Key Documents

NIH Biosketch available Online

Curriculum Vitae available Online

Ronald Levy, MD

Professor, Medicine - Oncology
Member, Bio-X
Member, Cancer Center

Contact Information

Clinical Offices

Lymphoma Clinic 875 Blake Wilbur Dr Clinic C Stanford, CA 94305-5820
Telephone Work (650) 498-6000 Fax (650) 725-9113
Academic Offices

Personal Information
Tel (650) 725-6423, (650) 725-6452

Administrative Contact
Deanne Daly Administrator Email dld@stanford.edu Tel Work 650-725-6423

Not for medical emergencies or patient use

Clinical Focus

Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Medical Oncology
Burkitt's Lymphoma
Burkitt's Lymphoma - Medical Oncology
Hodgkin's Disease
Hodgkin's Disease - Medical Oncology
Burkitt's Lymphoma - Hematology
Hodgkin's Disease - Hematology
Oncology
Oncology (Cancer)
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Hematology

Department

Cancer > Lymphoma

Honors and Awards

King Faisal International Prize, King Faisal Foundation (2009)
Member, National Academy of Sciences (2008)
di Villiers International Achievement Award, Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (2007)
Member, Institute of Medicine (2007)
Damashek Prize, American Society of Hematology (2004)
Jeffrey A. Gottlieb Memorial Award, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (2003)
Medal of Honor, American Cancer Society (2000)
C.Chester Stock Award, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (2000)
Charles Kettering Prize, General Motors Cancer Research Foundation (1999)
Karnofsky Award, American Society of Clinical Oncology (1999)

Professional Education

Board Certification: Oncology, American Board of Internal Medicine (1979)
Massachusetts General Hospital/Joslin Diabetes Center (1970) MA
Massachusetts General Hospital/Joslin Diabetes Center (1969) MA
Board Certification: Internal Medicine, American Board of Internal Medicine (1973)
SUMC - Graduate Medical Education (1973) CA
Stanford University School of Medicine (1968) CA
AB, Harvard University Biochemistry (1963)
MD, Stanford Univerisity Medicine (1968)

Postdoctoral Advisees

Stacey Adam, Matthew Gubens, Jerry Hsu, Itai Kela, Atul Kumar, Yulin Li, Neta Madar, Aurelien Marabelle, Patrick Ng, Yael Sagi, Bindu Varghese

Web Site Links

http://med.stanford.edu/labs/ronald_levy/

Industry Relationships

Stanford is committed to ethical and transparent interactions with our industry partners. It is our policy to disclose payments of $5,000 or more, equity valued at $5,000 or more in a publicly traded company, or any equity in a privately held company, to physicians and scientists employed by Stanford University from companies or other commercial entities with which they interact as part of their professional activities.

Consulting: CellGenesis, FivePrime, InNexus, Marcogenics, Nodality
Equity: CellGenesis, FivePrime, Nodality

Research Interests

Our research concentrates on the study of malignant lymphoma and tumors of the immune system using the tools of immunology and molecular biology to develop a better understanding of the initiation and progression of the malignant process. Receptor molecules present on the surface of tumor cells transmit signals for regulation of cell growth. These receptors include the immunoglobulin molecule on B cell tumors and the T cell receptor on T cell tumors. Questions the lab is currently addressing include:
1. Can a clue to the pathogenesis of lymphoma be derived from a study of their antigen receptors?
2. Can new treatments for lymphoma be developed by targeting receptors with monoclonal antibodies?
3. Can vaccines be developed which can induce an immune response in the host against the receptors on their own tumor?

Clinical Trials

Publications

Immunotransplantation preferentially expands T-effector cells over T-regulatory cells and cures large lymphoma tumors. Brody JD, Goldstein MJ, Czerwinski DK, Levy R. Blood. 2009; 113 (1): 85-94
T-cell modulation combined with intratumoral CpG cures lymphoma in a mouse model without the need for chemotherapy. Houot R, Levy R. Blood. 2009; 113 (15): 3546-52
Vaccines for lymphomas: idiotype vaccines and beyond. Houot R, Levy R. Blood Rev. 2009; 23 (3): 137-42
Tumor-specific recombinant idiotype immunisation after chemotherapy as initial treatment for follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Timmerman JM, Vose JM, Czerwinski DK, Weng WK, Ingolia D, Mayo M, Denney DW, Levy R. Leuk Lymphoma. 2009; 50 (1): 37-46
Genetic polymorphism of the inhibitory IgG Fc receptor FcgammaRIIb is not associated with clinical outcome in patients with follicular lymphoma treated with rituximab. Weng WK, Levy R. Leuk Lymphoma. 2009; 50 (5): 723-7
Idiotype vaccination for lymphoma: moving towards optimisation. Houot R, Levy R. Leuk Lymphoma. 2009; 50 (1): 1-2
A pluripotency signature predicts histologic transformation and influences survival in follicular lymphoma patients. Gentles AJ, Alizadeh AA, Lee SI, Myklebust JH, Shachaf CM, Shahbaba B, Levy R, Koller D, Plevritis SK. Blood. 2009; 114 (15): 3158-66
Follicular lymphoma B cells induce the conversion of conventional CD4+ T cells to T-regulatory cells. Ai WZ, Hou JZ, Zeiser R, Czerwinski D, Negrin RS, Levy R. Int J Cancer. 2009; 124 (1): 239-44
The transcription factor LMO2 is a robust marker of vascular endothelium and vascular neoplasms and selected other entities. Gratzinger D, Zhao S, West R, Rouse RV, Vogel H, Gil EC, Levy R, Lossos IS, Natkunam Y. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009; 131 (2): 264-78
LMO2 protein expression predicts survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy with and without rituximab. Natkunam Y, Farinha P, Hsi ED, Hans CP, Tibshirani R, Sehn LH, Connors JM, Gratzinger D, Rosado M, Zhao S, Pohlman B, Wongchaowart N, Bast M, Avigdor A, Schiby G, Nagler A, Byrne GE, Levy R, Gascoyne RD, Lossos IS. J Clin Oncol. 2008; 26 (3): 447-54
Expression of the human germinal center-associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein identifies a subset of classic Hodgkin lymphoma of germinal center derivation and improved survival. Natkunam Y, Hsi ED, Aoun P, Zhao S, Elson P, Pohlman B, Naushad H, Bast M, Levy R, Lossos IS. Blood. 2007; 109 (1): 298-305
The oncoprotein LMO2 is expressed in normal germinal-center B cells and in human B-cell lymphomas. Natkunam Y, Zhao S, Mason DY, Chen J, Taidi B, Jones M, Hammer AS, Hamilton Dutoit S, Lossos IS, Levy R. Blood. 2007; 109 (4): 1636-42
Humoral immune response and immunoglobulin G Fc receptor genotype are associated with better clinical outcome following idiotype vaccination in follicular lymphoma patients regardless of their response to induction chemotherapy. Weng WK, Czerwinski D, Levy R. Blood. 2007; 109 (3): 951-3
Cell-free production of scFv fusion proteins: an efficient approach for personalized lymphoma vaccines. Kanter G, Yang J, Voloshin A, Levy S, Swartz JR, Levy R. Blood. 2007; 109 (8): 3393-9
Expression of the RNA-binding protein VICKZ in normal hematopoietic tissues and neoplasms. Natkunam Y, Vainer G, Chen J, Zhao S, Marinelli RJ, Hammer AS, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Pikarsky E, Amir G, Levy R, Yisraeli JK, Lossos IS. Haematologica. 2007; 92 (2): 176-83
''Minor'' BCL2 breakpoints in follicular lymphoma: frequency and correlation with grade and disease presentation in 236 cases. Weinberg OK, Ai WZ, Mariappan MR, Shum C, Levy R, Arber DA. J Mol Diagn. 2007; 9 (4): 530-7
Lymphoma immunotherapy with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides requires TLR9 either in the host or in the tumor itself. Li J, Song W, Czerwinski DK, Varghese B, Uematsu S, Akira S, Krieg AM, Levy R. J Immunol. 2007; 179 (4): 2493-500
Therapeutic vaccination against murine lymphoma by intratumoral injection of recombinant fowlpox virus encoding CD40 ligand. Liu A, Guardino A, Chinsangaram L, Goldstein MJ, Panicali D, Levy R. Cancer Res. 2007; 67 (14): 7037-44
Altered B-cell receptor signaling kinetics distinguish human follicular lymphoma B cells from tumor-infiltrating nonmalignant B cells. Irish JM, Czerwinski DK, Nolan GP, Levy R. Blood. 2006; 108 (9): 3135-42
Production of myeloid dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with tumor-specific idiotype protein for vaccination of patients with multiple myeloma. Guardino AE, Rajapaksa R, Ong KH, Sheehan K, Levy R. Cytotherapy. 2006; 8 (3): 277-89
Kinetics of B cell receptor signaling in human B cell subsets mapped by phosphospecific flow cytometry. Irish JM, Czerwinski DK, Nolan GP, Levy R. J Immunol. 2006; 177 (3): 1581-9
Expression of the human germinal center-associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein, a new marker of germinal center B-cell derivation. Natkunam Y, Lossos IS, Taidi B, Zhao S, Lu X, Ding F, Hammer AS, Marafioti T, Byrne GE, Levy S, Warnke RA, Levy R. Blood. 2005; 105 (10): 3979-86
Therapeutic vaccination against murine lymphoma by intratumoral injection of naive dendritic cells. Song W, Levy R. Cancer Res. 2005; 65 (13): 5958-64
Rapid expression of vaccine proteins for B-cell lymphoma in a cell-free system. Yang J, Kanter G, Voloshin A, Michel-Reydellet N, Velkeen H, Levy R, Swartz JR. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2005; 89 (5): 503-11
Expression of active murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in an Escherichia coli cell-free system. Yang J, Kanter G, Voloshin A, Levy R, Swartz JR. Biotechnol Prog. 2004 Nov-Dec; 20 (6): 1689-96
Molecular rescue of tumour-specific T cell receptor idiotype from T cell lymphomas. Reddy SA, Levy R. Br J Haematol. 2004; 124 (5): 626-8
The radioisotope contributes significantly to the activity of radioimmunotherapy. Davis TA, Kaminski MS, Leonard JP, Hsu FJ, Wilkinson M, Zelenetz A, Wahl RL, Kroll S, Coleman M, Goris M, Levy R, Knox SJ. Clin Cancer Res. 2004; 10 (23): 7792-8
TCR vaccines against a murine T cell lymphoma: a primary role for antibodies of the IgG2c class in tumor protection. Lambert SL, Okada CY, Levy R. J Immunol. 2004; 172 (2): 929-36
Vaccines in lymphoma. Levy R, Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2004; 2 (7): 424, 427
Prediction of survival in diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma based on the expression of six genes. Lossos IS, Czerwinski DK, Alizadeh AA, Wechser MA, Tibshirani R, Botstein D, Levy R. N Engl J Med. 2004; 350 (18): 1828-37
Clinical outcome of lymphoma patients after idiotype vaccination is correlated with humoral immune response and immunoglobulin G Fc receptor genotype. Weng WK, Czerwinski D, Timmerman J, Hsu FJ, Levy R. J Clin Oncol. 2004; 22 (23): 4717-24
BCL6 gene translocation in follicular lymphoma: a harbinger of eventual transformation to diffuse aggressive lymphoma. Akasaka T, Lossos IS, Levy R. Blood. 2003; 102 (4): 1443-8
The BCL6 gene in B-cell lymphomas with 3q27 translocations is expressed mainly from the rearranged allele irrespective of the partner gene. Lossos IS, Akasaka T, Martinez-Climent JA, Siebert R, Levy R. Leukemia. 2003; 17 (7): 1390-7
Two immunoglobulin G fragment C receptor polymorphisms independently predict response to rituximab in patients with follicular lymphoma. Weng WK, Levy R. J Clin Oncol. 2003; 21 (21): 3940-7
HGAL is a novel interleukin-4-inducible gene that strongly predicts survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Lossos IS, Alizadeh AA, Rajapaksa R, Tibshirani R, Levy R. Blood. 2003; 101 (2): 433-40
Optimization of quantitative real-time RT-PCR parameters for the study of lymphoid malignancies. Levy R, Leukemia. 2003; 17 (4): 796-7
Analysis of FAS (CD95) gene mutations in higher-grade transformation of follicle center lymphoma. Do B, Lossos IS, Thorstenson Y, Oefner PJ, Levy R. Leuk Lymphoma. 2003; 44 (8): 1317-23
Antitumor immunity after vaccination with B lymphoma cells overexpressing a triad of costimulatory molecules. Briones J, Timmerman JM, Panicalli DL, Levy R. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003; 95 (7): 548-55
Optimization of quantitative real-time RT-PCR parameters for the study of lymphoid malignancies. Lossos IS, Czerwinski DK, Wechser MA, Levy R. Leukemia. 2003; 17 (4): 789-95
Variation in gene expression patterns in follicular lymphoma and the response to rituximab. Bohen SP, Troyanskaya OG, Alter O, Warnke R, Botstein D, Brown PO, Levy R. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100 (4): 1926-30
Apoptosis stimulating protein of p53 (ASPP2) expression differs in diffuse large B-cell and follicular center lymphoma: correlation with clinical outcome. Lossos IS, Natkunam Y, Levy R, Lopez CD. Leuk Lymphoma. 2002; 43 (12): 2309-17
Immunogenicity of a plasmid DNA vaccine encoding chimeric idiotype in patients with B-cell lymphoma. Timmerman JM, Singh G, Hermanson G, Hobart P, Czerwinski DK, Taidi B, Rajapaksa R, Caspar CB, Van Beckhoven A, Levy R. Cancer Res. 2002; 62 (20): 5845-52
BCL-6 mRNA expression in higher grade transformation of follicle center lymphoma: correlation with somatic mutations in the 5' regulatory region of the BCL-6 gene. Lossos IS, Warnke R, Levy R. Leukemia. 2002; 16 (9): 1857-62
Mutation of the ATM gene is not involved in the pathogenesis of either follicle center lymphoma or its transformation to higher-grade lymphoma. Lossos IS, Thorstenson YR, Wayne TL, Oefner PJ, Levy R, Chu G. Leuk Lymphoma. 2002; 43 (5): 1079-85
Transformation of follicular lymphoma to diffuse large-cell lymphoma: alternative patterns with increased or decreased expression of c-myc and its regulated genes. Lossos IS, Alizadeh AA, Diehn M, Warnke R, Thorstenson Y, Oefner PJ, Brown PO, Botstein D, Levy R. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002; 99 (13): 8886-91
In vivo antitumor effect of CD40L-transduced tumor cells as a vaccine for B-cell lymphoma. Briones J, Timmerman J, Levy R. Cancer Res. 2002; 62 (11): 3195-9
Idiotype-pulsed dendritic cell vaccination for B-cell lymphoma: clinical and immune responses in 35 patients. Timmerman JM, Czerwinski DK, Davis TA, Hsu FJ, Benike C, Hao ZM, Taidi B, Rajapaksa R, Caspar CB, Okada CY, van Beckhoven A, Liles TM, Engleman EG, Levy R. Blood. 2002; 99 (5): 1517-26
Rapid establishment of dendritic cell chimerism in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Auffermann-Gretzinger S, Lossos IS, Vayntrub TA, Leong W, Grumet FC, Blume KG, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Levy R, Shizuru JA. Blood. 2002; 99 (4): 1442-8
BLyS and BLyS receptor expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Briones J, Timmerman JM, Hilbert DM, Levy R. Exp Hematol. 2002; 30 (2): 135-41
A polymorphism in the BCL-6 gene is associated with follicle center lymphoma. Lossos IS, Jones CD, Zehnder JL, Levy R. Leuk Lymphoma. 2001 Nov-Dec; 42 (6): 1343-50
Idiotype vaccination following ABMT can stimulate specific anti-idiotype immune responses in patients with B-cell lymphoma. Davis TA, Hsu FJ, Caspar CB, van Beckhoven A, Czerwinsk DK, Liles TM, Taidi B, Benike CJ, Engleman EG, Levy R. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2001; 7 (9): 517-22
T cell antigen receptor vaccines for active therapy of T cell malignancies. Reddy SA, Okada C, Wong C, Bahler D, Levy R. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001; 941 97-105
Idiotype-encoding recombinant adenoviruses provide protective immunity against murine B-cell lymphomas. Timmerman JM, Caspar CB, Lambert SL, Syrengelas AD, Levy R. Blood. 2001; 97 (5): 1370-7
Expression of complement inhibitors CD46, CD55, and CD59 on tumor cells does not predict clinical outcome after rituximab treatment in follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Weng WK, Levy R. Blood. 2001; 98 (5): 1352-7
Expression of a single gene, BCL-6, strongly predicts survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Lossos IS, Jones CD, Warnke R, Natkunam Y, Kaizer H, Zehnder JL, Tibshirani R, Levy R. Blood. 2001; 98 (4): 945-51
The history of the development of vaccines for the treatment of lymphoma. Timmerman JM, Levy R. Clin Lymphoma. 2000; 1 (2): 129-39; discussion 140
'Gene shaving' as a method for identifying distinct sets of genes with similar expression patterns. Hastie T, Tibshirani R, Eisen MB, Alizadeh A, Levy R, Staudt L, Chan WC, Botstein D, Brown P. Genome Biol. 2000; 1 (2): RESEARCH0003
A perspective on monoclonal antibody therapy: where we have been and where we are going. Levy R, Semin Hematol. 2000; 37 (4 Suppl 7): 43-6
Idiotype vaccination using dendritic cells after autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Liso A, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Auffermann-Gretzinger S, Benike CJ, Reichardt V, van Beckhoven A, Rajapaksa R, Engleman EG, Blume KG, Levy R. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2000; 6 (6): 621-7
The inference of antigen selection on Ig genes. Lossos IS, Tibshirani R, Narasimhan B, Levy R. J Immunol. 2000; 165 (9): 5122-6
Rituximab anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: safety and efficacy of re-treatment. Davis TA, Grillo-López AJ, White CA, McLaughlin P, Czuczman MS, Link BK, Maloney DG, Weaver RL, Rosenberg J, Levy R. J Clin Oncol. 2000; 18 (17): 3135-43
Ongoing immunoglobulin somatic mutation in germinal center B cell-like but not in activated B cell-like diffuse large cell lymphomas. Lossos IS, Alizadeh AA, Eisen MB, Chan WC, Brown PO, Botstein D, Staudt LM, Levy R. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000; 97 (18): 10209-13
Higher-grade transformation of follicle center lymphoma is associated with somatic mutation of the 5' noncoding regulatory region of the BCL-6 gene. Lossos IS, Levy R. Blood. 2000; 96 (2): 635-9
Recombinant adenovirus vaccine encoding a chimeric T-cell antigen receptor induces protective immunity against a T-cell lymphoma. Wong CP, Levy R. Cancer Res. 2000; 60 (10): 2689-95
Linkage of foreign carrier protein to a self-tumor antigen enhances the immunogenicity of a pulsed dendritic cell vaccine. Timmerman JM, Levy R. J Immunol. 2000; 164 (9): 4797-803
Molecular analysis of immunoglobulin genes in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Lossos IS, Okada CY, Tibshirani R, Warnke R, Vose JM, Greiner TC, Levy R. Blood. 2000; 95 (5): 1797-803
Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Alizadeh AA, Eisen MB, Davis RE, Ma C, Lossos IS, Rosenwald A, Boldrick JC, Sabet H, Tran T, Yu X, Powell JI, Yang L, Marti GE, Moore T, Hudson J, Lu L, Lewis DB, Tibshirani R, Sherlock G, Chan WC, Greiner TC, Weisenburger DD, Armitage JO, Warnke R, Levy R, Wilson W, Grever MR, Byrd JC, Botstein D, Brown PO, Staudt LM. Nature. 2000; 403 (6769): 503-11
Mutation analysis of the 5' noncoding regulatory region of the BCL-6 gene in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: evidence for recurrent mutations and intraclonal heterogeneity. Lossos IS, Levy R. Blood. 2000; 95 (4): 1400-5
Karnofsky Lecture: immunotherapy of lymphoma. Levy R, J Clin Oncol. 1999; 17 (11 Suppl): 7-12
Single-agent monoclonal antibody efficacy in bulky non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of a phase II trial of rituximab. Davis TA, White CA, Grillo-López AJ, Velásquez WS, Link B, Maloney DG, Dillman RO, Williams ME, Mohrbacher A, Weaver R, Dowden S, Levy R. J Clin Oncol. 1999; 17 (6): 1851-7
1999 keystone symposium on B lymphocyte biology and disease: B cell malignancy II session. Levy R, Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999; 1424 (2-3): R43-4
DNA vaccination against the idiotype of a murine B cell lymphoma: mechanism of tumor protection. Syrengelas AD, Levy R. J Immunol. 1999; 162 (8): 4790-5
Idiotype vaccination using dendritic cells after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma--a feasibility study. Reichardt VL, Okada CY, Liso A, Benike CJ, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Engleman EG, Blume KG, Levy R. Blood. 1999; 93 (7): 2411-9
TCR vaccines against T cell lymphoma: QS-21 and IL-12 adjuvants induce a protective CD8+ T cell response. Wong CP, Okada CY, Levy R. J Immunol. 1999; 162 (4): 2251-8
Dendritic cell vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Timmerman JM, Levy R. Annu Rev Med. 1999; 50 507-29
Stereotactic radiosurgery of angiographically occult vascular malformations: 14-year experience. Chang SD, Levy RP, Adler JR, Martin DP, Krakovitz PR, Steinberg GK. Neurosurgery. 1998; 43 (2): 213-20; discussion 220-1
Pathological changes in surgically resected angiographically occult vascular malformations after radiation. Gewirtz RJ, Steinberg GK, Crowley R, Levy RP. Neurosurgery. 1998; 42 (4): 738-42; discussion 742-3
Anti-idiotype antibodies can induce long-term complete remissions in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma without eradicating the malignant clone. Davis TA, Maloney DG, Czerwinski DK, Liles TM, Levy R. Blood. 1998; 92 (4): 1184-90
Rationale for adjuvant idiotypic vaccination after high-dose therapy for multiple myeloma. Reichardt VL, Okada CY, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Bogen B, Levy R. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 1997; 3 (3): 157-63
Tumor-specific idiotype vaccines in the treatment of patients with B-cell lymphoma--long-term results of a clinical trial. Hsu FJ, Caspar CB, Czerwinski D, Kwak LW, Liles TM, Syrengelas A, Taidi-Laskowski B, Levy R. Blood. 1997; 89 (9): 3129-35
IDEC-C2B8 (Rituximab) anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in patients with relapsed low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Maloney DG, Grillo-López AJ, White CA, Bodkin D, Schilder RJ, Neidhart JA, Janakiraman N, Foon KA, Liles TM, Dallaire BK, Wey K, Royston I, Davis T, Levy R. Blood. 1997; 90 (6): 2188-95
IDEC-C2B8: results of a phase I multiple-dose trial in patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Maloney DG, Grillo-López AJ, Bodkin DJ, White CA, Liles TM, Royston I, Varns C, Rosenberg J, Levy R. J Clin Oncol. 1997; 15 (10): 3266-74
Idiotype vaccines for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma induce polyclonal immune responses that cover mutated tumor idiotypes: comparison of different vaccine formulations. Caspar CB, Levy S, Levy R. Blood. 1997; 90 (9): 3699-706
TCR vaccines for active immunotherapy of T cell malignancies. Okada CY, Wong CP, Denney DW, Levy R. J Immunol. 1997; 159 (11): 5516-27
Yttrium-90-labeled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy of recurrent B-cell lymphoma. Knox SJ, Goris ML, Trisler K, Negrin R, Davis T, Liles TM, Grillo-López A, Chinn P, Varns C, Ning SC, Fowler S, Deb N, Becker M, Marquez C, Levy R. Clin Cancer Res. 1996; 2 (3): 457-70
A nine-amino acid peptide from IL-1beta augments antitumor immune responses induced by protein and DNA vaccines. Hakim I, Levy S, Levy R. J Immunol. 1996; 157 (12): 5503-11
DNA immunization induces protective immunity against B-cell lymphoma. Syrengelas AD, Chen TT, Levy R. Nat Med. 1996; 2 (9): 1038-41
Tumor-specific, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response after idiotype vaccination for B-cell, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Nelson EL, Li X, Hsu FJ, Kwak LW, Levy R, Clayberger C, Krensky AM. Blood. 1996; 88 (2): 580-9
Surgical resection of large incompletely treated intracranial arteriovenous malformations following stereotactic radiosurgery. Steinberg GK, Chang SD, Levy RP, Marks MP, Frankel K, Marcellus M. J Neurosurg. 1996; 84 (6): 920-8
Treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with chimeric anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody. Knox S, Hoppe RT, Maloney D, Gibbs I, Fowler S, Marquez C, Cornbleet PJ, Levy R. Blood. 1996; 87 (3): 893-9
Vaccination of patients with B-cell lymphoma using autologous antigen-pulsed dendritic cells. Hsu FJ, Benike C, Fagnoni F, Liles TM, Czerwinski D, Taidi B, Engleman EG, Levy R. Nat Med. 1996; 2 (1): 52-8
B-lymphoma cells are activated by peptide ligands of the antigen binding receptor or by anti-idiotypic antibody to induce extracellular acidification. Renschler MF, Wada HG, Fok KS, Levy R. Cancer Res. 1995; 55 (23): 5642-7
Induction of autoantibody responses to GM-CSF by hyperimmunization with an Id-GM-CSF fusion protein. Chen TT, Levy R. J Immunol. 1995; 154 (7): 3105-17
Preferential use of the VH4 Ig gene family by diffuse large-cell lymphoma. Hsu FJ, Levy R. Blood. 1995; 86 (8): 3072-82
Synthetic peptide ligands of the antigen binding receptor induce programmed cell death in a human B-cell lymphoma. Renschler MF, Bhatt RR, Dower WJ, Levy R. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994; 91 (9): 3623-7
Phase I clinical trial using escalating single-dose infusion of chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (IDEC-C2B8) in patients with recurrent B-cell lymphoma. Maloney DG, Liles TM, Czerwinski DK, Waldichuk C, Rosenberg J, Grillo-Lopez A, Levy R. Blood. 1994; 84 (8): 2457-66
Idiotype-cytokine fusion proteins as cancer vaccines. Relative efficacy of IL-2, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Chen TT, Tao MH, Levy R. J Immunol. 1994; 153 (10): 4775-87
Lymphoma regression induced by monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies correlates with their ability to induce Ig signal transduction and is not prevented by tumor expression of high levels of bcl-2 protein. Vuist WM, Levy R, Maloney DG. Blood. 1994; 83 (4): 899-906
Endovascular treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations following radiosurgery. Marks MP, Lane B, Steinberg GK, Fabrikant JI, Levy RP, Frankel KA, Phillips MH. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1993 Mar-Apr; 14 (2): 297-303; discussion 304-5
Idiotype/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor fusion protein as a vaccine for B-cell lymphoma. Tao MH, Levy R. Nature. 1993; 362 (6422): 755-8
Clinical trials of idiotype-specific vaccine in B-cell lymphomas. Hsu FJ, Kwak L, Campbell M, Liles T, Czerwinski D, Hart S, Syrengelas A, Miller R, Levy R. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993; 690 385-7
Evaluation of the Coulter STKS five-part differential. Cornbleet PJ, Myrick D, Levy R. Am J Clin Pathol. 1993; 99 (1): 72-81
Monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody therapy of B-cell lymphoma: the addition of a short course of chemotherapy does not interfere with the antitumor effect nor prevent the emergence of idiotype-negative variant cells. Maloney DG, Brown S, Czerwinski DK, Liles TM, Hart SM, Miller RA, Levy R. Blood. 1992; 80 (6): 1502-10
Antigen selection in human lymphomagenesis. Bahler DW, Zelenetz AD, Chen TT, Levy R. Cancer Res. 1992; 52 (19 Suppl): 5547s-5551s
Induction of immune responses in patients with B-cell lymphoma against the surface-immunoglobulin idiotype expressed by their tumors. Kwak LW, Campbell MJ, Czerwinski DK, Hart S, Miller RA, Levy R. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327 (17): 1209-15
Evaluation of the CELL-DYN 3000 differential. Cornbleet PJ, Myrick D, Judkins S, Levy R. Am J Clin Pathol. 1992; 98 (6): 603-14
Diversity of T-cell antigen receptor variable genes used by mycosis fungoides cells. Bahler DW, Berry G, Oksenberg J, Warnke RA, Levy R. Am J Pathol. 1992; 140 (1): 1-8
Clonal evolution of a follicular lymphoma: evidence for antigen selection. Bahler DW, Levy R. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992; 89 (15): 6770-4
Interleukin 3 is a growth factor for human follicular B cell lymphoma. Clayberger C, Luna-Fineman S, Lee JE, Pillai A, Campbell M, Levy R, Krensky AM. J Exp Med. 1992; 175 (2): 371-6
Use of family specific leader region primers for PCR amplification of the human heavy chain variable region gene repertoire. Campbell MJ, Zelenetz AD, Levy S, Levy R. Mol Immunol. 1992; 29 (2): 193-203
Tumor resistance induced by syngeneic bone marrow transplantation and enhanced by interleukin 2: a model for the graft versus leukemia reaction. Kwak LW, Campbell MJ, Levy R. Cancer Res. 1992; 52 (15): 4117-20
An epitope on the transferrin receptor preferentially exposed during tumor progression in human lymphoma is close to the ligand binding site. Takahashi S, Esserman L, Levy R. Blood. 1991; 77 (4): 826-32
Enhanced detection of the t(14;18) translocation in malignant lymphoma using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Zelenetz AD, Chu G, Galili N, Bangs CD, Horning SJ, Donlon TA, Cleary ML, Levy R. Blood. 1991; 78 (6): 1552-60
Ig VH gene expression among human follicular lymphomas. Bahler DW, Campbell MJ, Hart S, Miller RA, Levy S, Levy R. Blood. 1991; 78 (6): 1561-8
Transfer of specific immunity to B-cell lymphoma with syngeneic bone marrow in mice: a strategy for using autologous marrow as an anti-tumor therapy. Kwak LW, Campbell MJ, Zelenetz AD, Levy R. Blood. 1991; 78 (10): 2768-72
An experimental compartmental flow model for assessing the hemodynamic response of intracranial arteriovenous malformations to stereotactic radiosurgery. Lo EH, Fabrikant JI, Levy RP, Phillips MH, Frankel KA, Alpen EL. Neurosurgery. 1991; 28 (2): 251-9
Idiotype vaccination post-bone marrow transplantation for B-cell lymphoma: initial studies in a murine model. Kwak LW, Campbell M, Levy R. Cancer Detect Prev. 1991; 15 (4): 323-5
Histologic transformation of follicular lymphoma to diffuse lymphoma represents tumor progression by a single malignant B cell. Zelenetz AD, Chen TT, Levy R. J Exp Med. 1991; 173 (1): 197-207
Observations on the effect of chimeric anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody in patients with mycosis fungoides. Knox SJ, Levy R, Hodgkinson S, Bell R, Brown S, Wood GS, Hoppe R, Abel EA, Steinman L, Berger RG. Blood. 1991; 77 (1): 20-30
Combined syngeneic bone marrow transplantation and immunotherapy of a murine B-cell lymphoma: active immunization with tumor-derived idiotypic immunoglobulin. Kwak LW, Campbell MJ, Zelenetz AD, Levy R. Blood. 1990; 76 (11): 2411-7
TAPA-1, the target of an antiproliferative antibody, is associated on the cell surface with the Leu-13 antigen. Takahashi S, Doss C, Levy S, Levy R. J Immunol. 1990; 145 (7): 2207-13
Determinants of the antitumor effect of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. Knox SJ, Levy R, Miller RA, Uhland W, Schiele J, Ruehl W, Finston R, Day-Lollini P, Goris ML. Cancer Res. 1990; 50 (16): 4935-40
Idiotype vaccination against murine B cell lymphoma. Humoral and cellular requirements for the full expression of antitumor immunity. Campbell MJ, Esserman L, Byars NE, Allison AC, Levy R. J Immunol. 1990; 145 (3): 1029-36
Therapy of lymphoma directed at idiotypes. Levy R, Miller RA. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1990; (10): 61-8
Stereotactic heavy-charged-particle Bragg-peak radiation for intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Steinberg GK, Fabrikant JI, Marks MP, Levy RP, Frankel KA, Phillips MH, Shuer LM, Silverberg GD. N Engl J Med. 1990; 323 (2): 96-101
Idiotypic variation in a human B lymphoma cell line. Berinstein N, Campbell MJ, Lam K, Carswell C, Levy S, Levy R. J Immunol. 1990; 144 (2): 752-8
Induction of proliferation of human follicular (B type) lymphoma cells by cognate interaction with CD4+ T cell clones. Umetsu DT, Esserman L, Donlon TA, DeKruyff RH, Levy R. J Immunol. 1990; 144 (7): 2550-7
Directional cloning of cDNA using a selectable SfiI cassette. Zelenetz AD, Levy R. Gene. 1990; 89 (1): 123-7
TAPA-1, the target of an antiproliferative antibody, defines a new family of transmembrane proteins. Oren R, Takahashi S, Doss C, Levy R, Levy S. Mol Cell Biol. 1990; 10 (8): 4007-15
Antiidiotype antibody therapy of B-cell lymphoma. Brown SL, Miller RA, Levy R. Semin Oncol. 1989; 16 (3): 199-210
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for self tumor immunoglobulin express T cell receptor delta chain. Wright A, Lee JE, Link MP, Smith SD, Carroll W, Levy R, Clayberger C, Krensky AM. J Exp Med. 1989; 169 (5): 1557-64
Activation of an excluded immunoglobulin allele in a human B lymphoma cell line. Berinstein N, Levy S, Levy R. Science. 1989; 244 (4902): 337-9
Prevalence of antigen receptor variants in human T cell lines and tumors. Maecker HT, Levy R. J Immunol. 1989; 142 (4): 1395-404
Treatment of B-cell lymphomas with anti-idiotype antibodies alone and in combination with alpha interferon. Brown SL, Miller RA, Horning SJ, Czerwinski D, Hart SM, McElderry R, Basham T, Warnke RA, Merigan TC, Levy R. Blood. 1989; 73 (3): 651-61
Development of a new therapeutic approach to B cell malignancy. The induction of immunity by the host against cell surface receptor on the tumor. Campbell MJ, Esserman L, Byars NE, Allison AC, Levy R. Int Rev Immunol. 1989; 4 (4): 251-70
An epitope of the transferrin receptor is exposed on the cell surface of high-grade but not low-grade human lymphomas. Esserman L, Takahashi S, Rojas V, Warnke R, Levy R. Blood. 1989; 74 (8): 2718-29
DNA fragmentation and cell death mediated by T cell antigen receptor/CD3 complex on a leukemia T cell line. Takahashi S, Maecker HT, Levy R. Eur J Immunol. 1989; 19 (10): 1911-9
Functional immunoglobulin light chain genes are replaced by ongoing rearrangements of germline V kappa genes to downstream J kappa segment in a murine B cell line. Levy S, Campbell MJ, Levy R. J Exp Med. 1989; 170 (1): 1-13
Spontaneous T cell antigen receptor variants of a human T leukemia cell line. Maecker HT, Levy R. J Immunol. 1988; 141 (9): 2994-3002
Alternative V kappa gene rearrangements in a murine B cell lymphoma. An explantation for idiotypic heterogeneity. Carroll WL, Starnes CO, Levy R, Levy S. J Exp Med. 1988; 168 (5): 1607-20
Immunotherapy of established murine B cell lymphoma. Combination of idiotype immunization and cyclophosphamide. Campbell MJ, Esserman L, Levy R. J Immunol. 1988; 141 (9): 3227-33
Synergistic antitumor activity with IFN and monoclonal anti-idiotype for murine B cell lymphoma. Mechanism of action. Basham TY, Race ER, Campbell MJ, Reid TR, Levy R, Merigan TC. J Immunol. 1988; 141 (8): 2855-60
Mutational hot spots in Ig V region genes of human follicular lymphomas. Levy S, Mendel E, Kon S, Avnur Z, Levy R. J Exp Med. 1988; 168 (2): 475-89
Comparison of combinations of interferons with tumor specific and nonspecific monoclonal antibodies as therapy for murine B- and T-cell lymphomas. Basham TY, Palladino MA, Badger CC, Bernstein ID, Levy R, Merigan TC. Cancer Res. 1988; 48 (15): 4196-200
Heterogeneity of a murine B cell lymphoma. Isolation and characterization of idiotypic variants. Starnes CO, Carroll WL, Campbell MJ, Houston LL, Apell G, Levy R. J Immunol. 1988; 141 (1): 333-9
Single cell origin of bigenotypic and biphenotypic B cell proliferations in human follicular lymphomas. Cleary ML, Galili N, Trela M, Levy R, Sklar J. J Exp Med. 1988; 167 (2): 582-97
Idiotype as a tumor-specific marker in childhood B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Carroll WL, Link MP, Cleary ML, Bologna S, Carswell C, Amylon MD, Smith SD, Levy R. Blood. 1988; 71 (4): 1068-73
Specific enhancement of the therapeutic effect of anti-idiotype antibodies on a murine B cell lymphoma by IL-2. Berinstein N, Starnes CO, Levy R. J Immunol. 1988; 140 (8): 2839-45
Antibody-directed targeting of liposomes to human cell lines: role of binding and internalization on growth inhibition. Berinstein N, Matthay KK, Papahadjopoulos D, Levy R, Sikic BI. Cancer Res. 1987; 47 (22): 5954-9
Idiotype vaccination against murine B cell lymphoma. Humoral and cellular responses elicited by tumor-derived immunoglobulin M and its molecular subunits. Campbell MJ, Carroll W, Kon S, Thielemans K, Rothbard JB, Levy S, Levy R. J Immunol. 1987; 139 (8): 2825-33
Anti-idiotype antibodies reveal the existence of somatic mutation in human B cell lymphoma. Levy R, Levy S, Brown SL, Kon S, Carroll W. Monogr Allergy. 1987; 22 194-203