1968

First adult human heart transplant in the United States, Norman Shumway successfully transplants a heart into 54-year-old steelworker Mike Kasperak, who survives for 14 days.

1974

Introduction of distant heart procurement to enable the brain dead body of the donor NOT to be transferred to Stanford to be in the adjoining OR at the time of donation.

1975

Introduction of endomycardial biospy for monitoring heart failure rejection with histological grading scheme (Philip Caves, Margaret Billingham, Sharon Hunt)

1980

Introduction of cyclosporine into heart transplant immunosuppressive regimens (Sharon Hunt, efforts led by Phil Oyer, Norm Shumway)

1981

First successful human combined heart/lung transplant in the world (fourth attempted worldwide), Mary Gohlke receives the world's first combined heart and lung transplant in a landmark operation led by surgeon Bruce Reitz.

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Seminal clinical strategy for long term monitoring and care of cardiac transplant (Stinson, Hunt)

1989

Seminal work on role of beta blockade in heart failure (Fowler, Valentine)

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Sharon Hunt President of ISHLT

1999

1,000th heart transplant performed at Stanford Hospital

2002

Novel immunosuppressants for heart transplant

2005

Biopsy grading of celluar rejection, revision

2010

Development of the AlloMap test to diagnose transplant rejection, one of the first genomic diagnostic tests (Mike Pham, Hannah Valentine, Tom Quertermous)

2011

First pilot demonstration of the development and utility of cell free DNA to monitor for heart transplant rejection (Khush, Valentine)(PNAS with Steve Quake)

2013

First catheter based deactivation of a left ventricular assist device after myocardial recovery.

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Role ot telomere shortening in cardiac failure in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Blau, Bernstein)

2014

Clinical trial evidence that cell free DNA can be used to monitor for acute rejection post heart transplant (Khush, Valentine)

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Circulating cell-free DNA enables non-invasive diagnosis of heart transplant rejection (Quake, Valantine, Bernstein, Khush)

2019

Jeff Teuteberg President of ISHLT

2020

Completed enrollment for the NIH-sponsored Donor Heart Study (2014-2020)—the first prospective study of potential cardiac organ donors (Khush)

1963

Complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot (Shumway)

1968

Discovery that insulin resistance is the principal physiologic characteristic of mild type-II diabetes and obesity, Researchers John Farquhar and Gerald Reaven discover the principal physiological characteristic of type-2 diabetes is insulin resistance.

1971

First multicenter trial to demonstrate that lowering cholesterol levels prevents heart disease, John Farquhar and Peter Wood lead the first large clinical investigation that shows lowering cholesterol levels prevents heart disease.

1972

First U.S. trial of community-wide mass media intervention with health education for preventing heart disease (Farquhar, Wood, Haskell, Maccoby and others). Lancet 1977;1(8023):1192-5.

1974

First successful pediatric heart transplant (Shumway, Stinson)

1977

Palo Alto VA faculty (Herb Hultgren) involved in VA Coop study which showed critical survival benefit of revascularization

1982

Stanford faculty (Ed Alderman) played a critical role in the CASS (Coronary Artery Surgery Study), a randomized trial of CABG

1986

One of the first successful infant heart transplants (Shumway, Stinson)

1986

Stanford is one of founding members of Pediatric Heart Transplant Study

1987

Initiated the ongoing Veterans Exercise Testing Study (VETS) – among the first to demonstrate prognostic power of cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical populations (Vic Froelicher, John Myers)

1991

First successful long-term palliaton for severe neonatal Ebstein anomaly (Vaughn Starnes)

1992

First demonstration of growth of the transplanted pediatric heart (Bernstein)

1993

First demonstration that lifestyle changes and drug therapy decrease heart attack rates and slows progression of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries

1994

Seminal work on vascular remodeling and molecular therapies for vascular disease (Dzau, Gibbons) (NEJM)

1996

First gene knockout of adrenergic receptor genes (Drs. Brian Kobilka, Dan Bernstein and Gregory Barsh)

1997

First multi-center study of long-term survival in pediatric heart transplantation (Bernstein)

1999

Demonstration of adverse outcomes of older donor hearts in adolescent recipients (Chin, Bernstein)

2002

Dan Bernstein serves as President of the Society for Pediatric Research

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Total lymphoid radiation in pediatric heart transplant recipients (Chin/Robbins/Hunt/Reitz/Bernstein)

2003

Resynchronization pacing for children with right ventricular failure (Dubin, Feinstein, Hanley, Rosenthal)

2004

Foundation of the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute.

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One of the first uses of whole transcriptome profiling (gene chips) in models of heart failure (Bernstein)

2006

Establishment of lymphedema as an inflammatory disease that has provided pharmacological targets that have proceeded to positive human clinical trials (Rockson).

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First stent valve implantation in an infant (Feinstein, Reddy, Perry)

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10 and 20 year long-term survival in pediatric heart transplant recipients (Shumway, Robbins, Chin, Bernstein)

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First multi-center study to demonstarte feasibility of heart transplant for patients with a failed Fontan (Bernstein)

2007

COURAGE Trial. Among patients with stable coronary artery disease, PCI as an initial management strategy did not reduce the risk of death or myocardial infarction when added to optimal medical therapy. The medical therapy was modeled after SCRIP. (David Maron) N Engl J Med 2007;356:1503-1516.

2008

One of the first reports of VAD use in pediatric heart failure patients (Rosenthal, Robbins, Reitz)

2010

First use of whole genome seuqencing in clinical care (Euan Ashley led team)

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First whole genome sequence molecular autopsy (Euan Ashley)

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First study on INTERMACS-defined morbidity and mortality associated with pediatric ventricular assist device support (Rheinhartz, Robbins, Reitz, Chin, Bernstein, Rosenthal)

2011

CARDIOGRAM study, largest genome wide association for coronary artery disease (Assimes, Knowles, Quertermous co-investigators)

2012

Creation of IPSC biobank of iPSCs from patients with Mendelian diseases and complex diseases (Joe Wu, Quertermous)

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Human iPSCs to study dilated & hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Sci Tranl Med 2012; Cell Stem Cell 2013; Cell Stem Cell 2015; Joseph Wu)

2013

Outcomes of combined heart and liver transplant for failing Fontan circulation

2014

First demonstration of somatic cardiac mosaicism (Ashley, James Priest)

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Large scale mapping of human coronary artery disease susceptibility loci (CARDIOGRAM+C4D)(Assimes, Quertermous, Knowles)

2015

Fastest enrolling clinical study, MyHeart Counts a first-of-its-kind cardiovascular health investigation and tool. Powered by Apple's ResearchKit platform, the app enables users to track their physical activity, in context with other heart health-related parameters, such as blood pressure. (McConnell, Ashley, Yeung)

2016

Created the first genome-wide expression map of the entire embryonic heart (Li G et al, Developmental Cell 2016) at single cell resolution. Sean Wu

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First clinical long read whole genome sequencing (Ashley)

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Critical role of CD47 in atherosclerosis (Kojima et al Nature) (Leeper, Quertermous)

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Human iPSCs to study chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (Nat Med 2016; Sci Transl Med 2017; Joseph Wu)

2018

Million Veteran Program Lipids Paper in Nature Genetics (largest multi-ethnic population study of blood lipids).(Assimes, Tsao)

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Phil Tsao named co-Principal Investigator of  the Million Veteran Program with primary responsibility of genomic data generation through the VA Palo Alto Epidemiology and Informatics Center (ERIC) for Genomics (co-directed by Drs. Tsao and Assimes)

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Undiagnosed disease network paper NEJM (Euan Ashley, Matt Wheeler)

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Human iPSCs as autologous cancer vaccine (Cell Stem Cell 2018; Joseph Wu)

2019

Joseph Wu elected to National Academy of Medicine

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Led the cardiac effort of the Tabula Muris Consortium that identified the genome-wide expression map of single cells in the entire adult mouse, Sean Wu

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Human iPSCs to study cardiolaminopathy (Nature 2019; Sci Transl Med 2020; Joseph Wu)

2020

ISCHEMIA Trial. Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, an initial invasive strategy did not significantly reduce the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death as compared with an initial conservative strategy. Patients with angina had a better quality of life with an invasive strategy. This trial had its roots in the SCRIP study led by Haskell and Alderman.(David Maron, Bob Harrington) N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1395-1407. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1408-1419.

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ISCHEMIA-CKD Trial. Among patients with stable coronary disease, advanced chronic kidney disease, and moderate or severe ischemia, an initial invasive strategy did not significantly reduce the risk of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction or improve quality of life as compared with an initial conservative strategy. (David Maron) N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1608-1618. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1619-1628.

1985

Intravascular ultrasound developed (Paul Yock) out of work influenced during training at Stanford.

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Rapid exchange angioplasy system (Paul Yock).

1994

First "sheathless" coronary stent develped by Simon Stertzer, critical in vivo experiments at Stanford.

1997

Stanford faculty including Mark Hlatky and Ed Alderman contributed significantly to the BARI trial (comparison of CABG vs angioplasty)

2003

Derivation and subsequent validation of the index of microcirculatory resistance, a novel invasive method for assessing microvascular function that is now used widely in the cath lab (Fearon). (Circulation.2003;107:3129–3132)

2008

First TAVR performed in Northern California (Yeung, Fearon)

2009

First publication of a multicenter outcomes trial (FAME) demonstrating the role of fractional flow reserve for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention (Fearon)

2010

Development and validation of intravascular lithotripsy system (Brinton)

2012

Publication of FAME 2 trial (Fearon)

2017

FDA approval of first IV short acting P2y12 inhibitor (cangrelor) in 2017 based on Champion trials – Harrington/Mahaffey