Christos E. Constantinou

Honors and Awards

• International Prize for Outstanding Contribution to Urology, CE Alken, Swizterland (1977)

Professional Education

• PhD, Stanford University Biomedical Engineering (1973)
• MS, Stanford University Biomedical Engineering (1968)

Research Interests

1. Pharmacologic methods in identifying alpha adrenergic receptors in the obstructed urinary tract.
2. Fluid mechanics and physiological mechanisms of contractility in the urinary tract.
3. Biomedical Engineering approaches in the characterization of static and dynamic properties of soft tissues.
4. Image processing and 3D reconstruction of magnetic resonance.
5. Computer models and vector analysis of pelvin floor musculature.
6. Software for interactive teaching.

Publications

• Tactile resonance sensors in medicine. Lindahl OA,  Constantinou CE, Eklund A, Murayama Y, Hallberg P, Omata S.  J Med Eng Technol.  2009; 33 (4): 263-73
• Dynamics of female pelvic floor function using urodynamics, ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Constantinou CE,  Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol.  2009; 144 Suppl 1 S159-65
• Re: Rosario DJ, Woo HH, Chapple CR. 2008. Definition of normality of pressure-flow parameters based on observations in asymptomatic men. Neurourol and Urodynam 27:388-394. Constantinou CE,  Djurhuus JC.  Neurourol Urodyn.  2009;
• Mechanisms of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function and the Effect on the Urethra during a Cough. Lovegrove Jones RC,  Peng Q, Stokes M, Humphrey VF, Payne C, Constantinou CE.  Eur Urol.  2009;
• Visualization of biomechanical properties of female pelvic floor function using video motion tracking of ultrasound imaging. Rahmanian S,  Jones R, Peng Q, Constantinou CE.  Stud Health Technol Inform.  2008; 132 390-5
• Influence of pelvic floor muscle contraction on the profile of vaginal closure pressure in continent and stress urinary incontinent women. Shishido K,  Peng Q, Jones R, Omata S, Constantinou CE.  J Urol.  2008; 179 (5): 1917-22
• Ultrasound evaluation of dynamic responses of female pelvic floor muscles. Peng Q,  Jones R, Shishido K, Constantinou CE.  Ultrasound Med Biol.  2007; 33 (3): 342-52
• Changes in levator ani anatomical configuration following physiotherapy in women with stress urinary incontinence. Dumoulin C,  Peng Q, Stodkilde-Jorgensen H, Shishido K, Constantinou C.  J Urol.  2007; 178 (3 Pt 1): 970-7; quiz 1129
• High resolution regional elasticity mapping of the human prostate. Murayama Y,  Omata S, Yajima T, Peng Q, Shishido K, Peehl DM, Constantinou CE.  Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc.  2007; 2007 5803-6
• Spatial distribution of vaginal closure pressures of continent and stress urinary incontinent women. Peng Q,  Jones R, Shishido K, Omata S, Constantinou CE.  Physiol Meas.  2007; 28 (11): 1429-50
• A critical review of the pharmacology of the plant extract of Pygeum africanum in the treatment of LUTS. Edgar AD,  Levin R, Constantinou CE, Denis L.  Neurourol Urodyn.  2007; 26 (4): 458-63; discussion 464
• Evaluation of the dynamic responses of female pelvic floor using a novel vaginal probe. Constantinou CE,  Omata S, Yoshimura Y, Peng Q.  Ann N Y Acad Sci.  2007; 1101 297-315
• Direction sensitive sensor probe for the evaluation of voluntary and reflex pelvic floor contractions. Constantinou CE,  Omata S.  Neurourol Urodyn.  2007; 26 (3): 386-91
• 2D Ultrasound image processing in identifying responses of urogenital structures to pelvic floor muscle activity. Peng Q,  Jones RC, Constantinou CE.  Ann Biomed Eng.  2006; 34 (3): 477-93
• Remote sensing of mechanical properties of materials using a novel ultrasound transducer and signal processing. Murayama Y,  Constantinou CE, Omata S.  IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control.  2005; 52 (3): 439-44
• Multi-sensory surgical support system incorporating, tactile, visual and auditory perception modalities. Omata S,  Murayama Y, Constantinou CE.  Stud Health Technol Inform.  2005; 111 369-71
• Functional and anatomical effects of hormonally induced experimental prostate growth: a urodynamic model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the beagle. Yokota T,  Honda K, Tsuruya Y, Nomiya M, Yamaguchi O, Gotanda K, Constantinou CE.  Prostate.  2004; 58 (2): 156-63
• Development of a Novel Surgical Support Instrumentand Virtual System Incorporating Tactile Sensor Technology. Omata S,  Murayama Y, Constantinou CE.  TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS MMVR(12).  2004; MMVR (12): 288-290
• Development of a novel surgical support instrument and virtual system incorporating new tactile sensor technology. Omata S,  Murayama Y, Constantinou CE.  Stud Health Technol Inform.  2004; 98 288-90
• Real Time robotic sensor system for the determination of the physical properies of biomaterials Omata S,  Murayama Y, Constantinou CE.  Sensors and Actuators A.  2004; 112 278-285
• Effects of artificial obstruction on the function of the upper urinary tract of Guinea pigs, rats and pigs. Tillig B,  Mutschke O, Rolle U, Gaunitz U, Asmussen G, Constantinou CE.  Eur J Pediatr Surg.  2004; 14 (5): 303-15
• Micro-mechanical sensing platform for the characterization of the elastic properties of the ovum via uniaxial measurement. Murayama Y,  Constantinou CE, Omata S.  J Biomech.  2004; 37 (1): 67-72
• Comparative urodynamic patterns of bladder pressure, contractility and urine flow in man and rat during micturition. Schmidt F,  Yoshimura Y, Shin PY, Constantinou CE.  APMIS Suppl.  2003; (109): 39-44
• Effect of Pygeum africanum tadenan on micturition and prostate growth of the rat secondary to coadministered treatment and post-treatment with dihydrotestosterone. Yoshimura Y,  Yamaguchi O, Bellamy F, Constantinou CE.  Urology.  2003; 61 (2): 474-8
• Supraspinal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor inhibition influences the micturition reflex and function of the upper urinary tract of anesthetized and conscious rats. Tillig B,  Constantinou CE.  Neurourol Urodyn.  2003; 22 (2): 164-75
• Displacement sequence and elastic properties of anterior prostate/urethral interface during micturition of spinal cord injured men. Constantinou CE,  Damaser MS, Perkash I.  Ultrasound Med Biol.  2002; 28 (9): 1157-63
• Determining the displacement of the pelvic floor and pelvic organs during voluntary contractions using magnetic resonance imaging in younger and older women. Constantinou CE,  Hvistendahl G, Ryhammer A, Nagel LL, Djurhuus JC.  BJU Int.  2002; 90 (4): 408-14
• Urodynamic patterns of normal male micturition: influence of water consumption on urine production and detrusor function. Schmidt F,  Shin P, Jorgensen TM, Djurhuus JC, Constantinou CE.  J Urol.  2002; 168 (4 Pt 1): 1458-63
• Influence of gender on the diurnal variation of urine production and micturition characteristics of the rat. Schmidt F,  Yoshimura Y, Ni RX, Kneesel S, Constantinou CE.  Neurourol Urodyn.  2001; 20 (3): 287-95
• Functional evaluation of Tadenan on micturition and experimental prostate growth induced with exogenous dihydrotestosterone. Choo MS,  Bellamy F, Constantinou CE.  Urology.  2000; 55 (2): 292-8
• Gender specificity of tolterodine on micturition and the diurnal variation of urine production of the conscious rat. Yoshimura Y,  Schmidt F, Constantinou CE.  BJU Int.  2000; 86 (7): 879-85
• Age dependent response to exogenous estrogen on micturition, contractility and cholinergic receptors of the rat bladder. Diep N,  Constantinou CE.  Life Sci.  1999; 64 (23): PL 279-89
• Effect of alpha1 adrenoceptor antagonist on the urodynamics of the upper and lower urinary tract of the male rat. Lee JZ,  Tillig B, Perkash I, Constantinou CE.  Neurourol Urodyn.  1998; 17 (3): 213-29
• Chronology and urodynamic characterization of micturition in neurohormonally induced experimental prostate growth in the rat. Lee JZ,  Omata S, Tillig B, Perkash I, Constantinou CE.  Neurourol Urodyn.  1998; 17 (1): 55-69
• Modulation of detrusor contraction strength and micturition characteristics by intrathecal baclofen in anesthetized rats. Watanabe T,  Perkash I, Constantinou CE.  J Urol.  1997; 157 (6): 2361-5
• Comparative analysis of bladder wall compliance based on cystometry and biosensor measurements during the micturition cycle of the rat. Watanabe T,  Omata S, Lee JZ, Constantinou CE.  Neurourol Urodyn.  1997; 16 (6): 567-81
• Analysis of the relative biomechanical effects of alpha 1 and alpha 2 antagonists in modifying the compliance of the prostate and micturition parameters of the hormonally manipulated male rat. Constantinou CE,  Omata S.  Neurourol Urodyn.  1996; 15 (1): 85-101
• Influence of hormone treatment on prostate growth and micturition characteristics of the rat. Constantinou CE,  Prostate.  1996; 29 (1): 30-5
• Analysis of pressure/flow characteristics in the female rat and their pharmacologic modulation. Watanabe T,  Constantinou CE.  Neurourol Urodyn.  1996; 15 (5): 513-27
• Videomicroscopic imaging of ureteral peristaltic function in rats during cystometry. Tillig B,  Constantinou CE.  J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods.  1996; 35 (4): 191-202
• Urethral pressures in the study of female incontinence Constantinou CE,  Christensen LL.  Female Urol..  1996; 119 115-131
• Modeling of micturition characteristics based on prostatic stiffness modulation induced using hormones and adrenergic antagonists. Sadao O,  Constantinou CE.  IEEE Trans Biomed Eng.  1995; 42 (8): 843-8
• Imaging of pelvic floor contractions using MRI. Christensen LL,  Djurhuus JC, Constantinou CE.  Neurourol Urodyn.  1995; 14 (3): 209-16
• MRI of voluntary pelvic floor contractions in healthy female volunteers Christensen LL,  jurhuus JC, Lewis MT, Dev P, Chase RA, Constantinou PS, Constantinou CE.  Intl. Urogynecol. J..  1995; 6 138-152
• New method for direct stiffness measurement of the corpora cavernosa. Hatzichristou DG,  Omata S, Constantinou CE.  Int J Impot Res.  1995; 7 (4): 221-31
• Prostate specific antigen as a predictor of an abnormal digital rectal examination. Lui PD,  Terris MK, Haney DJ, Constantinou CE, Stamey TA.  Br J Urol.  1994; 74 (3): 337-40
• The effect of alpha 2 agonists and antagonists on the lower urinary tract of the rat. Harada T,  Constantinou CE.  J Urol.  1993; 149 (1): 159-64
• The effect of bacteriuria on bladder and renal pelvic pressures in the rat. Issa MM,  Shortliffe LM, Constantinou CE.  J Urol.  1992; 148 (2 Pt 2): 559-63; discussion 564-5
• Renal pelvic pressure isolation from active and passive bladder pressures in the rat: the facilitating effect of urine flow rate. Harada T,  Constantinou CE.  Urol Int.  1992; 48 (3): 284-92
• Topological localization of the frequency and amplitude characteristics of the whole and segmented renal pelvis. Potjer RM,  Kimoto Y, Constantinou CE.  Urol Int.  1992; 48 (3): 278-83
• Pharmacologic treatment of detrusor incontinence with thiphenamil HCl. Constantinou CE,  Urol Int.  1992; 48 (1): 42-7
• Relaxant effect of thiphenamil HCl on upper urinary tract frequency of contraction of healthy asymptomatic volunteers. Constantinou CE,  Urol Int.  1992; 48 (1): 35-8
• Pharmacologic effect of thiphenamil HCl on lower urinary tract function of healthy asymptomatic volunteers. Constantinou CE,  Urol Int.  1992; 48 (3): 293-8
• Endothelium dependent relaxation of human corpus cavernosum by bradykinin. Kimoto Y,  Kumazawa J, Kessler R, Constantinou CE.  Jpn J Pharmacol.  1992; 58 Suppl 2 321P
• Relaxation mechanisms of antispasmodics papaverine and thiphenamil on the human corpus cavernosum. Kimoto Y,  Kumazawa J, Kessler R, Constantinou CE.  Jpn J Pharmacol.  1992; 58 Suppl 2 384P
• Rapid evaluation of the efficacy of pharmacologic agents and their analogs in enhancing bladder capacity and reducing the voiding frequency. Harada T,  Levounis P, Constantinou CE.  J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods.  1992; 27 (2): 119-26
• Impact of radical prostatectomy on the characteristics of bladder and urethra. Constantinou CE,  Freiha FS.  J Urol.  1992; 148 (4): 1215-9; discussion 1219-20
• Flow dependence of 2-D temperature distributions induced in the perfused canine kidney by ultrasound. Prionas SD,  Raftery KA, Edmonds PD, Constantinou CE.  Int J Hyperthermia.  1991 Mar-Apr; 7 (2): 367-83
• The effect of urinary flow and bladder fullness on renal pelvic pressure in a rat model. Smyth TB,  Shortliffe LM, Constantinou CE.  J Urol.  1991; 146 (2 ( Pt 2)): 592-6
• Urethral pressure and pressure variations in healthy fertile and postmenopausal women with reference to the female sex hormones. Sørensen S,  Waechter PB, Constantinou CE, Kirkeby HJ, Jønler M, Djurhuus JC.  J Urol.  1991; 146 (5): 1434-40
• Regional effects of indomethacin, acetylsalicylic acid and SC-19220 on the contractility of rabbit renal pelvis (pacemaker regions and pelviureteric junction). Kimoto Y,  Constantinou CE.  J Urol.  1991; 146 (2): 433-8
• Regulation of renal pelvic pressure by diuresis and micturition. Djurhuus JC,  Frokjaer J, Munch Jorgensen T, Knudsen L, Pham T, Constantinou CE.  Am J Physiol.  1990; 259 (3 Pt 2): R637-44
• Endothelium dependent relaxation of human corpus cavernosum by bradykinin. Kimoto Y,  Kessler R, Constantinou CE.  J Urol.  1990; 144 (4): 1015-7
• Relaxation mechanisms of antispasmodics papaverine and thiphenamil on the human corpus cavernosum. Kimoto Y,  Kessler R, Constantinou CE.  J Urol.  1990; 144 (6): 1497-9
• Effects of [1-desamino-8-D-arginine]vasopressin and papaverine on rabbit renal pelvis. Kimoto Y,  Constantinou CE.  Eur J Pharmacol.  1990; 175 (3): 359-62
• Treatment of urinary incontinence by the periurethral implantation of glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen. Shortliffe LM,  Freiha FS, Kessler R, Stamey TA, Constantinou CE.  J Urol.  1989; 141 (3): 538-41
• Frequency of spontaneous contractions in longitudinal and transverse bladder strips. Potjer RM,  Constantinou CE.  Am J Physiol.  1989; 257 (4 Pt 2): R781-7
• Renal calyceal and pelvic contraction rhythms. Yamaguchi OA,  Constantinou CE.  Am J Physiol.  1989; 257 (4 Pt 2): R788-95
• Extravesical subtrigonal injection of 50 per cent ethanol for detrusor instability. Harris RG,  Constantinou CE, Stamey TA.  J Urol.  1988; 140 (1): 111-6
• Analysis of the in vitro pharmacologic response of renal pelvis and detrusor smooth muscle to thiphenamil, oxybutynin and verapamil. Levounis P,  Constantinou CE.  Urol Int.  1988; 43 (4): 211-8
• Dynamics of the upper urinary tract: II. The effect of variations of peristaltic frequency and bladder pressure on pyeloureteral pressure/flow relations. Griffiths DJ,  Constantinou CE, Mortensen J, Djurhuus JC.  Phys Med Biol.  1987; 32 (7): 823-33
• Internal urethrotomy in girls and its impact on the urethral intrinsic and extrinsic continence mechanisms. Kessler R,  Constantinou CE.  J Urol.  1986; 136 (6): 1248-53
• Urinary bladder function and its control in healthy females. Griffiths DJ,  Constantinou CE, van Mastrigt R.  Am J Physiol.  1986; 251 (2 Pt 2): R225-30
• Pressure evaluation of the antireflux ability of the rat ureterovesical junction. Vercesi LA,  Constantinou CE.  Urol Int.  1986; 41 (3): 192-5
• Resting and stress urethral pressures as a clinical guide to the mechanism of continence. Constantinou CE,  Clin Obstet Gynaecol.  1985; 12 (2): 343-56
• Resting and stress urethral pressures as a clinical guide to the mechanism of continence in the female patient. Constantinou CE,  Urol Clin North Am.  1985; 12 (2): 247-58
• Isometric detrusor pressure during bladder filling and its dependency on bladder volume and interruption to flow in control subjects. Constantinou CE,  Djurhuus JC, Silverman DE, Towns AB, Wong L, Govan DE.  J Urol.  1984; 131 (1): 86-90
• Principles and methods of clinical urodynamic investigations. Constantinou CE,  Crit Rev Biomed Eng.  1982; 7 (3): 229-64
• Spatial distribution and timing of transmitted and reflexly generated urethral pressures in healthy women. Constantinou CE,  Govan DE.  J Urol.  1982; 127 (5): 964-9
• Chronic ureteric obstruction and its impact on the coordinating mechanisms of peristalsis (pyeloureteric pacemaker system). Djurhuus JC,  Constantinou CE.  Urol Res.  1982; 10 (6): 267-70
• The impact of bladder neck suspension on the resting and stress urethral pressure profile: a prospective study comparing controls with incontinent patients preoperatively and postoperatively. Faysal MH,  Constantinou CE, Rother LF, Govan DE.  J Urol.  1981; 125 (1): 55-60
• Contribution and timing of transmitted and generated pressure components in the female urethra. Constantinou CE,  Govan DE.  Prog Clin Biol Res.  1981; 78 113-20
• The impact of bladder neck suspension on the mode of distribution of abdominal pressure along the female urethra. Constantinou CE,  Faysal MH, Rother L, Govan DE.  Prog Clin Biol Res.  1981; 78 121-32
• Urodynamics of the pyeloureteral system. Constantinou CE,  Prog Clin Biol Res.  1981; 78 389-92
• The effects of drugs on pacemaker regions of isolated rabbit renal pelvis. Del Tacca M,  Constantinou CE, Bernardini C.  Eur J Pharmacol.  1981; 71 (1): 43-51
• Pyeloureteral dynamics in the intact and chronically obstructed multicalyceal kidney. Constantinou CE,  Djurhuus JC.  Am J Physiol.  1981; 241 (5): R398-411
• Multiple-coupled pacemaker system in renal pelvis of the unicalyceal kidney. Constantinou CE,  Yamaguchi O.  Am J Physiol.  1981; 241 (5): R412-8
• Gradient of total [Ca++] in the renal pelvis. Shugart-Reimnitz C,  Constantinou CE.  Urol Int.  1981; 36 (4): 256-64
• Total [Na+] and [K+] gradient in the pyeloureter. Reimnitz J,  Shugart-Reimnitz C, Tung H, Constantinou CE.  Urol Int.  1981; 36 (4): 235-44
• Hydronephrotic alterations in calyceal and renal pelvic pacemaker function of the in vitro pyeloureteral system. Mensah-Dwumah M,  Djurhuus JC, Constantinou CE.  Urol Int.  1980; 35 (3): 161-6
• Urodynamic analysis of urethral, vesical and perivesical pressure distribution in the healthy female. Constantinou CE,  Govan DE.  Urol Int.  1980; 35 (1): 63-72
• Velocity gradient and contraction frequency of the pyeloureteral system. Constantinou CE,  Experientia.  1979; 35 (6): 791-2
• Assessment of pyeloureteral function using a flow velocity and cross-sectional diameter probe. Djurhuus JC,  Constantinou CE.  Invest Urol.  1979; 17 (2): 103-7
• Frequency gradient in the autorhythmicity of the pyeloureteral pacemaker system. Constantinou CE,  Neubarth JL, Mensah-Dwumah M.  Experientia.  1978; 34 (5): 614-5
• Contractility of the pyeloureteral pacemaker system. Constantinou CE,  Urol Int.  1978; 33 (6): 399-416
• Pacemaker system in the control of ureteral peristaltic rate in the multicalyceal kidney of the pig. Constantinou CE,  Silvert MA, Gosling J.  Invest Urol.  1977; 14 (6): 440-1
• Urodynamics of the upper urinary tract. Constantinou CE,  Hrynczuk JR.  Invest Urol.  1976; 14 (3): 233-40
• The origin and propagation of upper urinary tract contraction waves. A new in vitro methodology. Gosling JA,  Constantinou CE.  Experientia.  1976; 32 (2): 266-7
• Renal pelivic pacemaker arrhythmias induced by pentothal anesthesia. Constantinou CE,  Hrynczuk JR.  Urol Int.  1976; 31 (6): 489-500
• The incidence of ecotpic peristaltic contractions. Constantinou CE,  Hrynczuk JR.  Urol Int.  1976; 31 (6): 476-88
• Ureteral pacemaker potentials recorded with the sucrose gap technique. Zawalinski VC,  Constantinou CE, Burnstock G.  Experientia.  1975; 31 (8): 931-3
• Statistical properties of the temporal and spatial distribution of interperistaltic intervals and their relationship to pacemaker and respiratory rhythmicity. Constantinou CE,  Urol Int.  1975; 30 (5): 369-80
• Renal pelvic pacemaker control of ureteral peristaltic rate. Constantinou CE,  Am J Physiol.  1974; 226 (6): 1413-9
• Simulated vesicoureteral reflux: comparison between the normal and hydrostatically bypassed ureterovesical junction as a function of urine flow rate and bladder pressure. Constantinou CE,  Tsuchida S, Kavaney PB, Hayman WP, Govan DE.  Urol Int.  1974; 29 (4): 265-79
• Effects of radiopaque contrast media on the dynamic characteristics of ureteral function. Constantinou CE,  Granato JJ, Govan DE.  Urol Int.  1974; 29 (6): 401-13
• Dynamics of the upper urinary tract: accommodations in the rate and stroke volume of ureteral peristalsis as a response to transient alteration in urine flow rate. Constantinou CE,  Granato JJ, Govan DE.  Urol Int.  1974; 29 (4): 249-64
• Dynamics of the upper urinary tract. The relationship of urine flow rate and rate of ureteral peristalsis. Briggs EM,  Constantinou CE, Govan DE.  Invest Urol.  1972; 10 (1): 56-62
• Bladder pressure and its effect on mean arterial blood pressure. Sands JP,  Constantinou CE, Govan DE.  Invest Urol.  1972; 10 (1): 14-8
• Dynamics of the upper urinary tract: effects of changes in bladder pressure on ureteral peristalsis. Rosen DI,  Constantinou CE, Sands JP, Govan DE.  J Urol.  1971; 106 (2): 209-13
• Dynamics of the upper urinary tract. System for data collection and evaluation. Constantinou CE,  Dale RL, Briggs EM, Perkash I, Engelsgjerd GL, Govan DE.  Invest Urol.  1971; 8 (6): 645-54
• Dynamics of the upper urinary tract. The effects of an indwelling ureteral catheter on ureteral peristalsis. Dale RL,  Constantinou CE, Briggs EM, Govan DE.  Invest Urol.  1971; 8 (6): 655-72
• Precision electrostatic urine flowmeter. Constantinou CE,  Briggs EM.  J Appl Physiol.  1970; 29 (3): 396-7