Brent Tan

All Publications

• Myeloid Cell Nuclear Differentiation Antigen (MNDA) Positivity in Primary Follicles: Potential Pitfall in the Differential Diagnosis With Marginal Zone Lymphoma. Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM Manohar, V., Peerani, R., Tan, B., Gratzinger, D., Natkunam, Y. 2019

  Abstract

  Myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is an immunohistochemical marker that is used to distinguish marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs) from other small B-cell lymphomas. An index case that showed MNDA staining in primary follicles prompted the current study to evaluate whether MNDA expression is widespread in primary follicles and to address whether it poses a potential diagnostic pitfall. Of the 15 cases with primary follicles identified by a search of the laboratory information system, 7 had positive MNDA staining. In all cases, there was weak nuclear staining similar to what is typical of MNDA staining in MZLs. All cases showed intense nuclear signal in myeloid lineage cells such as neutrophils, which served as positive internal controls. The histologic and cytologic features of primary follicles and MZLs showed overlapping features, particularly in small biopsies. Our results indicate that weak nuclear MNDA staining can act as a potential pitfall in the evaluation of small B-cell lymphomas. Correlation with other immunohistochemical markers that are useful in the workup of small B-cell lymphomas, as well as those that outline immunoarchitectural features of lymphoid follicles, is suggested when both entities are part of the differential diagnosis. Our results underscore the need for caution in the interpretation of weak nuclear MNDA staining in the evaluation of small B-cell lymphomas.

  View details for PubMedID 30640752

• Prospective Analysis of EBV plus PTLD in a Multi-Center Study of Pediatric Transplant Recipients Martinez, O. M., Krams, S. M., Lapasaran, M., Boyd, S. D., Bernstein, D., Twist, C., Weinberg, K., Gratzinger, D., Tan, B., Armstrong, B., Ikle, D., Brown, M., Robien, M., Esquivel, C. O. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 2018: S319

  View details for Web of Science ID 000444541200511

• Implementation of Epic Beaker Clinical Pathology at Stanford University Medical Center AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY Tan, B. T., Fralick, J., Flores, W., Schrandt, C., Davis, V., Bruynell, T., Wilson, L., Christopher, J., Weber, S., Shah, N. 2017; 147 (3): 261-272

  Abstract

  To provide an account of implementation of the Epic Beaker 2014 clinical pathology module at Stanford University Medical Center and highlight strengths and weaknesses of the system.Based on a formal selection process, Stanford selected Epic Beaker to replace Sunquest as the clinical laboratory information system (LIS). The rationale included integration between the LIS and already installed Epic electronic medical record (EMR), reduction in the number of systems and interfaces, and positive patient identification (PPID). The build was significantly customized and included a first of its kind Epic-to-Epic interface. This was due to the clinical laboratory serving two hospitals (pediatric and adult) with independent instances of Epic.Test turnaround times showed improvement from historical baselines, mostly because of the implementation of PPID. PPID also resulted in significant reduction in mislabeled specimens.Epic 2014 Beaker clinical pathology is a viable LIS with adequate functionality for a large academic center. Strengths include PPID and integration with the EMR. Integration provides laboratory users with ready access to the patient's relevant clinical history to assist releasing of results and gives physician and nurse providers sophisticated add-on ordering and specimen collection workflows. Areas that could use further development include specimen aliquoting, quality control reporting, and maintenance tools.

  View details for DOI 10.1093/AJCP/AQW221

  View details for Web of Science ID 000397109200002

  View details for PubMedID 28395051

• Primary lymphoma of bone in the pediatric and young adult population. Human pathology Chisholm, K. M., Ohgami, R. S., Tan, B., Hasserjian, R. P., Weinberg, O. K. 2017; 60: 1-10

  Abstract

  Primary lymphoma of bone (PLB) accounts for 3% to 7% of primary neoplasms of bone and must be distinguished from more common bone tumors in the pediatric population such as osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and other small round blue cell tumors. In this study, pathology databases from 4 institutions were queried for PLB in individuals 1 to 21 years old. A total of 54 cases of PLB were identified, including 41 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL, 76%), 8 B-lymphoblastic lymphomas (BLL, 15%), 3 anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL, 6%), and 2 low-grade follicular lymphomas (4%). The male/female ratio was 1.8:1 and median age was 16 years (range, 2-21). Patients with DLBCL were significantly older (P<.001), and patients with ALCL and BLL were significantly younger (P=.050 and P=.008, respectively) when compared with the other patients. Due to necrosis, crush artifact, and/or insufficient material, 30% of cases required multiple biopsies for diagnosis. The femur, tibia, pelvic bones, humerus, and vertebrae were most commonly involved. DLBCL patients had significantly more solitary bone involvement (P=.001), whereas BLL had significantly more polyostotic involvement (P<.001). Of the 37 patients with outcome data, all had no evidence of disease on last follow-up. This largest pediatric series of PLB identifies DLBCL as the most frequent subtype and documents rarer occurrences of BLL, ALCL, and follicular lymphomas. The differential diagnosis of bone neoplasms in pediatric patients, including those with necrosis, should include PLB.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.07.028

  View details for PubMedID 27554207

• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis as a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with ovarian dysgerminoma. Gynecologic oncology reports Nosratian-Baskovic, M., Tan, B., Folkins, A., Chisholm, K. M., Dorigo, O. 2016; 17: 38-41

  Abstract

  •Ovarian dysgerminoma associated with paraneoplastic fever, cytopenia and splenomegaly•Complete symptom resolution resulted from tumor resection and medical management•Non-hematolymphoid neoplasms are part of differential diagnosis in secondary HLH.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gore.2016.05.013

  View details for PubMedID 27354999

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4909829

• Validation of Digital Whole Slide Imaging System for Breast Sentinel Lymph Node Touch Prep Analysis: A Single Institution Experience Hoffmann, J., McGinnis, L., Mafnas, C. T., Ziskin, J., Folkins, A. K., Allison, K., West, R. B., Higgins, J. P., Kambham, N., Long, S. R., Tan, B. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2016: 496A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000369270703125

• Initial Validation of Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) for Use in Frozen Section Consultation at Stanford University Fernandez-Pol, S., Carneal, E., Rumery, M., Samghabadi, P., Tan, B. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2016: 494A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000369270703118

• Initial Validation of Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) for Use in Frozen Section Consultation at Stanford University Fernandez-Pol, S., Carneal, E., Rumery, M., Samghabadi, P., Tan, B. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2016: 494A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000370302503439

• Validation of Digital Whole Slide Imaging System for Intraoperative Breast Sentinel Lymph Node Touch Prep Analysis: A Single Institution Experience Hoffmann, J., McGinnis, L., Mafnas, C. T., Ziskin, J., Folkins, A. K., Allison, K., West, R. B., Higgins, J. P., Kambham, N., Long, S. R., Tan, B. NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. 2016: 496A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000370302503446

• Cellular morphology of BRAF V600E-positive Langerhans cell histiocytosis BLOOD Satpathy, A. T., Tan, B. T. 2015; 126 (15): 1857-1857

  View details for DOI 10.1182/blood-2015-07-656900

  View details for Web of Science ID 000365451500021

  View details for PubMedID 26734696

• Angioimmunoblastic T Cell Lymphoma: An Unusual Presentation of Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder in a Pediatric Patient ACTA HAEMATOLOGICA Kraus, T. S., Twist, C. J., Tan, B. T. 2014; 131 (2): 95-101

  Abstract

  Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a potentially life-threatening complication of immunosuppression in transplant recipients. The majority of cases are Epstein-Barr virus-associated lesions of B cell origin. T cell PTLD is rare, particularly in pediatric patients. We present an unusual case of monomorphic T cell PTLD with features of angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma in an 8-year-old heart transplant patient, presenting with cranial nerve palsy. © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  View details for DOI 10.1159/000353783

  View details for Web of Science ID 000331488500006

  View details for PubMedID 24157860

• Evaluation of the Beckman Coulter UniCel DxH 800, Beckman Coulter LH 780, and Abbott Diagnostics Cell-Dyn Sapphire Hematology Analyzers on Adult Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY Tan, B. T., Nava, A. J., George, T. I. 2011; 135 (6): 939-951

  Abstract

  We evaluated the new Beckman Coulter DxH 800 hematology analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL) vs the Abbott Diagnostics Cell-Dyn Sapphire (Abbott Diagnostics, Santa Clara, CA) and Beckman Coulter LH 780 hematology analyzers using 430 adult specimens. The DxH 800 provided a CBC and differential that correlated well with those of the Sapphire and LH 780, with most parameters showing correlation coefficients (r) of more than 0.97. In the instrument vs 400-cell manual differential comparison, all 3 instruments showed similar and acceptable accuracy to the reference method except for nucleated RBC (NRBC) enumeration, in which the DxH 800 and Sapphire outperformed the LH 780. We also compared clinical efficiency by determining whether flagged specimens showed abnormalities on a peripheral blood smear as defined by International Council for Standardization in Haematology criteria. The efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity of the DxH 800 were 77.0%, 87.1%, and 73.0%, respectively, compared with the Sapphire at 75.8%, 93.5%, and 68.8%, respectively, and LH 780 at 66.1%, 93.5%, and 55.3%, respectively.

  View details for DOI 10.1309/AJCP1V3UXEIQTSLE

  View details for PubMedID 21571967

• Evaluation of the Beckman Coulter UniCel DxH 800 and Abbott Diagnostics Cell-Dyn Sapphire Hematology Analyzers on Pediatric and Neonatal Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY Tan, B. T., Nava, A. J., George, T. I. 2011; 135 (6): 929-938

  Abstract

  We evaluated the new UniCel DxH 800 hematology analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL) vs the Cell-Dyn Sapphire (Abbott Diagnostics, Santa Clara, CA) using 156 pediatric specimens in Microtainer tubes (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ). The CBC and differential showed good interinstrument correlation, including WBCs (r = 0.995), RBCs (r = 0.992), hemoglobin (r = 0.998), mean corpuscular volume (r = 0.988), platelets (r = 0.997), neutrophils (r = 0.988), lymphocytes (r = 0.984), monocytes (r = 0.815), eosinophils (r = 0.840), basophils (r = 0.049), and nucleated RBCs (NRBCs; r = 0.906). In the instrument vs 400-cell manual differential comparison, the DxH 800 and Sapphire showed comparable performance for nearly all parameters except for NRBCs, for which the DxH 800 correlated better (r = 0.989) than the Sapphire (r = 0.906). We also compared clinical efficiency by determining whether flagged specimens showed abnormalities on a peripheral blood smear as defined by International Council for Standardization in Haematology criteria. The efficiency of the DxH 800 was 78.0% vs the Sapphire at 68.1%. Both instruments showed identical sensitivity (91.1%), but the specificity for the DxH 800 (71.9%) was higher than that of the Sapphire (57.3%).

  View details for DOI 10.1309/AJCP2EXNSLGGRVSQ

  View details for PubMedID 21571966

• Anti-CD47 Antibody Synergizes with Rituximab to Promote Phagocytosis and Eradicate Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma CELL Chao, M. P., Alizadeh, A. A., Tang, C., Myklebust, J. H., Varghese, B., Gill, S., Jan, M., Cha, A. C., Chan, C. K., Tan, B. T., Park, C. Y., Zhao, F., Kohrt, H. E., Malumbres, R., Briones, J., Gascoyne, R. D., Lossos, I. S., Levy, R., Weissman, I. L., Majeti, R. 2010; 142 (5): 699-713

  Abstract

  Monoclonal antibodies are standard therapeutics for several cancers including the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab for B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Rituximab and other antibodies are not curative and must be combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy for clinical benefit. Here we report the eradication of human NHL solely with a monoclonal antibody therapy combining rituximab with a blocking anti-CD47 antibody. We identified increased expression of CD47 on human NHL cells and determined that higher CD47 expression independently predicted adverse clinical outcomes in multiple NHL subtypes. Blocking anti-CD47 antibodies preferentially enabled phagocytosis of NHL cells and synergized with rituximab. Treatment of human NHL-engrafted mice with anti-CD47 antibody reduced lymphoma burden and improved survival, while combination treatment with rituximab led to elimination of lymphoma and cure. These antibodies synergized through a mechanism combining Fc receptor (FcR)-dependent and FcR-independent stimulation of phagocytosis that might be applicable to many other cancers.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2010.07.044

  View details for PubMedID 20813259

• The Frequency of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene and T-Cell Receptor gamma-Chain Gene Rearrangements and Epstein-Barr Virus in ALK(+) and ALK(-) Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and Other Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS Tan, B. T., Seo, K., Warnke, R. A., Arber, D. A. 2008; 10 (6): 502-512

  Abstract

  We previously identified a relatively high frequency of B-cell proliferations along with simultaneous T-cell receptor gamma-chain gene (TRG) and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IGH) rearrangements in a series of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified. Here, we report on a series of 74 peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) cases composed entirely of specific PTCL subtypes, including 28 cases of ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), 35 cases of ALK- ALCL, and 11 cases that represent other specific PTCL subtypes. We performed IGH and TRG gene rearrangement studies and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to determine the frequency of IGH clonality and to investigate the relationship between EBV, clonality, and associated B-cell proliferations. Using BIOMED-2 PCR assays, we detected TRG clones in 64 of 74 (86%) cases and IGH clones in 6 of 74 (8%) cases, with all IGH-positive cases exhibiting a concurrent TRG clone. Despite the detection of occasional IGH clones, there was no correlation between IGH clonality and EBV, and B-cell proliferations were not identified in any of the cases. These findings suggest that other factors contribute to IGH clonality and demonstrate that, in the absence of an associated B-cell proliferation, IGH clonality occurs infrequently (8%) in specific PTCL subtypes.

  View details for DOI 10.2353/jmoldx.2008.080054

  View details for Web of Science ID 000260533600007

  View details for PubMedID 18832464

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2570633

• The Wilms' tumor gene WT1-GFP knock-in mouse reveals the dynamic regulation of WT1 expression in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis LEUKEMIA Hosen, N., Shirakata, T., Nishida, S., Yanagihara, M., Tsuboi, A., Kawakami, M., Oji, Y., Oka, Y., Okabe, M., Tan, B., Sugiyama, H., Weissman, I. L. 2007; 21 (8): 1783-1791

  Abstract

  The Wilms' tumor gene WT1 is overexpressed in most of human leukemias regardless of disease subtypes. To characterize the expression pattern of WT1 during normal and neoplastic hematopoiesis, we generated a knock-in reporter green fluorescent protein (GFP) mouse (WT1(GFP/+)) and assayed for WT1 expression in normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells. In normal hematopoietic cells, WT1 was expressed in none of the long-term (LT) hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and very few (<1%) of the multipotent progenitor cells. In contrast, in murine leukemias induced by acute myeloid leukemia 1 (AML1)/ETO+TEL/PDGFbetaR or BCR/ABL, WT1 was expressed in 40.5 or 38.9% of immature c-kit(+)lin(-)Sca-1(+) (KLS) cells, which contained a subset, but not all, of transplantable leukemic stem cells (LSCs). WT1 expression was minimal in normal fetal liver HSCs and mobilized HSCs, both of which are stimulated for proliferation. In addition, overexpression of WT1 in HSCs did not result in proliferation or expansion of HSCs and their progeny in vivo. Thus, the mechanism by which expansion of WT1-expressing cells occurs in leukemia remains unclear. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate that the WT1(GFP/+) mouse is a powerful tool for analyzing WT1-expressing cells, and they highlight the potential of WT1, as a specific therapeutic target that is expressed in LSCs but not in normal HSCs.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/sj.leu.2404752

  View details for Web of Science ID 000248170100021

  View details for PubMedID 17525726

• The cancer stem cell hypothesis: a work in progress LABORATORY INVESTIGATION Tan, B. T., Park, C. Y., Ailles, L. E., Weissman, I. L. 2006; 86 (12): 1203-1207

  Abstract

  There is a growing body of evidence that supports the idea that malignant tumors are initiated and maintained by a population of tumor cells that share similar biologic properties to normal adult stem cells. This model, the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, is based on the observation that tumors, like adult tissues, arise from cells that exhibit the ability to self-renew as well as give rise to differentiated tissue cells. Although the concept of the CSC is not entirely new, advances made over the past two decades in our understanding of normal stem cell biology in conjunction with the recent application of these concepts to experimentally define CSCs have resulted in the identification of CSCs in several human malignancies.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/labinvest.3700488

  View details for Web of Science ID 000242442400001

  View details for PubMedID 17075578

• The frequency of B- and T-cell gene Rearrangements and Epstein-Barr virus in T-cell lymphomas - A comparison between angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified with and without associated B-cell proliferations JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS Tan, B. T., Warnke, R. A., Arber, D. A. 2006; 8 (4): 466-475

  Abstract

  We report on a series of 58 cases of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT) and 59 cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (PTCL-NOS). Subsets of cases from both diagnostic groups were complicated by associated B-cell proliferations, and we performed B- and T-cell clonality studies and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to investigate the relationship between B-cell proliferation, B-cell clonality, and EBV. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays based on the BIOMED-2 collaborative study, we detected TCRgamma T-cell clones in 78 and 81% of AILT and PTCL-NOS cases, respectively, and IGH B-cell clones in 34 and 35% of AILT and PTCL-NOS cases, respectively. The majority of cases contained EBV-positive cells, including 50% of AILT and 57% of PTCL-NOS cases, and cases with B-cell proliferations were more often EBV-positive. Although a relatively high rate of B-cell clonality has been shown for AILT, our findings for PTCL-NOS differ from previous reports in that B-cell clonality was relatively frequent. Overall, a positive B-cell clone correlated, in part, with the presence of a B-cell proliferation but not with EBV. Our findings demonstrate that B-cell clonality is a common finding in AILT and PTCL-NOS, and its presence should not negate the diagnosis established by morphologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical findings.

  View details for DOI 10.2353/jmoldx.2006.060016

  View details for Web of Science ID 000240256600010

  View details for PubMedID 16931587

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC1867616