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Key Documents

NIH Biosketch available Online

Curriculum Vitae available Online

Xiaoyuan (Shawn) Chen

Associate Professor (Research), Radiology - Diagnostic Radiology
Member, Bio-X
Member, Cancer Center

Contact Information

Academic Offices

Personal Information
Email shawchen@stanford.edu Tel (650) 725-0950

Administrative Contact
Susan Singh Administrative Associate Email susan.singh@stanford.edu Tel Work 650-736-9781

Administrative Appointments

Topical Editor, Nanoscale Research Letters , (2008– present )
Editorial Board, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging , (2008– present )
Editorial Board, J Nucl Med , (2008– present )
Editorial Board, Bioconjugate Chemistry , (2008– present )
Editorial Board, Molecular Imaging , (2008– present )
Editorial Board, Molecular Imaging and Biology , (2008– present )
Editorial Board, The Open Medical Imaging Journal , (2007– present )
Editorial Board, Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery , (2006– present )
Editorial Board, Frontiers in Biosciences , (2006– present )
Editorial Board, Current Molecular Pharmacology , (2007– present )
Editorial Board, Signal Transduction Insights , (2008– present )

Honors and Awards

Best Basic Science paper, J Nucl Med (2008)
Best Basic Science Awards, SNM Annual Meetings (2006, 2007, 2008)
First place award, SNM’s Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (2008)

Postdoctoral Advisees

Qizhen Cao, Jinhao Gao, Eue Soon Jang, Shuanglong Liu

Graduate & Fellowship Program Affiliations

Web Site Links

Molecular Imaging Probe Laboratory (MIPL)

Research Interests

We are interested in developing and validating novel molecular imaging probes (nanoparticles, antibodies, proteins, peptides and small organic molecules) for the visualization and quantification of molecular targets that are aberrantly expressed during tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. We are trying to combine both anatomical and molecular imaging techniques to pinpoint molecular and functional information related to tumor growth and dissemination, and monitor specific molecular therapeutic efficacy. We are currently working closely with two important angiogenesis targets: integrin alpha(v)beta(3) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor subtype-2 (VEGFR-2). Integrins expressed on endothelial cells modulate cell migration and survival during angiogenesis. Integrins expressed on carcinoma cells potentiate metastasis by facilitating invasion and movement across blood vessels. In several malignancies, tumor expression of integrin alpha(v)beta(3) correlates well with tumor progression. VEGF is a key regulator of tumor angiogenesis and is the most potent endothelial cell mitogen. Binding of VEGF to its receptor on the endothelial cell membrane stimulates the VEGF signaling pathway. VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1) is the primary VEGF receptor on endothelial cells. Specific projects include nanoplatform-based molecular imaging, multimodality imaging of angiogenesis and metastasis, as well as targeted delivery of gene, chemo, and radiotherapeutics.

Publications

Circulation and long-term fate of functionalized, biocompatible single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice probed by Raman spectroscopy. Liu Z, Davis C, Cai W, He L, Chen X, Dai H. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105 (5): 1410-5
US imaging of tumor angiogenesis with microbubbles targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 in mice. Willmann JK, Paulmurugan R, Chen K, Gheysens O, Rodriguez-Porcel M, Lutz AM, Chen IY, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Radiology. 2008; 246 (2): 508-18
Preparation of peptide-conjugated quantum dots for tumor vasculature-targeted imaging. Cai W, Chen X. Nat Protoc. 2008; 3 (1): 89-96
Monitoring of the biological response to murine hindlimb ischemia with 64Cu-labeled vascular endothelial growth factor-121 positron emission tomography. Willmann JK, Chen K, Wang H, Paulmurugan R, Rollins M, Cai W, Wang DS, Chen IY, Gheysens O, Rodriguez-Porcel M, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Circulation. 2008; 117 (7): 915-22
In Vivo Biodistribution and Highly Efficient Tumor Targeting of Carbon Nanotubes in Mice Liu Z, Cai W, He L, Nakayama N, Sun X, Chen X, Dai H. Nat Nanotechnol. 2007; 2 (1): 47-52
Nanoplatforms for targeted molecular imaging in living subjects. Cai W, Chen X. Small. 2007; 3 (11): 1840-54
Molecular imaging can accelerate anti-angiogenic drug development and testing. Iagaru A, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2007; 4 (10): 556-7
Multimodality imaging of tumor integrin alphavbeta3 expression. Chen X, Mini Rev Med Chem. 2006; 6 (2): 227-34
Peptide-labeled near-infrared quantum dots for imaging tumor vasculature in living subjects. Cai W, Shin DW, Chen K, Gheysens O, Cao Q, Wang SX, Gambhir SS, Chen X. Nano Lett. 2006; 6 (4): 669-76
Significance of one-bead-one-compound combinational chemistry. Chen X, Gambhir SS. Nat Chem Biol. 2006; 2 (7): 351-2
How molecular imaging is speeding up antiangiogenic drug development. Cai W, Rao J, Gambhir SS, Chen X. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006; 5 (11): 2624-33
In vitro and in vivo characterization of 64Cu-labeled Abegrin, a humanized monoclonal antibody against integrin alpha v beta 3. Cai W, Wu Y, Chen K, Cao Q, Tice DA, Chen X. Cancer Res. 2006; 66 (19): 9673-81
In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging of integrin alphavbeta3 in brain tumor xenografts. Chen X, Conti PS, Moats RA. Cancer Res. 2004; 64 (21): 8009-14
Multimodality Molecular Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis Cai W, Chen X. J Nucl Med. in press
Characterization of Angiogenesis in GL26 Murine-Derived Glioblastoma Multiforme Veervagu A, Hou LC, Hsu AR, Cai W, Greve JM, Hoang S, Chen X, and Tse V. Neurological Res. in press
64Cu-labeled PEGylated polyethylenimine for cell trafficking and tumor imaging. Li ZB, Chen K, Wu Z, Wang H, Niu G, Chen X. Mol Imaging Biol. 2009 Nov-Dec; 11 (6): 415-23
Noninvasive visualization of microRNA by bioluminescence imaging. Niu G, Chen X. Mol Imaging Biol. 2009 Mar-Apr; 11 (2): 61-3
Improving tumor-targeting capability and pharmacokinetics of (99m)Tc-labeled cyclic RGD dimers with PEG(4) linkers. Wang L, Shi J, Kim YS, Zhai S, Jia B, Zhao H, Liu Z, Wang F, Chen X, Liu S. Mol Pharm. 2009 Jan-Feb; 6 (1): 231-45
Quantitative PET imaging of VEGF receptor expression. Chen K, Cai W, Li ZB, Wang H, Chen X. Mol Imaging Biol. 2009 Jan-Feb; 11 (1): 15-22
Site-specifically biotinylated VEGF(121) for near-infrared fluorescence imaging of tumor angiogenesis. Wang H, Chen K, Niu G, Chen X. Mol Pharm. 2009 Jan-Feb; 6 (1): 285-94
From protein-protein interaction to therapy response: molecular imaging of heat shock proteins. Niu G, Chen X. Eur J Radiol. 2009; 70 (2): 294-304
Noninvasive imaging of tumor integrin expression using (18)F-labeled RGD dimer peptide with PEG (4) linkers. Liu Z, Liu S, Wang F, Liu S, Chen X. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009; 36 (8): 1296-307
(68)Ga-labeled cyclic RGD dimers with Gly3 and PEG4 linkers: promising agents for tumor integrin alphavbeta3 PET imaging. Liu Z, Niu G, Shi J, Liu S, Wang F, Liu S, Chen X. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009; 36 (6): 947-57
Dual integrin and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor targeted tumor imaging using 18F-labeled PEGylated RGD-bombesin heterodimer 18F-FB-PEG3-Glu-RGD-BBN. Liu Z, Yan Y, Chin FT, Wang F, Chen X. J Med Chem. 2009; 52 (2): 425-32
Trafficking mesenchymal stem cell engraftment and differentiation in tumor-bearing mice by bioluminescence imaging. Wang H, Cao F, De A, Cao Y, Contag C, Gambhir SS, Wu JC, Chen X. Stem Cells. 2009; 27 (7): 1548-58
Applications for site-directed molecular imaging agents coupled with drug delivery potential. Wang H, Chen X. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2009; 6 (7): 745-68
Particle size, surface coating, and PEGylation influence the biodistribution of quantum dots in living mice. Schipper ML, Iyer G, Koh AL, Cheng Z, Ebenstein Y, Aharoni A, Keren S, Bentolila LA, Li J, Rao J, Chen X, Banin U, Wu AM, Sinclair R, Weiss S, Gambhir SS. Small. 2009; 5 (1): 126-34
Limb remote ischemic postconditioning protects against focal ischemia in rats. Ren C, Yan Z, Wei D, Gao X, Chen X, Zhao H. Brain Res. 2009; 1288 88-94
Supramolecular stacking of doxorubicin on carbon nanotubes for in vivo cancer therapy. Liu Z, Fan AC, Rakhra K, Sherlock S, Goodwin A, Chen X, Yang Q, Felsher DW, Dai H. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2009; 48 (41): 7668-72
Positron emission tomography imaging of poststroke angiogenesis. Cai W, Guzman R, Hsu AR, Wang H, Chen K, Sun G, Gera A, Choi R, Bliss T, He L, Li ZB, Maag AL, Hori N, Zhao H, Moseley M, Steinberg GK, Chen X. Stroke. 2009; 40 (1): 270-7
Noninvasive de novo imaging of human embryonic stem cell-derived teratoma formation. Cao F, Li Z, Lee A, Liu Z, Chen K, Wang H, Cai W, Chen X, Wu JC. Cancer Res. 2009; 69 (7): 2709-13
Improving tumor uptake and pharmacokinetics of (64)Cu-labeled cyclic RGD peptide dimers with Gly(3) and PEG(4) linkers. Shi J, Kim YS, Zhai S, Liu Z, Chen X, Liu S. Bioconjug Chem. 2009; 20 (4): 750-9
Iron oxide nanoparticle platform for biomedical applications. Xie J, Huang J, Li X, Sun S, Chen X. Curr Med Chem. 2009; 16 (10): 1278-94
(68)Ga-labeled NOTA-RGD-BBN peptide for dual integrin and GRPR-targeted tumor imaging. Liu Z, Niu G, Wang F, Chen X. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009; 36 (9): 1483-94
Monitoring therapeutic response of human ovarian cancer to 17-DMAG by noninvasive PET imaging with (64)Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab. Niu G, Li Z, Cao Q, Chen X. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009; 36 (9): 1510-9
MicroPET, MicroSPECT, and NIR fluorescence imaging of biomolecules in vivo. Li ZB, Chen X. Methods Mol Biol. 2009; 544 461-81
Small-animal PET of tumors with (64)Cu-labeled RGD-bombesin heterodimer. Liu Z, Li ZB, Cao Q, Liu S, Wang F, Chen X. J Nucl Med. 2009; 50 (7): 1168-77
PET of EGFR antibody distribution in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma models. Niu G, Li Z, Xie J, Le QT, Chen X. J Nucl Med. 2009; 50 (7): 1116-23
Triblock copolymer coated iron oxide nanoparticle conjugate for tumor integrin targeting. Chen K, Xie J, Xu H, Behera D, Michalski MH, Biswal S, Wang A, Chen X. Biomaterials. 2009; 30 (36): 6912-9
The synthesis of 18F-FDS and its potential application in molecular imaging. Li ZB, Wu Z, Cao Q, Dick DW, Tseng JR, Gambhir SS, Chen X. Mol Imaging Biol. 2008 Mar-Apr; 10 (2): 92-8
Non-invasive PET imaging of EGFR degradation induced by a heat shock protein 90 inhibitor. Niu G, Cai W, Chen K, Chen X. Mol Imaging Biol. 2008 Mar-Apr; 10 (2): 99-106
Semiautomated radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of [18F]FEAU: a novel PET imaging agent for HSV1-tk/sr39tk reporter gene expression. Chin FT, Namavari M, Levi J, Subbarayan M, Ray P, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Mol Imaging Biol. 2008 Mar-Apr; 10 (2): 82-91
Delayed postconditioning protects against focal ischemic brain injury in rats. Ren C, Gao X, Niu G, Yan Z, Chen X, Zhao H. PLoS One. 2008; 3 (12): e3851
Improving tumor uptake and excretion kinetics of 99mTc-labeled cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD) dimers with triglycine linkers. Shi J, Wang L, Kim YS, Zhai S, Liu Z, Chen X, Liu S. J Med Chem. 2008; 51 (24): 7980-90
Chapter 7. Molecular imaging of tumor vasculature. Cai W, Gambhir SS, Chen X. Methods Enzymol. 2008; 445 141-76
Integrin alphavbeta3-targeted radioimmunotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme. Veeravagu A, Liu Z, Niu G, Chen K, Jia B, Cai W, Jin C, Hsu AR, Connolly AJ, Tse V, Wang F, Chen X. Clin Cancer Res. 2008; 14 (22): 7330-9
Imaging of integrins as biomarkers for tumor angiogenesis. Cai W, Niu G, Chen X. Curr Pharm Des. 2008; 14 (28): 2943-73
Has molecular and cellular imaging enhanced drug discovery and drug development? Niu G, Chen X. Drugs R D. 2008; 9 (6): 351-68
Imaging mesenchymal stem cell migration and the implications for stem cell-based cancer therapies. Wang H, Chen X. Future Oncol. 2008; 4 (5): 623-8
Multimodality imaging of IL-18--binding protein-Fc therapy of experimental lung metastasis. Cao Q, Cai W, Niu G, He L, Chen X. Clin Cancer Res. 2008; 14 (19): 6137-45
Carbon nanotubes as photoacoustic molecular imaging agents in living mice. De la Zerda A, Zavaleta C, Keren S, Vaithilingam S, Bodapati S, Liu Z, Levi J, Smith BR, Ma TJ, Oralkan O, Cheng Z, Chen X, Dai H, Khuri-Yakub BT, Gambhir SS. Nat Nanotechnol. 2008; 3 (9): 557-62
64Cu-labeled 2-(diphenylphosphoryl)ethyldiphenylphosphonium cations as highly selective tumor imaging agents: effects of linkers and chelates on radiotracer biodistribution characteristics. Yang CT, Kim YS, Wang J, Wang L, Shi J, Li ZB, Chen X, Fan M, Li JJ, Liu S. Bioconjug Chem. 2008; 19 (10): 2008-22
Drug delivery with carbon nanotubes for in vivo cancer treatment. Liu Z, Chen K, Davis C, Sherlock S, Cao Q, Chen X, Dai H. Cancer Res. 2008; 68 (16): 6652-60
Imaging of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor expression using a 64Cu-labeled linear peptide antagonist by microPET. Li ZB, Niu G, Wang H, He L, Yang L, Ploug M, Chen X. Clin Cancer Res. 2008; 14 (15): 4758-66
PET/MRI dual-modality tumor imaging using arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD)-conjugated radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles. Lee HY, Li Z, Chen K, Hsu AR, Xu C, Xie J, Sun S, Chen X. J Nucl Med. 2008; 49 (8): 1371-9
Dual-modality optical and positron emission tomography imaging of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor on tumor vasculature using quantum dots. Chen K, Li ZB, Wang H, Cai W, Chen X. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008; 35 (12): 2235-44
99mTc-labeled bombesin(7-14)NH2 with favorable properties for SPECT imaging of colon cancer. Shi J, Jia B, Liu Z, Yang Z, Yu Z, Chen K, Chen X, Liu S, Wang F. Bioconjug Chem. 2008; 19 (6): 1170-8
Integrin-targeted imaging and therapy with RGD4C-TNF fusion protein. Wang H, Chen K, Cai W, Li Z, He L, Kashefi A, Chen X. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008; 7 (5): 1044-53
Evaluation of biodistribution and anti-tumor effect of a dimeric RGD peptide-paclitaxel conjugate in mice with breast cancer. Cao Q, Li ZB, Chen K, Wu Z, He L, Neamati N, Chen X. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008; 35 (8): 1489-98
Advances in anatomic, functional, and molecular imaging of angiogenesis. Hsu AR, Chen X. J Nucl Med. 2008; 49 (4): 511-4
Imaging of VEGF receptor in a rat myocardial infarction model using PET. Rodriguez-Porcel M, Cai W, Gheysens O, Willmann JK, Chen K, Wang H, Chen IY, He L, Wu JC, Li ZB, Mohamedali KA, Kim S, Rosenblum MG, Chen X, Gambhir SS. J Nucl Med. 2008; 49 (4): 667-73
Intracellular delivery of an anionic antisense oligonucleotide via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Alam MR, Dixit V, Kang H, Li ZB, Chen X, Trejo J, Fisher M, Juliano RL. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008; 36 (8): 2764-76
18F-labeled BBN-RGD heterodimer for prostate cancer imaging. Li ZB, Wu Z, Chen K, Ryu EK, Chen X. J Nucl Med. 2008; 49 (3): 453-61
(68)Ga-labeled multimeric RGD peptides for microPET imaging of integrin alpha(v)beta (3) expression. Li ZB, Chen K, Chen X. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008; 35 (6): 1100-8
Multimodality imaging of the HER-kinase axis in cancer. Cai W, Niu G, Chen X. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008; 35 (1): 186-208
Development of Alzheimer's disease imaging agents for clinical studies. Ryu EK, Chen X. Front Biosci. 2008; 13 777-89
Molecular imaging of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression. Niu G, Cai W, Chen X. Front Biosci. 2008; 13 790-805
Molecular imaging as the main part of our decision-making and treatment strategies in stroke. Kashefi A, Zhao H, Chen X. Front Biosci. 2008; 13 1535-56
Site-specifically modified fusion proteins for molecular imaging. Wang H, Chen X. Front Biosci. 2008; 13 1716-32
Short hairpin RNA interference therapy for ischemic heart disease. Huang M, Chan DA, Jia F, Xie X, Li Z, Hoyt G, Robbins RC, Chen X, Giaccia AJ, Wu JC. Circulation. 2008; 118 (14 Suppl): S226-33
Click chemistry for (18)F-labeling of RGD peptides and microPET imaging of tumor integrin alphavbeta3 expression. Li ZB, Wu Z, Chen K, Chin FT, Chen X. Bioconjug Chem. 2007 Nov-Dec; 18 (6): 1987-94
64Cu-labeled alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analog for microPET imaging of melanocortin 1 receptor expression. Cheng Z, Xiong Z, Subbarayan M, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Bioconjug Chem. 2007 May-Jun; 18 (3): 765-72
In vivo bioluminescence tumor imaging of RGD peptide-modified adenoviral vector encoding firefly luciferase reporter gene. Niu G, Xiong Z, Cheng Z, Cai W, Gambhir SS, Xing L, Chen X. Mol Imaging Biol. 2007 May-Jun; 9 (3): 126-34
Evaluation of a (99m)Tc-labeled cyclic RGD tetramer for noninvasive imaging integrin alpha(v)beta3-positive breast cancer. Liu S, Hsieh WY, Jiang Y, Kim YS, Sreerama SG, Chen X, Jia B, Wang F. Bioconjug Chem. 2007 Mar-Apr; 18 (2): 438-46
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR) Inhibitors as Anti-Angiogenic Agents in Cancer Therapy Veeravagu A, Hsu AR, Cai W, Hou LC, Tse VCK, Chen X. Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery. 2007; 2 (1): 59-71
Preparation and characterization of 99mTc(CO)3-BPy-RGD complex as alphav beta3 integrin receptor-targeted imaging agent. Zhang X, Chen X. Appl Radiat Isot. 2007; 65 (1): 70-8
Semiconductor Quantum Dots for In Vivo Imaging Li Z-B, Cai W, Chen X. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2007; 7 2567-2581
Integrin alpha(v)beta(3) antagonists for anti-angiogenic cancer treatment Hsu Ar, Veeravagu A, Cai W, Hou LC, Tse VCK, Chen X. Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery. 2007; 2 In press
Quantitative PET of EGFR expression in xenograft-bearing mice using 64Cu-labeled cetuximab, a chimeric anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody. Cai W, Chen K, He L, Cao Q, Koong A, Chen X. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007; 34 (6): 850-8
PET imaging of colorectal cancer in xenograft-bearing mice by use of an 18F-labeled T84.66 anti-carcinoembryonic antigen diabody. Cai W, Olafsen T, Zhang X, Cao Q, Gambhir SS, Williams LE, Wu AM, Chen X. J Nucl Med. 2007; 48 (2): 304-10
Multimodality molecular imaging of glioblastoma growth inhibition with vasculature-targeting fusion toxin VEGF121/rGel. Hsu AR, Cai W, Veeravagu A, Mohamedali KA, Chen K, Kim S, Vogel H, Hou LC, Tse V, Rosenblum MG, Chen X. J Nucl Med. 2007; 48 (3): 445-54
Multimodality imaging of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression Cai W, Chen X. Front Biosci. 2007; 12 4267-4279
Small-animal PET of melanocortin 1 receptor expression using a 18F-labeled alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analog. Cheng Z, Zhang L, Graves E, Xiong Z, Dandekar M, Chen X, Gambhir SS. J Nucl Med. 2007; 48 (6): 987-94
18F-labeled mini-PEG spacered RGD dimer (18F-FPRGD2): synthesis and microPET imaging of alphavbeta3 integrin expression. Wu Z, Li ZB, Cai W, He L, Chin FT, Li F, Chen X. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007; 34 (11): 1823-31
Multimodality imaging of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression. Cai W, Chen X. Front Biosci. 2007; 12 4267-79
Anticancer drug-phospholipid conjugate for enhancement of intracellular drug delivery Hwang T, Han HD, Song CK, Seong H, Kim JH, Chen X, Shin BC. Macromol Symp. 2007; 249-250 109-115
Are quantum dots ready for in vivo imaging in human subjects? Cai W, Hsu AR, Li Z-B, Chen X. Nanoscale Research Letters. 2007; 2 265-281
PET imaging of acute and chronic inflammation in living mice. Cao Q, Cai W, Li ZB, Chen K, He L, Li HC, Hui M, Chen X. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007; 34 (11): 1832-42
Anticancer drug-phospholipid conjugate for enhancement of intracellular drug delivery Hwang T, Han HD, Song CK, Seong H, Kim JH, Chen X, Shin BC. Macromol Symp. 2007; 249-250 109-115
(64)Cu-labeled tetrameric and octameric RGD peptides for small-animal PET of tumor alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expression. Li ZB, Cai W, Cao Q, Chen K, Wu Z, He L, Chen X. J Nucl Med. 2007; 48 (7): 1162-71
Semiconductor quantum dots for in vivo imaging. Li ZB, Cai W, Chen X. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2007; 7 (8): 2567-81
Quantitative radioimmunoPET imaging of EphA2 in tumor-bearing mice. Cai W, Ebrahimnejad A, Chen K, Cao Q, Li ZB, Tice DA, Chen X. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007; 34 (12): 2024-36
A new PET tracer specific for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Wang H, Cai W, Chen K, Li ZB, Kashefi A, He L, Chen X. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007; 34 (12): 2001-10
64Cu-Labeled triphenylphosphonium and triphenylarsonium cations as highly tumor-selective imaging agents. Wang J, Yang CT, Kim YS, Sreerama SG, Cao Q, Li ZB, He Z, Chen X, Liu S. J Med Chem. 2007; 50 (21): 5057-69
Dual-function probe for PET and near-infrared fluorescence imaging of tumor vasculature. Cai W, Chen K, Li ZB, Gambhir SS, Chen X. J Nucl Med. 2007; 48 (11): 1862-70
microPET of tumor integrin alphavbeta3 expression using 18F-labeled PEGylated tetrameric RGD peptide (18F-FPRGD4). Wu Z, Li ZB, Chen K, Cai W, He L, Chin FT, Li F, Chen X. J Nucl Med. 2007; 48 (9): 1536-44
Integrin alpha v beta 3 antagonists for anti-angiogenic cancer treatment. Hsu AR, Veeravagu A, Cai W, Hou LC, Tse V, Chen X. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov. 2007; 2 (2): 143-58
Vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors as anti-angiogenic agents in cancer therapy. Veeravagu A, Hsu AR, Cai W, Hou LC, Tse VC, Chen X. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov. 2007; 2 (1): 59-71
In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging of integrin alphavbeta3 in an orthotopic glioblastoma model. Hsu AR, Hou LC, Veeravagu A, Greve JM, Vogel H, Tse V, Chen X. Mol Imaging Biol. 2006 Nov-Dec; 8 (6): 315-23
Near-infrared fluorescent deoxyglucose analogue for tumor optical imaging in cell culture and living mice. Cheng Z, Levi J, Xiong Z, Gheysens O, Keren S, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Bioconjug Chem. 2006 May-Jun; 17 (3): 662-9
Near-infrared fluorescence imaging of tumor integrin alpha v beta 3 expression with Cy7-labeled RGD multimers. Wu Y, Cai W, Chen X. Mol Imaging Biol. 2006 Jul-Aug; 8 (4): 226-36
Longitudinal microPET imaging of brain tumor growth with F-18-labeled RGD peptide. Chen X, Park R, Khankaldyyan V, Gonzales-Gomez I, Tohme M, Moats RA, Bading JR, Laug WE, Conti PS. Mol Imaging Biol. 2006 Jan-Feb; 8 (1): 9-15
PET of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression. Cai W, Chen K, Mohamedali KA, Cao Q, Gambhir SS, Rosenblum MG, Chen X. J Nucl Med. 2006; 47 (12): 2048-56
MicroPET imaging of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor expression with 64Cu-labeled bombesin analogs in a mouse model of human prostate adenocarcinoma Yang Y-S, Zhang X, Xiong Z, Chen X. Nucl Med Biol. 2006; 33 (3): 371-380
Discovery of small molecule integrin alphavbeta3 antagonists as novel anticancer agents. Dayam R, Aiello F, Deng J, Wu Y, Garofalo A, Chen X, Neamati N. J Med Chem. 2006; 49 (15): 4526-34
Anti-angiogenic cancer therapy based on integrin alphavbeta3 antagonism. Cai W, Chen X. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2006; 6 (5): 407-28
Combination of integrin siRNA and irradiation for breast cancer therapy. Cao Q, Cai W, Li T, Yang Y, Chen K, Xing L, Chen X. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006; 351 (3): 726-32
A thiol-reactive 18F-labeling agent, N-[2-(4-18F-fluorobenzamido)ethyl]maleimide, and synthesis of RGD peptide-based tracer for PET imaging of alpha v beta 3 integrin expression. Cai W, Zhang X, Wu Y, Chen X. J Nucl Med. 2006; 47 (7): 1172-80
Quantitative PET imaging of tumor integrin alphavbeta3 expression with 18F-FRGD2. Zhang X, Xiong Z, Wu Y, Cai W, Tseng JR, Gambhir SS, Chen X. J Nucl Med. 2006; 47 (1): 113-21
18F-labeled bombesin analogs for targeting GRP receptor-expressing prostate cancer. Zhang X, Cai W, Cao F, Schreibmann E, Wu Y, Wu JC, Xing L, Chen X. J Nucl Med. 2006; 47 (3): 492-501
In vivo visualization of embryonic stem cell survival, proliferation, and migration after cardiac delivery. Cao F, Lin S, Xie X, Ray P, Patel M, Zhang X, Drukker M, Dylla SJ, Connolly AJ, Chen X, Weissman IL, Gambhir SS, Wu JC. Circulation. 2006; 113 (7): 1005-14
Imaging chemically modified adenovirus for targeting tumors expressing integrin alphavbeta3 in living mice with mutant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase PET reporter gene. Xiong Z, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Patel M, Wu JC, Gambhir SS, Chen X. J Nucl Med. 2006; 47 (1): 130-9
Near-infrared fluorescent RGD peptides for optical imaging of integrin alphavbeta3 expression in living mice. Cheng Z, Wu Y, Xiong Z, Gambhir SS, Chen X. Bioconjug Chem. 2005 Nov-Dec; 16 (6): 1433-41
Comparison of [14C]FMAU, [3H]FEAU, [14C]FIAU, and [3H]PCV for monitoring reporter gene expression of wild type and mutant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase in cell culture. Kang KW, Min JJ, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Mol Imaging Biol. 2005 Jul-Aug; 7 (4): 296-303
Synthesis of (4-[18F]fluorophenyl)triphenylphosphonium as a potential imaging agent for mitochondrial dysfunction. Cheng Z, Subbarayan M, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Journal of Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals. 2005; 48 (2): 131-137
Integrin alpha v beta 3-targeted imaging of lung cancer. Chen X, Sievers E, Hou Y, Park R, Tohme M, Bart R, Bremner R, Bading JR, Conti PS. Neoplasia. 2005; 7 (3): 271-9
Synthesis and biological evaluation of dimeric RGD peptide-paclitaxel conjugate as a model for integrin-targeted drug delivery. Chen X, Plasencia C, Hou Y, Neamati N. J Med Chem. 2005; 48 (4): 1098-106
Multimodality tumor imaging targeting integrin alpha(v)beta(3) Cai W, Gambhir SS, Chen X. Biotechniques. 2005; 39 (6): S6-S17
microPET imaging of glioma integrin {alpha}v{beta}3 expression using (64)Cu-labeled tetrameric RGD peptide. Wu Y, Zhang X, Xiong Z, Cheng Z, Fisher DR, Liu S, Gambhir SS, Chen X. J Nucl Med. 2005; 46 (10): 1707-18
MicroPET imaging of breast cancer alphav-integrin expression with 64Cu-labeled dimeric RGD peptides. Chen X, Liu S, Hou Y, Tohme M, Park R, Bading JR, Conti PS. Mol Imaging Biol. 2004 Sep-Oct; 6 (5): 350-9
MicroPET and autoradiographic imaging of breast cancer alpha v-integrin expression using 18F- and 64Cu-labeled RGD peptide. Chen X, Park R, Tohme M, Shahinian AH, Bading JR, Conti PS. Bioconjug Chem. 2004 Jan-Feb; 15 (1): 41-9
Pharmacokinetics and tumor retention of 125I-labeled RGD peptide are improved by PEGylation. Chen X, Park R, Shahinian AH, Bading JR, Conti PS. Nucl Med Biol. 2004; 31 (1): 11-9
18F-labeled RGD peptide: initial evaluation for imaging brain tumor angiogenesis. Chen X, Park R, Shahinian AH, Tohme M, Khankaldyyan V, Bozorgzadeh MH, Bading JR, Moats R, Laug WE, Conti PS. Nucl Med Biol. 2004; 31 (2): 179-89
MicroPET imaging of brain tumor angiogenesis with 18F-labeled PEGylated RGD peptide. Chen X, Park R, Hou Y, Khankaldyyan V, Gonzales-Gomez I, Tohme M, Bading JR, Laug WE, Conti PS. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004; 31 (8): 1081-9
microPET and autoradiographic imaging of GRP receptor expression with 64Cu-DOTA-[Lys3]bombesin in human prostate adenocarcinoma xenografts. Chen X, Park R, Hou Y, Tohme M, Shahinian AH, Bading JR, Conti PS. J Nucl Med. 2004; 45 (8): 1390-7
Micro-PET imaging of alphavbeta3-integrin expression with 18F-labeled dimeric RGD peptide. Chen X, Tohme M, Park R, Hou Y, Bading JR, Conti PS. Mol Imaging. 2004; 3 (2): 96-104
Unusual magnetic property associated with dimerization within a nickel tetramer. Ren X, Meng Q, Song Y, Hu C, Lu C, Chen X, Xue Z. Inorg Chem. 2002; 41 5931-5933
Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of [RbzPy] [Fe(mnt)2] complexes ([RbzPy]+ = 1-(4’-R-benzyl)pyridinium, R = NO2 and Cl; mnt2 = maleonitriledithiolate) Ren X, Meng Q, Song Y, Hu C, Lu C, Chen X, Xue Z. Transition Met Chem. 2002; 27 394-397
Unusual magnetic properties of one-dimensional moleule-based magnets associated with a structural phase transition Ren X, Meng Q, Song Y, Lu C, Hu C, Chen X. Inorg Chem. 2002; 41 5686-5692
Schiff base chemistry of the rhenium(V)-oxo core with “3+2” ligand donor sets Chen X, Femia FJ, Babich, JW, Zubieta J. Inorg Chim Acta. 2001; 316 33-40
Synthesis and structural characterization of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes with the bidentate ligands o-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde (P∩O) and o-[(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene]analine (P∩N) Chen X, Femia FJ, Babich, JW, Zubieta J. Inorg Chim Acta. 2001; 315 147-152
Synthesis, characterization and crystal structures of mono-, di- and trinuclear rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes with 2,3,5,6-tetra(2-pyridyl)pyrazine Chen X, Femia FJ, Babich, JW, Zubieta J. Inorg Chim Acta. 2001; 315 66-72
Spectroscopic and structural studies of complexes of the fac-[Re(N∩N)(CO)3L]n+ type (N∩N=2-(2-pyridyl)benzothiazole; L=Cl, Br, CF3SO3−, CH3CN) Chen X, Femia FJ, Babich, JW, Zubieta J. Inorg Chim Acta. 2001; 314 91-96
Rhenium(I) carbonyl complexes of 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPT). Rhenium (I)-promoted methoxylation of the triazine ring carbon atom in dinuclear rhenium complexes Chen X, Femia FJ, Babich, JW, Zubieta J. Inorg Chem. 2001; 40 2769-2777
Schiff base chemistry of the {ReO}3+ core: structural characterization of the unusual “3+2” complex [ReO(η3-OC6H4–CH=NC6H4-2-S)(η2-OC6H4C=NC6H4-2-S)] Chen X, Femia FJ, Babich, JW, Zubieta J. Inorg Chim Acta. 2000; 307 149-153
Synthesis and characterization of complexes of the {ReO}3+ core with SNS and S donor ligands Femia FJ, Chen X, Maresca KP, Shoup, TM, Babich, JW, Zubieta J. Inorg Chim Acta. 2000; 306 30-37
Investigations of the {ReO}3+ core: A “2+2” complex from bidentate and potentially trident ligands: [ReO(η2-HOC6H4-2-CH2NC6H4S)(η2-SC5H4N)(PPh3)] Chen X, Femia FJ, Babich, JW, Zubieta J. Inorg Chim Acta. 2000; 306 38-41
Syntheses and structural characterization of rhenium-bis-hydrazinopyrimidine core complexes with thiolate and Schiff base coligands Femia FJ, Chen X, Maresca KP, Babich, JW, Zubieta J. Inorg Chim Acta. 2000; 310 210-216
The syntheses and structures of “3+2” and “2+2+1” oxorhenium mixed-ligand complexes employing 8-hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline as the bidentate N,O donor ligand Chen X, Femia FJ, Babich, JW, Zubieta J. Inorg Chim Acta. 2000; 308 80-90
Oxorhenium(V) complexes containing tridentate Schiff-base and monothiol coligands Femia FJ, Chen X, Babich, JW, Zubieta J. Inorg Chim Acta. 2000; 300-302 517-524
Exploring oxorhenium “3+1” mixed-ligand complexes carrying the S-benzyl-3-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]dithiocarbazate [ONS]/monothiol [S] donor set: synthesis and characterization Chen X, Femia FJ, Babich, JW, Zubieta J. Inorg Chim Acta. 2000; 307 154-159
Synthesis and crystal and molecular structure of a tetranuclear cluster based on the rhenium(III)-bisorganohydrazino core: [Re(HNNC4H3N2)(NNC4H3N2)(OCH3)2]4 Femia FJ, Chen X, Maresca KP, Babich, JW, Zubieta J. Inorg Chim Acta. 2000; 307 160-163
Synthesis and characterization of oxorhenium(V)–“3+1” mixed thiolate [SNS]/[S] and [ONS]/[S] complexes. Crystal and molecular structures of [ReO(η3-SCH2C5H3NCH2S)(η1-C6H4Br-4-S)], [ReO(η3-SCH2C5H3NCH2O)(η1-C6H4X-4-S)] (X=Cl, OMe), [ReO(η3-SCH2C5H3NCH2O)(η1-C6H4OCH3-4-CH2S)] Chen X, Femia FJ, Babich, JW, Zubieta J. Inorg Chim Acta. 2000; 307 88-96
An unexpected “4+2” [N3S]/[NS] rhenium(IV) complex formed upon cleavage of a Re(V) imido bond Chen X, Femia FJ, Babich, JW, Zubieta J. Inorg Chim Acta. 2000; 310 237-241
Structural characterizations of an Re(IV) complex [ReCl4(OPPh3)2] and of an imino species [ReOCl2(PPh3)(2-OC6H4-2-CH=NH)] prepared from the reaction of [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] with salicylaldoxime Chen X, Femia FJ, Babich, JW, Zubieta J. Inorg Chim Acta. 2000; 306 112-115
Synthesis, structure, spectral and magnetic properties of a dinuclear copper(II)/nickel(II) complex bridged by glyoximate groups Zhan S, Hu C, Chen X, Meng Q, Lu C, Wang G, Zheng P. Polyhedron. 1999; 18 2035-2039
Synthesis, studies and molecular structure of trinuclear cyanide-bridged copper-iron complexes Zhan S, Chen X, Vij A, Guo D, Meng Q. Inorg Chim Acta. 1999; 292 157-162
Selective Extraction of Strontium by Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide Wai CM, Kulyako Y, Yak, H-K, Chen X, Lee S-J. Chem Commun (Cambridge). 1999; 2533-2534
Synthesizing and dispersing silver nanoparticles in a water-in-supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsion Ji M, Chen X, Wai CM, Fulton JL. J Am Chem Soc. 1999; 121 2631-2632
Monofunctionalization of calix[4]arene tetracarboxylic acid at the upper rim with isothiocyanate group: first bifunctional chelating agent for alpha-emitter Ac-225 Chen X, Ji M, Fisher DR, Wai CM. Synlett. 1999; 1784-1786
Ionizable calixarene-crown ethers with high selectivity for radium over lighter alkaline earth metal ions Chen X, Ji M, Fisher DR, Wai CM. Inorg Chem. 1999; 38 5449-5452
Chemical reactions in supercritical carbon dioxide Wai CM, Hunt F, Ji M, Chen X. J Chem Edu. 1998; 75 641-645
Carboxylate-derived calixarenes with high selectivity for actinium-225 Chen X, Ji M, Fisher DR, Wai CM. Chem Commun (Cambridge). 1998; 377-378
Synthesis, electrochemical and magnetic properties of Cu3 complexes of a series of new compartmental trinucleating ligands H4L Chen X, Zhan S, Hu C, Meng Q, Liu Y. J Chem Soc Dalton Trans. 1997; 245-250
Binickel(II) complex of a new asymmetrical acyclic ligand: the X-ray crystal structure of [Ni2L](ClO4)2 reveals alternating square-planar and octahedral nickel ions Chen X, Zhan S, Hu C, Meng Q, Shun J. Inorg Chim Acta. 1997; 260 95-98
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of Trinuclear Uranyl Complexes with Compartmental Ligands H4L Derived From 2,6-Dipicolinoyl-hydrazine and 4-Acyl-1-Phenyl-3-Methyl-Pyrazolones-5 (Where Acyl = Benzoyl, Acetyl, iso-Butyryl or iso-Valeroyl). Chen X, Zhan S, Meng Q. Transition Met Chem (London). 1996; 21 345-348
Synthesis and properties of cyano-bridged nickel(II)-iron(III) complexes. Zhan S, Chen X, Meng Q.. Transition Met Chem (London). 1996; 21 (2): 181-3
Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties of cyanide-bridged cobalt(III)/iron(II) complexes. Zhan S, Chen X, Meng Q, Xie W.. Syn React Inorg Met-Org Chem. 1996; 26 (2): 277-84
Kinetic study of nucleophilic substitution reactions of N-methylimidazole with hemin chloride. Chen X, Zhang X, Meng Q, Sweigart, DA. Wuji Huaxue Xuebao. 1995; 11 (2): 192-7