anchored male sling has a similar success rate in men with mild-to-moderate leakage, but is less efficacious in those with severe incontinence. A transobturator approach has simplified the procedure, but appears best suited for men with milder degrees of incontinence. A new quadratically fixed sling that achieves a broader area of urethral compression by combining a transobturator and suprapubic approach has recently been introduced, with the aim of greater efficacy, while maintaining the low morbidity of sling surgery.The male sling and AUS are equally efficacious for the treatment of mild-to-moderate stress urinary incontinence. The sling appears to have a lower risk of infection, erosion, and urethral atrophy. The AUS remains the most efficacious treatment for severe stress urinary incontinence and for radiated patients. Recent changes in male sling surgery may improve efficacy in men with more severe incontinence.

View details for DOI 10.1097/MOU.0b013e328339b795

View details for Web of Science ID 000278536500007

View details for PubMedID 20531090
CAN SILDENAFIL REVERSE THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES OF PARTIAL BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION IN A MOUSE MODEL? Clark, C., Kimm, S., Phull, H., Tathireddy, A., Comiter, C. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. 2010: E173
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.509

View details for Web of Science ID 000209829401287
Editorial comment. Urology Comiter, C. V. 2010; 75 (3): 532-533
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.1273

View details for PubMedID 20211360
Editorial comment. Urology Comiter, C. V. 2010; 75 (2): 436-437
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2009.08.040

View details for PubMedID 20152501
Chronic Sacral Nerve Stimulation Prevents Detrusor Structural and Functional Changes Associated with Bladder Outlet Obstruction-A Rat Model NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS Comiter, C. V., Mazar, C., Phull, H., Salkini, M. 2010; 29 (5): 783-788
Abstract

Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) can mediate structural and functional detrusor changes, which can lead to bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms. We investigate if sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) can prevent these structural and functional changes in a rat model of BOO.24 female Sprague-Dawley rats (250 gm) were divided into 4 groups: control (CTRL), BOO, SNS, and both (BOO/SNS). BOO was achieved by partially occluding the proximal urethra. SNS involved stimulating the S1-S4 dorsal roots with a unipolar S1 lead, 8 hours daily. Urodynamics were performed at baseline and after 6 weeks. Bladders were harvested, stained, and scored for detrusor hypertrophy and fibrosis (scale = 1-5).BOO caused an increase in mean voiding pressure (P(det) = 35 +/- 2 mmHg vs. 23 +/- 1 mmHg, p = 0.02), an increase in mean bladder capacity (C = 1230 +/- 250 microl vs. 484 +/- 60 microl, p = 0.03), and a decrease in mean volume at first non-voiding contraction (67 +/- 16 microl vs. 110 +/- 24 microl, p = 0.02) compared to CTRL. Addition of SNS neither significantly affected P(det) (30 +/- 3 mm Hg vs. 35 +/- 2 mmHg, p = 0.2), nor C (630 +/- 90 microl vs. 1230 +/- 250 microl, p = 0.06) compared to BOO, but eliminated non-voiding contractions. Detrusor hypertrophy and fibrosis were both significantly greater in BOO vs. CTRL and vs. BOO/SNS.Partial BOO caused functional and structural changes in the rat bladder. SNS in obstructed rats prevents these alterations, without adversely affecting detrusor contractility.

View details for DOI 10.1002/nau.20820

View details for Web of Science ID 000279299700015

View details for PubMedID 20127841
DURABILITY OF MACROPLASTIOUE (R) INJECTION FOR FEMALE STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE: TWO YEARS EXPERIENCE Corcos, J., Ghoniem, G., Comiter, C., Westney, O., Herschorn, S. WILEY-LISS. 2010: 275
View details for Web of Science ID 000275593300074
The Male Sling and Artificial Urinary Sphincter I ATLAS OF BLADDER DISEASE Kimm, S. Y., Comiter, C. V., Staskin, D. R. 2010: 189–200
View details for Web of Science ID 000272856800012
Surgical Treatment of Stress Incontinence in Men NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS Herschom, S., Bruschini, H., Comiter, C., Grise, P., Hanus, T., Kirschner-Hermanns, R., Abrams, P. 2010; 29 (1): 179-190
Abstract

The committee was charged with the responsibility of reviewing and evaluating all published data relating to surgical treatment of male urinary incontinence since the previous consultation in 2004.Articles from peer-reviewed journals, abstracts from scientific meetings, and literature searches by hand and electronically formed the basis of this review. The articles were evaluated using Levels of Evidences adapted by the ICUD from the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. The Recommendations for Care were based on the level of evidence and discussed among the committee members to reach consensus. The incontinence problems were classified according to their etiology, that is, either primarily sphincter or bladder related.Specialist evaluation of the patient is primarily a clinical approach with history, frequency-volume chart, physical examination, and post-void residual urine. Other investigations such as radiographic imaging of the lower urinary tract, cystoscopy, and urodynamic studies can provide important information for the clinician. For stress incontinence of various etiologies the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) has the longest record of satisfactory results. Consideration must be given to the need for revisions for mechanical breakdown, erosion/infection, and recurrent incontinence, as well as cost. Sling procedures are increasingly being reported to have good outcomes for mild to moderate incontinence. Injectable agents have not shown durable results but newer technologies such as volume-adjustable balloons have shown favorable early results. Incontinence following cystectomy with neobladder and pelvic trauma has been treated most commonly with the AUS.Although the literature is replete with well-done cohort studies, there is a need for prospective randomized clinical trials. Recommendations for trials include standardized workup and outcome measures and complete reporting of adverse events and long-term results. Further research is also needed to elucidate the mechanism of post-prostatectomy incontinence.

View details for DOI 10.1002/nau.20844

View details for Web of Science ID 000273439200026

View details for PubMedID 20025026
The effect of sildenafil citrate on bladder outlet obstruction: a mouse model BJU INTERNATIONAL Beamon, C. R., Mazar, C., Salkini, M. W., Phull, H. S., Comiter, C. V. 2009; 104 (2): 252-256
Abstract

To investigate if sildenafil citrate can inhibit the functional and structural changes of the detrusor in a murine model of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors have recently been used for treating urinary symptoms associated with prostatic obstruction, but it is unclear whether PDE-5 inhibition acts on the prostatic urethra or the bladder.In 18 male Balb/CAN mice, partial BOO was created and the mice allowed to survive for 6 weeks. Half of the mice (nine) were treated with oral sildenafil citrate daily (10 mg/kg) by oral lavage (BOO + V), and half (nine) were not (BOO). Six mice were used as sham-operated controls and received no sildenafil. The mice were assessed by urodynamics at baseline and after 6 weeks, with a measurement of volume at first uninhibited non-voiding contraction (V(DO1)), bladder capacity (BC), and detrusor pressure during void (Pdet). At 6 weeks, bladders were harvested, fixed and sectioned, and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and trichrome stain. Detrusor muscle hypertrophy and fibrosis were evaluated on a scale of 1 (decreased) to 3 (increased), by two urologists and one pathologist unaware of the treatment group; the results were compared with those from normal controls.BOO mice had a significantly greater BC than control mice, with a mean (SD) of 153 (66) vs 58 (13) microL (P = 0.004). Treatment with sildenafil did not significantly alter BC. BOO caused an increase in Pdet compared to controls, with a mean (SD) of 25 (7) vs 12 (5) cm H2O. P(det) was not significantly different after treatment with sildenafil. The median V(DO1) as a percentage of BC was significantly lower in BOO than in control mice (20% vs 53%, P > 0.03) and increased significantly after sildenafil treatment (20% vs 44%, P = 0.04). BOO was associated with a greater bladder weight than in control mice, with a mean (SD) of 89 (32) vs 27 (6) mg (P = 0.001), which was decreased with sildenafil treatment, to 40 (14) vs 89 (32) mg (P = 0.013). BOO caused an increase in detrusor muscular hypertrophy vs control mice, with a median H&E score of 3 vs 2 (P = 0.01) and an increase in fibrosis vs control mice, with a median trichrome score of 3 vs 2 (P = 0.01). BOO + V mice had reduced muscular hypertrophy and fibrosis, with a median H&E score of 3 vs 2 (P = 0.01) and a median trichrome score of 3 vs 1 (P = 0.01).BOO mediates both functional and structural changes in the mouse bladder. Six weeks of obstruction caused an increase in BC, detrusor overactivity and voiding pressure, and mediated an increase in bladder weight, detrusor muscle hypertrophy and collagen deposition in the lamina propria and smooth muscle. Treatment with 6 weeks of oral sildenafil beginning at the time of BOO prevented the increase in detrusor overactivity without affecting voiding pressures, and prevented the increase in detrusor muscle hypertrophy and collagen deposition that otherwise occurred with BOO. It appears therefore that sildenafil citrate acts on the bladder rather than on the outlet.

View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.08324.x

View details for Web of Science ID 000267425900020

View details for PubMedID 19154466
Editorial comment. The management of postprostatectomy stress urinary incontinence. Urology Comiter, C. V. 2009; 73 (6): 1368-?
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2008.11.056

View details for PubMedID 19482159
Cross-Linked Polydimethylsiloxane Injection for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blind Study JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Ghoniem, G., Corcos, J., Comiter, C., Bernhard, P., Westney, O. L., Herschorn, S. 2009; 181 (1): 204-210
Abstract

In a pivotal trial we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of Macroplastique(R) as minimally invasive endoscopic treatment for female stress urinary incontinence primarily due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency.A total of 247 females with intrinsic sphincter deficiency were randomized 1:1 and treated with a transurethral injection of Macroplastique or Contigen. The latter group served as the control. Repeat treatment was allowed after the 3-month followup. Effectiveness was determined 12 months after the last treatment using Stamey grade, pad weight and Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Scale scores. Safety assessment was recorded throughout the study.After 12 patients were excluded from study 122 patients received Macroplastique injection and 125 received Contigen injection. Mean patient age was 61 years and the average history of incontinence was 11.2 years. Of the patients 24% had undergone prior incontinence surgery. At 12 months after treatment 61.5% of patients who received Macroplastique and 48% of controls had improved 1 Stamey grade. In the Macroplastique group the dry/cure rate was 36.9% compared to 24.8% in the control group (p <0.05). In the Macroplastique and control groups the 1-hour pad weight decrease was 25.4 and 22.8 ml from baseline (p = 0.64), and the mean improvement in Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Scale score was 28.7 and 26.4 (p = 0.49), respectively.Macroplastique injection was statistically more effective than Contigen for stress urinary incontinence primarily due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency with a 12.1% cure rate difference. Macroplastique can be administered on an outpatient basis. It should be considered a primary or secondary treatment option for stress urinary incontinence.

View details for DOI 10.1016/j.juro.2008.09.032

View details for Web of Science ID 000261705900113

View details for PubMedID 19013613
SOLIFENACIN SUCCINATE PREVENTS URODYNAMIC AND DETRUSOR CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION-A MOUSE MODEL Mazar, C., Salkini, M., Comiter, C. WILEY-LISS. 2009: 115
View details for Web of Science ID 000263757400023
Sacral nerve stimulation to treat nonobstructive urinary retention in women. Current urology reports Comiter, C. V. 2008; 9 (5): 405-411
Abstract

Nonobstructive urinary retention is an uncommon finding in women that may represent a difficult management problem for urologists and patients. Pharmacotherapy and urethral dilatation are rarely successful, and clean intermittent catheterization may be cumbersome. Those patients who cannot self-catheterize may be subjected to an indwelling catheter. Sacral nerve stimulation is a minimally invasive treatment for nonobstructive urinary retention, with 10 years of data documenting its long-term safety and efficacy. This minimally invasive treatment can restore satisfactory voiding in most patients and should be a routine part of treatment for this rare but important condition.

View details for PubMedID 18702925
Category III chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: insights from the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network studies. Current urology reports Nickel, J. C., Alexander, R. B., Anderson, R., Berger, R., Comiter, C. V., Datta, N. S., Fowler, J. E., Krieger, J. N., Landis, J. R., Litwin, M. S., McNaughton-Collins, M., O'Leary, M. P., Pontari, M. A., Schaeffer, A. J., Shoskes, D. A., White, P., Kusek, J., Nyberg, L. 2008; 9 (4): 320-327
Abstract

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome remains an enigmatic medical condition. Creation of the National Institutes of Health-funded Chronic Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network (CPCRN) has stimulated a renewed interest in research on and clinical aspects of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Landmark publications of the CPCRN document a decade of progress. Insights from these CPCRN studies have improved our management of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and offer hope for continued progress.

View details for PubMedID 18765132

View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2829842
The effect of sacral nerve stimulation on detrusor function and structure in the setting of bladder outlet obstruction - A rat model Comiter, C., Mazur, C., Salkini, M., Ho, W. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. 2008: 670
View details for DOI 10.1016/S0022-5347(08)61958-8

View details for Web of Science ID 000254175302580
The 'ventral urethral elevation plus' sling: a novel approach to treating stress urinary incontinence in men BJU INTERNATIONAL Comiter, C. V., Rhee, E. Y. 2008; 101 (2): 187-191
Abstract

To evaluate the urodynamic changes after placing a novel 'ventral urethral elevation plus' (VUE+) sling (Levera, Caldera Medical, Agoura Hills, CA, USA) in a cadaveric study, and in our initial experience in two patients.In two male cadavers (A and B) the maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) and retrograde leak-point pressure (RLPP) were measured before and after transperineal placement of the Levera sling. A 5.5 x 7 cm sling, with two 1.5 x 22.5 cm inferior extensions and two 1.5 x 25 cm superior extensions, was placed over the bulbar urethra. The inferior extensions were passed using the transobturator approach, and the superior extensions by a prepubic approach. This procedure was offered to two men (C and D) with severe neurogenic intrinsic sphincter deficiency.The mean baseline MUCP in specimen A was 55 cmH2O and the RLPP 35 cmH2O; after placing the sling the respective values increased to 75 and 70 cmH2O. In specimen B the respective mean values were 56 and 50 cmH2O, and after placing the sling were 82 and 75 cmH2O. In patient C, the RLPP increased from 17 cmH2O before surgery to 65 cmH2O afterward, and in patient D, from 20 to 70 cmH2O. At the 12-month follow-up, there was complete resolution of urinary incontinence in both patients.The VUE+ Levera sling provides urethral compression against the perineal membrane using a straightforward pre-pubic approach, and ventral elevation and compression of the bulbous urethra using the transobturator approach, avoiding the risks associated with of bone screws and retropubic needle passage. In our initial two patients stress incontinence was cured at 1 year of follow-up. A long- term follow-up and a larger prospective study of the VUE+ sling is needed to objectively assess the efficacy of this novel procedure.

View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.07277.x

View details for Web of Science ID 000251764000010

View details for PubMedID 17970788
The effect of sacral nerve stimulation on detrusor function and structure in the setting of bladder outlet obstruction - A rat model Mazur, C., Salkini, M., Ho, W., Comiter, C. V. WILEY-LISS. 2008: 109–10
View details for Web of Science ID 000253116500018
The effect of bladder outlet obstruction and sacral nerve stimulation on muscarinic and vanilloid receptors - A rat model Mazur, C., Salkini, M., Ho, W., Comiter, C. V. WILEY-LISS. 2008: 110–11
View details for Web of Science ID 000253116500019
Surgery Insight: surgical management of postprostatectomy incontinence - the artificial urinary sphincter and male sling NATURE CLINICAL PRACTICE UROLOGY Comiter, C. V. 2007; 4 (11): 615-624
Abstract

Stress urinary incontinence in men is usually a result of intrinsic sphincter deficiency following prostate cancer surgery. Active conservative management with fluid restriction, medication management and pelvic floor exercises is indicated for the first 12 months. If bothersome incontinence persists, urodynamic evaluation is indicated in order to assess detrusor storage function, contractility and sphincteric integrity. Standard surgical options include urethral bulking agents, artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) and male sling. Periurethral injection of bulking agents is satisfactory in only a minority of patients, leaving AUS and male sling as the most common surgical treatments. In patients with severe urinary incontinence, AUS seems to have a higher rate of success than the male sling. Furthermore, AUS is indicated in men with detrusor hypocontractility as adequate detrusor contractility is needed to overcome the fixed resistance of the sling. In patients with milder levels of stress incontinence, the two techniques have approximately equal efficacy in the short-to-intermediate term. While current reports of the male sling are generally limited to 1-4 years' follow-up, the infection, erosion, and revision rate for the male sling seem somewhat lower than that for the AUS in appropriately chosen patients.

View details for DOI 10.1038/ncpuro0935

View details for Web of Science ID 000250585500011

View details for PubMedID 17982438
Angiotensin II plays a role in acute murine experimental autoimmune cystitis BJU INTERNATIONAL Phull, H., Salkini, M., Purves, T., Funk, J., Copeland, D., Comiter, C. V. 2007; 100 (3): 664-667
Abstract

To investigate whether angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonism decreases the inflammation and oedema in acute murine experimental autoimmune cystitis (EAC), as interstitial cystitis (IC) might have an autoimmune component and AII has been implicated in autoimmune-mediated vascular congestion, oedema and scarring.Female Balb/cAN mice were divided into three treatment groups (eight in each group) that were autoimmunized with bladder homogenate to induce EAC. One group received an AII type 1 receptor (AT(1)) antagonist, one group an AII type 2 receptor (AT(2)) antagonist, and one group remained untreated (EAC). A control and sham-injected group were also included. After 10 weeks, bladders were removed, sectioned, and stained with haematoxylin and eosin.Grossly, there was no thickening or adhesions in the bladders of the control or sham-injected mice. In five of seven surviving EAC bladders, there were dense adhesions to surrounding peritoneal structures. There were also adhesions and bladder thickening in all of the AT(2) antagonist-treated mice (though in a milder form) but in only two of seven surviving AT(1) antagonist-treated mice. There was no inflammation or oedema in the sham and control groups. All the EAC bladders were inflamed, with submucosal oedema and urothelial detachment from the lamina propria. In the AT(1) antagonist-treated mice there was no inflammation or oedema. By contrast, all AT(2) antagonist-treated mice had moderate inflammation and minor detachment of the urothelium from the lamina propria.AT(1) receptor blockade ameliorated the inflammatory infiltration, submucosal oedema, and urothelial detachment associated with EAC in mice. This was achieved to a lesser extent by AT(2) receptor blockade. If some patients with IC have a pathophysiology similar to that of EAC mice, there might be potential benefit from AII receptor blockade.

View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.07035.x

View details for Web of Science ID 000248523000042

View details for PubMedID 17550411
The role of angiotensin II in stress urinary incontinence: A rat model NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS Phull, H., Salkini, M., Escobar, C., Purves, T., Comiter, C. V. 2007; 26 (1): 81-88
Abstract

Pharmacological treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is limited to the use of non-selective alpha-agonists, which are often ineffective. Non-adrenergic mechanisms have also been implicated in urethral closure, including angiotensin II (Ang-II), which has been demonstrated throughout the urinary tract. We investigate the role of Ang-II in urethral tone in a rat model of SUI.Abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP) and retrograde urethral pressure profilometry (RLPP) were measured in 70 female virgin rats. Thirty rats underwent pudendal nerve injury (PNT), 30 had circumferential urethrolysis (U-Lys), and 10 had sham surgery. Rats received daily doses of Angiotensin Type 1 (AT-1) receptor inhibitor (20 mg/kg), Angiotensin Type 2 (AT-2) receptor antagonist (10 mg/kg), or Ang-II (2 mg/kg).Following U-Lys, RLPP and ALPP decreased from 21.4 +/- 2.0 and 39.2 +/- 3.3 mm Hg, to 13.1 +/- 1.5 and 21.6 +/- 1.9 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.01). After PNT, RLPP, and ALPP decreased from 21.0 +/- 1.6 and 41.9 +/- 3.0 mmHg to 13.1 +/- 1.5 and 24.7 +/- 3.3 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.01). AT-1 inhibitor caused significant decrease in RLPP and ALPP from 21.0 +/- 6.2 and 41.8 +/- 9.4 mmHg, to 12.0 +/- 3.8 and 25.6 +/- 6.6 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.01). Likewise, AT-2 treatment reduced RLPP and ALPP from 21.4 +/- 6.3 and 40.1 +/- 1.7 mmHg, to 13.5 +/- 5.7 and 31.0 +/- 7.2 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.01). Following surgery, Ang-II administration restored RLPP and ALPP to baseline presurgical values.AT-1 and AT-2 receptor inhibition significantly lowers urethral resistance, comparable to either neurogenic or urethrolytic injury. Ang-II treatment restored urethral tone in rats with intrinsic sphincter dysfunction. Ang II appears to serve a functional role in the maintenance of urethral tone and stress continence.

View details for DOI 10.1002/nau.20339

View details for Web of Science ID 000243487500016

View details for PubMedID 17029249
Surgery Insight: Management of failed sling surgery for female stress urinary incontinence NATURE CLINICAL PRACTICE UROLOGY Comiter, C. V. 2006; 3 (12): 666-674
Abstract

Sling surgery has replaced Burch colposuspension as the most common surgery for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). While incontinence surgery has become a routine part of urologic care, the management of surgical complications and recurrent incontinence can be quite difficult. It is important that the urologic surgeon is well informed about the most common complications that are associated with sling surgery, and how to best manage them. In addition, the management of recurrent incontinence following sling surgery should follow a stepwise approach, with appropriate diagnostic studies, conservative treatment if possible, and surgery if necessary. While sling surgery in the patient with urethral hypermobility is often straightforward, reoperation for recurrent incontinence can be more technically challenging. In the patient with a fixed and incompetent urethra, periurethral bulking agents, pubovaginal sling, spiral sling, or artificial urinary sphincter placement may be indicated.

View details for DOI 10.1038/ncpuro0657

View details for Web of Science ID 000242442500009

View details for PubMedID 17149383
Highlights from the combined Society of Urodynamics and Female Urology and International Society of Pelvic Neuromodulation Annual Meeting JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Lemack, G. E., Siegel, S., Comiter, C., Damaser, M., Kobashi, K., Payne, C., Rodriguez, L., Wright, E. J. 2006; 175 (5): 1852-1856
View details for DOI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00976-6

View details for Web of Science ID 000236928400073

View details for PubMedID 16600778
The male perineal sling - a viable alternative to the artificial urinary sphincter NATURE CLINICAL PRACTICE UROLOGY Comiter, C. V. 2006; 3 (3): 118-119
View details for DOI 10.1038/ncpuro0429

View details for Web of Science ID 000235845100002

View details for PubMedID 16528266
Complications of transvaginal silicone-coated polyester synthetic mesh sling UROLOGY Govier, F. E., Kobashi, K. C., Kuznetsov, D. D., Comiter, C., Jones, P., Dakil, S. E., James, R. 2005; 66 (4): 741-745
Abstract

To report a premarket multicenter trial to test the feasibility of a transvaginal silicone-coated polyester synthetic mesh sling in women with anatomic incontinence.Fifty-one patients in four centers underwent transvaginal placement of a silicone-coated polyester synthetic mesh sling (American Medical Systems) during an 8-month period. Of the 51 patients, 31 were part of a prospective institutional review board-approved feasibility trial in three centers funded by American Medical Systems (group 1) and 20 underwent implantation by a single surgeon and their data were retrospectively reviewed (group 2). The studies were done concomitantly, and all slings were fixed transvaginally with bone anchors. All patients in group 1 were followed up at 4 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year (as applicable) with repeat questionnaires, physical examinations, and pad tests.In group 1, 20 patients completed 6 months of follow-up. Ten patients (32%) required a second surgical procedure at an average of 183 days (range 68 to 343) postoperatively. Eight patients (26%) had vaginal extrusion of the mesh, one (3%) required sling lysis, and one (3%) required sling removal because of infection. In group 2, 8 patients (40%) underwent sling removal for vaginal extrusion at a mean of 160 days (range 83 to 214).Transvaginally placed silicone-coated mesh slings used for the treatment of urinary incontinence demonstrated an unacceptably high vaginal extrusion rate in this study. Once identified, this study was immediately terminated, and this product was not marketed for this application in the United States.

View details for DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2005.04.027

View details for Web of Science ID 000232953100010

View details for PubMedID 16230128
The male perineal sling: Intermediate-term results NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS Comiter, C. V. 2005; 24 (7): 648-653
Abstract

In men with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) due to sphincteric incompetence, surgical options include periurethral injection of bulking agents, implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS), and sling surgery. Short-term results of the male sling have generally been favorable. We report the intermediate-term results of the bone-anchored male perineal sling with a median of 4 years and minimum of 2 years follow-up.From March 2000 to April 2003, 48 patients (average age = 68 years) underwent male sling surgery. Patients were evaluated pre-operatively and post-operatively via history, physical examination, pad score, and administration of the incontinence section of the UCLA/RAND prostate cancer index (PCI).Pre-operatively all patients rated their incontinence as severe, and used >or=3 pads daily. Median follow-up was 48 months (range = 24-60). Average pad usage decreased from 4.6 +/- 2.1 pads per day to 1.0 +/- 1.7 pads per day (P < 0.01). Median UCLA PCI incontinence score increased from 63-343 (P < 0.01). Overall, 31/48 patient (65%) were cured of their leakage (no problem, no pads), 7/48 (15%) were much improved (small problem, 1 pad), 3/48 (6%) were mildly improved (moderate problem, 2 pads daily), and 7/48 (15%) failed (big problem, >or=3 pads).Intermediate-term results for the male sling demonstrate a success rate comparable to that of the AUS (80%
View details for DOI 10.1002/nau.20166

View details for Web of Science ID 000233094100012

View details for PubMedID 16167352
Ciprofloxacin or tamsulosin in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome - A randomized, double-blind trial ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE Alexander, R. B., PROPERT, K. J., Schaeffer, A. J., Landis, J. R., Nickel, J. C., O'Leary, M. P., Pontari, M. A., McNaughton-Collins, M., Shoskes, D. A., Comiter, C. V., Datta, N. S., Fowler, J. E., Nadler, R. B., Zeitlin, S. I., Knauss, J. S., Wang, Y. L., Kusek, J. W., Nyberg, L. M., Litwin, M. S. 2004; 141 (8): 581-589
Abstract

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) in men is principally defined by pain in the pelvic region lasting more than 3 months. No cause of the disease has been established, and therapies are empirical and mostly untested. Antimicrobial agents and alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers are frequently used.To determine whether 6-week therapy with ciprofloxacin or tamsulosin is more effective than placebo at improving symptoms in men with refractory, long-standing CP/CPPS.Randomized, double-blind trial with a 2 x 2 factorial design comparing 6 weeks of therapy with ciprofloxacin, tamsulosin, both drugs, or placebo.Urology outpatient clinics at 10 tertiary care medical centers in North America.Patients were identified from referral-based practices of urologists. One hundred ninety-six men with a National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) score of at least 15 and a mean of 6.2 years of symptoms were enrolled. Patients had received substantial previous treatment.The authors evaluated NIH-CPSI total score and subscores, patient-reported global response assessment, a generic measure of quality of life, and adverse events. Interventions: Ciprofloxacin, 500 mg twice daily; tamsulosin, 0.4 mg once daily; a combination of the 2 drugs; or placebo.The NIH-CPSI total score decreased modestly in all treatment groups. No statistically significant difference in the primary outcome was seen for ciprofloxacin versus no ciprofloxacin (P = 0.15) or tamsulosin versus no tamsulosin (P > 0.2). Treatments also did not differ significantly for any of the secondary outcomes.Treatment lasting longer than 6 weeks was not tested. Patients who had received less pretreatment may have responded differently.Ciprofloxacin and tamsulosin did not substantially reduce symptoms in men with long-standing CP/CPPS who had at least moderate symptoms.

View details for Web of Science ID 000224652300001

View details for PubMedID 15492337
Impact of post-ejaculatory pain in men with category III Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Shoskes, D. A., Landis, J. R., Wang, Y. L., Nickel, J. C., Zeitlin, S. I., Nadler, R., O'Leary, M. P., Rhodes, D., Williams, C., Collins, M. M., Barry, M. J., Pontari, M. A., Ruggieri, M. R., Cheng, D., Dobi, C., Filer-Maerten, S., Kish, L. T., Alexander, R. B., Lowder, C. S., Underwood, Y., Schaeffer, A. J., Bennett, C. L., Bushman, W., Calhoun, E. A., Koch, A. E., Nadler, R. B., Marko, D., Dopona, M., Litwin, M. S., Zeitlin, S. I., Xie, Y. N., Sanchez, S., Ma, K. L., Nickel, J. C., Ardern, D., Clark, J., Downey, J., Jarvi, K., Burrows, L. L., Fowler, J. E., Tapley, R., Lumpkin, D., Dautenhahn, A., Shoskes, D., Thomas, K., Datta, N. S., Askari, A., Jam, M., Raimo, M. E., Mervin, K., Comiter, C. V., Conrad, P., Landis, J. R., PROPERT, K. J., Farrar, J. T., Feldman, H. I., Randall, L. D., Durborow, S., Fanelli, L., Helker, C., Hilderbrand, R., Hu, X. Y., Knauss, J. S., Norwood, G., Durborow, M., Kusek, J. W., Nyberg, L. M., KRIEGER, J. N., Anderson, R. U., BERGER, R. E., Bergstralh, E. J., Dixon, C. M., Milam, D. F., Rand, C., Roehrborn, C., Tornetta, S., Troxel, A. B. 2004; 172 (2): 542-547
Abstract

Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS) is a common debilitating condition in which ejaculation relieves symptoms for some but exacerbates them in others. We studied ejaculatory pain in a cohort with CPPS to investigate associations with symptoms, quality of life and risk factors.The 486 men in the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Cohort study were stratified into 4 subgroups according to the presence of ejaculatory pain at baseline visit and at each of 3 monthly followup contacts. Subgroups were based on answers and labeled NO (always "no"), Nvar ("no" at baseline but "yes" or missing at least once), Yvar ("yes" at baseline but "no" or missing at least once) and YES (always "yes"). Demographic and quality of life data were obtained at baseline, together with medical and sexual history, symptoms, and cultures and microscopy of urine and seminal fluids. Associations among selected baseline risk factors, symptoms and post-ejaculatory pain were analyzed.Overall 128 men were classified as NO, 106 as Nvar, 137 as Yvar and 115 as YES. There was a progressive increase in baseline National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index total score (modified to exclude post-ejaculatory pain) from 18.5 for the NO subgroup to 25.5 for the YES subgroup (p <0.0001). Mental and physical quality of life were also progressively lower from the NO to the YES subgroup (p <0.001). There were no significant differences in white blood cell count or bacterial growth in urine, prostate fluid or semen among subgroups. Men in the YES subgroup were younger, more likely to live alone, had lower income and a greater variety of sexual practices than those without ejaculatory pain (NO subgroup).Patients with CPPS and persistent ejaculatory pain have more severe symptoms, are less likely to improve with time, and have differences in demographic and sexual history compared to other patients with CPPS.

View details for DOI 10.1097/01.ju.0000132798.48067.23

View details for Web of Science ID 000222639300032

View details for PubMedID 15247725
The male sling for stress urinary incontinence: 24-month followup with questionnaire based assessment JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Ullrich, N. F., Comiter, C. V. 2004; 172 (1): 207-209
Abstract

Stress urinary incontinence after prostate surgery can be a bothersome problem, adversely affecting quality of life. We performed a prospective study of the male perineal sling for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence with a minimum 1-year followup.A total of 36 patients (average age 67 years old) underwent male sling surgery. Patients underwent preoperative and postoperative evaluation for bother due to urinary incontinence using the UCLA Prostate Cancer Index urinary function section as well as pad score.Median followup was 25 months (range 12 to 42). After surgery 24 (67%) patients were pad-free, 5 (14%) used 1 pad, 4 (11%) used 2 pads and 3 (8%) continued to use 3 or more pads daily. Overall, mean pad use +/- SD decreased from 4.6 +/- 2.5 to 0.64 +/- 1.0 pads daily (p <0.001). A total of 30 (83%) patients reported a small to no bother from urine leakage after surgery, 3 (8%) considered leakage a moderate problem, while 3 (8%) continued to consider it a big problem. The median UCLA Prostate Cancer Index urinary function score was improved from 33 before surgery to 330 after surgery (p <0.001). There were no instances of erosion, infection or prolonged retention.Medium term results for the male sling demonstrate a success rate comparable to that of the artificial urinary sphincter (67% pad-free rate and 92% improvement). This technique has established a low morbidity and has not been associated with any significant complications. Longer followup will ultimately establish whether this technique represents a viable long-term alternative to artificial urinary sphincter for the treatment of bothersome stress urinary incontinence in men.

View details for DOI 10.1097/01.ju.0000128652.99627.14

View details for Web of Science ID 000222115700050

View details for PubMedID 15201775
The male sling for stress urinary incontinence: Urodynamic and subjective assessment JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Ullrich, N. F., Comiter, C. V. 2004; 172 (1): 204-206
Abstract

We prospectively examined whether the fixed urethral resistance of the perineal male sling for the treatment of stress incontinence causes significant bladder outlet obstruction or de novo voiding dysfunction.A total of 22 patients (average age 67 years old) were evaluated before and after surgery with videourodynamics, the self-administered UCLA Prostate Cancer Index incontinence section and pad score.Mean followup was 25 months (range 6 to 42). All patients complained of a moderate to severe problem before surgery. After surgery 16 (73%) reported a very small problem/no problem, 3 (14%) a moderate problem and 3 (14%) reported a big problem. Average pad use +/- SD decreased from 4.6 +/- 2.5 to 0.74 +/- 1.0 pads (p <0.01). Median UCLA Prostate Cancer Index incontinence score increased from 82 to 313, p <0.001. Mean retrograde leak point pressure (RLPP) increased from 30.4 +/- 15.9 to 59.9 +/- 9.7 cm water. Bladder outlet obstruction did not develop in any patients after surgery. Average maximum flow rate did not change significantly (17.7 +/- 6.5 vs 19.2 +/- 9.7 ml per second, p = 0.6). Nor was there a significant change in detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (40.3 +/- 9.2 vs 45.8 +/- 14.7 cm water, p = 0.3). While de novo urgency or urge incontinence did not develop in any patients, 2 of 5 patients with a moderate/big leakage problem demonstrated postoperative detrusor overactivity on cystometry. Both individuals requiring more than 3 pads daily had a postoperative RLPP of less than 50 cm water.Pad use, leak point pressure and urinary incontinence scores are significantly improved after sling surgery. Fixed resistance does not lead to bladder outlet obstruction. Postoperative RLPP less than 50 cm water and urodynamic detrusor overactivity are associated with increased pad use and bother.

View details for DOI 10.1097/01.ju.0000132146.79081.da

View details for Web of Science ID 000222115700049

View details for PubMedID 15201774
Incisionless pubovaginal fascial sling using transvaginal bone anchors for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. TheScientificWorldJournal Vasavada, S. P., Comiter, C. V., Raz, S. 2004; 4: 357-363
Abstract

Bladder neck suspension (BNS) for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) can have significant morbidity, including bleeding, infection and pain. In an effort to reduce this potential morbidity, we have devised a technique which provides the same suburethral support as a standard anterior vaginal wall sling (AVWS), but without a vaginal or suprapubic incision. We describe this minimally invasive technique.From April 1998 to February 1999, 85 women underwent an incisionless suburethral fascial sling procedure. A transvaginal bone drill was used to place a bone anchor loaded with #1 prolene suture into the inferior aspect of the pubic bone on either side of the urethra. A subepithelial tunnel was created at the level of the bladder neck. A 2 x 7 cm segment of cadaveric fascia lata was placed through the subepithelial tunnel. The sutures were passed through the fascia 5mm from either edge, effectively creating a 6.0 cm sling. Finally, the sutures are tied up to the pubic symphysis.Follow-up was via a self-administered questionnaire and patient interview. Recurrent SUI was noted in 2/85 (3%). New onset urge incontinence was present in 4/85 (5%). Permanent urinary retention has not occurred in either group. All procedures were performed on an outpatient basis and no operative complications occurred.Early results for the incisionless sling compare favorably with the long term results for the AVWS. This minimally invasive approach has thus far not been associated with any significant complications. Elimination of the vaginal and suprapubic incisions has not compromised efficacy, and appears to reduce the incidence of urge incontinence. Long term follow-up will establish the lasting efficacy of this novel surgical technique.

View details for PubMedID 15349559
High rate of vaginal extrusion of silicone-coated polyester sling UROLOGY Comiter, C. V., Colegrove, P. M. 2004; 63 (6): 1066-1070
Abstract

To report the results of a pilot study evaluating the suitability of silicone-coated polyester as a suburethral sling material for female stress incontinence surgery.Ten women with stress or mixed urinary incontinence were prospectively evaluated with history and physical examination, pad test, urodynamic studies, and the Incontinence-Quality of Life questionnaire. The 2 x 7-cm sling was secured with transvaginal bone anchors placed through an anterior vaginal wall incision. Patients were evaluated at 1, 6, and 12 months by history and physical examination, pad test, and the Incontinence-Quality of Life and Success Rate and Overall Patient Satisfaction questionnaires.Ten patients (mean age 62.3 years) underwent successful placement of the suburethral sling. The Incontinence-Quality of Life scores improved from a mean total score of 43.3 +/- 14.6 preoperatively to 97.7 +/- 14.4 at 1 year postoperatively (P <0.001). The Success Rate and Overall Patient Satisfaction questionnaires completed at 1 year demonstrated a mean satisfaction rating of 8.9 +/- 1.7 (scale 1 to 10), and the mean reported improvement in incontinence was 90% +/- 16.3%. The mean pad weight decreased from 103.1 +/- 33.2 g preoperatively to 1.6 +/- 1.01 g at 1 year (P <0.007). Two patients (20%) developed vaginal extrusion of the suburethral sling at 6 and 10 months. The slings were removed surgically. Both women healed without incident and reported continued continence at 1 year without additional surgical intervention.Placement of a suburethral sling using transvaginal bone anchors and silicone-coated polyester is an effective surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence at 1 year. The high rate of vaginal extrusion in our series limits its utility.

View details for DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2004.01.053

View details for Web of Science ID 000222000400016

View details for PubMedID 15183951
Correlation among maximal urethral closure pressure, retrograde leak point pressure, and abdominal leak point pressure in men with postprostatectomy stress incontinence UROLOGY Comiter, C. V., Sullivan, M. P., Yalla, S. V. 2003; 62 (1): 75-78
Abstract

To assess the correlation among abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP), maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP), and retrograde leak point pressure (RLPP) in the evaluation of men with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after radical prostatectomy.Patients were evaluated with a self-administered questionnaire regarding pad use and with multichannel videourodynamics. The ALPP, MUCP, and RLPP were compared with each other and with the severity of SUI.The mean ALPP was 49.4 +/- 24.4 cm H(2)O. The mean MUCP was 52.0 +/- 21.1 cm H(2)O. The mean RLPP was 48.0 +/- 13.5 cm H(2)O. No statistically significant difference in the mean values of the three parameters was found. Regression analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation among the three parameters: RLPP versus MUCP, r = 0.59, P <0.005; MUCP versus ALPP, r = 0.75, P <0.0001; and RLPP versus ALPP, r = 0.79, P <0.0001. ALPP, MUCP, and RLPP were each significantly related to pad use.Intrinsic sphincter deficiency is the primary cause of SUI after radical prostatectomy. Therefore, evaluation of intrinsic sphincter function is important in the treatment of postprostatectomy SUI. In incontinent men after radical prostatectomy, with a dysfunctional bladder neck and proximal sphincter unit, the intrinsic function of this distal sphincter may be assessed equally well by evaluating the resistance to antegrade leakage, retrograde leakage, or profilometric measurement of the urethral closure pressure. RLPP and MUCP offer reliable alternatives to ALPP for the evaluation of postprostatectomy SUI.

View details for DOI 10.1016/S0090-4295(03)00123-7

View details for Web of Science ID 000183892600019

View details for PubMedID 12837426
Sacral neuromodulation for the symptomatic treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis: A prospective study JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Comiter, C. V. 2003; 169 (4): 1369-1373
Abstract

The efficacy of sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of symptoms in patients with refractory interstitial cystitis was evaluated.A total of 25 patients with a mean age of 47 years and refractory interstitial cystitis were prospectively evaluated with a trial of sacral nerve stimulation. Patients who demonstrated 50% improvement in frequency, nocturia, voided volume and average pain qualified for permanent sacral nerve stimulator implantation. Treatment success was measured by voiding diary, report of average pain, and response to the Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index and Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index.Of the 25 patients 17 qualified for permanent sacral nerve stimulator implantation. At an average of 14 months followup mean daytime frequency and nocturia improved from 17.1 to 8.7 and 4.5 to 1.1, respectively (p <0.01). Mean voided volume increased from 111 to 264 ml. (p <0.01). Report of average pain decreased from 5.8 to 1.6 points on a scale of 0 to 10 (p <0.01). Interstitial Cystitis Symptom and Problem Index scores decreased from 16.5 to 6.8 and 14.5 to 5.4, respectively (p <0.01). Of the 17 patients 16 (94%) with a permanent stimulator demonstrated sustained improvement in all parameters at the last postoperative visit.Results of this prospective clinical study demonstrate that sacral neuromodulation is a safe and effective treatment for the dysfunctional voiding and pelvic pain in patients with interstitial cystitis who are refractory to other forms of treatment.

View details for DOI 10.1097/01.ju.0000053863.96967.5a

View details for Web of Science ID 000181639700034

View details for PubMedID 12629364
Endometriosis of the urinary tract UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA Comiter, C. V. 2002; 29 (3): 625-?
Abstract

Genitourinary endometriosis is a rare manifestation of a common disease. Ectopic endometrial tissue may extrinsically involve or intrinsically invade the bladder or ureter, and, less commonly, the urethra or kidney. Bladder involvement usually presents with irritative symptoms, whereas ureteral disease may present with asymptomatic renal failure. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is necessary, and genitourinary endometriosis should be considered in all symptomatic women with a history of cesarean delivery of other gynecologic surgery. In women beyond reproductive age, definitive surgical treatment is preferred, with removal of the ectopic tissue, relief of obstruction, and castration with or without hysterectomy. In those who desire future fertility, conservative surgery and/or hormonal therapy is often recommended.

View details for Web of Science ID 000179417900013

View details for PubMedID 12476526
The male sling for stress urinary incontinence: A prospective study JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Comiter, C. V. 2002; 167 (2): 597-601
Abstract

This is a report of a prospective study of the male sling for treating stress urinary incontinence.A total of 21 men underwent sling surgery. There were 2 titanium screws loaded with polypropylene suture placed in each descending pubic ramus through a 3.5 cm. perineal incision at the level of the bulbar urethra. A polypropylene mesh was placed over the urethra and tied to the bone anchors, adjusting sling tension to a compression pressure of 60 cm. water. Followup was done with the incontinence section of the University of California, Los Angeles/RAND Prostate Cancer Index.Mean followup was 12 months (range 5 to 21). Overall, incontinence was cured in 16 (76%) patients, substantially improved (stress urinary incontinence very small or small problem, 1 pad daily) in 3 (14%), somewhat improved (moderate problem-2 pads) in 1 and procedure failed (no improvement) in 1 (5%). The patients with stress urinary incontinence after undergoing transurethral prostatectomy were cured, as was the individual with myelomeningocele. Of the 18 patients with stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy 13 were cured, including 1 of 2 who underwent previous artificial urinary sphincter placement and 2 of 3 adjuvant radiation. There was significant improvement in each survey question, and the total score improved from a mean plus or minus standard deviation of 65 +/- 11 preoperatively to 397 +/- 29 postoperatively (p <0.001). There was no retention, infection, erosion or de novo voiding dysfunction.This minimally invasive sling surgery has not been associated with any significant complication, and early results compare favorably with artificial urinary sphincter. By compressing only the ventral urethra the risk of urethral erosion and atrophy is reduced. Prior radiation or artificial urinary sphincter does not appear to be a contraindication to sling surgery.

View details for Web of Science ID 000173212600035

View details for PubMedID 11792925
Repair of enterocele and vault prolapse: transvaginal culdosuspension. Techniques in urology Comiter, C. V. 2001; 7 (2): 146-151
Abstract

Transvaginal culdosuspension for treatment of enterocele and vaginal vault prolapse is described. Surgical principles include high ligation of the hernia sac, obliteration of the cul-de-sac, and support of the vaginal cuff high on the levator plate. The normal vaginal axis is restored, and adequate vaginal depth is provided for normal sexual activity.One hundred four patients underwent transvaginal culdosuspension in conjunction with enterocele repair (64 patients) or vaginal hysterectomy (40 patients). Two culdosuspension sutures support the vaginal vault to the origin of the sacrouterine and cardinal ligaments, and the cul-de-sac is obliterated with two pursestring sutures.One hundred patients were followed-up for a mean of 17.3 months. Recurrent vault prolapse or enterocele occurred in four patients. Complications were rare, and there were no instances of vaginal foreshortening, urinary retention, vaginal skin necrosis, bladder perforation, or rectovaginal fistula.Transvaginal culdosuspension is a safe and effective surgery for enterocele and vaginal vault prolapse. This technique restores the normal vaginal depth and axis, resulting in a sexually functional vagina.

View details for PubMedID 11383993
Use of dynamic MRT in the diagnosis of pelvic prolapse and pelvic floor insufficiency AKTUELLE UROLOGIE Comiter, C. V., Vasavada, S. P., Barbaric, Z. L., Rat, S. 2000; 31 (5): 294-301
View details for Web of Science ID 000089428000004
Cystoscopic light test to aid in the differentiation of high-grade pelvic organ prolapse UROLOGY Vasavada, S. P., Comiter, C. V., Raz, S. 1999; 54 (6): 1085-1087
Abstract

It remains quite difficult to distinguish a high-grade cystocele from an enterocele or high rectocele on the basis of physical examination findings alone. We have employed the use of a cystoscopic light test during preoperative or intraoperative endoscopy to assist in differentiating these entities.

View details for Web of Science ID 000084172800032

View details for PubMedID 10604714
Transvaginal culdosuspension: Technique and results UROLOGY Comiter, C. V., Vasavada, S. P., Raz, S. 1999; 54 (5): 819-822
Abstract

Numerous techniques have been described for supporting the vaginal vault after enterocele repair and hysterectomy. We describe a transvaginal culdosuspension that obliterates the cul-de-sac and supports the vaginal cuff high on the levator plate. The normal vaginal axis is restored, and adequate vaginal depth is provided for normal sexual activity.One hundred four patients, aged 48 to 90 years (mean age 71), underwent transvaginal culdosuspension in conjunction with enterocele repair (62 patients), vaginal hysterectomy (20 patients), or both (22 patients). Two culdosuspension sutures support the vaginal vault to the origin of the sacrouterine and cardinal ligaments, and the cul-de-sac is obliterated with two pursestring sutures. Concomitant prolapse was repaired in 82 patients, bladder neck suspension in 50, cystocele repair in 45, and rectocele repair in 76.One hundred patients were followed up at a mean of 17.3 months (range 6.5 to 35). Recurrence of enterocele or vault prolapse occurred in 4 patients. All patients who had preoperative stress incontinence were cured of leakage. Complications were rare, and there were no instances of vaginal foreshortening, urinary retention, vaginal skin necrosis, bladder perforation, or rectovaginal fistula.Transvaginal culdosuspension is a safe and effective procedure for treating and preventing enterocele and vaginal vault prolapse. This technique restores the normal vaginal depth and axis, resulting in a sexually functional vagina.

View details for Web of Science ID 000083536100012

View details for PubMedID 10565740
Grading pelvic prolapse and pelvic floor relaxation using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging UROLOGY Comiter, C. V., Vasavada, S. P., Barbaric, Z. L., Gousse, A. E., Raz, S. 1999; 54 (3): 454-457
Abstract

With significant vaginal prolapse, it is often difficult to differentiate among cystocele, enterocele, and high rectocele by physical examination alone. Our group has previously demonstrated the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating pelvic prolapse. We describe a simple objective grading system for quantifying pelvic floor relaxation and prolapse.One hundred sixty-four consecutive women presenting with pelvic pain (n = 39) or organ prolapse (n = 125) underwent dynamic MRI. The "H-line" (levator hiatus) measures the distance from the pubis to the posterior anal canal. The "M-line" (muscular pelvic floor relaxation) measures the descent of the levator plate from the pubococcygeal line. The "O" classification (organ prolapse) characterizes the degree of visceral prolapse beyond the H-line.The image acquisition time was 2.5 minutes per study. Each study cost $540. In the pain group, the H-line averaged 5.2 +/- 1.1 cm versus 7.5 +/- 1.5 cm in the prolapse group (P <0.001). The M-line averaged 1.9 +/- 1.2 cm in the pain group versus 4.1 +/- 1.5 cm in the prolapse group (P <0.001). Incidental pelvic pathologic features were commonly noted, including uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, hydroureter, urethral diverticula, and foreign body.The HMO classification provides a straightforward and reproducible method for staging and quantifying pelvic floor relaxation and visceral prolapse. Dynamic MRI requires no patient preparation and is ideal for the objective evaluation and follow-up of patients with pelvic prolapse and pelvic floor relaxation. MRI obviates the need for cystourethrography, pelvic ultrasound, or intravenous urography and has become the study of choice at our institution for evaluating the female pelvis.

View details for Web of Science ID 000082251800015

View details for PubMedID 10475353
New technique for antegrade collagen injection for post-radical prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence UROLOGY Loughlin, K. R., Comiter, C. V. 1999; 53 (2): 410-411
Abstract

A new modification for antegrade collagen injection into the bladder neck is described. A 16F Rusch suprapubic catheter is used to access the bladder. A 15.5F Storz cystoscope is then placed through the sheath and the collagen injection needle is then placed through the cystoscope in the usual manner. This technique permits more rapid bladder access with less bleeding and leakage of irrigation fluid than using guide wires and Amplatz dilators.

View details for Web of Science ID 000078219700033

View details for PubMedID 9933065
Effusion cytology of renal cell carcinoma CANCER CYTOPATHOLOGY Renshaw, A. A., Comiter, C. V., Nappi, D., Granter, S. R. 1998; 84 (3): 148-152
Abstract

Effusions in patients with renal cell carcinoma are rare; the clinicopathologic features of these patients have not been described fully.All effusions from patients with renal cell carcinoma obtained between 1986 and 1997 at the study institution were reviewed.Twelve effusions from 9 patients were benign, and 8 effusions from 7 patients were malignant. Patients with sarcomatoid tumors presented early with benign effusions, and patients with papillary tumors presented later with malignant effusions. Patients with clear cell tumors were intermediate. The majority of patients who developed malignant effusions had tumors that were classified as T3 or higher (according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer) at the time of resection. Tumor cells had abundant clear to vacuolated cytoplasm, large nuclei, and prominent nucleoli. Cells from clear cell and papillary tumors could not be distinguished in effusion specimens unless papillae were present. At last follow-up 13 of 15 patients were dead of disease within 2 years of the onset of effusion (median 24 weeks; range, 1-93 weeks), including 7 of 9 patients with benign effusions.Malignant effusions due to renal cell carcinoma most commonly occur in patients with papillary and clear cell tumors. Malignant effusions from these two tumor types are difficult to distinguish unless papillae are present. Effusions associated with renal cell carcinoma confer a poor prognosis.

View details for Web of Science ID 000074241000005

View details for PubMedID 9678728
Prognostic features of teratomas with malignant transformation: A clinicopathological study of 21 cases JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Comiter, C. V., Kibel, A. S., Richie, J. P., Nucci, M. R., Renshaw, A. A. 1998; 159 (3): 859-863
Abstract

Teratomas with malignant transformation comprise up to 6% of metastatic teratomas. The prognosis of patients with these tumors can vary considerably. We delineate factors that may be related to prognosis in a cohort of men with teratoma with malignant transformation.We analyzed pathological features, treatment, response, recurrence, time to recurrence, subsequent followup and survival for 21 patients (median age 28 years) diagnosed with teratoma with malignant transformation during a 7-year period at our institution.Malignant nongerm cell elements were present in the primary tumor in 11 cases (52%). Of 18 patients with testicular primaries 17 (94%) presented with metastatic disease. Despite aggressive treatment with surgery and chemotherapy 17 of 21 cases (81%) recurred (median time 6 months). Overall, 5 patients (24%) died of disease (median survival 23 months), 5 (24%) are alive with metastases (median followup 41 months) and 11 (52%) have no evidence of disease (median followup 50 months). Progression/recurrence was substantially greater for 2 of 2 cases with a mediastinal origin, 3 of 4 with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation and 5 of 6 with neural differentiation compared with the remainder of the cohort (p < 0.05).Teratomas with malignant transformation are usually metastatic at presentation, have a high recurrence rate and are more aggressive than teratomas without malignant transformation. Prognosis is especially poor for mediastinal teratomas with malignant transformation and for those with neural or rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. Complete surgical resection of residual or recurrent disease appears to offer the best chance for prolonged survival.

View details for Web of Science ID 000071913700065

View details for PubMedID 9474169
Effect of angiotensin II on corpus cavernosum smooth muscle in relation to nitric oxide environment: in vitro studies in canines INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPOTENCE RESEARCH Comiter, C. V., Sullivan, M. P., Yalla, S. V., Kifor, I. 1997; 9 (3): 135-140
Abstract

In extracavernosal vascular tissue, smooth muscle tone is modulated by a balance between angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide (NO). We hypothesized that these substances also play an important role in regulating cavernosal smooth muscle contractility. We therefore studied the in vitro effects of an Ang II receptor antagonist and a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor on the contractile effects of Ang II, phenylephrine, and electrical field stimulation in canine corpus cavernosum. Ang II caused a dose-dependent contraction of cavernosal smooth muscle which was inhibited by the Ang II receptor antagonist and augmented by NOS inhibition. Contractions induced by phenylephrine or electrical stimulation were diminished by the Ang II receptor antagonist, and augmented by NOS inhibition. We conclude that Ang II plays an important role in modulating cavernosal smooth muscle tone, and that the contractile effect of Ang II on cavernosal tissue is modulated by the local NO environment.

View details for Web of Science ID A1997XV62100005

View details for PubMedID 9315490
Urodynamic risk factors for renal dysfunction in men with obstructive and nonobstructive voiding dysfunction JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Comiter, C. V., Sullivan, M. P., Schacterle, R. S., Cohen, L. H., Yalla, S. V. 1997; 158 (1): 181-185
Abstract

Urodynamic investigation of men with lower urinary tract symptoms, usually attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia, often reveals bladder outlet obstruction, detrusor instability and/or diminished vesical compliance. We investigated whether these urodynamic abnormalities alone or in combination contribute to renal dysfunction.A total of 161 men with lower urinary tract symptoms was evaluated by urodynamics, and outlet obstruction, detrusor instability and decreased compliance (30 ml./cm. water or less) were noted. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were measured. Cases were categorized according to the urodynamic diagnosis. Mean values of serum BUN and creatinine as well as the incidence of elevated BUN and creatinine were compared among groups.Of the cohort 54 men (34%) had elevated BUN and 19 (12%) had elevated serum creatinine. No significant correlation was found between the degree of obstruction and BUN or creatinine level. Mean serum BUN and creatinine, and the incidence of abnormal laboratory tests did not significantly differ among those with outlet obstruction, detrusor instability, both conditions or neither condition. However, in patients with outlet obstruction and detrusor instability there was a significantly increased incidence of azotemia in the subgroup with diminished compliance (78%) versus the subgroup with normal compliance (36%).In men with voiding dysfunction of a nonneurogenic etiology outlet obstruction with or without detrusor instability does not appear to be a risk factor for elevated BUN and creatinine. However, when decreased bladder compliance is associated with a combination of outlet obstruction and detrusor instability, this risk is substantially increased.

View details for Web of Science ID A1997XC69200058

View details for PubMedID 9186351
Retrograde leak point pressure for evaluating postradical prostatectomy incontinence UROLOGY Comiter, C. V., Sullivan, M. P., Yalla, S. V. 1997; 49 (2): 231-236
Abstract

To evaluate a technique of measuring the retrograde leak point pressure (RLPP) for assessing men with postradical prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence (SUI).We measured RLPP in adult men by retrograde infusion of the distal urethra while simultaneously recording intraurethral pressure. The reproducibility of this test, and its dependence on urethral infusion rate, bladder volume, and anterior urethral catheter position, were evaluated. RLPP and abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP) measurements were performed in postradical prostatectomy patients. RLPP was compared with ALPP and with severity of incontinence determined by pad usage.Repeated RLPP measurements were not significantly different and did not change with bladder volume up to half capacity or with the location of the catheter in the anterior urethra. The differences between RLPP measurements with infusion rates of 2, 4, and 8 mL/min were also not significant. Twenty-seven men were evaluated 6 to 108 months after surgery. Of these, 22 (81%) demonstrated SUI. Mean RLPP in men without SUI (79.2 +/- 14 cm H2O) was significantly higher than in men with SUI (51.9 +/- 13 cm H2O, P < 0.01). In men with SUI, ALPP and RLPP were significantly correlated, and ALPP (49.8 +/- 24 cm H2O) was not significantly different from RLPP (51.9 +/- 13 cm H2O) Pad use and RLPP were also significantly related.RLPP measurements are reproducible and simple to perform. The pressure at which leakage occurs is easily identifiable as the plateau pressure. RLPP correlates significantly with the lowest of multiple ALPP measurements in men with SUI. This technique represents a reliable urodynamic alternative for evaluating men with postradical prostatectomy SUI.

View details for Web of Science ID A1997WH46700016

View details for PubMedID 9037285
Prediction of prostatic obstruction with a combination of isometric detrusor contraction pressure and maximum urinary flow rate UROLOGY Comiter, C. V., Sullivan, M. P., Schacterle, R. S., Yalla, S. V. 1996; 48 (5): 723-729
Abstract

Because isometric detrusor contraction pressure (Piso) increases with outlet obstruction and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) tends to decrease with obstruction, we hypothesize that specific criteria consisting of a combination of high Piso and low Qmax may be able to differentiate obstructive from nonobstructive voiding dysfunction better than either parameter alone.Two hundred five men with lower urinary tract symptoms underwent uroflowmetry and videourodynamics, including cystometry, continuous outlet occlusion test, and micturitional urethral pressure profilometry. Combined threshold values of Qmax of less than 12 mL/s and Piso of 100 cm H2O or greater were used to predict obstruction, whereas threshold values of Qmax of at least 12 mL/s and Piso less than 100 cm H2O were used to predict nonobstruction.Of the 205 patients, 103 (50%) were significantly obstructed and 102 (50%) were only mildly obstructed or nonobstructed. Of the total population, 151 patients (74%) were categorized by the combined flow and contractility criteria. Of the categorized patients, 141 (93%) were correctly diagnosed with regard to infravesical obstruction (sensitivity 89%, specificity 97%, positive predictive value 97%, and negative predictive value 91%).A combination of Qmax and Piso criteria can predict obstructive and nonobstructive voiding dysfunctions with high positive and negative predictive values in most patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Combining the results of uroflowmetry and isometric tests may help to guide treatment strategies that may improve the outcome of selected therapeutic options compared with strategies based on symptoms or uroflowmetry alone. Furthermore, this approach forms a basis for interpreting various noninvasive methods that have recently been introduced for the purpose of diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction.

View details for Web of Science ID A1996VR74800013

View details for PubMedID 8911516
Burned-out primary testicular cancer: Sonographic and pathological characteristics JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Comiter, C. V., Renshaw, A. A., Benson, C. B., Loughlin, K. R. 1996; 156 (1): 85-88
Abstract

Rarely, a testicular scar is discovered in a patient with a presumed extragonadal germ cell tumor. Of 6 patients originally diagnosed with retroperitoneal extragonadal germ cell tumors who had echogenic foci on scrotal sonography 5 had definite histological evidence of a regressed primary testicular cancer.Six men 21 to 36 years old presented with palpably normal testes and a presumed retroperitoneal extragonadal germ cell tumor. After chemotherapy each patient underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and ipsilateral orchiectomy. The entire testis was submitted for histological evaluation and all calcifications were identified.Scrotal sonography revealed an echogenic focus or foci in all cases, which corresponded to intratubular hematoxyphilic bodies in 2. In 3 cases the echogenic foci were intratubular psammoma bodies close to a fibrous scar with hemosiderin deposition, 1 of which contained a focus of intratubular germ cell neoplasia. The hematoxyphilic bodies appeared larger and more intensely echogenic on sonography than the psammoma bodies. The remaining case had stromal calcifications near the rete testis.The hematoxyphilic bodies and fibrosis with hemosiderin deposits are believed to represent remnants of testicular carcinoma. Our finding of intratubular germ cell neoplasia provides further proof that testicular carcinomas regress. In 5 of 6 patients (83%) with presumed extragonadal germ cell tumors we showed definite pathological evidence of a burned-out testicular carcinoma. With a presumed retroperitoneal germ cell tumor and palpably normal testes, sonographic demonstration of an echogenic lesion in the absence of a hypoechoic mass probably represents a burned-out primary neoplasm.

View details for Web of Science ID A1996UQ31700024

View details for PubMedID 8648846
Micturitional urethral pressure profilometry UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA Sullivan, M. P., Comiter, C. V., Yalla, S. V. 1996; 23 (2): 263-?
Abstract

The technique of micturitional urethral pressure profilometry using a trilumen catheter provides a method of assessing the dynamic behavior of the lower urinary tract during voiding. This method of evaluation is simple to perform, highly reproducible, accurate, and clinically useful not only in diagnosing the presence of outlet obstruction, but also in identifying its location and assessing its severity. The rationale for the use of this technique, the interpretation of the results, and various pressure profile configurations are discussed.

View details for Web of Science ID A1996UL94600010

View details for PubMedID 8659026
Fungal bezoar and bladder rupture secondary to Candida tropicalis UROLOGY Comiter, C. V., McDonald, M., Minton, J., Yalla, S. V. 1996; 47 (3): 439-441
Abstract

Candidal urinary tract infections typically occur in a host with compromised immune function. Although usually associated with aerobic bacterial infections, emphysematous cystitis occasionally complicates fungal infections of the lower urinary tract, especially in diabetics. Another uncommon occurrence is formation of a "fungus ball" leading to obstructive uropathy. We present a case of bladder rupture in a patient with emphysematous cystitis and obstructing fungal bezoar caused by Candida tropicalis. Various factors predispose to fungal urinary tract infection, including diabetes mellitus, neurogenic bladder, antibiotic usage, and the presence of an indwelling urinary catheter.

View details for Web of Science ID A1996UA32700031

View details for PubMedID 8633419
Does chronic prostatic obstruction result in impaired renal function? 26th Annual Meeting of the International-Continence-Society Comiter, C., Sullivan, M., Schacterle, R., Cohen, L., Yalla, S. MONDUZZI EDITORE. 1996: 75–79
View details for Web of Science ID A1996BG41B00012
DETACHED CILIARY TUFTS IN THE EPIDIDYMIS - A LESSON IN APPLIED ANATOMY UROLOGY Comiter, C. V., BRUNING, C. O., Morgentaler, A. 1995; 46 (5): 740-742
Abstract

We report a case of detached ciliary tufts (DCTs) discovered in the aspirate from an epididymal cyst in a 30-year-old man undergoing epididymal exploration for obstructive azoospermia. The specimen was initially misdiagnosed as a parasite due to its appearance and spontaneous motion on fresh smear. Since standard urology and histology texts identify ciliated cells only in the efferent duct of the male genital tract, the source of DCTs in this patient was mysterious. However, on further review, histologic studies have demonstrated that the first portion of the epididymis represents an extension of the efferent ducts and is lined with cilia. The fact that the caput epididymis is composed of branched efferent ducts has significant implications for our understanding of congenital absence of the vas, epididymal sperm aspiration, spermatoceles, and epididymal physiology.

View details for Web of Science ID A1995TE46600029

View details for PubMedID 7495135
NONPALPABLE INTRATESTICULAR MASSES DETECTED SONOGRAPHICALLY JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Comiter, C. V., Benson, C. J., CAPELOUTO, C. C., Kantoff, P., Shulman, L., Richie, J. P., Loughlin, K. R. 1995; 154 (4): 1367-1369
Abstract

There is controversy concerning the implications of impalpable testicular masses. We examine the sonographic findings and pathology of such tumors.Between 1985 and 1994, 3,019 scrotal ultrasound studies were performed for various indications and 15 impalpable masses were discovered.Pathological study revealed 5 seminomas, 6 nonseminomas, 2 "burned-out" tumors, 1 lipoma and 1 granuloma.Impalpable intratesticular masses are likely to be malignant. Any young man with retroperitoneal or visceral masses should undergo scrotal ultrasound. A testicular mass is likely to be the primary cancer but it may be regressed. Persistent scrotal pain may be a presentation of malignancy and should be evaluated with ultrasound.

View details for Web of Science ID A1995RU47200028

View details for PubMedID 7658540
GLUCOCORTICOID-REMEDIABLE ALDOSTERONISM - A RARE HEREDITARY FORM OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE-REGULATED MINERALOCORTICOID HYPERTENSION JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Comiter, C. V., CAPELOUTO, C. C., Tobin, M. S., Dluhy, R. G., Richie, J. P. 1995; 154 (2): 510-512
View details for Web of Science ID A1995RJ05000046

View details for PubMedID 7609119

Professor of Urology and, by courtesy, of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Stanford University Medical Center

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