On this page, we provide information for those curious to learn more about the well-being of animals in science, as well as tools for scientists looking to take their own research Beyond3Rs.
The 3Rs of animal research were proposed by Russel and Burch in 1959. These ideas lay the groundwork for humane use of animals in research, but modern animal well-being science is expanding far beyond the scope of this framework. Click below to learn more about the original principles and how to go Beyond3Rs.
3Rs and Beyond
- What are the 3Rs and how can we go beyond?
- National Centre for the 3Rs (NC3Rs)
- → Experimental Design Assistant
- → How to Handle Mice and Rats
- → Mouse Grimace Scale
- Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW)
- Animal Welfare Institute Refinement Database (AWI)
- North American 3Rs Collaborative (NA3RsC)
- PREPARE Guidelines (Planning Research and Experimental Procedures on Animals: Recommendations for Excellence)
- ARRIVE Guidelines (Animal Research Reporting of In Vivo Experiments)
- NIH Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW)
- Board on Animal Health Sciences, Conservation, and Research (BAHSCR)
About Animal Research
- Why Animal Research?
- GetReal! About Animal Research (Podcast)
- Come See Our World
- Stanford Department of Comparative Medicine
- Stanford Veterinary Service Center
