Hematologic Considerations in Cardiac Surgery

• Horrow, J: Transfusion Medicine and Coagulation Disorders. Management of Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Associated Problems. In Cardiac Anesthesia, Kaplan, JA (Editor) Philadelphia, Saunders, 2000.
• Although the Kaplan text is too robust for an anesthesia resident, the chapters by Horrow and Mora should be mastered.

Valvular Heart Disease

• Chambers, DA: Acquired Valvular Heart Disease. Cardiac Anesthesia. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1979.
• Some things never change. This is the most succinct, clear, yet complete discussion of valvular heart disease and the implications for the cardiac anesthesiologist that I have found over the last twenty years.

Acid-Base Management and CPB

• Hickey, P, Hansen, DD: Temperature and Blood Gases: The Clinical Dilemma of Acid - Base Management for Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass.
• Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Current Concepts and Controversies. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company, 1989.
• You must master the topic of alpha-STAT vs. ph-STAT acid base management in cardiac surgery.
• Priestley, MA, et al: Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 121:2, 2001.
• Jonas, RA: Optimal pH Strategy for Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 121:2, 2001.
• If you understand this article, you have mastered the concept of acid-base management under various temperature conditions.
• O’Connor, CJ, Rothenberg, DM: Anesthetic Considerations for Descending Thoracic Aortic Surgery: Parts 1 and 2. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 9:5 & 6, 1995.
• You will enjoy a substantial experience in descending aortic surgery at Stanford University Hospital.
• Ling, E, et al: Systematic Overview of the Evidence Supporting the Use of Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage in Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Surgery for Prevention of Paraplegia. Anesthesiology 93:4, 2000.
• You will place many sub-arachnoid drains; understood the rationale for their use.
• Neri, E, et al: Operation for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection in Octogenarians: Is It Justified? The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 121:2, 2001.
• More than philosophical considerations for your practice.

Endovascular Stents for the Treatment of Diseases of the Aorta

• Dake, MD, et al: Endovascular Stent-Graft Placement for the Treatment of Acute Aortic Dissection. The New England Journal of Medicine 340:20, 1999.
• Dake and colleagues pioneered this technology at Stanford. We continue to care for patients managed with this technology.

Implantable Defibrillators

Atlee, JF, Bernstein, AD: Cardiac Rhythm Management Devices: Parts 1 and 2. Anesthesiology 95, 2001. Understanding AICDs.

Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery Patients

• Roach, GW, et al: Adverse Cerebral Outcomes After Coronary Bypass Surgery. The New England Journal of Medicine 335:25, 1996.
• Mora Mangano, CT, et al: Renal dysfunction after myocardial revascularization: Risk factors, adverse outcomes, and hospital resource utilization. Annual Internal Medicine 128:194-203, 1998.

Ventricular Assist Devices

• Goldstein, DJ, et al: Implantable Left Ventricular Assist Devices. The New England Journal of Medicine 339:21, 1998.
• We provide anesthesia for an increasingly debilitated group of patients managed with these devices.

Anesthesia for High Risk Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery

• Mangano, D: Cardiovascular Morbidity Associated with Surgery: Perspectives and New Findings. Annals of Cardiac Anesthesia 2:1-36, 1998.
• Overview of perioperative care for high-risk patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Transesophageal Echocardiography

• Shanewise, JS, et al: ASE/SCA Guidelines for Performing a Comprehensive Intraoperative Multiplane Transesophageal Echocardiography Examination. Anesth Analg 89:870-84, 1999.
• Nishimura RA, et al. Evaluation of Diastolic Filling of Left Ventricle in Health and Disease: Doppler Echocardiography is the Clinician’s Rosetta Stone. JACC Vol. 30. No.1 July 1997: 8-18.