Martin Brown

Administrative Appointments

• Director, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology , (1984– 2004 )
• Director, Graduate Program in Cancer Biology , (1990– 2002 )

Honors and Awards

• Henry S. Kaplan Distinguished Scientist Award, International Association for Radiation Research (2007)
• Weiss Medal, Association for Radiation Research (2001)
• Gold Medal, Americal Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (1999)
• Bruce Cain Memorial Award, American Association for Cancer Research (1999)

Professional Education

• B.Sc, Birmingham University Physics (1963)
• M.Sc, London University Radiation biology and physics (1965)
• Ph.D, Oxford University Cancer Biology (1968)

Graduate & Fellowship Program Affiliations

• Cancer Biology
• Comparative Medicine
• Radiation Oncology

Web Site Links

• Brown Lab Web Site

Industry Relationships

Stanford is committed to ethical and transparent interactions with our industry partners. It is our policy to disclose payments of $5,000 or more, equity valued at $5,000 or more in a publicly traded company, or any equity in a privately held company, to physicians and scientists employed by Stanford University from companies or other commercial entities with which they interact as part of their professional activities. 

• Consulting: Proacta Therapeutics
• Equity: Proacta Therapeutics

Research Interests

We seek to understand the mechanisms responsible for the resistance of solid tumors to cancer therapies and to develop strategies to overcome these resistances. Projects include:

1) Exploitation of tumor hypoxia: Hypoxic cells, characteristic of solid tumors, are resistant to killing by ionizing radiation and by many anticancer drugs. We have developed a drug (tirapazamine or TPZ) activated by low oxygen levels to a toxic species that is selective for solid tumors and is undergoing clinical testing. In addition we have an active program to understand the mechanism and clinical utility of a new hypoxia activated bifunctional mustard, PR-104, a drug that produces DNA interstrand crosslinks and which has entered clinical trials.

2) Identification by HTS of small molecule inhibitors of DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR). This DNA repair pathway is crucial to the repair of the cytotoxic lesions caused by many anticancer agents, such as bifunctional alkylating agents and topoisomerase poisons. Many clinical situations exist whereby inhibiting HR will give a therapeutic gain.

3) Development of anaerobic bacteria as tumor specific gene therapy agents: Certain nonpathogenic Clostridial species proliferate exclusively in the hypoxic/necrotic regions of solid tumors. We have developed shuttle vectors that express an enzyme capable of activating a non-toxic prodrug into a toxic drug in these bacteria and have shown that this enzyme is expressed exclusively in solid tumors. We are currently developing this system as a tumor specific gene therapy system.

4) We are investigating the role of bone marrow derived cells in restoring the tumor vasculature after radiotherapy (which destroys local angiogenesis). This process is known as vasculogenesis. In particular we seek to improve tumor cure rates by radiotherapy by inhibiting the repair of the tumor vasculature in GBM and head and neck tumors by bone marrow derived cells following radiation to the tumors.

Publications

• Optimized clostridium-directed enzyme prodrug therapy improves the antitumor activity of the novel DNA cross-linking agent PR-104. Liu SC,  Ahn GO, Kioi M, Dorie MJ, Patterson AV, Brown JM.  Cancer Res.  2008; 68 (19): 7995-8003
• Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is required for tumor vasculogenesis but not for angiogenesis: role of bone marrow-derived myelomonocytic cells. Ahn GO,  Brown JM.  Cancer Cell.  2008; 13 (3): 193-205
• Homologous recombination is the principal pathway for the repair of DNA damage induced by tirapazamine in mammalian cells. Evans JW,  Chernikova SB, Kachnic LA, Banath JP, Sordet O, Delahoussaye YM, Treszezamsky A, Chon BH, Feng Z, Gu Y, Wilson WR, Pommier Y, Olive PL, Powell SN, Brown JM.  Cancer Res.  2008; 68 (1): 257-65
• Global analysis of gene function in yeast by quantitative phenotypic profiling. Brown JA,  Sherlock G, Myers CL, Burrows NM, Deng C, Wu HI, McCann KE, Troyanskaya OG, Brown JM.  Mol Syst Biol.  2006; 2 2006.0001
• The role of apoptosis in cancer development and treatment response. Brown JM,  Attardi LD.  Nat Rev Cancer.  2005; 5 (3): 231-7
• Exploiting tumour hypoxia in cancer treatment. Brown JM,  Wilson WR.  Nat Rev Cancer.  2004; 4 (6): 437-47
• Influence of bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells on the tumor response to radiotherapy: experimental models and clinical perspectives. Ahn GO,  Brown JM.  Cell Cycle.  2009; 8 (7): 970-6
• DNA cross-links in human tumor cells exposed to the prodrug PR-104A: relationships to hypoxia, bioreductive metabolism, and cytotoxicity. Singleton RS,  Guise CP, Ferry DM, Pullen SM, Dorie MJ, Brown JM, Patterson AV, Wilson WR.  Cancer Res.  2009; 69 (9): 3884-91
• Role of endothelial progenitors and other bone marrow-derived cells in the development of the tumor vasculature. Ahn GO,  Brown JM.  Angiogenesis.  2009; 12 (2): 159-64
• Association of reactive oxygen species levels and radioresistance in cancer stem cells. Diehn M,  Cho RW, Lobo NA, Kalisky T, Dorie MJ, Kulp AN, Qian D, Lam JS, Ailles LE, Wong M, Joshua B, Kaplan MJ, Wapnir I, Dirbas FM, Somlo G, Garberoglio C, Paz B, Shen J, Lau SK, Quake SR, Brown JM, Weissman IL, Clarke MF.  Nature.  2009; 458 (7239): 780-3
• In vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of lactate in patients with stage IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Le QT,  Koong A, Lieskovsky YY, Narasimhan B, Graves E, Pinto H, Brown JM, Spielman D.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  2008; 71 (4): 1151-7
• High-dose single-fraction radiotherapy: exploiting a new biology? Brown JM,  Koong AC.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  2008; 71 (2): 324-5
• A role for Lsmlp in response to ultraviolet-radiation damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Spicakova T,  McCann K, Brown JM.  Radiat Res.  2008; 170 (4): 411-21
• Tumor hypoxia in cancer therapy. Brown JM,  Methods Enzymol.  2007; 435 297-321
• Identification of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways that confer resistance to endoplasmic reticulum stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Chen Y,  Feldman DE, Deng C, Brown JA, De Giacomo AF, Gaw AF, Shi G, Le QT, Brown JM, Koong AC.  Mol Cancer Res.  2005; 3 (12): 669-77
• A noninvasive approach for assessing tumor hypoxia in xenografts: developing a urinary marker for hypoxia. Nelson DW,  Cao H, Zhu Y, Sunar-Reeder B, Choi CY, Faix JD, Brown JM, Koong AC, Giaccia AJ, Le QT.  Cancer Res.  2005; 65 (14): 6151-8
• Multiple endonucleases function to repair covalent topoisomerase I complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deng C,  Brown JA, You D, Brown JM.  Genetics.  2005; 170 (2): 591-600
• Genome-wide identification of genes conferring resistance to the anticancer agents cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and mitomycin C. Wu HI,  Brown JA, Dorie MJ, Lazzeroni L, Brown JM.  Cancer Res.  2004; 64 (11): 3940-8
• Apoptosis genes and resistance to cancer therapy: what does the experimental and clinical data tell us? Brown JM,  Wilson G.  Cancer Biol Ther.  2003 Sep-Oct; 2 (5): 477-90
• Evaluation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) as an intrinsic marker of tumor hypoxia in U87 MG human glioblastoma: in vitro and xenograft studies. Vordermark D,  Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  2003; 56 (4): 1184-93
• Comment on "Tumor response to radiotherapy regulated by endothelial cell apoptosis" (II). Brown M,  Bristow R, Glazer P, Hill R, McBride W, McKenna G, Muschel R.  Science.  2003; 302 (5652): 1894; author reply 1894
• Improved potency of the hypoxic cytotoxin tirapazamine by DNA-targeting. Delahoussaye YM,  Hay MP, Pruijn FB, Denny WA, Brown JM.  Biochem Pharmacol.  2003; 65 (11): 1807-15
• Comparison of the comet assay and the oxygen microelectrode for measuring tumor oxygenation in head-and-neck cancer patients. Le QT,  Kovacs MS, Dorie MJ, Koong A, Terris DJ, Pinto HA, Goffinet DR, Nowels K, Bloch D, Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  2003; 56 (2): 375-83
• Similar radiation sensitivities of acutely and chronically hypoxic cells in HT 1080 fibrosarcoma xenografts. Vordermark D,  Menke DR, Brown JM.  Radiat Res.  2003; 159 (1): 94-101
• Tumor microenvironment and the response to anticancer therapy. Brown JM,  Cancer Biol Ther.  2002 Sep-Oct; 1 (5): 453-8
• Hypoxia-inducible regulation of a prodrug-activating enzyme for tumor-specific gene therapy. Shibata T,  Giaccia AJ, Brown JM.  Neoplasia.  2002 Jan-Feb; 4 (1): 40-8
• Anticancer efficacy of systemically delivered anaerobic bacteria as gene therapy vectors targeting tumor hypoxia/necrosis. Liu SC,  Minton NP, Giaccia AJ, Brown JM.  Gene Ther.  2002; 9 (4): 291-6
• The 93rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research. 6-10 April 2002, San Francisco, California, USA. Brown JM,  Siemann DW.  Expert Opin Pharmacother.  2002; 3 (5): 629-32
• Transcriptional response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to DNA-damaging agents does not identify the genes that protect against these agents. Birrell GW,  Brown JA, Wu HI, Giaever G, Chu AM, Davis RW, Brown JM.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  2002; 99 (13): 8778-83
• Estimating DNA repair by sequential evaluation of head and neck tumor radiation sensitivity using the comet assay. Terris DJ,  Ho EY, Ibrahim HZ, Dorie MJ, Kovacs MS, Le QT, Koong AC, Pinto HA, Brown JM.  Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.  2002; 128 (6): 698-702
• Tirapazamine: a hypoxia-activated topoisomerase II poison. Peters KB,  Brown JM.  Cancer Res.  2002; 62 (18): 5248-53
• Preferential expression of a mutant allele of the amplified MDR1 (ABCB1) gene in drug-resistant variants of a human sarcoma. Chen GK,  Lacayo NJ, Durán GE, Wang Y, Bangs CD, Rea S, Kovacs M, Cherry AM, Brown JM, Sikic BI.  Genes Chromosomes Cancer.  2002; 34 (4): 372-83
• Green fluorescent protein is a suitable reporter of tumor hypoxia despite an oxygen requirement for chromophore formation. Vordermark D,  Shibata T, Brown JM.  Neoplasia.  2001 Nov-Dec; 3 (6): 527-34
• Apoptosis: mediator or mode of cell killing by anticancer agents? Brown JM,  Wouters BG.  Drug Resist Updat.  2001; 4 (2): 135-6
• Metabolism of tirapazamine by multiple reductases in the nucleus. Delahoussaye YM,  Evans JW, Brown JM.  Biochem Pharmacol.  2001; 62 (9): 1201-9
• A genome-wide screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for genes affecting UV radiation sensitivity. Birrell GW,  Giaever G, Chu AM, Davis RW, Brown JM.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  2001; 98 (22): 12608-13
• Inhibition of DNA replication by tirapazamine. Peters KB,  Wang H, Brown JM, Iliakis G.  Cancer Res.  2001; 61 (14): 5425-31
• Therapeutic targets in radiotherapy. Brown JM,  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  2001; 49 (2): 319-26
• An investigation of the molecular basis for the synergistic interaction of tirapazamine and cisplatin. Goldberg Z,  Evans J, Birrell G, Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  2001; 49 (1): 175-82
• In vivo 1H MR spectroscopy of human head and neck lymph node metastasis and comparison with oxygen tension measurements. Star-Lack JM,  Adalsteinsson E, Adam MF, Terris DJ, Pinto HA, Brown JM, Spielman DM.  AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.  2000; 21 (1): 183-93
• Hypoxic cytotoxic agents: a new approach to cancer chemotherapy. Brown JM,  Drug Resist Updat.  2000; 3 (1): 7-13
• An early oxygen-dependent step is required for dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of immature mouse thymocytes. Torres-Roca JF,  Tung JW, Greenwald DR, Brown JM, Herzenberg LA, Herzenberg LA, Katsikis PD.  J Immunol.  2000; 165 (9): 4822-30
• Exploiting the hypoxic cancer cell: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Brown JM,  Mol Med Today.  2000; 6 (4): 157-62
• Development of a hypoxia-responsive vector for tumor-specific gene therapy. Shibata T,  Giaccia AJ, Brown JM.  Gene Ther.  2000; 7 (6): 493-8
• Pancreatic tumors show high levels of hypoxia. Koong AC,  Mehta VK, Le QT, Fisher GA, Terris DJ, Brown JM, Bastidas AJ, Vierra M.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  2000; 48 (4): 919-22
• DNA damage measured by the comet assay in head and neck cancer patients treated with tirapazamine. Dorie MJ,  Kovacs MS, Gabalski EC, Adam M, Le QT, Bloch DA, Pinto HA, Terris DJ, Brown JM.  Neoplasia.  1999; 1 (5): 461-7
• The hypoxic cell: a target for selective cancer therapy--eighteenth Bruce F. Cain Memorial Award lecture. Brown JM,  Cancer Res.  1999; 59 (23): 5863-70
• A p53 and apoptotic independent role for p21waf1 in tumour response to radiation therapy. Wouters BG,  Denko NC, Giaccia AJ, Brown JM.  Oncogene.  1999; 18 (47): 6540-5
• Tirapazamine: a new drug producing tumor specific enhancement of platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. Wouters BG,  Wang LH, Brown JM.  Ann Oncol.  1999; 10 Suppl 5 S29-33
• Oxygen tension measurements of tumors growing in mice. Adam MF,  Dorie MJ, Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1999; 45 (1): 171-80
• Comparison of the effectiveness of tirapazamine and carbogen with nicotinamide in enhancing the response of a human tumor xenograft to fractionated irradiation. el-Said A,  Menke D, Dorie MJ, Brown JM.  Radiat Oncol Investig.  1999; 7 (3): 163-9
• Cisplatin anti-tumour potentiation by tirapazamine results from a hypoxia-dependent cellular sensitization to cisplatin. Kovacs MS,  Hocking DJ, Evans JW, Siim BG, Wouters BG, Brown JM.  Br J Cancer.  1999; 80 (8): 1245-51
• Apoptosis, p53, and tumor cell sensitivity to anticancer agents. Brown JM,  Wouters BG.  Cancer Res.  1999; 59 (7): 1391-9
• Tissue oxygen distribution in head and neck cancer patients. Adam MF,  Gabalski EC, Bloch DA, Oehlert JW, Brown JM, Elsaid AA, Pinto HA, Terris DJ.  Head Neck.  1999; 21 (2): 146-53
• Managed care, consolidation among health care providers, and health care: evidence from mammography. Baker LC,  Brown ML.  Rand J Econ.  1999; 30 (2): 351-74
• Pretreatment and midtreatment measurement of oxygen tension levels in head and neck cancers. Gabalski EC,  Adam M, Pinto H, Brown JM, Bloch DA, Terris DJ.  Laryngoscope.  1998; 108 (12): 1856-60
• The unique physiology of solid tumors: opportunities (and problems) for cancer therapy. Brown JM,  Giaccia AJ.  Cancer Res.  1998; 58 (7): 1408-16
• Tirapazamine is metabolized to its DNA-damaging radical by intranuclear enzymes. Evans JW,  Yudoh K, Delahoussaye YM, Brown JM.  Cancer Res.  1998; 58 (10): 2098-101
• Exploiting tumour hypoxia and overcoming mutant p53 with tirapazamine. Brown JM,  Br J Cancer.  1998; 77 Suppl 4 12-4
• Tirapazamine: laboratory data relevant to clinical activity. Brown JM,  Wang LH.  Anticancer Drug Des.  1998; 13 (6): 529-39
• Loss of p21Waf1/Cip1 sensitizes tumors to radiation by an apoptosis-independent mechanism. Wouters BG,  Giaccia AJ, Denko NC, Brown JM.  Cancer Res.  1997; 57 (21): 4703-6
• Adaptation of human tumor cells to tirapazamine under aerobic conditions: implications of increased antioxidant enzyme activity to mechanism of aerobic cytotoxicity. Elwell JH,  Siim BG, Evans JW, Brown JM.  Biochem Pharmacol.  1997; 54 (2): 249-57
• Modification of the antitumor activity of chemotherapeutic drugs by the hypoxic cytotoxic agent tirapazamine. Dorie MJ,  Brown JM.  Cancer Chemother Pharmacol.  1997; 39 (4): 361-6
• Stable translocations detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization: a rapid surrogate end point to evaluate the efficacy of a potentiator of tumor response to radiotherapy. Kovacs MS,  Yudoh K, Evans JW, Menke D, Brown JM.  Cancer Res.  1997; 57 (4): 672-7
• Baroreflex dysfunction after nasopharyngectomy and bilateral carotid isolation. Lee HT,  Brown J, Fee WE.  Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.  1997; 123 (4): 434-7
• Cells at intermediate oxygen levels can be more important than the "hypoxic fraction" in determining tumor response to fractionated radiotherapy. Wouters BG,  Brown JM.  Radiat Res.  1997; 147 (5): 541-50
• Tirapazamine-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in transplanted tumors: relationship to tumor hypoxia. Siim BG,  Menke DR, Dorie MJ, Brown JM.  Cancer Res.  1997; 57 (14): 2922-8
• NCI's anticancer drug screening program may not be selecting for clinically active compounds. Brown JM,  Oncol Res.  1997; 9 (5): 213-5
• Anaerobic bacteria as a gene delivery system that is controlled by the tumor microenvironment. Lemmon MJ,  van Zijl P, Fox ME, Mauchline ML, Giaccia AJ, Minton NP, Brown JM.  Gene Ther.  1997; 4 (8): 791-6
• The DNA damage response in DNA-dependent protein kinase-deficient SCID mouse cells: replication protein A hyperphosphorylation and p53 induction. Fried LM,  Koumenis C, Peterson SR, Green SL, van Zijl P, Allalunis-Turner J, Chen DJ, Fishel R, Giaccia AJ, Brown JM, Kirchgessner CU.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  1996; 93 (24): 13825-30
• Induction and repair of chromosome aberrations in scid cells measured by premature chromosome condensation. Evans JW,  Liu XF, Kirchgessner CU, Brown JM.  Radiat Res.  1996; 145 (1): 39-46
• Anaerobic bacteria as a delivery system for cancer gene therapy: in vitro activation of 5-fluorocytosine by genetically engineered clostridia. Fox ME,  Lemmon MJ, Mauchline ML, Davis TO, Giaccia AJ, Minton NP, Brown JM.  Gene Ther.  1996; 3 (2): 173-8
• Tirapazamine-induced DNA damage measured using the comet assay correlates with cytotoxicity towards hypoxic tumour cells in vitro. Siim BG,  van Zijl PL, Brown JM.  Br J Cancer.  1996; 73 (8): 952-60
• Hypoxia-Specific Cytotoxins in Cancer Therapy. Brown JM,  Siim BG.  Semin Radiat Oncol.  1996; 6 (1): 22-36
• DNA-dependent kinase (p350) as a candidate gene for the murine SCID defect. Kirchgessner CU,  Patil CK, Evans JW, Cuomo CA, Fried LM, Carter T, Oettinger MA, Brown JM.  Science.  1995; 267 (5201): 1178-83
• Radiation-induced damage, repair and exchange formation in different chromosomes of human fibroblasts determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Kovacs MS,  Evans JW, Johnstone IM, Brown JM.  Radiat Res.  1994; 137 (1): 34-43
• Comparison of the enhancement of tumor responses to fractionated irradiation by SR 4233 (tirapazamine) and by nicotinamide with carbogen. Dorie MJ,  Menke D, Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1994; 28 (1): 145-50
• Increased cytotoxicity of chronic hypoxic cells by molecular inhibition of GRP78 induction. Koong AC,  Chen EY, Lee AS, Brown JM, Giaccia AJ.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1994; 28 (3): 661-6
• Reoxygenation and rehypoxiation in the SCCVII mouse tumor. Kim IH,  Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1994; 29 (3): 493-7
• Quantification of two-dimensional NOE spectra via a combined linear and nonlinear least-squares fit. Brown JW,  Huestis WH.  J Biomol NMR.  1994; 4 (5): 645-52
• Discrepancies between measured changes of radiobiological hypoxic fraction and oxygen tension monitoring using two assay systems. Sasai K,  Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1994; 30 (2): 355-61
• Prediction of human cell radiosensitivity: comparison of clonogenic assay with chromosome aberrations scored using premature chromosome condensation with fluorescence in situ hybridization. Sasai K,  Evans JW, Kovacs MS, Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1994; 30 (5): 1127-32
• Tumour hypoxia: the picture has changed in the 1990s. Brown JM,  Giaccia AJ.  Int J Radiat Biol.  1994; 65 (1): 95-102
• Tumor-specific, schedule-dependent interaction between tirapazamine (SR 4233) and cisplatin. Dorie MJ,  Brown JM.  Cancer Res.  1993; 53 (19): 4633-6
• Complementation of the radiosensitive phenotype in severe combined immunodeficient mice by human chromosome 8. Kirchgessner CU,  Tosto LM, Biedermann KA, Kovacs M, Araujo D, Stanbridge EJ, Brown JM.  Cancer Res.  1993; 53 (24): 6011-6
• Visualization of nonreciprocal chromosome exchanges in irradiated human fibroblasts by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Brown JM,  Kovacs MS.  Radiat Res.  1993; 136 (1): 71-6
• The influence of irradiation of the tumor bed on tumor hypoxia: measurements by radiation response, oxygen electrodes, and nitroimidazole binding. Kim IH,  Lemmon MJ, Brown JM.  Radiat Res.  1993; 135 (3): 411-7
• Chromosomal radiosensitivity at intrachromosomal telomeric sites. Alvarez L,  Evans JW, Wilks R, Lucas JN, Brown JM, Giaccia AJ.  Genes Chromosomes Cancer.  1993; 8 (1): 8-14
• Mechanism of chromosome exchange formation in human fibroblasts: insights from "chromosome painting". Brown JM,  Evans JW, Kovacs MS.  Environ Mol Mutagen.  1993; 22 (4): 218-24
• Characterization of the DNA double strand break repair defect in scid mice. Chang C,  Biedermann KA, Mezzina M, Brown JM.  Cancer Res.  1993; 53 (6): 1244-8
• Lack of differential radiosensitization of hypoxic cells in a mouse tumor at low radiation doses per fraction by cisplatin. Sun JR,  Brown JM.  Radiat Res.  1993; 133 (2): 252-6
• Metabolism of the bioreductive cytotoxin SR 4233 by tumour cells: enzymatic studies. Wang J,  Biedermann KA, Wolf CR, Brown JM.  Br J Cancer.  1993; 67 (2): 321-5
• Toxicology of daily administration to mice of the radiation potentiator SR 4233 (WIN 59075). Spiegel JF,  Spear MA, Brown JM.  Radiother Oncol.  1993; 26 (1): 79-81
• SR 4233 (tirapazamine): a new anticancer drug exploiting hypoxia in solid tumours. Brown JM,  Br J Cancer.  1993; 67 (6): 1163-70
• Differential expression of protein kinase C epsilon protein in lung cancer cell lines by ionising radiation. Kim CY,  Giaccia AJ, Strulovici B, Brown JM.  Br J Cancer.  1992; 66 (5): 844-9
• Enhancement of the cytotoxicity of SR 4233 to normal and malignant tissues by hypoxic breathing. Minchinton AI,  Brown JM.  Br J Cancer.  1992; 66 (6): 1053-8
• Repair of DNA and chromosome breaks in cells exposed to SR 4233 under hypoxia or to ionizing radiation. Wang J,  Biedermann KA, Brown JM.  Cancer Res.  1992; 52 (16): 4473-7
• The use of asymmetric-field inversion gel electrophoresis to predict tumor cell radiosensitivity. Giaccia AJ,  Schwartz J, Shieh J, Brown JM.  Radiother Oncol.  1992; 24 (4): 231-8
• Carbogen and nicotinamide: expectations too high? Brown JM,  Radiother Oncol.  1992; 24 (2): 75-6
• Activation of the heat shock transcription factor by hypoxia in normal and tumor cell lines in vivo and in vitro. Giaccia AJ,  Auger EA, Koong A, Terris DJ, Minchinton AI, Hahn GM, Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1992; 23 (4): 891-7
• What role do glutathione S-transferases play in the cellular response to ionizing radiation? Cholon A,  Giaccia AJ, Lewis AD, Hickson I, Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1992; 22 (4): 759-63
• Second-generation 1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxide bioreductive anti-tumor agents: pharmacology and activity in vitro and in vivo. Minchinton AI,  Lemmon MJ, Tracy M, Pollart DJ, Martinez AP, Tosto LM, Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1992; 22 (4): 701-5
• Characterization of a CHO cell line resistant to killing by the hypoxic cell cytotoxin SR 4233. Giaccia AJ,  Biedermann KA, Tosto LM, Minchinton AI, Kovacs MS, Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1992; 22 (4): 681-4
• Pharmacological modification of tumor blood flow: lack of correlation between alteration of mean arterial blood pressure and changes in tumor perfusion. Stone HB,  Minchinton AI, Lemmon M, Menke D, Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1992; 22 (1): 79-86
• The prediction of human tumor radiosensitivity in situ: an approach using chromosome aberrations detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Brown JM,  Evans J, Kovacs MS.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1992; 24 (2): 279-86
• The frequency of translocations after treatment for Hodgkin's disease. Smith LM,  Evans JW, Mori M, Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1992; 24 (4): 737-42
• Fluorescence in situ hybridization: an improved method of quantitating chromosome damage and repair. Brown JM,  Evans JW.  BJR Suppl.  1992; 24 61-4
• Improving the effectiveness of the bioreductive antitumor agent SR 4233 by induced hypoxia. Minchinton AI,  Brown JM.  Adv Exp Med Biol.  1992; 317 177-81
• Computerized histographic oxygen tension measurements of murine tumors. Terris DJ,  Minchinton AI, Dunphy EP, Brown JM.  Adv Exp Med Biol.  1992; 317 153-9
• Targeting bioreductive drugs to tumours: is it necessary to manipulate blood flow? Brown JM,  Int J Radiat Biol.  1991 Jul-Aug; 60 (1-2): 231-6
• SR 4233: a tumor specific radiosensitizer active in fractionated radiation regimes. Brown JM,  Lemmon MJ.  Radiother Oncol.  1991; 20 Suppl 1 151-6
• The biodistribution of 111In-anti-bFGF in a variety of tumors. Correlation with cell-binding assays. Knox SJ,  Brown JM, McGann J, Sutherland W, Goris ML, Herblin WF, Gross JL.  Ann N Y Acad Sci.  1991; 638 497-502
• Aerobic radiosensitization by SR 4233 in rodent and human cells: mechanistic and therapeutic implications. Zeman EM,  Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Biol.  1991; 59 (1): 117-31
• Hydralazine does not increase hypoxia in tumors growing in preirradiated tissue. Lemmon MJ,  Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1991; 21 (6): 1435-40
• The hypersensitivity of the Chinese hamster ovary variant BL-10 to bleomycin killing is due to a lack of glutathione S-transferase-alpha activity. Giaccia AJ,  Lewis AD, Denko NC, Cholon A, Evans JW, Waldren CA, Stamato TD, Brown JM.  Cancer Res.  1991; 51 (16): 4463-9
• Biochemical evidence for two different mechanisms for bleomycin-induced cell killing. Giaccia AJ,  Shieh J, Cholon A, Brown JM.  Mutat Res.  1991; 263 (2): 69-75
• The use of fluorescence in situ hybridisation combined with premature chromosome condensation for the identification of chromosome damage. Evans JW,  Chang JA, Giaccia AJ, Pinkel D, Brown JM.  Br J Cancer.  1991; 63 (4): 517-21
• SR 4233 cytotoxicity and metabolism in DNA repair-competent and repair-deficient cell cultures. Biedermann KA,  Wang J, Graham RP, Brown JM.  Br J Cancer.  1991; 63 (3): 358-62
• Tumor hypoxia can be exploited to preferentially sensitize tumors to fractionated irradiation. Brown JM,  Lemmon MJ.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1991; 20 (3): 457-61
• Structure-activity relationships for tumour radiosensitization by analogues of nicotinamide and benzamide. Brown JM,  Lemmon MJ, Horsman MR, Lee WW.  Int J Radiat Biol.  1991; 59 (3): 739-48
• scid mutation in mice confers hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation and a deficiency in DNA double-strand break repair. Biedermann KA,  Sun JR, Giaccia AJ, Tosto LM, Brown JM.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  1991; 88 (4): 1394-7
• Therapeutic advantage of hypoxic cells in tumors: a theoretical study. Brown JM,  Koong A.  J Natl Cancer Inst.  1991; 83 (3): 178-85
• Potentiation by the hypoxic cytotoxin SR 4233 of cell killing produced by fractionated irradiation of mouse tumors. Brown JM,  Lemmon MJ.  Cancer Res.  1990; 50 (24): 7745-9
• Use of fluorescent in situ hybridization to detect chromosomal rearrangements in somatic cell hybrids. Giaccia AJ,  Evans JW, Brown JM.  Genes Chromosomes Cancer.  1990; 2 (3): 248-51
• Aerobic radiosensitization by SR 4233 in vitro and in vivo. Zeman EM,  Lemmon MJ, Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1990; 18 (1): 125-32
• Tumor hypoxia, drug resistance, and metastases. Brown JM,  J Natl Cancer Inst.  1990; 82 (5): 338-9
• The potentiation of radiation damage by nicotinamide in the SCCVII tumour in vivo. Horsman MR,  Wood PJ, Chaplin DJ, Brown JM, Overgaard J.  Radiother Oncol.  1990; 18 (1): 49-57
• Comparison between X-rays and SR 4233 for cytotoxicity and repair of potentially lethal damage in human cells. Biedermann KA,  Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Biol.  1989; 56 (5): 813-6
• Enhancement of the antitumor effect of flavone acetic acid by the bioreductive cytotoxic drug SR 4233 in a murine carcinoma. Sun JR,  Brown JM.  Cancer Res.  1989; 49 (20): 5664-70
• In vitro hepatotoxicity of SR 4233 (3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1,4-dioxide), a hypoxic cytotoxin and potential antitumor agent. Costa AK,  Baker MA, Brown JM, Trudell JR.  Cancer Res.  1989; 49 (4): 925-9
• Tumor radiosensitization by nicotinamide: a result of improved perfusion and oxygenation. Horsman MR,  Chaplin DJ, Brown JM.  Radiat Res.  1989; 118 (1): 139-50
• Keynote address: hypoxic cell radiosensitizers: where next? Brown JM,  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1989; 16 (4): 987-93
• Pre- and post-irradiation radiosensitization by SR 4233. Zeman EM,  Brown JM.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1989; 16 (4): 967-71
• Structure-activity relationships for benzotriazine di-N-oxides. Zeman EM,  Baker MA, Lemmon MJ, Pearson CI, Adams JA, Brown JM, Lee WW, Tracy M.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1989; 16 (4): 977-81
• Misonidazole chemosensitization of EMT6 spheroids to melphalan. Horsman MR,  Wood PJ, Brown JM.  Radiother Oncol.  1989; 15 (1): 103-14
• Metabolism of SR 4233 by Chinese hamster ovary cells: basis of selective hypoxic cytotoxicity. Baker MA,  Zeman EM, Hirst VK, Brown JM.  Cancer Res.  1988; 48 (21): 5947-52
• Elevation of intracellular glutathione levels following depletion and its relationship to protection against radiation and alkylating agents. Taylor YC,  Brown JM.  Pharmacol Ther.  1988; 39 (1-3): 293-9
• Radiosensitization, thiol oxidation, and inhibition of DNA repair by SR 4077. Baker MA,  Taylor YC, Brown JM.  Radiat Res.  1988; 113 (2): 346-55
• Chemical modification of radiation and chemotherapy. Brown JM,  Hall EJ, Hirst DG, Kinsella TJ, Kligerman MM, Mitchell JB, Travis EJ, Valeriote F.  Am J Clin Oncol.  1988; 11 (3): 288-303
• Enhancement of radiation-induced tumor cell killing by the hypoxic cell toxin SR 4233. Zeman EM,  Hirst VK, Lemmon MJ, Brown JM.  Radiother Oncol.  1988; 12 (3): 209-18
• Mechanism of action of the selective tumor radiosensitizer nicotinamide. Horsman MR,  Brown JM, Hirst VK, Lemmon MJ, Wood PJ, Dunphy EP, Overgaard J.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.  1988; 15 (3): 685-90
• Radiosensitization in multifraction schedules. II. Greater sensitization by 2-nitroimidazoles than by oxygen. Taylor YC,  Brown JM.  Radiat Res.  1987; 112 (1): 134-45
• Radiosensitization in multifraction schedules. I. Evidence for an extremely low oxygen enhancement ratio. Taylor YC,  Brown JM.  Radiat Res.  1987; 112 (1): 124-33