Key Documents

Lucy Shapiro

Professor, Developmental Biology
Senior Fellow (By courtesy), Spogli Inst for Intrntl Studies
Member, Bio-X

Contact Information

Clinical Offices
Academic Offices

Personal Information
Email shapiro@stanford.edu Tel (650) 725-7657, (650) 725-7678

Administrative Contact
Tara Trim Administrative Assistant Email ttrim@stanford.edu Tel Work 650-725-7657

Administrative Appointments

Director, Beckman Center for Molecular & Gentic Medicine , (2004– present )

Honors and Awards

Waksman Award, NAS; Gairdner Award; John SCott Award, NAS (2005)
Waksman Award Gairdner Award Jon Scott Award Jog Scott Award, NAS 2005 (2005)

Industry Relationships

Stanford is committed to ethical and transparent interactions with our industry partners. It is our policy to disclose payments of $5,000 or more, equity valued at $5,000 or more in a publicly traded company, or any equity in a privately held company, to physicians and scientists employed by Stanford University from companies or other commercial entities with which they interact as part of their professional activities.

Consulting: Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc
Service on Board of Directors: Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Gen-probe, Inc

Research Interests

A basic question in developmental biology involves the mechanisms used to generate the three-dimensional organization of a cell from a one-dimensional genetic code. Our goal is to define these mechanisms using both molecular genetics and biochemistry. The developmental program by which a single cell proceeds to a fully-developed organism involves cell divisions that yield dissimilar daughter cells. The characteristics that differentiate one daughter cell from the other result from differential transcription and subcellular positioning of regulatory and structural proteins. How this is brought about remains one of the most fundamental questions of developmental biology. To approach this question, we are studying a bacterial cell, whose simple life cycle is focused on the generation of asymmetry in the predivisional cell.

We are using full genome sequence and microarray technology to identify the genetic circuitry that controls the cell cycle in a bacterial cell with 3767 genes. Dynamic protein localization, phosphorelay signaling cascades, and spatially and temporally controlled proteolysis are overlayed on the transcription network that controls cell cycle progression and cell differentiation.

Publications

System-level design of bacterial cell cycle control. McAdams HH, Shapiro L. FEBS Lett. 2009;
Feedback control of DnaA-mediated replication initiation by replisome-associated HdaA protein in Caulobacter. Collier J, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 2009; 191 (18): 5706-16
Dynamic Chromosome Organization and Protein Localization Coordinate the Regulatory Circuitry that Drives the Bacterial Cell Cycle. Goley ED, Toro E, McAdams HH, Shapiro L. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2009;
MQX-503, a novel formulation of nitroglycerin, improves the severity of Raynaud's phenomenon: a randomized, controlled trial. Chung L, Shapiro L, Fiorentino D, Baron M, Shanahan J, Sule S, Hsu V, Rothfield N, Steen V, Martin RW, Smith E, Mayes M, Simms R, Pope J, Kahaleh B, Csuka ME, Gruber B, Collier D, Sweiss N, Gilbert A, Dechow FJ, Gregory J, Wigley FM. Arthritis Rheum. 2009; 60 (3): 870-7
Architecture and inherent robustness of a bacterial cell-cycle control system. Shen X, Collier J, Dill D, Shapiro L, Horowitz M, McAdams HH. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105 (32): 11340-5
Small non-coding RNAs in Caulobacter crescentus. Landt SG, Abeliuk E, McGrath PT, Lesley JA, McAdams HH, Shapiro L. Mol Microbiol. 2008; 68 (3): 600-14
SpoT regulates DnaA stability and initiation of DNA replication in carbon-starved Caulobacter crescentus. Lesley JA, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 2008; 190 (20): 6867-80
Super-resolution imaging in live Caulobacter crescentus cells using photoswitchable EYFP. Biteen JS, Thompson MA, Tselentis NK, Bowman GR, Shapiro L, Moerner WE. Nat Methods. 2008; 5 (11): 947-9
Caulobacter requires a dedicated mechanism to initiate chromosome segregation. Toro E, Hong SH, McAdams HH, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105 (40): 15435-40
A bacterial control circuit integrates polar localization and proteolysis of key regulatory proteins with a phospho-signaling cascade. Iniesta AA, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105 (43): 16602-7
A polymeric protein anchors the chromosomal origin/ParB complex at a bacterial cell pole. Bowman GR, Comolli LR, Zhu J, Eckart M, Koenig M, Downing KH, Moerner WE, Earnest T, Shapiro L. Cell. 2008; 134 (6): 945-55
High-throughput identification of transcription start sites, conserved promoter motifs and predicted regulons. McGrath PT, Lee H, Zhang L, Iniesta AA, Hottes AK, Tan MH, Hillson NJ, Hu P, Shapiro L, McAdams HH. Nat Biotechnol. 2007; 25 (5): 584-92
The push and pull of the bacterial cytoskeleton. Dye NA, Shapiro L. Trends Cell Biol. 2007; 17 (5): 239-45
Cell cycle regulation in Caulobacter: location, location, location. Goley ED, Iniesta AA, Shapiro L. J Cell Sci. 2007; 120 (Pt 20): 3501-7
Systems biology of Caulobacter. Laub MT, Shapiro L, McAdams HH. Annu Rev Genet. 2007; 41 429-41
A DNA methylation ratchet governs progression through a bacterial cell cycle. Collier J, McAdams HH, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007; 104 (43): 17111-6
A comprehensive set of plasmids for vanillate- and xylose-inducible gene expression in Caulobacter crescentus. Thanbichler M, Iniesta AA, Shapiro L. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007; 35 (20): e137
Caulobacter crescentus as a whole-cell uranium biosensor. Hillson NJ, Hu P, Andersen GL, Shapiro L. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007; 73 (23): 7615-21
Spatial complexity and control of a bacterial cell cycle. Collier J, Shapiro L. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2007; 18 (4): 333-40
A dynamically localized protease complex and a polar specificity factor control a cell cycle master regulator. McGrath PT, Iniesta AA, Ryan KR, Shapiro L, McAdams HH. Cell. 2006; 124 (3): 535-47
MipZ, a spatial regulator coordinating chromosome segregation with cell division in Caulobacter. Thanbichler M, Shapiro L. Cell. 2006; 126 (1): 147-62
Single molecules of the bacterial actin MreB undergo directed treadmilling motion in Caulobacter crescentus. Kim SY, Gitai Z, Kinkhabwala A, Shapiro L, Moerner WE. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006; 103 (29): 10929-34
A phospho-signaling pathway controls the localization and activity of a protease complex critical for bacterial cell cycle progression. Iniesta AA, McGrath PT, Reisenauer A, McAdams HH, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006; 103 (29): 10935-40
Chromosome organization and segregation in bacteria. Thanbichler M, Shapiro L. J Struct Biol. 2006; 156 (2): 292-303
DnaA couples DNA replication and the expression of two cell cycle master regulators. Collier J, Murray SR, Shapiro L. EMBO J. 2006; 25 (2): 346-56
Cytokinesis signals truncation of the PodJ polarity factor by a cell cycle-regulated protease. Chen JC, Hottes AK, McAdams HH, McGrath PT, Viollier PH, Shapiro L. EMBO J. 2006; 25 (2): 377-86
The bifunctional FtsK protein mediates chromosome partitioning and cell division in Caulobacter. Wang SC, West L, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 2006; 188 (4): 1497-508
Two independent spiral structures control cell shape in Caulobacter. Dye NA, Pincus Z, Theriot JA, Shapiro L, Gitai Z. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005; 102 (51): 18608-13
Identification of borinic esters as inhibitors of bacterial cell growth and bacterial methyltransferases, CcrM and MenH. Benkovic SJ, Baker SJ, Alley MR, Woo YH, Zhang YK, Akama T, Mao W, Baboval J, Rajagopalan PT, Wall M, Kahng LS, Tavassoli A, Shapiro L. J Med Chem. 2005; 48 (23): 7468-76
DnaA coordinates replication initiation and cell cycle transcription in Caulobacter crescentus. Hottes AK, Shapiro L, McAdams HH. Mol Microbiol. 2005; 58 (5): 1340-53
The choreographed dynamics of bacterial chromosomes. Gitai Z, Thanbichler M, Shapiro L. Trends Microbiol. 2005; 13 (5): 221-8
The structure and function of the bacterial chromosome. Thanbichler M, Viollier PH, Shapiro L. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2005; 15 (2): 153-62
MreB actin-mediated segregation of a specific region of a bacterial chromosome. Gitai Z, Dye NA, Reisenauer A, Wachi M, Shapiro L. Cell. 2005; 120 (3): 329-41
A membrane metalloprotease participates in the sequential degradation of a Caulobacter polarity determinant. Chen JC, Viollier PH, Shapiro L. Mol Microbiol. 2005; 55 (4): 1085-103
The bacterial nucleoid: a highly organized and dynamic structure. Thanbichler M, Wang SC, Shapiro L. J Cell Biochem. 2005; 96 (3): 506-21
Conserved modular design of an oxygen sensory/signaling network with species-specific output. Crosson S, McGrath PT, Stephens C, McAdams HH, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005; 102 (22): 8018-23
The topoisomerase IV ParC subunit colocalizes with the Caulobacter replisome and is required for polar localization of replication origins. Wang SC, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101 (25): 9251-6
Rapid and sequential movement of individual chromosomal loci to specific subcellular locations during bacterial DNA replication. Viollier PH, Thanbichler M, McGrath PT, West L, Meewan M, McAdams HH, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101 (25): 9257-62
An actin-like gene can determine cell polarity in bacteria. Gitai Z, Dye N, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101 (23): 8643-8
Recruitment of a cytoplasmic response regulator to the cell pole is linked to its cell cycle-regulated proteolysis. Ryan KR, Huntwork S, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101 (19): 7415-20
Oscillating global regulators control the genetic circuit driving a bacterial cell cycle. Holtzendorff J, Hung D, Brende P, Reisenauer A, Viollier PH, McAdams HH, Shapiro L. Science. 2004; 304 (5673): 983-7
Codon usage between genomes is constrained by genome-wide mutational processes. Chen SL, Lee W, Hottes AK, Shapiro L, McAdams HH. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101 (10): 3480-5
A genetic oscillator and the regulation of cell cycle progression in Caulobacter crescentus. Crosson S, McAdams H, Shapiro L. Cell Cycle. 2004; 3 (10): 1252-4
A lytic transglycosylase homologue, PleA, is required for the assembly of pili and the flagellum at the Caulobacter crescentus cell pole. Viollier PH, Shapiro L. Mol Microbiol. 2003; 49 (2): 331-45
Identification of long intergenic repeat sequences associated with DNA methylation sites in Caulobacter crescentus and other alpha-proteobacteria. Chen SL, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 2003; 185 (16): 4997-5002
A bacterial cell-cycle regulatory network operating in time and space. McAdams HH, Shapiro L. Science. 2003; 301 (5641): 1874-7
Fluorescence bleaching reveals asymmetric compartment formation prior to cell division in Caulobacter. Judd EM, Ryan KR, Moerner WE, Shapiro L, McAdams HH. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100 (14): 8235-40
TmRNA is required for correct timing of DNA replication in Caulobacter crescentus. Keiler KC, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 2003; 185 (2): 573-80
Polar localization of replicon origins in the multipartite genomes of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Sinorhizobium meliloti. Kahng LS, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 2003; 185 (11): 3384-91
Cell-cycle-regulated expression and subcellular localization of the Caulobacter crescentus SMC chromosome structural protein. Jensen RB, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 2003; 185 (10): 3068-75
Temporal and spatial regulation in prokaryotic cell cycle progression and development. Ryan KR, Shapiro L. Annu Rev Biochem. 2003; 72 367-94
Bacterial cell division spirals into control. Gitai Z, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100 (13): 7423-4
Identification of a localization factor for the polar positioning of bacterial structural and regulatory proteins. Viollier PH, Sternheim N, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002; 99 (21): 13831-6
The CtrA response regulator essential for Caulobacter crescentus cell-cycle progression requires a bipartite degradation signal for temporally controlled proteolysis. Ryan KR, Judd EM, Shapiro L. J Mol Biol. 2002; 324 (3): 443-55
Generating and exploiting polarity in bacteria. Shapiro L, McAdams HH, Losick R. Science. 2002; 298 (5600): 1942-6
A signal transduction protein cues proteolytic events critical to Caulobacter cell cycle progression. Hung DY, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002; 99 (20): 13160-5
Genes directly controlled by CtrA, a master regulator of the Caulobacter cell cycle. Laub MT, Chen SL, Shapiro L, McAdams HH. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002; 99 (7): 4632-7
A dynamically localized histidine kinase controls the asymmetric distribution of polar pili proteins. Viollier PH, Sternheim N, Shapiro L. EMBO J. 2002; 21 (17): 4420-8
DNA methylation affects the cell cycle transcription of the CtrA global regulator in Caulobacter. Reisenauer A, Shapiro L. EMBO J. 2002; 21 (18): 4969-77
A moving DNA replication factory in Caulobacter crescentus. Jensen RB, Wang SC, Shapiro L. EMBO J. 2001; 20 (17): 4952-63
Conserved promoter motif is required for cell cycle timing of dnaX transcription in Caulobacter. Keiler KC, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 2001; 183 (16): 4860-5
A homolog of the CtrA cell cycle regulator is present and essential in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Barnett MJ, Hung DY, Reisenauer A, Shapiro L, Long SR. J Bacteriol. 2001; 183 (10): 3204-10
The CcrM DNA methyltransferase of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is essential, and its activity is cell cycle regulated. Kahng LS, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 2001; 183 (10): 3065-75
Dynamic localization of a cytoplasmic signal transduction response regulator controls morphogenesis during the Caulobacter cell cycle. Jacobs C, Hung D, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001; 98 (7): 4095-100
Global analysis of the genetic network controlling a bacterial cell cycle. Laub MT, McAdams HH, Feldblyum T, Fraser CM, Shapiro L. Science. 2000; 290 (5499): 2144-8
Identification and cell cycle control of a novel pilus system in Caulobacter crescentus. Skerker JM, Shapiro L. EMBO J. 2000; 19 (13): 3223-34
tmRNAs that encode proteolysis-inducing tags are found in all known bacterial genomes: A two-piece tmRNA functions in Caulobacter. Keiler KC, Shapiro L, Williams KP. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000; 97 (14): 7778-83
Proteins on the move: dynamic protein localization in prokaryotes. Jensen RB, Shapiro L. Trends Cell Biol. 2000; 10 (11): 483-8
Dynamic spatial regulation in the bacterial cell. Shapiro L, Losick R. Cell. 2000; 100 (1): 89-98
The CtrA response regulator mediates temporal control of gene expression during the Caulobacter cell cycle. Reisenauer A, Quon K, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1999; 181 (8): 2430-9
Differential localization of two histidine kinases controlling bacterial cell differentiation. Wheeler RT, Shapiro L. Mol Cell. 1999; 4 (5): 683-94
Cell cycle-dependent polar localization of an essential bacterial histidine kinase that controls DNA replication and cell division. Jacobs C, Domian IJ, Maddock JR, Shapiro L. Cell. 1999; 97 (1): 111-20
Bacterial cell division: a moveable feast. Jacobs C, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999; 96 (11): 5891-3
Feedback control of a master bacterial cell-cycle regulator. Domian IJ, Reisenauer A, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999; 96 (12): 6648-53
Bacterial DNA methylation: a cell cycle regulator? Reisenauer A, Kahng LS, McCollum S, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1999; 181 (17): 5135-9
The Caulobacter crescentus smc gene is required for cell cycle progression and chromosome segregation. Jensen RB, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999; 96 (19): 10661-6
Chromosome segregation during the prokaryotic cell division cycle. Jensen RB, Shapiro L. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1999; 11 (6): 726-31
Microbial asymmetric cell division: localization of cell fate determinants. Jacobs C, Shapiro L. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1998; 8 (4): 386-91
Protein localization during the Caulobacter crescentus cell cycle. Wheeler RT, Gober JW, Shapiro L. Curr Opin Microbiol. 1998; 1 (6): 636-42
A membrane-associated protein, FliX, is required for an early step in Caulobacter flagellar assembly. Mohr CD, MacKichan JK, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1998; 180 (8): 2175-85
Negative control of bacterial DNA replication by a cell cycle regulatory protein that binds at the chromosome origin. Quon KC, Yang B, Domian IJ, Shapiro L, Marczynski GT. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998; 95 (1): 120-5
Transcriptional analysis of the Caulobacter 4.5 S RNA ffs gene and the physiological basis of an ffs mutant with a Ts phenotype. Winzeler E, Wheeler R, Shapiro L. J Mol Biol. 1997; 272 (5): 665-76
The CcrM DNA methyltransferase is widespread in the alpha subdivision of proteobacteria, and its essential functions are conserved in Rhizobium meliloti and Caulobacter crescentus. Wright R, Stephens C, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1997; 179 (18): 5869-77
Identification of the fliI and fliJ components of the Caulobacter flagellar type III protein secretion system. Stephens C, Mohr C, Boyd C, Maddock J, Gober J, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1997; 179 (17): 5355-65
Cell type-specific phosphorylation and proteolysis of a transcriptional regulator controls the G1-to-S transition in a bacterial cell cycle. Domian IJ, Quon KC, Shapiro L. Cell. 1997; 90 (3): 415-24
Isolation and characterization of a xylose-dependent promoter from Caulobacter crescentus. Meisenzahl AC, Shapiro L, Jenal U. J Bacteriol. 1997; 179 (3): 592-600
Protein localization and cell fate in bacteria. Shapiro L, Losick R. Science. 1997; 276 (5313): 712-8
Transcription of genes encoding DNA replication proteins is coincident with cell cycle control of DNA replication in Caulobacter crescentus. Roberts RC, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1997; 179 (7): 2319-30
Bacterial chromosome segregation: is there a mitotic apparatus? Wheeler RT, Shapiro L. Cell. 1997; 88 (5): 577-9
Translation of the leaderless Caulobacter dnaX mRNA. Winzeler E, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1997; 179 (12): 3981-8
Flagellar assembly in Caulobacter crescentus: a basal body P-ring null mutation affects stability of the L-ring protein. Mohr CD, Jenal U, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1996; 178 (3): 675-82
A cell cycle-regulated bacterial DNA methyltransferase is essential for viability. Stephens C, Reisenauer A, Wright R, Shapiro L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996; 93 (3): 1210-4
Identification of a Caulobacter crescentus operon encoding hrcA, involved in negatively regulating heat-inducible transcription, and the chaperone gene grpE. Roberts RC, Toochinda C, Avedissian M, Baldini RL, Gomes SL, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1996; 178 (7): 1829-41
Regulation of a heat shock sigma32 homolog in Caulobacter crescentus. Reisenauer A, Mohr CD, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1996; 178 (7): 1919-27
Cell cycle-controlled proteolysis of a flagellar motor protein that is asymmetrically distributed in the Caulobacter predivisional cell. Jenal U, Shapiro L. EMBO J. 1996; 15 (10): 2393-406
Caulobacter Lon protease has a critical role in cell-cycle control of DNA methylation. Wright R, Stephens C, Zweiger G, Shapiro L, Alley MR. Genes Dev. 1996; 10 (12): 1532-42
Delivering the payload. Bacterial pathogenesis. Stephens C, Shapiro L. Curr Biol. 1996; 6 (8): 927-30
The control of temporal and spatial organization during the Caulobacter cell cycle. Domian IJ, Quon KC, Shapiro L. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1996; 6 (5): 538-44
A novel promoter motif for Caulobacter cell cycle-controlled DNA replication genes. Winzeler E, Shapiro L. J Mol Biol. 1996; 264 (3): 412-25
Cell cycle control by an essential bacterial two-component signal transduction protein. Quon KC, Marczynski GT, Shapiro L. Cell. 1996; 84 (1): 83-93
Developmental programs in bacteria. Roberts RC, Mohr CD, Shapiro L. Curr Top Dev Biol. 1996; 34 207-57
A developmentally regulated chromosomal origin of replication uses essential transcription elements. Marczynski GT, Lentine K, Shapiro L. Genes Dev. 1995; 9 (12): 1543-57
Circuit simulation of genetic networks. McAdams HH, Shapiro L. Science. 1995; 269 (5224): 650-6
The control of asymmetric gene expression during Caulobacter cell differentiation. Marczynski GT, Shapiro L. Arch Microbiol. 1995; 163 (5): 313-21
Coordinate cell cycle control of a Caulobacter DNA methyltransferase and the flagellar genetic hierarchy. Stephens CM, Zweiger G, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1995; 177 (7): 1662-9
The bacterial flagellum: from genetic network to complex architecture. Shapiro L, Cell. 1995; 80 (4): 525-7
Regulation of asymmetry and polarity during the Caulobacter cell cycle. Jenal U, Stephens C, Shapiro L. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol. 1995; 71 1-39
Caulobacter FliQ and FliR membrane proteins, required for flagellar biogenesis and cell division, belong to a family of virulence factor export proteins. Zhuang WY, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1995; 177 (2): 343-56
Caulobacter flagellar function, but not assembly, requires FliL, a non-polarly localized membrane protein present in all cell types. Jenal U, White J, Shapiro L. J Mol Biol. 1994; 243 (2): 227-44
Cell cycle arrest of a Caulobacter crescentus secA mutant. Kang PJ, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1994; 176 (16): 4958-65
Bacterial sporulation. An ATP/ADP switch. Stephens C, Singer M, Shapiro L. Curr Biol. 1994; 4 (7): 630-2
A Caulobacter DNA methyltransferase that functions only in the predivisional cell. Zweiger G, Marczynski G, Shapiro L. J Mol Biol. 1994; 235 (2): 472-85
Expression of Caulobacter dnaA as a function of the cell cycle. Zweiger G, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1994; 176 (2): 401-8
Bacterial chromosome origins of replication. Marczynski GT, Shapiro L. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1993; 3 (5): 775-82
Polarized cells, polar actions. Maddock JR, Alley MR, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1993; 175 (22): 7125-9
An unusual promoter controls cell-cycle regulation and dependence on DNA replication of the Caulobacter fliLM early flagellar operon. Stephens CM, Shapiro L. Mol Microbiol. 1993; 9 (6): 1169-79
Polar location of the chemoreceptor complex in the Escherichia coli cell. Maddock JR, Shapiro L. Science. 1993; 259 (5102): 1717-23
Requirement of the carboxyl terminus of a bacterial chemoreceptor for its targeted proteolysis. Alley MR, Maddock JR, Shapiro L. Science. 1993; 259 (5102): 1754-7
Development and behavior in bacteria. Shapiro L, Kaiser D, Losick R. Cell. 1993; 73 (5): 835-6
Protein localization and asymmetry in the bacterial cell. Shapiro L, Cell. 1993; 73 (5): 841-55
The control of timing and spatial organization during Caulobacter cell differentiation. Shapiro L, Harvey Lect. 1992-1993; 88 23-48
Cell-cycle control of a cloned chromosomal origin of replication from Caulobacter crescentus. Marczynski GT, Shapiro L. J Mol Biol. 1992; 226 (4): 959-77
A developmentally regulated Caulobacter flagellar promoter is activated by 3' enhancer and IHF binding elements. Gober JW, Shapiro L. Mol Biol Cell. 1992; 3 (8): 913-26
Polar localization of a bacterial chemoreceptor. Alley MR, Maddock JR, Shapiro L. Genes Dev. 1992; 6 (5): 825-36
Early Caulobacter crescentus genes fliL and fliM are required for flagellar gene expression and normal cell division. Yu J, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1992; 174 (10): 3327-38
A temporally controlled sigma-factor is required for polar morphogenesis and normal cell division in Caulobacter. Brun YV, Shapiro L. Genes Dev. 1992; 6 (12A): 2395-408
Expression of an early gene in the flagellar regulatory hierarchy is sensitive to an interruption in DNA replication. Dingwall A, Zhuang WY, Quon K, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1992; 174 (6): 1760-8
Genetic analysis of a temporally transcribed chemotaxis gene cluster in Caulobacter crescentus. Alley MR, Gomes SL, Alexander W, Shapiro L. Genetics. 1991; 129 (2): 333-41
Positional information during Caulobacter cell differentiation. Gober JW, Alley MR, Shapiro L. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1991; 1 (3): 324-9
Identification of cis and trans-elements involved in the timed control of a Caulobacter flagellar gene. Gober JW, Xu H, Dingwall AK, Shapiro L. J Mol Biol. 1991; 217 (2): 247-57
Expression of positional information during cell differentiation of Caulobacter. Gober JW, Champer R, Reuter S, Shapiro L. Cell. 1991; 64 (2): 381-91
Integration host factor is required for the activation of developmentally regulated genes in Caulobacter. Gober JW, Shapiro L. Genes Dev. 1990; 4 (9): 1494-504
Plasmid and chromosomal DNA replication and partitioning during the Caulobacter crescentus cell cycle. Marczynski GT, Dingwall A, Shapiro L. J Mol Biol. 1990; 212 (4): 709-22
Identification of a Caulobacter basal body structural gene and a cis-acting site required for activation of transcription. Dingwall A, Gober JW, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1990; 172 (10): 6066-76
Regulatory interactions between phospholipid synthesis and DNA replication in Caulobacter crescentus. Loewy B, Marczynski GT, Dingwall A, Shapiro L. J Bacteriol. 1990; 172 (10): 5523-30