Mal de Débarquement Syndrome (MdDS)

Background

Mal de Débarquement Syndrome (MdDS) is a balance disorder characterized by a persistent sensation of rocking, swaying, or bobbing, typically after prolonged exposure to passive motion, such as a boat, airplane, or long car ride. Unlike typical motion sickness, the symptoms begin after movement stops and may persist for weeks, months, or even years. MdDS is not associated with inner ear damage but is thought to result from the brain’s difficulty readjusting to a stable environment. Patients typically feel better when in motion than when at rest.

Causes

MdDS is likely due to a maladaptation of the brain’s motion-processing networks. It is more common in women and can be triggered by prolonged travel or, in some cases, without a clear motion-related event. Stress and hormonal changes may also contribute to its onset.

Treatment

Treatment focuses on retraining the brain’s balance system through vestibular therapy, visual-motion desensitization, and balance exercises. Medications targeting the brain’s sensory integration system, such as migraine medications or SSRIs, may be helpful. Lifestyle modifications, including stress management, hydration, and consistent sleep, are also key.