Audrey Shafer

Administrative Appointments

• Co-Director, Biomedical Ethics & Medical Humanities Scholarly Concentration , (2003– present )
• Faculty, Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics , (2003– present )
• Staff Anesthesiologist, VA Palo Alto HCS , (1989– present )

Honors and Awards

• Henry J. Kaiser Foundation Award - Outstanding & Innovative Contributions to Medical Education, Stanford University School of Medicine (2007)

Professional Education

• AB, Harvard University Biochemistry (1978)
• MD, Stanford University Medicine (1983)

Web Site Links

• Literature and Medicine

Research Interests

literature and medicine, humanistic aspects of medicine and anesthesia care, language and medicine, communication, medical humanities, ethics of anesthesia care, creative writing

Publications

• "It blew my mind": exploring the difficulties of anesthesia informed consent through narrative. Shafer A,  Anesthesiology.  2009; 110 (3): 445-6
• Feeding...being fed: poetry and commentary. Shafer A,  Bonner L, Reisman A, Bein S.  J Med Humanit.  2009; 30 (2): 135-41
• Bridging science and poetry: a commentary on Nan Cohen's "Rope Bridge" Shafer A,  Academic Medicine.  2007; 82 804-5
• I must tell you in a poem: poetry and commentary. Shafer A,  Maxwell B, Strauss R, Kopp VJ.  J Med Humanit.  2007; 28 (3): 173-80
• Always a surprise, even a wonder: poetry and commentary. Haddad A,  Pucciani D, Shapiro J, Shafer A.  J Med Humanit.  2007; 28 (2): 105-14
• Words and wards: a model of reflective writing and its uses in medical education. Shapiro J,  Kasman D, Shafer A.  J Med Humanit.  2006; 27 (4): 231-44
• Shafer A,  The Mailbox, Random House.  2006;
• Music, medicine, and the art of listening van Roessel P,  Shafer A.  J for Learning through the Arts.  2006; 2 (1): art 14
• Literature and medical interventions: an experiential course for undergraduates. Shafer A,  Borkovi T, Barr J.  Fam Med.  2005 Jul-Aug; 37 (7): 469-71
• Gender differences and performance in science. Muller CB,  Ride SM, Fouke J, Whitney T, Denton DD, Cantor N, Nelson DJ, Plummer J, Busch-Vishniac I, Meyers C, Rosser SV, Schiebinger L, Roberts E, Burgess D, Beeson C, Metz SS, Sanders L, Watford BA, Ivey ES, Frank Fox M, Wettack S, Klawe M, Wulf WA, Girgus J, Leboy PS, Babco EL, Shanahan B, Didion C, Chubin DE, Frize M, Ganter SL, Nalley EA, Franz J, Abruña HD, Strober MH, Zimmer Daniels J, Carter EA, Rhodes JH, Schrijver I, Zakian VA, Simons B, Martin U, Boaler J, Jolluck KR, Mankekar P, Gray RM, Conkey MW, Stansky P, Xie A, Martin P, Katehi LP, Miller JA, Tess Thornton A, Lapaugh A, Rhode DL, Gelpi BC, Harrold MJ, Spencer CM, Schlatter Ellis C, Lord S, Quinn H, Murnane M, Jones PP, Hellman F, Wight G, O'hara R, Pickering M, Sheppard S, Leith D, Paytan A, Sommer MH, Shafer A, Grusky D, Yennello S, Madan A, Johnson DL, Yanagisako S, Chou-Green JM, Robinson S.  Science.  2005; 307 (5712): 1043
• Survivor of that time, that place: clinical uses of violence survivors' narratives. Bhuvaneswar C,  Shafer A.  J Med Humanit.  2004; 25 (2): 109-27
• Reflections of a part-time physician Shafer A,  Academic Medicine.  2004; 79 357
• Stanford University School of Medicine, Arts and Humanities Medical Scholars Program. Shafer A,  Acad Med.  2003; 78 (10): 1059-60
• Researching medicine in context: the Arts and Humanities Medical Scholars Program Meites E,  Bein S, Shafer A..  BMJ-Medical Humanities.  2003; 29 104-08
• Shafer A,  Sleep Talker: Poems by a Doctor / Mother.  2001;
• Patient threats present an ethical dilemma for the anesthesiologist. Pollard JB,  Brook MW, Shafer A.  Anesth Analg.  2001; 93 (6): 1544-5, table of contents
• What our patients say. Shafer A,  Fam Med.  2001; 33 (2): 95-6
• Anesthesiologists and perioperative communication. Kopp VJ,  Shafer A.  Anesthesiology.  2000; 93 (2): 548-55
• Complications of sedation with midazolam in the intensive care unit and a comparison with other sedative regimens. Shafer A,  Crit Care Med.  1998; 26 (5): 947-56
• Medicine and the Arts: The River Styx Runs Upstream (Simmons) Shafer A.,  Strassberg A, Koenig B.  Academic Medicine.  1997; (72): 1082-3
• Preoperative anxiety and fear: a comparison of assessments by patients and anesthesia and surgery residents. Shafer A,  Fish MP, Gregg KM, Seavello J, Kosek P.  Anesth Analg.  1996; 83 (6): 1285-91
• Metaphor and anesthesia. Shafer A,  Anesthesiology.  1995; 83 (6): 1331-42
• A call for narrative: the patient's story and anesthesia training. Shafer A,  Fish MP.  Lit Med.  1994; 13 (1): 124-42
• Pharmacokinetic variability of midazolam infusions in critically ill patients. Shafer A,  Doze VA, White PF.  Crit Care Med.  1990; 18 (9): 1039-41
• Outpatient premedication: use of midazolam and opioid analgesics. Shafer A,  White PF, Urquhart ML, Doze VA.  Anesthesiology.  1989; 71 (4): 495-501
• Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol infusions during general anesthesia. Shafer A,  Doze VA, Shafer SL, White PF.  Anesthesiology.  1988; 69 (3): 348-56
• Propofol-nitrous oxide versus thiopental-isoflurane-nitrous oxide for general anesthesia. Doze VA,  Shafer A, White PF.  Anesthesiology.  1988; 69 (1): 63-71
• Comparison of alfentanil with fentanyl for outpatient anesthesia. White PF,  Coe V, Shafer A, Sung ML.  Anesthesiology.  1986; 64 (1): 99-106
• Comparative pharmacology of the ketamine isomers. Studies in volunteers. White PF,  Schüttler J, Shafer A, Stanski DR, Horai Y, Trevor AJ.  Br J Anaesth.  1985; 57 (2): 197-203
• Use of a fentanyl infusion in the intensive care unit: tolerance to its anesthetic effects? Shafer A,  White PF, Schüttler J, Rosenthal MH.  Anesthesiology.  1983; 59 (3): 245-8
• Gangliotetraosylceramide is a T cell differentiation antigen associated with natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Schwarting GA,  Summers A.  J Immunol.  1980; 124 (4): 1691-4
• The effect of dipyridamole on adenosine uptake by platelets ex vivo. Summers A,  Subbaraok, Rucinski B, Niewiarowski S.  Thromb Res.  1977; 11 (5): 611-8
• Formation of ganglioside internal esters by treatment with trichloroacetic acid-phosphotungstic acid reagent. Gross S,  Summers A, McCluer RH.  J Neurochem.  1977; 28 (5): 1133-6