Therapeutic Hypothermia to Improve Survival After Cardiac Arrest in Pediatric Patients-THAPCA-IH [In Hospital] Trial

Inclusion Criteria:

   - Patient suffered cardiac arrest requiring chest compressions for at least 2 minutes
   (120 seconds) with ROSC/ROC; AND

   - Age greater than 48 hours (with a corrected gestational age of at least 38 weeks) and
   less than 18 years; AND

   - Patient requires continuous mechanical ventilation; AND

   - The cardiac arrest was unplanned (i.e., not part of cardiac surgical procedure)

Exclusion Criteria:

   - The parent or legal guardian does not speak English or Spanish (the only two languages
   in which VABS II is standardized)

   - Randomization is impossible within six hours of ROSC; OR

   - Patient is on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) when arrest occurs; OR

   - Continuous infusion of epinephrine or norepinephrine at very high doses (≥2
   ug/kg/minute) received immediately prior to randomization; OR Glasgow Coma Scale motor
   response of five (localizing pain or for infants less than two years, withdraws to
   touch) or six (obeys commands, or for infants, normal spontaneous movement) prior to
   randomization; OR

   - History of a prior cardiac arrest with chest compressions for at least two minutes
   during the current hospitalization but outside the 6 hour window for randomization; OR

   - Pre-existing terminal illness with life expectancy < 12 months; OR

   - Lack of commitment to aggressive intensive care therapies including do not resuscitate
   orders and other limitations to care; OR

   - Cardiac arrest was associated with severe brain, thoracic, or abdominal trauma; OR

   - Active and refractory severe bleeding prior to randomization; OR

   - Near drowning in ice water with patient core temperature ≤32 °C on presentation; OR

   - Patient is pregnant; OR

   - Patient participation in a concurrent interventional trial whose protocol, in the
   judgment of the THAPCA investigators, prevents effective application of one or both
   THAPCA therapeutic treatment arms, or otherwise significantly interferes with carrying
   out the THAPCA protocol; OR

   - Patient is newborn with acute birth asphyxia; OR

   _ Patient cared for in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) after arrest (ie, would
   not be admitted to PICU); OR

   - Patient has sickle cell anemia; OR

   - Patient known to have pre-existing cryoglobulinemia; OR

   - Central nervous system tumor with ongoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy; OR

   - Chronic hypothermia secondary to hypovolemic, pituitary, or related condition for
   which body temperature is consistently below 37 °C ; OR progressive degenerative
   encephalopathy; OR

   - Any condition in which direct skin surface cooling would be contraindicated, such as
   large burns, decubitus ulcers, cellulitis, or other conditions with disrupted skin
   integrity (NOTE: patients with open chest CPR should be included but placement of
   cooling mattresses will be modified as needed); OR

   - Previous enrollment in the THAPCA Trials.