Does taking a probiotic supplement affect the parameters of metabolic syndrome (blood pressure, blood sugar & lipids, and central obesity), in people with this condition?

What are the effects on cardiometabolic health of a well-formulated ketogenic diet compared to those of a Mediterranean diet when avoiding not only added sugars and refined grains but also legumes, fruits, and whole grains?

How does replacing meat consumption with plant-based meat alternatives impact cardiovascular health, the gut microbiome, and metabolic status, with a primary focus on fasting serum trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)?

Could taking a vitamin D supplement help prevent diabetes in individuals at high risk?

What is the effect of a healthy low-fat diet compared to a healthy low-carbohydrate diet on weight change over a one-year period in generally healthy overweight adults, and are these effects related to genotype pattern or insulin secretion?

How do foods naturally rich in antioxidants compare to antioxidants in pill form in their effect on markers of inflammation in healthy adults at risk of cardiovascular disease?

What are the major dietary sources in the U.S.? Do they come from salt added at the table or during cooking, or from sodium in packaged and processed foods? The Salt Sources Study, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, will investigate this question through a multi-center approach, involving 450 participants from diverse ethnic background nationwide.

Can weight loss success be improved by matching the dietary approach (Low Carb vs. Low Fat) to an individual’s insulin resistance status?

Does drinking raw, unpasterized milk reduce lactose malabsorption and symptoms of lactose intolerance compared to conventional pasteurized milk? This is one of the health claims made by raw milk enthusiasts, but it hasn't been tested yet. This pilot study will answer this very question.

What are the effects of omega-3 fatty acids from marine sources (fish oil) compared to plant food sources (flaxseed oil), in both low and high doses, on markers of inflammation in people with metabolic syndrome?

Does improving sleep quantity and/or quality increase successful weight loss and weight loss maintenance when added to a traditional diet and exercise approach?

Do two different types of fish oil supplements, which differ in how they are manufactured, confer similar triglyceride-lowering benefits in individuals with elevated levels in their blood?

Is a Ginkgo biloba extract effective in incresing walking time and pain-free walking time in PAD patients?

How do four popular weight loss strategies representing a spectrum of low to high carbohydrate intake compare in their effect on weight loss and other health outcomes?

What are the effects on LDL cholesterol of raw garlic compared to two commonly used garlic supplements in subjects with moderately high LDL cholesterol levels?

How do two commercially available soy milks—one made using whole soybeans and the other using soy protein isolate—compare in their effect on blood cholesterol and other markers of cardiometabolic health?

Does a plant-based diet consistent with the 2000 AHA dietary guidelines, emphasizing plant-based foods, lower blood cholesterol more effectively than the previously recommendations focused only on lowering dietary saturated fat and cholesterol intake?