Key Documents

Gerald Crabtree

Professor, Pathology
Professor, Developmental Biology
Member, Bio-X
Member, Cancer Center

Contact Information

Clinical Offices

Department of Pathology 300 Pasteur Dr B211 MC 5428 Stanford, CA 94305
Telephone Work (650) 723-3685 Fax (650) 723-5158
Academic Offices

Personal Information
Email crabtree@stanford.edu Tel (650) 723-3685, (650) 723-8391

Administrative Contact
Penny Brueggemann Administrative Assistant Email pbruegge@stanford.edu Tel Work 650 723 3685

Postdoctoral Advisees

Mamoun Alhamadsheh, Oliver Bell, Emily Dykhuizen, Laura Elias, Diana Hargreaves, Fu-Sen Liang, Aryaman Shalizi, Andrew Yoo

Graduate & Fellowship Program Affiliations

Web Site Links

Personal Web site

Research Interests

We are interested in the role of chromatin regulation in stem cells and have recently discovered a stem cell specific chromatin remodeling complex which plays an essential role in the formation and function of stem cells. We hope to understand how this complex functions over the genome of stem cells and its potential roles in the formation of induced pluripotent cells.

We are also interested in the mechanisms by which signals through Ca2+, calcineurin and NFATc proteins regulate development and morphogenesis in vertebrates. We hope to define the many roles of this pathway in development and disease. For example, this pathway is critical for immunologic function and transplant rejection, for the pathogenesis of diabetes, congential heart defects, Down Syndrome and perhaps osteoporesis. In addition to defining the full range of function of the pathway we hope to understand how the pathway might be regulated for therapeutic purposes.

Finally, we are developing new ways of making conditional alleles of mammalian genes using synthetic ligands that we hope will bring about a new fusion of biochemical and genetic approaches to understanding and controlling fundamental biologic processes.

Publications

Understanding the words of chromatin regulation. Wu JI, Lessard J, Crabtree GR. Cell. 2009; 136 (2): 200-6
Calcineurin/NFAT signaling is required for neuregulin-regulated Schwann cell differentiation. Kao SC, Wu H, Xie J, Chang CP, Ranish JA, Graef IA, Crabtree GR. Science. 2009; 323 (5914): 651-4
An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency. Ho L, Ronan JL, Wu J, Staahl BT, Chen L, Kuo A, Lessard J, Nesvizhskii AI, Ranish J, Crabtree GR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009; 106 (13): 5181-6
An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is an essential component of the core pluripotency transcriptional network. Ho L, Jothi R, Ronan JL, Cui K, Zhao K, Crabtree GR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009; 106 (13): 5187-91
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling in neural development. Yoo AS, Crabtree GR. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2009; 19 (2): 120-6
MicroRNA-mediated switching of chromatin-remodelling complexes in neural development. Yoo AS, Staahl BT, Chen L, Crabtree GR. Nature. 2009; 460 (7255): 642-6
Selective role of calcineurin in haematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis. Gallo EM, Ho L, Winslow MM, Staton TL, Crabtree GR. EMBO Rep. 2008; 9 (11): 1141-8
Renaming the DSCR1/Adapt78 gene family as RCAN: regulators of calcineurin. Davies KJ, Ermak G, Rothermel BA, Pritchard M, Heitman J, Ahnn J, Henrique-Silva F, Crawford D, Canaider S, Strippoli P, Carinci P, Min KT, Fox DS, Cunningham KW, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN, Zhang Z, Williams RS, Gerber HP, Pérez-Riba M, Seo H, Cao X, Klee CB, Redondo JM, Maltais LJ, Bruford EA, Povey S, Molkentin JD, McKeon FD, Duh EJ, Crabtree GR, Cyert MS, de la Luna S, Estivill X. FASEB J. 2007; 21 (12): 3023-8
Exploiting protein destruction for constructive use. Stankunas K, Crabtree GR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007; 104 (28): 11511-2
An essential switch in subunit composition of a chromatin remodeling complex during neural development. Lessard J, Wu JI, Ranish JA, Wan M, Winslow MM, Staahl BT, Wu H, Aebersold R, Graef IA, Crabtree GR. Neuron. 2007; 55 (2): 201-15
Regulation of dendritic development by neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complexes. Wu JI, Lessard J, Olave IA, Qiu Z, Ghosh A, Graef IA, Crabtree GR. Neuron. 2007; 56 (1): 94-108
Calcineurin sets the bandwidth for discrimination of signals during thymocyte development. Gallo EM, Winslow MM, Canté-Barrett K, Radermacher AN, Ho L, McGinnis L, Iritani B, Neilson JR, Crabtree GR. Nature. 2007; 450 (7170): 731-5
Cell signaling. Nuclear actin as choreographer of cell morphology and transcription. Wu JI, Crabtree GR, Crabtee GR. Science. 2007; 316 (5832): 1710-1
Chemical rescue of cleft palate and midline defects in conditional GSK-3beta mice. Liu KJ, Arron JR, Stankunas K, Crabtree GR, Longaker MT. Nature. 2007; 446 (7131): 79-82
NFAT signaling and the invention of vertebrates. Wu H, Peisley A, Graef IA, Crabtree GR. Trends Cell Biol. 2007; 17 (6): 251-60
Rescue of degradation-prone mutants of the FK506-rapamycin binding (FRB) protein with chemical ligands. Stankunas K, Bayle JH, Havranek JJ, Wandless TJ, Baker D, Crabtree GR, Gestwicki JE. Chembiochem. 2007; 8 (10): 1162-9
Engineering small molecule specificity in nearly identical cellular environments. Sellmyer MA, Stankunas K, Briesewitz R, Crabtree GR, Wandless TJ. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007; 17 (10): 2703-5
NFAT dysregulation by increased dosage of DSCR1 and DYRK1A on chromosome 21. Arron JR, Winslow MM, Polleri A, Chang CP, Wu H, Gao X, Neilson JR, Chen L, Heit JJ, Kim SK, Yamasaki N, Miyakawa T, Francke U, Graef IA, Crabtree GR. Nature. 2006; 441 (7093): 595-600
Rapamycin analogs with differential binding specificity permit orthogonal control of protein activity. Bayle JH, Grimley JS, Stankunas K, Gestwicki JE, Wandless TJ, Crabtree GR. Chem Biol. 2006; 13 (1): 99-107
Lymphocyte calcium signaling from membrane to nucleus. Gallo EM, Canté-Barrett K, Crabtree GR. Nat Immunol. 2006; 7 (1): 25-32
Calcineurin/NFAT signalling regulates pancreatic beta-cell growth and function. Heit JJ, Apelqvist AA, Gu X, Winslow MM, Neilson JR, Crabtree GR, Kim SK. Nature. 2006; 443 (7109): 345-9
Calcineurin/Nfat signaling is required for perinatal lung maturation and function. Davé V, Childs T, Xu Y, Ikegami M, Besnard V, Maeda Y, Wert SE, Neilson JR, Crabtree GR, Whitsett JA. J Clin Invest. 2006; 116 (10): 2597-609
A Foxy tango with NFAT. Ho L, Crabtree G. Nat Immunol. 2006; 7 (9): 906-8
Role of transcription factor NFAT in glucose and insulin homeostasis. Yang TT, Suk HY, Yang X, Olabisi O, Yu RY, Durand J, Jelicks LA, Kim JY, Scherer PE, Wang Y, Feng Y, Rossetti L, Graef IA, Crabtree GR, Chow CW. Mol Cell Biol. 2006; 26 (20): 7372-87
Calcineurin/NFAT signaling in osteoblasts regulates bone mass. Winslow MM, Pan M, Starbuck M, Gallo EM, Deng L, Karsenty G, Crabtree GR. Dev Cell. 2006; 10 (6): 771-82
The calcineurin phosphatase complex modulates immunogenic B cell responses. Winslow MM, Gallo EM, Neilson JR, Crabtree GR. Immunity. 2006; 24 (2): 141-52
Immunology. Decoding calcium signaling. Winslow MM, Crabtree GR. Science. 2005; 307 (5706): 56-7
'Nature-inspired' drug-protein complexes as inhibitors of Abeta aggregation. Bose M, Gestwicki JE, Devasthali V, Crabtree GR, Graef IA. Biochem Soc Trans. 2005; 33 (Pt 4): 543-7
Calcineurin B1 is essential for positive but not negative selection during thymocyte development. Neilson JR, Winslow MM, Hur EM, Crabtree GR. Immunity. 2004; 20 (3): 255-66
A field of myocardial-endocardial NFAT signaling underlies heart valve morphogenesis. Chang CP, Neilson JR, Bayle JH, Gestwicki JE, Kuo A, Stankunas K, Graef IA, Crabtree GR. Cell. 2004; 118 (5): 649-63
Calcineurin is required in urinary tract mesenchyme for the development of the pyeloureteral peristaltic machinery. Chang CP, McDill BW, Neilson JR, Joist HE, Epstein JA, Crabtree GR, Chen F. J Clin Invest. 2004; 113 (7): 1051-8
Harnessing chaperones to generate small-molecule inhibitors of amyloid beta aggregation. Gestwicki JE, Crabtree GR, Graef IA. Science. 2004; 306 (5697): 865-9
Conditional protein alleles using knockin mice and a chemical inducer of dimerization. Stankunas K, Bayle JH, Gestwicki JE, Lin YM, Wandless TJ, Crabtree GR. Mol Cell. 2003; 12 (6): 1615-24
Sequential roles of Brg, the ATPase subunit of BAF chromatin remodeling complexes, in thymocyte development. Chi TH, Wan M, Lee PP, Akashi K, Metzger D, Chambon P, Wilson CB, Crabtree GR. Immunity. 2003; 19 (2): 169-82
Calcium signalling in lymphocytes. Winslow MM, Neilson JR, Crabtree GR. Curr Opin Immunol. 2003; 15 (3): 299-307
Neurotrophins and netrins require calcineurin/NFAT signaling to stimulate outgrowth of embryonic axons. Graef IA, Wang F, Charron F, Chen L, Neilson J, Tessier-Lavigne M, Crabtree GR. Cell. 2003; 113 (5): 657-70
Sonographic staging of the developmental status of mouse embryos in utero. Chang CP, Chen L, Crabtree GR. Genesis. 2003; 36 (1): 7-11
Genomic expression programs and the integration of the CD28 costimulatory signal in T cell activation. Diehn M, Alizadeh AA, Rando OJ, Liu CL, Stankunas K, Botstein D, Crabtree GR, Brown PO. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002; 99 (18): 11796-801
Identification of a polymorphic, neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complex. Olave I, Wang W, Xue Y, Kuo A, Crabtree GR. Genes Dev. 2002; 16 (19): 2509-17
Reciprocal regulation of CD4/CD8 expression by SWI/SNF-like BAF complexes. Chi TH, Wan M, Zhao K, Taniuchi I, Chen L, Littman DR, Crabtree GR. Nature. 2002; 418 (6894): 195-9
Nuclear actin and actin-related proteins in chromatin remodeling. Olave IA, Reck-Peterson SL, Crabtree GR. Annu Rev Biochem. 2002; 71 755-81
Hyperphenylalaninemia and impaired glucose tolerance in mice lacking the bifunctional DCoH gene. Bayle JH, Randazzo F, Johnen G, Kaufman S, Nagy A, Rossant J, Crabtree GR. J Biol Chem. 2002; 277 (32): 28884-91
NFAT signaling: choreographing the social lives of cells. Crabtree GR, Olson EN. Cell. 2002; 109 Suppl S67-79
Phosphatidylinositol-dependent actin filament binding by the SWI/SNF-like BAF chromatin remodeling complex. Rando OJ, Zhao K, Janmey P, Crabtree GR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002; 99 (5): 2824-9
Evolutionary relationships among Rel domains indicate functional diversification by recombination. Graef IA, Gastier JM, Francke U, Crabtree GR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001; 98 (10): 5740-5
Monitoring the duration of antigen-receptor occupancy by calcineurin/glycogen-synthase-kinase-3 control of NF-AT nuclear shuttling. Neilson J, Stankunas K, Crabtree GR. Curr Opin Immunol. 2001; 13 (3): 346-50
Cell signaling can direct either binary or graded transcriptional responses. Biggar SR, Crabtree GR. EMBO J. 2001; 20 (12): 3167-76
Signals transduced by Ca(2+)/calcineurin and NFATc3/c4 pattern the developing vasculature. Graef IA, Chen F, Chen L, Kuo A, Crabtree GR. Cell. 2001; 105 (7): 863-75
NFAT signaling in vertebrate development. Graef IA, Chen F, Crabtree GR. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2001; 11 (5): 505-12
Calcineurin inhibitors and the generalization of the presenting protein strategy. Vogel KW, Briesewitz R, Wandless TJ, Crabtree GR. Adv Protein Chem. 2001; 56 253-91
Calcium, calcineurin, and the control of transcription. Crabtree GR, J Biol Chem. 2001; 276 (4): 2313-6
Perspectives: signal transduction. Inositol phosphates in the nucleus. Chi TH, Crabtree GR. Science. 2000; 287 (5460): 1937-9
The cytoskeleton in lymphocyte signaling. Bauch A, Alt FW, Crabtree GR, Snapper SB. Adv Immunol. 2000; 75 89-114
The vav exchange factor is an essential regulator in actin-dependent receptor translocation to the lymphocyte-antigen-presenting cell interface. Wülfing C, Bauch A, Crabtree GR, Davis MM. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000; 97 (18): 10150-5
Searching for a function for nuclear actin. Rando OJ, Zhao K, Crabtree GR. Trends Cell Biol. 2000; 10 (3): 92-7
Chemically regulated transcription factors reveal the persistence of repressor-resistant transcription after disrupting activator function. Biggar SR, Crabtree GR. J Biol Chem. 2000; 275 (33): 25381-90
Affinity modulation of small-molecule ligands by borrowing endogenous protein surfaces. Briesewitz R, Ray GT, Wandless TJ, Crabtree GR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999; 96 (5): 1953-8
Signaling through calcium, calcineurin, and NF-AT in lymphocyte activation and development. Stankunas K, Graef IA, Neilson JR, Park SH, Crabtree GR. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1999; 64 505-16
L-type calcium channels and GSK-3 regulate the activity of NF-ATc4 in hippocampal neurons. Graef IA, Mermelstein PG, Stankunas K, Neilson JR, Deisseroth K, Tsien RW, Crabtree GR. Nature. 1999; 401 (6754): 703-8
Generic signals and specific outcomes: signaling through Ca2+, calcineurin, and NF-AT. Crabtree GR, Cell. 1999; 96 (5): 611-4
The Actin Cytoskeleton and Lymphocyte Activation Cell Gerald R. Crabtree, Josef M. Penninger. --. 1999;
Continuous and widespread roles for the Swi-Snf complex in transcription. Biggar SR, Crabtree GR. EMBO J. 1999; 18 (8): 2254-64
Rapid and phosphoinositol-dependent binding of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex to chromatin after T lymphocyte receptor signaling. Zhao K, Wang W, Rando OJ, Xue Y, Swiderek K, Kuo A, Crabtree GR. Cell. 1998; 95 (5): 625-36
Five SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin (SMARC) genes are dispersed in the human genome. Ring HZ, Vameghi-Meyers V, Wang W, Crabtree GR, Francke U. Genomics. 1998; 51 (1): 140-3
Defects in actin-cap formation in Vav-deficient mice implicate an actin requirement for lymphocyte signal transduction. Holsinger LJ, Graef IA, Swat W, Chi T, Bautista DM, Davidson L, Lewis RS, Alt FW, Crabtree GR. Curr Biol. 1998; 8 (10): 563-72
Dimerization as a regulatory mechanism in signal transduction. Klemm JD, Schreiber SL, Crabtree GR. Annu Rev Immunol. 1998; 16 569-92
Architectural DNA binding by a high-mobility-group/kinesin-like subunit in mammalian SWI/SNF-related complexes. Wang W, Chi T, Xue Y, Zhou S, Kuo A, Crabtree GR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998; 95 (2): 492-8
Rapid targeting of nuclear proteins to the cytoplasm. Klemm JD, Beals CR, Crabtree GR. Curr Biol. 1997; 7 (9): 638-44
Redundant expression but selective utilization of nuclear factor of activated T cells family members. Timmerman LA, Healy JI, Ho SN, Chen L, Goodnow CC, Crabtree GR. J Immunol. 1997; 159 (6): 2735-40
Proximity and orientation underlie signaling by the non-receptor tyrosine kinase ZAP70. Graef IA, Holsinger LJ, Diver S, Schreiber SL, Crabtree GR. EMBO J. 1997; 16 (18): 5618-28
Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae dna2 mutants suggests a role for the helicase late in S phase. Fiorentino DF, Crabtree GR. Mol Biol Cell. 1997; 8 (12): 2519-37
Fas signal transduction triggers either proliferation or apoptosis in human fibroblasts. Freiberg RA, Spencer DM, Choate KA, Duh HJ, Schreiber SL, Crabtree GR, Khavari PA. J Invest Dermatol. 1997; 108 (2): 215-9
The transcriptional paradox: octamer factors and B and T cells. Graef IA, Crabtree GR. Science. 1997; 277 (5323): 193-4
Different nuclear signals are activated by the B cell receptor during positive versus negative signaling. Healy JI, Dolmetsch RE, Timmerman LA, Cyster JG, Thomas ML, Crabtree GR, Lewis RS, Goodnow CC. Immunity. 1997; 6 (4): 419-28
Nuclear localization of NF-ATc by a calcineurin-dependent, cyclosporin-sensitive intramolecular interaction. Beals CR, Clipstone NA, Ho SN, Crabtree GR. Genes Dev. 1997; 11 (7): 824-34
Nuclear export of NF-ATc enhanced by glycogen synthase kinase-3. Beals CR, Sheridan CM, Turck CW, Gardner P, Crabtree GR. Science. 1997; 275 (5308): 1930-4
Protein acetylation: more than chromatin modification to regulate transcription. Bayle JH, Crabtree GR. Chem Biol. 1997; 4 (12): 885-8
Specific triggering of the Fas signal transduction pathway in normal human keratinocytes. Freiberg RA, Spencer DM, Choate KA, Peng PD, Schreiber SL, Crabtree GR, Khavari PA. J Biol Chem. 1996; 271 (49): 31666-9
Three-part inventions: intracellular signaling and induced proximity. Crabtree GR, Schreiber SL. Trends Biochem Sci. 1996; 21 (11): 418-22
Functional analysis of Fas signaling in vivo using synthetic inducers of dimerization. Spencer DM, Belshaw PJ, Chen L, Ho SN, Randazzo F, Crabtree GR, Schreiber SL. Curr Biol. 1996; 6 (7): 839-47
Dimeric ligands define a role for transcriptional activation domains in reinitiation. Ho SN, Biggar SR, Spencer DM, Schreiber SL, Crabtree GR. Nature. 1996; 382 (6594): 822-6
Diversity and specialization of mammalian SWI/SNF complexes. Wang W, Xue Y, Zhou S, Kuo A, Cairns BR, Crabtree GR. Genes Dev. 1996; 10 (17): 2117-30
The mechanism of action of cyclosporin A and FK506. Ho S, Clipstone N, Timmermann L, Northrop J, Graef I, Fiorentino D, Nourse J, Crabtree GR. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1996; 80 (3 Pt 2): S40-5
Purification and biochemical heterogeneity of the mammalian SWI-SNF complex. Wang W, Côté J, Xue Y, Zhou S, Khavari PA, Biggar SR, Muchardt C, Kalpana GV, Goff SP, Yaniv M, Workman JL, Crabtree GR. EMBO J. 1996; 15 (19): 5370-82
Rapid shuttling of NF-AT in discrimination of Ca2+ signals and immunosuppression. Timmerman LA, Clipstone NA, Ho SN, Northrop JP, Crabtree GR. Nature. 1996; 383 (6603): 837-40
NFATc3, a lymphoid-specific NFATc family member that is calcium-regulated and exhibits distinct DNA binding specificity. Ho SN, Thomas DJ, Timmerman LA, Li X, Francke U, Crabtree GR. J Biol Chem. 1995; 270 (34): 19898-907
A general strategy for producing conditional alleles of Src-like tyrosine kinases. Spencer DM, Graef I, Austin DJ, Schreiber SL, Crabtree GR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995; 92 (21): 9805-9
Signal transduction in T lymphocytes using a conditional allele of Sos. Holsinger LJ, Spencer DM, Austin DJ, Schreiber SL, Crabtree GR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995; 92 (21): 9810-4
Characterization of T cell mutants with defects in capacitative calcium entry: genetic evidence for the physiological roles of CRAC channels. Fanger CM, Hoth M, Crabtree GR, Lewis RS. J Cell Biol. 1995; 131 (3): 655-67
Isolation of mutant T lymphocytes with defects in capacitative calcium entry. Serafini AT, Lewis RS, Clipstone NA, Bram RJ, Fanger C, Fiering S, Herzenberg LA, Crabtree GR. Immunity. 1995; 3 (2): 239-50
Cloning and chromosomal localization of the human and murine genes for the T-cell transcription factors NFATc and NFATp. Li X, Ho SN, Luna J, Giacalone J, Thomas DJ, Timmerman LA, Crabtree GR, Francke U. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1995; 68 (3-4): 185-91
Signal transmission between the plasma membrane and nucleus of T lymphocytes. Crabtree GR, Clipstone NA. Annu Rev Biochem. 1994; 63 1045-83
NF-AT components define a family of transcription factors targeted in T-cell activation. Northrop JP, Ho SN, Chen L, Thomas DJ, Timmerman LA, Nolan GP, Admon A, Crabtree GR. Nature. 1994; 369 (6480): 497-502
Specific inhibition of formation of transcription complexes by a calicheamicin oligosaccharide: a paradigm for the development of transcriptional antagonists. Ho SN, Boyer SH, Schreiber SL, Danishefsky SJ, Crabtree GR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994; 91 (20): 9203-7
Molecular analysis of the interaction of calcineurin with drug-immunophilin complexes. Clipstone NA, Fiorentino DF, Crabtree GR. J Biol Chem. 1994; 269 (42): 26431-7
Interleukin-2-mediated elimination of the p27Kip1 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor prevented by rapamycin. Nourse J, Firpo E, Flanagan WM, Coats S, Polyak K, Lee MH, Massague J, Crabtree GR, Roberts JM. Nature. 1994; 372 (6506): 570-3
Cloning and characterization of NF-ATc and NF-ATp: the cytoplasmic components of NF-AT. Ho S, Timmerman L, Northrop J, Crabtree GR. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1994; 365 167-73
BRG1 contains a conserved domain of the SWI2/SNF2 family necessary for normal mitotic growth and transcription. Khavari PA, Peterson CL, Tamkun JW, Mendel DB, Crabtree GR. Nature. 1993; 366 (6451): 170-4
Controlling signal transduction with synthetic ligands. Spencer DM, Wandless TJ, Schreiber SL, Crabtree GR. Science. 1993; 262 (5136): 1019-24
Calcineurin is a key signaling enzyme in T lymphocyte activation and the target of the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin A and FK506. Clipstone NA, Crabtree GR. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993; 696 20-30
Rapamycin inhibits p34cdc2 expression and arrests T lymphocyte proliferation at the G1/S transition. Flanagan WM, Crabtree GR. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993; 696 31-7
Jun family members are controlled by a calcium-regulated, cyclosporin A-sensitive signaling pathway in activated T lymphocytes. Ullman KS, Northrop JP, Admon A, Crabtree GR. Genes Dev. 1993; 7 (2): 188-96
Identification of the immunophilins capable of mediating inhibition of signal transduction by cyclosporin A and FK506: roles of calcineurin binding and cellular location. Bram RJ, Hung DT, Martin PK, Schreiber SL, Crabtree GR. Mol Cell Biol. 1993; 13 (8): 4760-9
Regulation of the HNF-1 homeodomain proteins by DCoH. Hansen LP, Crabtree GR. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1993; 3 (2): 246-53
Genes for the dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (DCOH) are on human and murine chromosomes 10. Milatovich A, Mendel DB, Crabtree GR, Francke U. Genomics. 1993; 16 (1): 292-5
Characterization of the nuclear and cytoplasmic components of the lymphoid-specific nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) complex. Northrop JP, Ullman KS, Crabtree GR. J Biol Chem. 1993; 268 (4): 2917-23
Primary extrauterine endometrial stromal neoplasms: a clinicopathologic study of 20 cases and a review of the literature. Chang KL, Crabtree GS, Lim-Tan SK, Kempson RL, Hendrickson MR. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 1993; 12 (4): 282-96
A transcriptional hierarchy involved in mammalian cell-type specification. Kuo CJ, Conley PB, Chen L, Sladek FM, Darnell JE, Crabtree GR. Nature. 1992; 355 (6359): 457-61
Negative regulation of interleukin 2 transcription by the glucocorticoid receptor. Northrop JP, Crabtree GR, Mattila PS. J Exp Med. 1992; 175 (5): 1235-45
Identification of calcineurin as a key signalling enzyme in T-lymphocyte activation. Clipstone NA, Crabtree GR. Nature. 1992; 357 (6380): 695-7
Rapamycin selectively inhibits interleukin-2 activation of p70 S6 kinase. Kuo CJ, Chung J, Fiorentino DF, Flanagan WM, Blenis J, Crabtree GR. Nature. 1992; 358 (6381): 70-3
In vitro transcription faithfully reflecting T-cell activation requirements. Flanagan WM, Crabtree GR. J Biol Chem. 1992; 267 (1): 399-406
Regulation of the interleukin-2 gene. Riegel JS, Corthesy B, Flanagan WM, Crabtree GR. Chem Immunol. 1992; 51 266-98
Characterization of a cofactor that regulates dimerization of a mammalian homeodomain protein. Mendel DB, Khavari PA, Conley PB, Graves MK, Hansen LP, Admon A, Crabtree GR. Science. 1991; 254 (5039): 1762-7
Site of action of cyclosporine and FK 506 in the pathways of communication between the T-lymphocyte antigen receptor and the early activation genes. Ullman KS, Flanagan WM, Cothesy B, Kuo P, Northrop JP, Crabtree GR. Transplant Proc. 1991; 23 (6): 2845
Activation of early gene expression in T lymphocytes by Oct-1 and an inducible protein, OAP40. Ullman KS, Flanagan WM, Edwards CA, Crabtree GR. Science. 1991; 254 (5031): 558-62
Nuclear association of a T-cell transcription factor blocked by FK-506 and cyclosporin A. Flanagan WM, Corthésy B, Bram RJ, Crabtree GR. Nature. 1991; 352 (6338): 803-7
Independent regulation of HNF-1 alpha and HNF-1 beta by retinoic acid in F9 teratocarcinoma cells. Kuo CJ, Mendel DB, Hansen LP, Crabtree GR. EMBO J. 1991; 10 (8): 2231-6
HNF-1 alpha and HNF-1 beta (vHNF-1) share dimerization and homeo domains, but not activation domains, and form heterodimers in vitro. Mendel DB, Hansen LP, Graves MK, Conley PB, Crabtree GR. Genes Dev. 1991; 5 (6): 1042-56
HNF-1, a member of a novel class of dimerizing homeodomain proteins. Mendel DB, Crabtree GR. J Biol Chem. 1991; 266 (2): 677-80
Molecular cloning, functional expression, and chromosomal localization of mouse hepatocyte nuclear factor 1. Kuo CJ, Conley PB, Hsieh CL, Francke U, Crabtree GR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990; 87 (24): 9838-42
The actions of cyclosporin A and FK506 suggest a novel step in the activation of T lymphocytes. Mattila PS, Ullman KS, Fiering S, Emmel EA, McCutcheon M, Crabtree GR, Herzenberg LA. EMBO J. 1990; 9 (13): 4425-33
Single cell assay of a transcription factor reveals a threshold in transcription activated by signals emanating from the T-cell antigen receptor. Fiering S, Northrop JP, Nolan GP, Mattila PS, Crabtree GR, Herzenberg LA. Genes Dev. 1990; 4 (10): 1823-34
Cell type specificity and activation requirements for NFAT-1 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) transcriptional activity determined by a new method using transgenic mice to assay transcriptional activity of an individual nuclear factor. Verweij CL, Guidos C, Crabtree GR. J Biol Chem. 1990; 265 (26): 15788-95
HNF-1 shares three sequence motifs with the POU domain proteins and is identical to LF-B1 and APF. Baumhueter S, Mendel DB, Conley PB, Kuo CJ, Turk C, Graves MK, Edwards CA, Courtois G, Crabtree GR. Genes Dev. 1990; 4 (3): 372-9
T-lymphocyte-antigen interactions in transplant rejection. Krensky AM, Weiss A, Crabtree G, Davis MM, Parham P. N Engl J Med. 1990; 322 (8): 510-7
Transmission of signals from the T lymphocyte antigen receptor to the genes responsible for cell proliferation and immune function: the missing link. Ullman KS, Northrop JP, Verweij CL, Crabtree GR. Annu Rev Immunol. 1990; 8 421-52
Cyclosporin A specifically inhibits function of nuclear proteins involved in T cell activation. Emmel EA, Verweij CL, Durand DB, Higgins KM, Lacy E, Crabtree GR. Science. 1989; 246 (4937): 1617-20
Contingent genetic regulatory events in T lymphocyte activation. Crabtree GR, Science. 1989; 243 (4889): 355-61
The role of HNF-1 in liver-specific gene expression. Baumhueter S, Courtois G, Morgan JG, Crabtree GR. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1989; 557 272-8, discussion 279
Purified hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 interacts with a family of hepatocyte-specific promoters. Courtois G, Baumhueter S, Crabtree GR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988; 85 (21): 7937-41
A variant nuclear protein in dedifferentiated hepatoma cells binds to the same functional sequences in the beta fibrinogen gene promoter as HNF-1. Baumhueter S, Courtois G, Crabtree GR. EMBO J. 1988; 7 (8): 2485-93
Identification of a putative regulator of early T cell activation genes. Shaw JP, Utz PJ, Durand DB, Toole JJ, Emmel EA, Crabtree GR. Science. 1988; 241 (4862): 202-5
Sp1, a CAAT-binding factor, and the adenovirus major late promoter transcription factor interact with functional regions of the gamma-fibrinogen promoter. Morgan JG, Courtois G, Fourel G, Chodosh LA, Campbell L, Evans E, Crabtree GR. Mol Cell Biol. 1988; 8 (6): 2628-37
Characterization of antigen receptor response elements within the interleukin-2 enhancer. Durand DB, Shaw JP, Bush MR, Replogle RE, Belagaje R, Crabtree GR. Mol Cell Biol. 1988; 8 (4): 1715-24
Interaction of a liver-specific nuclear factor with the fibrinogen and alpha 1-antitrypsin promoters. Courtois G, Morgan JG, Campbell LA, Fourel G, Crabtree GR. Science. 1987; 238 (4827): 688-92