Motion Sickness

Background

Motion sickness is a common condition that occurs when the brain receives conflicting signals from the eyes, inner ear (vestibular system), and body about movement. This mismatch can happen during travel in cars, boats, airplanes, or even virtual environments. Symptoms typically include nausea, dizziness, sweating, and fatigue, and they may start suddenly. While motion sickness affects people of all ages, some individuals are more sensitive to motion than others, and symptoms may become more noticeable with age or stress.

Causes

The underlying cause of motion sickness is a sensory conflict between what the inner ear perceives and what the eyes see. For example, reading a book in a moving car sends signals to the brain that you’re still, while your vestibular system senses motion — leading to discomfort. Conditions such as vestibular migraine, inner ear dysfunction, or anxiety can increase susceptibility. Genetics, hormonal changes, and even poor ventilation can also contribute to symptoms.

Treatments

Treatment focuses on reducing sensory conflict and relieving symptoms. Behavioral strategies such as facing forward while traveling, maintaining visual focus on the horizon, and ensuring good airflow can help. Medications like antihistamines (meclizine, dimenhydrinate), scopolamine patches, and in some cases anti-nausea medications may be effective. For individuals with frequent or severe symptoms, vestibular rehabilitation therapy or migraine medications may improve motion tolerance over time. Avoiding h alcohol before travel may also reduce symptoms.