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Key Documents

NIH Biosketch available Online

Curriculum Vitae available Online

Terrence Blaschke

Emeritus (Active) Professor, Medicine - Clinical Pharmacology
Emeritus Faculty, Acad Council, Medicine - Clinical Pharmacology

Contact Information

Clinical Offices

Internal Medicine Clinic 900 Blake Wilbur Dr W3045 MC 5309 Stanford, CA 94304
Telephone Work (650) 498-6920 Fax (650) 725-8418
Academic Offices

Personal Information
Email blaschke@stanford.edu
Not for medical emergencies or patient use

Clinical Focus

Clinical Pharmacology
Internal Medicine

Administrative Appointments

Assistant Dean for Medical Student Advising, Stanford University School of Medicine , (2006– present )
Associate Dean for Medical Student Advising, Stanford University School of Medicine , (2002– 2006 )

Honors and Awards

Oscar B. Hunter Award, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (ASCPT) (2007)
Henry W. Elliott Distinguished Service Award, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (ASCPT) (2006)
Honorary Fellowship, American College of Clinical Pharmacology (2004)
Rawls-Palmer Progress in Medicine Lecture and Award, American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (2002)
Henry J. Kaiser Award for Outstanding Contributions to Medical Education, Stanford University School of Medicine (1999)

Professional Education

UCSF Medical Center (1974) CA
Board Certification: Internal Medicine, American Board of Internal Medicine (1973)
UCLA Center for Health Sciences (1970) CA
UCLA Medical Center (1969) CA
Columbia University (1968) NY
B.S., University of Denver Honors Program, Mathematics (1964)
M.D., Columbia University, P&S Medicine (1968)

Postdoctoral Advisees

Radojka Savic

Graduate & Fellowship Program Affiliations

Community & International Work

AMPATH Program, Eldoret, Kenya More »

Industry Relationships

Stanford is committed to ethical and transparent interactions with our industry partners. It is our policy to disclose payments of $5,000 or more, equity valued at $5,000 or more in a publicly traded company, or any equity in a privately held company, to physicians and scientists employed by Stanford University from companies or other commercial entities with which they interact as part of their professional activities.

Consulting: Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation, Redpoint Bio
Service on Board of Directors: Durect Corporation

Research Interests

My ongoing Stanford research activities involve studies on the clinical pharmacology of drugs used in HIV-infected patients.

A focus of my laboratory’s efforts in investigating drugs used in HIV-infected patients is to optimize the individual benefit/risk of pharmacotherapy of HIV or opportunistic infections by discovering and quantifying the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of drugs used in such therapy; i.e., the distribution of individual-specific dose-concentration-effect relationships in the population. My laboratory has a special interest in understanding the relationships between antiviral drug exposure and virologic and toxicological responses. In the past this has lead to studies examining drug-taking behavior in these patients, since exposure is a function of both individual variability in pharmacokinetics and individual patterns of drug-taking behavior.

At the present time, my interests in HIV are in the access and quality of antiretroviral drugs for patients from less developed countries. The use of substandard drugs carries a high risk of promoting drug resistant variants of HIV, which could have widespread consequences over the long term. Another interest is drug-drug interactions between antiretroviral drugs and drugs used to treat opportunistic infections, in particular drugs used to treat tuberculosis.

Publications

Increased vascular alpha1-adrenergic sensitivity in patients with renal failure: receiving recombinant erythropoeitin. Abiose AK, Aronow WS, Moreno H, Nair CK, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. Am J Ther. 2007 Sep-Oct; 14 (5): 427-34
Improving data reliability using a non-compliance detection method versus using pharmacokinetic criteria. Kshirsagar SA, Blaschke TF, Sheiner LB, Krygowski M, Acosta EP, Verotta D. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2007; 34 (1): 35-55
Characterization of nelfinavir binding to plasma proteins and the lack of drug displacement interactions. Motoya T, Thevanayagam LN, Blaschke TF, Au S, Stone JA, Jayewardene AL, Chi J, Aweeka FT. HIV Med. 2006; 7 (2): 122-8
Adherence to medication. Osterberg L, Blaschke T. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353 (5): 487-97
Effect of simultaneous versus staggered dosing on pharmacokinetic interactions of protease inhibitors. Washington CB, Flexner C, Sheiner LB, Rosenkranz SL, Segal Y, Aberg JA, Blaschke TF. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003; 73 (5): 406-16
The disposition of saquinavir in normal and P-glycoprotein deficient mice, rats, and in cultured cells. Washington CB, Wiltshire HR, Man M, Moy T, Harris SR, Worth E, Weigl P, Liang Z, Hall D, Marriott L, Blaschke TF. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000; 28 (9): 1058-62
Vascular reactivity in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Duchna HW, Guilleminault C, Stoohs RA, Faul JL, Moreno H, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000; 161 (1): 187-91
Asymmetric dimethylarginine increases mononuclear cell adhesiveness in hypercholesterolemic humans. Chan JR, Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, Tangphao O, Tsao PS, Blaschke TF, Cooke JP. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000; 20 (4): 1040-6
Nicotine impairs endothelium-dependent dilatation in human veins in vivo. Chalon S, Moreno H, Benowitz NL, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000; 67 (4): 391-7
Role of nitric oxide in isoprenaline and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation in human hand veins. Chalon S, Tejura B, Moreno H, Urae A, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999; 47 (1): 91-8
Pharmacokinetics of L-arginine during chronic administration to patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Tangphao O, Chalon S, Moreno H, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. Clin Sci (Lond). 1999; 96 (2): 199-207
Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme in human hand veins. Chalon S, Bedarida GV, Moreno H, Tejura B, Urae A, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999; 65 (1): 58-65
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improves venous endothelial dysfunction in chronic smokers. Chalon S, Moreno H, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999; 65 (3): 295-303
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral L-arginine in normal volunteers. Tangphao O, Grossmann M, Chalon S, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999; 47 (3): 261-6
Heparin-induced vasodilation in human hand veins. Tangphao O, Chalon S, Moreno HJ, Abiose AK, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999; 66 (3): 232-8
L-arginine and nitric oxide-related compounds in plasma: comparison of normal and arginine-free diets in a 24-h crossover study. Tangphao O, Chalon S, Coulston AM, Moreno H, Chan JR, Cooke JP, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. Vasc Med. 1999; 4 (1): 27-32
The extent of non-adherence in a large AIDS clinical trial using plasma dideoxynucleoside concentrations as a marker. Kastrissios H, Suárez JR, Hammer S, Katzenstein D, Blaschke TF. AIDS. 1998; 12 (17): 2305-11
Interaction of anti-HIV protease inhibitors with the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in human cultured cells. Washington CB, Duran GE, Man MC, Sikic BI, Blaschke TF. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998; 19 (3): 203-9
Characterizing patterns of drug-taking behavior with a multiple drug regimen in an AIDS clinical trial. Kastrissios H, Suárez JR, Katzenstein D, Girard P, Sheiner LB, Blaschke TF. AIDS. 1998; 12 (17): 2295-303
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): a novel risk factor for endothelial dysfunction: its role in hypercholesterolemia. Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, Szuba A, Tsao PS, Chan JR, Tangphao O, Blaschke TF, Cooke JP. Circulation. 1998; 98 (18): 1842-7
Endothelial dysfunction in human hand veins is rapidly reversible after smoking cessation. Moreno H, Chalon S, Urae A, Tangphao O, Abiose AK, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. Am J Physiol. 1998; 275 (3 Pt 2): H1040-5
Exposure-response relationships for saquinavir, zidovudine, and zalcitabine in combination therapy. Vanhove GF, Gries JM, Verotta D, Sheiner LB, Coombs R, Collier AC, Blaschke TF. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997; 41 (11): 2433-8
Medication compliance as a feature in drug development. Kastrissios H, Blaschke TF. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1997; 37 451-75
Chloroquine-induced venodilation in human hand veins. Abiose AK, Grossmann M, Tangphao O, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1997; 61 (6): 677-83
Pharmacokinetics of saquinavir, zidovudine, and zalcitabine in combination therapy. Vanhove GF, Kastrissios H, Gries JM, Verotta D, Park K, Collier AC, Squires K, Sheiner LB, Blaschke TF. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997; 41 (11): 2428-32
Improved combined solid-phase extraction-RIA method for quantifying zalcitabine in plasma. Kastrissios H, Nakano M, Burton P, Blaschke T. Clin Chem. 1996; 42 (3): 465-6
Pharmacokinetics of high-dose oral CCNU in bone marrow transplant patients. Kastrissios H, Chao NJ, Blaschke TF. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1996; 38 (5): 425-30
The clinical pharmacokinetics of rifabutin. Blaschke TF, Skinner MH. Clin Infect Dis. 1996; 22 Suppl 1 S15-21; discussion S21-2
Introducing medical students to medication noncompliance. Kastrissios H, Flowers NT, Blaschke TF. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996; 59 (5): 577-82
High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the quantitation of L-arginine in human plasma. Gopalakrishnan V, Burton PJ, Blaschke TF. Anal Chem. 1996; 68 (19): 3520-3
Morphine-induced venodilation in humans. Grossmann M, Abiose A, Tangphao O, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996; 60 (5): 554-60
A multimodality approach to preparation for clinical medicine. Jacobs C, Moreno B, Blaschke T. Acad Med. 1995; 70 (5): 441-2
A new preparatory regimen for autologous bone marrow transplantation for patients with lymphoma. Chao NJ, Kastrissios H, Long GD, Negrin RS, Horning SJ, Wong RM, Blaschke TF, Blume KG. Cancer. 1995; 75 (6): 1354-9
H1- and H2-histamine receptor-mediated vasodilation varies with aging in humans. Bedarida G, Bushell E, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1995; 58 (1): 73-80
Effect of aging on beta 2-adrenergic receptor-stimulated flux of K+, PO4, FFA, and glycerol in human forearms. Ford GA, Dachman WD, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. J Appl Physiol. 1995; 78 (1): 172-8
Characterization of an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase in human-hand veins. Bedarida GV, Kim D, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. Horm Metab Res. 1994; 26 (2): 109-12
Histamine-induced venodilation in human beings involves both H1 and H2 receptor subtypes. Dachman WD, Bedarida G, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1994; 93 (3): 606-14
Responsiveness to bradykinin in veins of hypercholesterolemic humans. Bedarida GV, Bushell E, Haefeli WE, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. Circulation. 1993; 88 (6): 2754-61
Mechanism of bradykinin-induced venodilation in humans. Dachman WD, Ford GA, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1993; 21 (2): 241-8
Lack of role of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in effects of alpha-adrenergic agonists in cutaneous veins in humans. Haefeli WE, Srivastava N, Kongpatanakul S, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. Am J Physiol. 1993; 264 (2 Pt 2): H364-9
Evidence for activation of the sympathetic nervous system by recombinant human interleukin-1 beta in humans. Haefeli WE, Bargetzi MJ, Starnes HF, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. J Immunother Emphasis Tumor Immunol. 1993; 13 (2): 136-40
Primum non nocere? Valuing of the risk of drug toxicity in therapeutic decision making. Lenert LA, Markowitz DR, Blaschke TF. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1993; 53 (3): 285-91
Glutathione S-transferase mu polymorphism does not explain variation in nitroglycerin responsiveness. Haefeli WE, Srivastava N, Kelsey KT, Wiencke JK, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1993; 53 (4): 463-8
Effect of aging on changes in plasma potassium during exercise. Ford GA, Blaschke TF, Wiswell R, Hoffman BB. J Gerontol. 1993; 48 (4): M140-5
Zidovudine response relationships in early human immunodeficiency virus infection. Sale M, Sheiner LB, Volberding P, Blaschke TF. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1993; 54 (5): 556-66
Venodilation in Raynaud's disease. Bedarida G, Kim D, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. Lancet. 1993; 342 (8885): 1451-4
Comparison of vasodilatory responses to nitroglycerin and its dinitrate metabolites in human veins. Haefeli WE, Gumbleton M, Benet LZ, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1992; 52 (6): 590-6
Age-related changes in adenosine and beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle in man. Ford GA, Hoffman BB, Vestal RE, Blaschke TF. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1992; 33 (1): 83-7
Potential of population pharmacokinetics to reduce the frequency of blood sampling required for estimating kinetic parameters in neonates. Collart L, Blaschke TF, Boucher F, Prober CG. Dev Pharmacol Ther. 1992; 18 (1-2): 71-80
Beta adrenergically mediated cardiac chronotropic and vascular smooth muscle responses during propranolol therapy and withdrawal in young and elderly persons. Ford GA, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. J Gerontol. 1992; 47 (1): M22-6
Vascular reactivity to phenylephrine and angiotensin II: comparison of direct venous and systemic vascular responses. Vincent J, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1992; 51 (1): 68-75
Responsiveness of superficial hand veins to alpha-adrenoceptor agonists in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Eichler HG, Blaschke TF, Kraemer FB, Ford GA, Blöchl-Daum B, Hoffman BB. Clin Sci (Lond). 1992; 82 (2): 163-8
Advanced computer programs for drug dosing that combine pharmacokinetic and symbolic modeling of patients. Lenert LA, Lurie J, Sheiner LB, Coleman R, Klostermann H, Blaschke TF. Comput Biomed Res. 1992; 25 (1): 29-42
Desensitization of beta-adrenoceptor- and prostaglandin E1 receptor-mediated human vascular smooth muscle relaxation. Vincent J, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1992; 19 (3): 447-52
Atenolol compared with nifedipine: effect on cognitive function and mood in elderly hypertensive patients. Skinner MH, Futterman A, Morrissette D, Thompson LW, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 116 (8): 615-23
Practical computer-assisted dosing for aminoglycoside antibiotics. Lenert LA, Klostermann H, Coleman RW, Lurie J, Blaschke TF. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992; 36 (6): 1230-5
Desensitization of nitrate-induced venodilation: reversal with oral N-acetylcysteine in humans. Vincent J, Kongpatanakul S, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1992; 20 (6): 907-12
Pharmacological tolerance to alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonism mediated by terazosin in humans. Vincent J, Dachman W, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. J Clin Invest. 1992; 90 (5): 1763-8
Bradykinin-induced venodilation is not impaired with aging in humans. Dachman WD, Ford GA, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. J Gerontol. 1992; 47 (5): M166-70
Analysis of free intracellular nucleotides using high-performance capillary electrophoresis. Ng M, Blaschke TF, Arias AA, Zare RN. Anal Chem. 1992; 64 (15): 1682-4
Responsiveness of peripheral veins to vasodilators and the effect of nifedipine on alpha-adrenergic responsiveness in hypertension. Ford GA, Katzir D, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1991; 50 (2): 192-8
Decreased responsiveness of superficial hand veins to phenylephrine in black normotensive males. Eichler HG, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1990; 16 (2): 177-81
Research and the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Blaschke TF, Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1990; 47 (2): 270-2
Dose-dependent inhibition of cyclosporine metabolism in mice by fluconazole. La Delfa I, Xia YF, Blaschke TF. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1990; 68 (1): 89-93
Effect of temazepam on blood pressure regulation in healthy elderly subjects. Ford GA, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1990; 29 (1): 61-7
Semi-quantitative simulation for reasoning about physiological models of drug kinetics and effects. Leemann TD, Blaschke TF. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1990; 120 (49): 1849-52
Ranitidine alters antipyrine metabolism in control and phenobarbital-treated mice. Espiritu-Quiza MF, Skinner MH, Blaschke TF. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1990; 12 (9): 631-6
Gentamicin pharmacokinetics in neonates undergoing extracorporal membrane oxygenation. Cohen P, Collart L, Prober CG, Fischer AF, Blaschke TF. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1990; 9 (8): 562-6
Improving drug dosing in hospitalized patients: automated modeling of pharmacokinetics for individualization of drug dosage regimens. Lenert L, Sheiner L, Blaschke T. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 1989 Oct-Nov; 30 (2-3): 169-76
Fluconazole is a potent inhibitor of antipyrine metabolism in vivo in mice. La Delfa I, Zhu QM, Mo Z, Blaschke TF. Drug Metab Dispos. 1989 Jan-Feb; 17 (1): 49-53
Pharmacokinetics of rifabutin. Skinner MH, Hsieh M, Torseth J, Pauloin D, Bhatia G, Harkonen S, Merigan TC, Blaschke TF. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1989; 33 (8): 1237-41
Evaluation of the antiviral effect of rifabutin in AIDS-related complex. Torseth J, Bhatia G, Harkonen S, Child C, Skinner M, Robinson WS, Blaschke TF, Merigan TC. J Infect Dis. 1989; 159 (6): 1115-8
Responsiveness of superficial hand veins to adrenergic stimuli in patients with cystic fibrosis. Eichler HG, Eichler I, Lewiston N, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. Clin Sci (Lond). 1989; 76 (3): 283-7
Theophylline toxicity subsequent to ranitidine administration: a possible drug-drug interaction. Skinner MH, Lenert L, Blaschke TF. Am J Med. 1989; 86 (1): 129-32
Responsiveness of superficial hand veins to phenylephrine in essential hypertension. Alpha adrenergic blockade during prazosin therapy. Eichler HG, Ford GA, Blaschke TF, Swislocki A, Hoffman BB. J Clin Invest. 1989; 83 (1): 108-12
Comparison of age-related changes in prostaglandin E1 and beta-adrenergic responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle in adult males. Hiremath AN, Pershe RA, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. J Gerontol. 1989; 44 (1): M13-7
Nifedipine pharmacokinetics during preterm labor tocolysis. Ferguson JE, Schutz T, Pershe R, Stevenson DK, Blaschke T. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989; 161 (6 Pt 1): 1485-90
Clinical pharmacology comes of age. Blaschke TF, Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1989; 46 (5): 485-8
Responsiveness of peripheral veins to transdermal and sublingual nitroglycerin in healthy male volunteers. Hiremath AN, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1989; 14 (4): 534-41
Effects of ketoconazole on the polymorphic 4-hydroxylations of S-mephenytoin and debrisoquine. Atiba JO, Blaschke TF, Wilkinson GR. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1989; 28 (2): 161-5
Venous responsiveness to atrial natriuretic factor in man. Ford GA, Eichler HG, Hoffman BB, Blaschke TF. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1988; 26 (6): 797-9
Effect of etomidate on hepatic drug metabolism in humans. Atiba JO, Horai Y, White PF, Trevor AJ, Blaschke TF, Sung ML. Anesthesiology. 1988; 68 (6): 920-4
Stereoselective binding of disopyramide to plasma proteins. Valdivieso L, Giacomini KM, Nelson WL, Pershe R, Blaschke TF. Pharm Res. 1988; 5 (5): 316-8
Absence of age-related changes in venous responsiveness to nitroglycerin in vivo in humans. Eichler HG, Hiremath A, Katzir D, Blaschke TF, Hoffman BB. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1987; 42 (5): 521-4
Ketoconazole potentiates cyclosporine immunosuppression and toxicity in mice. Anderson JE, Morris RE, Blaschke TF. Transplant Proc. 1987; 19 (1 Pt 2): 1267-8