Mark M. Davis

Administrative Appointments

• The Burt and Marion Avery Family Professor of Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine , (2007– present )
• Director, Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine , (2004– present )
• Chair, Stanford University School of Medicine - Microbiology & Immunology , (2002– 2004 )

Honors and Awards

• Milton and Francis Clauser Doctoral Prize, Caltech (1981)
• Passano Young Scientist Award, Passano Foundation (1985)
• Eli Lilly Award in Microbiology and Immunology, American Society of Microbiology (1986)
• Howard Taylor Ricketts Award, University of Chicago (1988)
• Gairdner Prize, Gairdner Foundation (1989)
• Member, National Academy of Sciences (1993)
• King Faisal Prize, King Faisal Foundation (1995)
• General Motors Cancer Prize:Sloan Award, General Motors Cancer Fdn. (1996)
• Novartis Prize for Basic Immunology, International Union of Immunology Societies (1998)
• William B. Coley Award, Cancer Research Institute (2000)
• Pius XI Award, Pontifical Academy of Sciences (2000)
• Newton-Abraham Visiting Professor, University of Oxford (2000-2001)
• The Burt and Marion Avery Professorship, Stanford University (2001-2006)
• The Rose Payne Award, American Society for Histoocommpatibility and Immunogenetics (2002)
• Ernst W. Bertner Award, M.D.Anderson Cancer Center/Univ. Texas (2003)
• Member, National Institute of Medicine (2004)
• Paul Ehrlich Prize, Paul Ehrlich Foundation (2004)
• Distinguished Alumni Award, Caltech (2005)

Professional Education

• Ph. D., Caltech Molecular Biology (1981)
• B.A., The Johns Hopkins University Molecular Biology (1974)

Postdoctoral Advisees

• Peter Ebert, David Furman, Ofir Goldberger, Jun Huang, Evan Newell, Fleur Tynan, Jianming Xie

Graduate & Fellowship Program Affiliations

• Biophysics
• Immunology
• Microbiology and Immunology

Web Site Links

• http://cmgm.stanford.edu/hhmi/mdavis

Industry Relationships

Stanford is committed to ethical and transparent interactions with our industry partners. It is our policy to disclose payments of $5,000 or more, equity valued at $5,000 or more in a publicly traded company, or any equity in a privately held company, to physicians and scientists employed by Stanford University from companies or other commercial entities with which they interact as part of their professional activities. 

• Consulting: Affymetrix, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Novartis

Research Interests

We are interested in the molecular basis of T and B lymphocyte recognition, as well as the control of differentiation and functional responses in these cells. In particular, we have studied the biochemical basis of T cell receptor binding to antigen/MHC complexes and find that the strength of the interactions is a very good predictor of what the resulting T cell response will be. We also find that T cell receptor-peptide/ MHC complexes have an inherent ability to form oligomers and that this could be part of the ‘trigger’ for T cell activation. One spin-off of these biochemical studies has been the development of tetrameric peptide/MHC reagents which have proven to be generally useful for staining and characterizing antigen-specific T cells in complex mixtures of lymphocytes (i.e. McMichael and Callaghan, J. Exp. Med., 187:1367-1371, 1998). Among other things, we have used these tetramers to follow tumor specific T cells in patients with Melanoma and other cancers. In one patient where we see a substantial number of CD8+ T cells specific for a tumor antigen, the cells have no cytolytic activity and thus seem to have been ‘anergized’ by the tumor. We are now working with a number of groups that have developed different vaccination strategies to determine which strategies are best able to produce a useful response.

Another important aspect of T cell recognition that is something of a ‘black box’ is the mystery of what actually happens on the surface of T cell while it is surveying an antigen presenting cell. To investigate this we have made a large series of green fluorescent protein tagged cell surface molecules, expressed them in B or T lymphocytes and followed their movements using multi-color video microscopy. Thus far we find that many key molecules (ICAM-1, CD48, class II, MHC) on the B cell cluster to the interface with a T cell within seconds after the first rise in internal calcium (in the T cell) and the corresponding movement of complimentary membrane molecules on the T cell may be a key factor in the phenomenon of co-stimulation. That is, the augmentation of T cell responses that is characteristic of responses triggered in T cells when B cells, dendritic cells, or macrophages are the antigen presenting cells. Some of these videos can be seen at http://cmgm.stanford.edu/hhmi/mdavis.

Another area of interest is the structural basis of T cell receptor or antibody binding to their respective antigen/MHC or antigenic ligands. For some years we have noted the extreme sequence diversity in the V(D)-J regions of T cell receptors (the CDR3 loops) and proposed that these sequences are primarily responsible for peptide recognition. Recent X-ray structural analysis and other studies support this contention and suggest that the equivalent diverse CDR3 loops in immunoglobulins also play a key role in specificity determination.

Publications

• Simultaneous detection of many T-cell specificities using combinatorial tetramer staining. Newell EW,  Klein LO, Yu W, Davis MM.  Nat Methods.  2009; 6 (7): 497-9
• An endogenous positively selecting peptide enhances mature T cell responses and becomes an autoantigen in the absence of microRNA miR-181a. Ebert PJ,  Jiang S, Xie J, Li QJ, Davis MM.  Nat Immunol.  2009; 10 (11): 1162-9
• Towards a cytokine-cell interaction knowledgebase of the adaptive immune system. Shen-Orr SS,  Goldberger O, Garten Y, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Lovelace PA, Hirschberg DL, Altman RB, Davis MM, Butte AJ.  Pac Symp Biocomput.  2009; 439-50
• Thymic selection determines gammadelta T cell effector fate: antigen-naive cells make interleukin-17 and antigen-experienced cells make interferon gamma. Jensen KD,  Su X, Shin S, Li L, Youssef S, Yamasaki S, Steinman L, Saito T, Locksley RM, Davis MM, Baumgarth N, Chien YH.  Immunity.  2008; 29 (1): 90-100
• Immunosuppressive therapy mitigates immunological rejection of human embryonic stem cell xenografts. Swijnenburg RJ,  Schrepfer S, Govaert JA, Cao F, Ransohoff K, Sheikh AY, Haddad M, Connolly AJ, Davis MM, Robbins RC, Wu JC.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  2008; 105 (35): 12991-6
• Low ligand requirement for deletion and lack of synapses in positive selection enforce the gauntlet of thymic T cell maturation. Ebert PJ,  Ehrlich LI, Davis MM.  Immunity.  2008; 29 (5): 734-45
• The safety on the TCR trigger. Kuhns MS,  Davis MM.  Cell.  2008; 135 (4): 594-6
• miR-181a is an intrinsic modulator of T cell sensitivity and selection. Li QJ,  Chau J, Ebert PJ, Sylvester G, Min H, Liu G, Braich R, Manoharan M, Soutschek J, Skare P, Klein LO, Davis MM, Chen CZ.  Cell.  2007; 129 (1): 147-61
• T cells as a self-referential, sensory organ. Davis MM,  Krogsgaard M, Huse M, Huppa J, Lillemeier BF, Li QJ.  Annu Rev Immunol.  2007; 25 681-95
• Disruption of extracellular interactions impairs T cell receptor-CD3 complex stability and signaling. Kuhns MS,  Davis MM.  Immunity.  2007; 26 (3): 357-69
• Spatial and temporal dynamics of T cell receptor signaling with a photoactivatable agonist. Huse M,  Klein LO, Girvin AT, Faraj JM, Li QJ, Kuhns MS, Davis MM.  Immunity.  2007; 27 (1): 76-88
• Structural insight into pre-B cell receptor function. Bankovich AJ,  Raunser S, Juo ZS, Walz T, Davis MM, Garcia KC.  Science.  2007; 316 (5822): 291-4
• Blimp-1 over Budapest. Davis MM,  Nat Immunol.  2007; 8 (5): 445-7
• The alphabeta T cell repertoire comes into focus. Davis MM,  Immunity.  2007; 27 (2): 179-80
• Molecular and functional analysis using live cell microarrays. Chen DS,  Davis MM.  Curr Opin Chem Biol.  2006; 10 (1): 28-34
• T cells use two directionally distinct pathways for cytokine secretion. Huse M,  Lillemeier BF, Kuhns MS, Chen DS, Davis MM.  Nat Immunol.  2006; 7 (3): 247-55
• Deconstructing the form and function of the TCR/CD3 complex. Kuhns MS,  Davis MM, Garcia KC.  Immunity.  2006; 24 (2): 133-9
• Plasma membrane-associated proteins are clustered into islands attached to the cytoskeleton. Lillemeier BF,  Pfeiffer JR, Surviladze Z, Wilson BS, Davis MM.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  2006; 103 (50): 18992-7
• Marked differences in human melanoma antigen-specific T cell responsiveness after vaccination using a functional microarray. Chen DS,  Soen Y, Stuge TB, Lee PP, Weber JS, Brown PO, Davis MM.  PLoS Med.  2005; 2 (10): e265
• Deformable modeling for improved calculation of molecular velocities from single-particle tracking. Kasson PM,  Davis MM, Brunger AT.  Proc IEEE Comput Syst Bioinform Conf.  2005; 208-11
• Quantitative imaging of lymphocyte membrane protein reorganization and signaling. Kasson PM,  Huppa JB, Krogsgaard M, Davis MM, Brunger AT.  Biophys J.  2005; 88 (1): 579-89
• How T cells 'see' antigen. Krogsgaard M,  Davis MM.  Nat Immunol.  2005; 6 (3): 239-45
• A hybrid machine-learning approach for segmentation of protein localization data. Kasson PM,  Huppa JB, Davis MM, Brunger AT.  Bioinformatics.  2005; 21 (19): 3778-86
• Cellular immunotherapy: antigen recognition is just the beginning. Chen DS,  Davis MM.  Springer Semin Immunopathol.  2005; 27 (1): 119-27
• Agonist/endogenous peptide-MHC heterodimers drive T cell activation and sensitivity. Krogsgaard M,  Li QJ, Sumen C, Huppa JB, Huse M, Davis MM.  Nature.  2005; 434 (7030): 238-43
• T cell killing does not require the formation of a stable mature immunological synapse. Purbhoo MA,  Irvine DJ, Huppa JB, Davis MM.  Nat Immunol.  2004; 5 (5): 524-30
• Modular nature of Blimp-1 in the regulation of gene expression during B cell maturation. Sciammas R,  Davis MM.  J Immunol.  2004; 172 (9): 5427-40
• CD4 enhances T cell sensitivity to antigen by coordinating Lck accumulation at the immunological synapse. Li QJ,  Dinner AR, Qi S, Irvine DJ, Huppa JB, Davis MM, Chakraborty AK.  Nat Immunol.  2004; 5 (8): 791-9
• Prevention of type I diabetes transfer by glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 peptide 206-220-specific T cells. Kim SK,  Tarbell KV, Sanna M, Vadeboncoeur M, Warganich T, Lee M, Davis M, McDevitt HO.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  2004; 101 (39): 14204-9
• T cell receptor antagonism interferes with MHC clustering and integrin patterning during immunological synapse formation. Sumen C,  Dustin ML, Davis MM.  J Cell Biol.  2004; 166 (4): 579-90
• The evolutionary and structural 'logic' of antigen receptor diversity. Davis MM,  Semin Immunol.  2004; 16 (4): 239-43
• Linking molecular and cellular events in T-cell activation and synapse formation. Krogsgaard M,  Huppa JB, Purbhoo MA, Davis MM.  Semin Immunol.  2003; 15 (6): 307-15
• Detection and characterization of cellular immune responses using peptide-MHC microarrays. Soen Y,  Chen DS, Kraft DL, Davis MM, Brown PO.  PLoS Biol.  2003; 1 (3): E65
• Evidence that structural rearrangements and/or flexibility during TCR binding can contribute to T cell activation. Krogsgaard M,  Prado N, Adams EJ, He XL, Chow DC, Wilson DB, Garcia KC, Davis MM.  Mol Cell.  2003; 12 (6): 1367-78
• T-cell-antigen recognition and the immunological synapse. Huppa JB,  Davis MM.  Nat Rev Immunol.  2003; 3 (12): 973-83
• Dynamics of cell surface molecules during T cell recognition. Davis MM,  Krogsgaard M, Huppa JB, Sumen C, Purbhoo MA, Irvine DJ, Wu LC, Ehrlich L.  Annu Rev Biochem.  2003; 72 717-42
• Continuous T cell receptor signaling required for synapse maintenance and full effector potential. Huppa JB,  Gleimer M, Sumen C, Davis MM.  Nat Immunol.  2003; 4 (8): 749-55
• Dynamics of p56lck translocation to the T cell immunological synapse following agonist and antagonist stimulation. Ehrlich LI,  Ebert PJ, Krummel MF, Weiss A, Davis MM.  Immunity.  2002; 17 (6): 809-22
• Quantifying signaling-induced reorientation of T cell receptors during immunological synapse formation. Moss WC,  Irvine DJ, Davis MM, Krummel MF.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  2002; 99 (23): 15024-9
• A blood-borne antigen induces rapid T-B cell contact: a potential mechanism for tolerance induction. Gütgemann I,  Darling JM, Greenberg HB, Davis MM, Chien YH.  Immunology.  2002; 107 (4): 420-5
• Direct observation of ligand recognition by T cells. Irvine DJ,  Purbhoo MA, Krogsgaard M, Davis MM.  Nature.  2002; 419 (6909): 845-9
• Identification of Epstein-Barr virus-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in the circulation of pediatric transplant recipients. Falco DA,  Nepomuceno RR, Krams SM, Lee PP, Davis MM, Salvatierra O, Alexander SR, Esquivel CO, Cox KL, Frankel LR, Martinez OM.  Transplantation.  2002; 74 (4): 501-10
• CD4(+) T cells from glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)65-specific T cell receptor transgenic mice are not diabetogenic and can delay diabetes transfer. Tarbell KV,  Lee M, Ranheim E, Chao CC, Sanna M, Kim SK, Dickie P, Teyton L, Davis M, McDevitt H.  J Exp Med.  2002; 196 (4): 481-92
• Costimulation and endogenous MHC ligands contribute to T cell recognition. Wülfing C,  Sumen C, Sjaastad MD, Wu LC, Dustin ML, Davis MM.  Nat Immunol.  2002; 3 (1): 42-7
• Imaging synapse formation during thymocyte selection: inability of CD3zeta to form a stable central accumulation during negative selection. Richie LI,  Ebert PJ, Wu LC, Krummel MF, Owen JJ, Davis MM.  Immunity.  2002; 16 (4): 595-606
• Restricted islet-cell reactive T cell repertoire of early pancreatic islet infiltrates in NOD mice. Baker FJ,  Lee M, Chien YH, Davis MM.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  2002; 99 (14): 9374-9
• Two-step binding mechanism for T-cell receptor recognition of peptide MHC. Wu LC,  Tuot DS, Lyons DS, Garcia KC, Davis MM.  Nature.  2002; 418 (6897): 552-6
• A new trigger for T cells. Davis MM,  Cell.  2002; 110 (3): 285-7
• Attributes of gammadelta intraepithelial lymphocytes as suggested by their transcriptional profile. Fahrer AM,  Konigshofer Y, Kerr EM, Ghandour G, Mack DH, Davis MM, Chien YH.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  2001; 98 (18): 10261-6
• Altered peptide ligand vaccination with Flt3 ligand expanded dendritic cells for tumor immunotherapy. Fong L,  Hou Y, Rivas A, Benike C, Yuen A, Fisher GA, Davis MM, Engleman EG.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  2001; 98 (15): 8809-14
• A kinetic window constricts the T cell receptor repertoire in the thymus. Savage PA,  Davis MM.  Immunity.  2001; 14 (3): 243-52
• Direct functional analysis of epitope-specific CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood. He XS,  Rehermann B, Boisvert J, Mumm J, Maecker HT, Roederer M, Wright TL, Maino VC, Davis MM, Greenberg HB.  Viral Immunol.  2001; 14 (1): 59-69
• A kinetic window shapes the T cell receptor repertoire in the thymus M.M. Davis.,  Savage, P.A.,.  Immunity.  2001;
• Diversity in the CDR3 region of V(H) is sufficient for most antibody specificities. Xu JL,  Davis MM.  Immunity.  2000; 13 (1): 37-45
• Thirty-six views of T-cell recognition. Krummel M,  Wülfing C, Sumen C, Davis MM.  Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.  2000; 355 (1400): 1071-6
• How to ask questions (in 10 easy steps) Davis MM,  Curr Biol.  2000; 10 (21): R771
• The vav exchange factor is an essential regulator in actin-dependent receptor translocation to the lymphocyte-antigen-presenting cell interface. Wülfing C,  Bauch A, Crabtree GR, Davis MM.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  2000; 97 (18): 10150-5
• Differential Clustering of CD4 and CD3z during T Cell Recognition M.M. Davis.,  Krummel, M.F., M. Sjaastad,C. Wülfing,.  Science.  2000;
• Differential clustering of CD4 and CD3zeta during T cell recognition. Krummel MF,  Sjaastad MD, Wülfing C, Davis MM.  Science.  2000; 289 (5483): 1349-52
• Determination of the relationship between T cell responsiveness and the number of MHC-peptide complexes using specific monoclonal antibodies. Reay PA,  Matsui K, Haase K, Wulfing C, Chien YH, Davis MM.  J Immunol.  2000; 164 (11): 5626-34
• Kinetics of peptide binding to the class II MHC protein I-Ek. Kasson PM,  Rabinowitz JD, Schmitt L, Davis MM, McConnell HM.  Biochemistry.  2000; 39 (5): 1048-58
• Visualizing T-cell recognition. Davis MM,  Wülfing C, Krummel MF, Savage PA, Xu J, Sumen C, Dustin ML, Chien YH.  Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol.  1999; 64 243-51
• Thermodynamics of T cell receptor binding to peptide-MHC: evidence for a general mechanism of molecular scanning. Boniface JJ,  Reich Z, Lyons DS, Davis MM.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  1999; 96 (20): 11446-51
• Negative selection of T cells occurs throughout thymic development. Baldwin KK,  Trenchak BP, Altman JD, Davis MM.  J Immunol.  1999; 163 (2): 689-98
• Characterization of circulating T cells specific for tumor-associated antigens in melanoma patients. Lee PP,  Yee C, Savage PA, Fong L, Brockstedt D, Weber JS, Johnson D, Swetter S, Thompson J, Greenberg PD, Roederer M, Davis MM.  Nat Med.  1999; 5 (6): 677-85
• Catalysis of peptide dissociation from class II MHC-peptide complexes. Schmitt L,  Kratz JR, Davis MM, McConnell HM.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  1999; 96 (12): 6581-6
• Quantitative analysis of hepatitis C virus-specific CD8(+) T cells in peripheral blood and liver using peptide-MHC tetramers. He XS,  Rehermann B, López-Labrador FX, Boisvert J, Cheung R, Mumm J, Wedemeyer H, Berenguer M, Wright TL, Davis MM, Greenberg HB.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  1999; 96 (10): 5692-7
• Visualizing lymphocyte recognition. Wülfing C,  Chien YH, Davis MM.  Immunol Cell Biol.  1999; 77 (2): 186-7
• A kinetic basis for T cell receptor repertoire selection during an immune response. Savage PA,  Boniface JJ, Davis MM.  Immunity.  1999; 10 (4): 485-92
• Frequency of class I HLA-restricted anti-HIV CD8+ T cells in individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Gray CM,  Lawrence J, Schapiro JM, Altman JD, Winters MA, Crompton M, Loi M, Kundu SK, Davis MM, Merigan TC.  J Immunol.  1999; 162 (3): 1780-8
• Conformational isomers of a class II MHC-peptide complex in solution. Schmitt L,  Boniface JJ, Davis MM, McConnell HM.  J Mol Biol.  1999; 286 (1): 207-18
• A T cell receptor-specific blockade of positive selection. Baldwin KK,  Reay PA, Wu L, Farr A, Davis MM.  J Exp Med.  1999; 189 (1): 13-24
• A receptor/cytoskeletal movement triggered by costimulation during T cell activation. Wülfing C,  Davis MM.  Science.  1998; 282 (5397): 2266-9
• Formation of a highly peptide-receptive state of class II MHC. Rabinowitz JD,  Vrljic M, Kasson PM, Liang MN, Busch R, Boniface JJ, Davis MM, McConnell HM.  Immunity.  1998; 9 (5): 699-709
• Kinetic isomers of a class II MHC-peptide complex. Schmitt L,  Boniface JJ, Davis MM, McConnell HM.  Biochemistry.  1998; 37 (50): 17371-80
• Initiation of signal transduction through the T cell receptor requires the multivalent engagement of peptide/MHC ligands [corrected] Boniface JJ,  Rabinowitz JD, Wülfing C, Hampl J, Reich Z, Altman JD, Kantor RM, Beeson C, McConnell HM, Davis MM.  Immunity.  1998; 9 (4): 459-66
• Differential effect of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein (Blimp-1) expression on cell fate during B cell development. Messika EJ,  Lu PS, Sung YJ, Yao T, Chi JT, Chien YH, Davis MM.  J Exp Med.  1998; 188 (3): 515-25
• Induction of rapid T cell activation and tolerance by systemic presentation of an orally administered antigen. Gütgemann I,  Fahrer AM, Altman JD, Davis MM, Chien YH.  Immunity.  1998; 8 (6): 667-73
• Visualizing the dynamics of T cell activation: intracellular adhesion molecule 1 migrates rapidly to the T cell/B cell interface and acts to sustain calcium levels. Wülfing C,  Sjaastad MD, Davis MM.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  1998; 95 (11): 6302-7
• Ligand recognition by alpha beta T cell receptors. Davis MM,  Boniface JJ, Reich Z, Lyons D, Hampl J, Arden B, Chien Y.  Annu Rev Immunol.  1998; 16 523-44
• A range of CD4 T cell tolerance: partial inactivation to organ-specific antigen allows nondestructive thyroiditis or insulitis. Akkaraju S,  Ho WY, Leong D, Canaan K, Davis MM, Goodnow CC.  Immunity.  1997; 7 (2): 255-71
• CD4 augments the response of a T cell to agonist but not to antagonist ligands. Hampl J,  Chien YH, Davis MM.  Immunity.  1997; 7 (3): 379-85
• Ligand-specific oligomerization of T-cell receptor molecules. Reich Z,  Boniface JJ, Lyons DS, Borochov N, Wachtel EJ, Davis MM.  Nature.  1997; 387 (6633): 617-20
• T cell receptor biochemistry, repertoire selection and general features of TCR and Ig structure. Davis MM,  Lyons DS, Altman JD, McHeyzer-Williams M, Hampl J, Boniface JJ, Chien Y.  Ciba Found Symp.  1997; 204 94-100; discussion 100-4
• Stability of empty and peptide-loaded class II major histocompatibility complex molecules at neutral and endosomal pH: comparison to class I proteins. Reich Z,  Altman JD, Boniface JJ, Lyons DS, Kozono H, Ogg G, Morgan C, Davis MM.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  1997; 94 (6): 2495-500
• Kinetics and extent of T cell activation as measured with the calcium signal. Wülfing C,  Rabinowitz JD, Beeson C, Sjaastad MD, McConnell HM, Davis MM.  J Exp Med.  1997; 185 (10): 1815-25
• Phenotypic analysis of antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Altman JD,  Moss PA, Goulder PJ, Barouch DH, McHeyzer-Williams MG, Bell JI, McMichael AJ, Davis MM.  Science.  1996; 274 (5284): 94-6
• Altered T cell receptor ligands trigger a subset of early T cell signals. Rabinowitz JD,  Beeson C, Wülfing C, Tate K, Allen PM, Davis MM, McConnell HM.  Immunity.  1996; 5 (2): 125-35
• Early biochemical signals arise from low affinity TCR-ligand reactions at the cell-cell interface. Beeson C,  Rabinowitz J, Tate K, Gütgemann I, Chien YH, Jones PP, Davis MM, McConnell HM.  J Exp Med.  1996; 184 (2): 777-82
• A TCR binds to antagonist ligands with lower affinities and faster dissociation rates than to agonists. Lyons DS,  Lieberman SA, Hampl J, Boniface JJ, Chien Y, Berg LJ, Davis MM.  Immunity.  1996; 5 (1): 53-61
• Kinetic discrimination in T-cell activation. Rabinowitz JD,  Beeson C, Lyons DS, Davis MM, McConnell HM.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  1996; 93 (4): 1401-5
• Evolving catalysts in real time. Davis MM,  Science.  1996; 271 (5252): 1078-9
• Technophilia. Davis MM,  Curr Opin Immunol.  1996; 8 (2): 255-6
• Evidence for a conformational change in a class II major histocompatibility complex molecule occurring in the same pH range where antigen binding is enhanced. Boniface JJ,  Lyons DS, Wettstein DA, Allbritton NL, Davis MM.  J Exp Med.  1996; 183 (1): 119-26
• T-cell receptor V-region usage and antigen specificity. The cytochrome c model system. Davis MM,  McHeyzer-Williams M, Chien YH.  Ann N Y Acad Sci.  1995; 756 1-11
• CD95 (Fas)-dependent elimination of self-reactive B cells upon interaction with CD4+ T cells. Rathmell JC,  Cooke MP, Ho WY, Grein J, Townsend SE, Davis MM, Goodnow CC.  Nature.  1995; 376 (6536): 181-4
• T-cell recognition of antigen. A process controlled by transient intermolecular interactions. Boniface JJ,  Davis MM.  Ann N Y Acad Sci.  1995; 766 62-9
• Issues concerning the nature of antigen recognition by alpha beta and gamma delta T-cell receptors. Davis MM,  Chien Y.  Immunol Today.  1995; 16 (7): 316-8
• Antigen-specific development of primary and memory T cells in vivo. McHeyzer-Williams MG,  Davis MM.  Science.  1995; 268 (5207): 106-11
• CDR3 length in antigen-specific immune receptors. Rock EP,  Sibbald PR, Davis MM, Chien YH.  J Exp Med.  1994; 179 (1): 323-8
• The nature of major histocompatibility complex recognition by gamma delta T cells. Schild H,  Mavaddat N, Litzenberger C, Ehrich EW, Davis MM, Bluestone JA, Matis L, Draper RK, Chien YH.  Cell.  1994; 76 (1): 29-37
• Use of global amino acid replacements to define the requirements for MHC binding and T cell recognition of moth cytochrome c (93-103). Reay PA,  Kantor RM, Davis MM.  J Immunol.  1994; 152 (8): 3946-57
• Blimp-1, a novel zinc finger-containing protein that can drive the maturation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulin-secreting cells. Turner CA,  Mack DH, Davis MM.  Cell.  1994; 77 (2): 297-306
• Resting and anergic B cells are defective in CD28-dependent costimulation of naive CD4+ T cells. Ho WY,  Cooke MP, Goodnow CC, Davis MM.  J Exp Med.  1994; 179 (5): 1539-49
• Kinetics of T-cell receptor binding to peptide/I-Ek complexes: correlation of the dissociation rate with T-cell responsiveness. Matsui K,  Boniface JJ, Steffner P, Reay PA, Davis MM.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  1994; 91 (26): 12862-6
• Transfer of putative complementarity-determining region loops of T cell receptor V domains confers toxin reactivity but not peptide/MHC specificity. Patten PA,  Rock EP, Sonoda T, Fazekas de St Groth B, Jorgensen JL, Davis MM.  J Immunol.  1993; 150 (6): 2281-94
• T cell receptor interaction with peptide/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and superantigen/MHC ligands is dominated by antigen. Ehrich EW,  Devaux B, Rock EP, Jorgensen JL, Davis MM, Chien YH.  J Exp Med.  1993; 178 (2): 713-22
• Activation and differentiation requirements of primary T cells in vitro. Sagerström CG,  Kerr EM, Allison JP, Davis MM.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  1993; 90 (19): 8987-91
• Formation of functional peptide complexes of class II major histocompatibility complex proteins from subunits produced in Escherichia coli. Altman JD,  Reay PA, Davis MM.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  1993; 90 (21): 10330-4
• pH affects both the mechanism and the specificity of peptide binding to a class II major histocompatibility complex molecule. Boniface JJ,  Allbritton NL, Reay PA, Kantor RM, Stryer L, Davis MM.  Biochemistry.  1993; 32 (44): 11761-8
• How alpha beta T-cell receptors 'see' peptide/MHC complexes. Chien YH,  Davis MM.  Immunol Today.  1993; 14 (12): 597-602
• Topology and affinity of T-cell receptor mediated recognition of peptide-MHC complexes. Davis MM,  Chien Y.  Curr Opin Immunol.  1993; 5 (1): 45-9
• Mapping T-cell receptor-peptide contacts by variant peptide immunization of single-chain transgenics. Jorgensen JL,  Esser U, Fazekas de St Groth B, Reay PA, Davis MM.  Nature.  1992; 355 (6357): 224-30
• pH dependence and exchange of high and low responder peptides binding to a class II MHC molecule. Reay PA,  Wettstein DA, Davis MM.  EMBO J.  1992; 11 (8): 2829-39
• Molecular components of T-cell recognition. Jorgensen JL,  Reay PA, Ehrich EW, Davis MM.  Annu Rev Immunol.  1992; 10 835-73
• Generation of monoclonal antibodies against soluble human T cell receptor polypeptides. Devaux B,  Bjorkman PJ, Stevenson C, Greif W, Elliott JF, Sagerström C, Clayberger C, Krensky AM, Davis MM.  Eur J Immunol.  1991; 21 (9): 2111-9
• Low affinity interaction of peptide-MHC complexes with T cell receptors. Matsui K,  Boniface JJ, Reay PA, Schild H, Fazekas de St Groth B, Davis MM.  Science.  1991; 254 (5039): 1788-91
• A gamma/delta cell receptor heterodimer induces the expression of CD4 and CD8 in thymocytes. Iwashima M,  Davis MM, Chien YH.  J Exp Med.  1991; 174 (1): 293-6
• Expression of a fetal gamma delta T-cell receptor in adult mice triggers a non-MHC-linked form of selective depletion. Iwashima M,  Green A, Bonyhadi M, Davis MM, Allison JP, Chien YH.  Int Immunol.  1991; 3 (4): 385-93
• Expression of a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) heterodimer in a lipid-linked form with enhanced peptide/soluble MHC complex formation at low pH. Wettstein DA,  Boniface JJ, Reay PA, Schild H, Davis MM.  J Exp Med.  1991; 174 (1): 219-28
• Expression of T cell antigen receptor heterodimers in a lipid-linked form. Lin AY,  Devaux B, Green A, Sagerström C, Elliott JF, Davis MM.  Science.  1990; 249 (4969): 677-9
• T-lymphocyte-antigen interactions in transplant rejection. Krensky AM,  Weiss A, Crabtree G, Davis MM, Parham P.  N Engl J Med.  1990; 322 (8): 510-7
• The effects of MHC gene dosage and allelic variation on T cell receptor selection. Berg LJ,  Frank GD, Davis MM.  Cell.  1990; 60 (6): 1043-53
• T cell receptor gene diversity and selection. Davis MM,  Annu Rev Biochem.  1990; 59 475-96
• A model for T cell receptor and MHC/peptide interaction. Davis MM,  Bjorkman PJ.  Adv Exp Med Biol.  1989; 254 13-6
• Polymerase chain reaction with single-sided specificity: analysis of T cell receptor delta chain. Loh EY,  Elliott JF, Cwirla S, Lanier LL, Davis MM.  Science.  1989; 243 (4888): 217-20
• The XLR gene product defines a novel set of proteins stabilized in the nucleus by zinc ions. Garchon HJ,  Davis MM.  J Cell Biol.  1989; 108 (3): 779-87
• A possible basis for major histocompatibility complex-restricted T-cell recognition. Davis MM,  Chien YH, Bjorkman PJ, Elliott JF, Iwashima M, Rock EP, Patten PA.  Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.  1989; 323 (1217): 521-4
• The XLR sequence family: dispersion on the X and Y chromosomes of a large set of closely related sequences, most of which are pseudogenes. Garchon HJ,  Loh E, Ho WY, Amar L, Avner P, Davis MM.  Nucleic Acids Res.  1989; 17 (23): 9871-88
• T-cell development in T cell receptor alphabeta transgenic mice. Berg LJ,  Davis MM.  Semin Immunol.  1989; 1 (2): 105-16
• Antigen/MHC-specific T cells are preferentially exported from the thymus in the presence of their MHC ligand. Berg LJ,  Pullen AM, Fazekas de St Groth B, Mathis D, Benoist C, Davis MM.  Cell.  1989; 58 (6): 1035-46
• TCR recognition and selection in vivo. Davis MM,  Berg LJ, Lin AY, Fazekas de St Groth B, Devaux B, Sagerstrom CG, Bjorkman PJ, Elliott JF.  Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol.  1989; 54 Pt 1 119-28
• Phenotypic differences between alpha beta versus beta T-cell receptor transgenic mice undergoing negative selection. Berg LJ,  Fazekas de St Groth B, Pullen AM, Davis MM.  Nature.  1989; 340 (6234): 559-62
• The adult T-cell receptor delta-chain is diverse and distinct from that of fetal thymocytes. Elliott JF,  Rock EP, Patten PA, Davis MM, Chien YH.  Nature.  1988; 331 (6157): 627-31
• T cell receptor beta-chain genes in BW5147 and other AKR tumors. Deletion order of murine V beta gene segments and possible 5' regulatory regions. Lee NE,  Davis MM.  J Immunol.  1988; 140 (5): 1665-75
• Molecular genetics of T-cell antigen receptors. Davis MM,  Hosp Pract (Off Ed).  1988; 23 (5): 157-64, 169-70
• A human T cell-specific molecule is a member of a new gene family. Schall TJ,  Jongstra J, Dyer BJ, Jorgensen J, Clayberger C, Davis MM, Krensky AM.  J Immunol.  1988; 141 (3): 1018-25
• The in vitro translation product of the murine lambda 5 gene contains a functional signal peptide. Jongstra J,  Jongstra-Bilen J, Tidmarsh GF, Davis MM.  Mol Immunol.  1988; 25 (8): 687-93
• Variable region (V delta) gene segment most frequently utilized in adult thymocytes is 3' of the constant (C delta) region. Iwashima M,  Green A, Davis MM, Chien YH.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  1988; 85 (21): 8161-5
• Expression of T-cell receptor alpha-chain genes in transgenic mice. Berg LJ,  Fazekas de St Groth B, Ivars F, Goodnow CC, Gilfillan S, Garchon HJ, Davis MM.  Mol Cell Biol.  1988; 8 (12): 5459-69
• T-cell antigen receptor genes and T-cell recognition. Davis MM,  Bjorkman PJ.  Nature.  1988; 334 (6181): 395-402
• T-cell receptor delta gene rearrangements in early thymocytes. Chien YH,  Iwashima M, Wettstein DA, Kaplan KB, Elliott JF, Born W, Davis MM.  Nature.  1987 Dec 24-31; 330 (6150): 722-7
• Identification and sequence of a fourth human T cell antigen receptor chain. Loh EY,  Lanier LL, Turck CW, Littman DR, Davis MM, Chien YH, Weiss A.  Nature.  1987 Dec 10-16; 330 (6148): 569-72
• Organization of the T-cell antigen-receptor beta-chain locus in mice. Lindsten T,  Lee NE, Davis MM.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.  1987; 84 (21): 7639-43
• Rearrangement and expression of T cell receptor genes in cloned murine natural suppressor cell lines. Hertel-Wulff B,  Lindsten T, Schwadron R, Gilbert DM, Davis MM, Strober S.  J Exp Med.  1987; 166 (4): 1168-73