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Key Documents

Francis Blankenberg

Associate Professor, Radiology
Associate Professor (By courtesy), Pediatrics
Member, Cancer Center

Contact Information

Clinical Offices

Pediatric Radiology Clinic 725 Welch Rd RM 1671 MC 5654 Palo Alto, CA 94304
Telephone Work (650) 497-8376 Fax (650) 497-8745

Clinical Focus

Diagnostic Radiology
Radiology
Radiology, Pediatric

Professional Education

Board Certification: Pediatric Radiology, American Board of Radiology (1995)
UCSF Medical Center (1993) CA
Board Certification: Diagnostic Radiology, American Board of Radiology (1992)
SUMC - Graduate Medical Education (1992) CA
SUMC - Graduate Medical Education (1991) CA
SUMC - Graduate Medical Education (1987) CA
UCLA School of Medicine (1986) CA

Research Interests

Studies on apoptotic cell death using the H MRS phenomenon.

Publications

Mechanisms behind Local Immunosuppression Using Inhaled Tacrolimus in Preclinical Models of Lung Transplantation. Deuse T, Blankenberg F, Haddad M, Reichenspurner H, Phillips N, Robbins RC, Schrepfer S. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2009;
Imaging the molecular signatures of apoptosis and injury with radiolabeled annexin V. Blankenberg FG, Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2009; 6 (5): 469-76
Apoptosis Imaging: Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. Blankenberg FG, Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2009;
Analysis of in situ and ex vivo vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression during experimental aortic aneurysm progression. Tedesco MM, Terashima M, Blankenberg FG, Levashova Z, Spin JM, Backer MV, Backer JM, Sho M, Sho E, McConnell MV, Dalman RL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009; 29 (10): 1452-7
SPECT and PET imaging of EGF receptors with site-specifically labeled EGF and dimeric EGF. Levashova Z, Backer MV, Horng G, Felsher D, Backer JM, Blankenberg FG. Bioconjug Chem. 2009; 20 (4): 742-9
Imaging Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Receptors in Turpentine-Induced Sterile Thigh Abscesses with Radiolabeled Single-Chain VEGF. Levashova Z, Backer M, Backer JM, Blankenberg FG. J Nucl Med. 2009;
Mid-infrared reflectivity of experimental atheromas. Holman HY, Bjornstad KA, Martin MC, McKinney WR, Blakely EA, Blankenberg FG. J Biomed Opt. 2008 May-Jun; 13 (3): 030503
Direct site-specific labeling of the Cys-tag moiety in scVEGF with technetium 99m. Levashova Z, Backer M, Backer JM, Blankenberg FG. Bioconjug Chem. 2008; 19 (5): 1049-54
Monitoring of treatment-induced apoptosis in oncology with PET and SPECT. Blankenberg FG, Curr Pharm Des. 2008; 14 (28): 2974-82
In vivo imaging of apoptosis. Blankenberg FG, Cancer Biol Ther. 2008; 7 (10): 1525-32
In vivo detection of apoptosis. Blankenberg FG, J Nucl Med. 2008; 49 Suppl 2 81S-95S
Nuclear medicine applications in molecular imaging: 2007 update. Blankenberg FG, Strauss HW. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007; 51 (2): 99-110
Radiolabeled Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 for the detection of inflammation in experimental atherosclerosis. Hartung D, Petrov A, Haider N, Fujimoto S, Blankenberg F, Fujimoto A, Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Strauss HW, Narula J. J Nucl Med. 2007; 48 (11): 1816-21
Monitoring the protective effects of minocycline treatment with radiolabeled annexin V in an experimental model of focal cerebral ischemia. Tang XN, Wang Q, Koike MA, Cheng D, Goris ML, Blankenberg FG, Yenari MA. J Nucl Med. 2007; 48 (11): 1822-8
Improved detection of cell death in vivo with annexin V radiolabeled by site-specific methods. Tait JF, Smith C, Levashova Z, Patel B, Blankenberg FG, Vanderheyden JL. J Nucl Med. 2006; 47 (9): 1546-53
In vivo tumor angiogenesis imaging with site-specific labeled (99m)Tc-HYNIC-VEGF. Blankenberg FG, Backer MV, Levashova Z, Patel V, Backer JM. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2006; 33 (7): 841-8
Radiolabeling of HYNIC-annexin V with technetium-99m for in vivo imaging of apoptosis. Blankenberg FG, Vanderheyden JL, Strauss HW, Tait JF. Nat Protoc. 2006; 1 (1): 108-10
99mTc-HYNIC-annexin V SPECT imaging of acute stroke and its response to neuroprotective therapy with anti-Fas ligand antibody. Blankenberg FG, Kalinyak J, Liu L, Koike M, Cheng D, Goris ML, Green A, Vanderheyden JL, Tong DC, Yenari MA. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2006; 33 (5): 566-74
Only the CD62L+ subpopulation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells protects from lethal acute GVHD. Ermann J, Hoffmann P, Edinger M, Dutt S, Blankenberg FG, Higgins JP, Negrin RS, Fathman CG, Strober S. Blood. 2005; 105 (5): 2220-6
Molecular imaging with single photon emission computed tomography. How new tracers can be employed in the nuclear medicine clinic. Blankenberg FG, IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 2004 Jul-Aug; 23 (4): 51-7
Tumor imaging using a standardized radiolabeled adapter protein docked to vascular endothelial growth factor. Blankenberg FG, Mandl S, Cao YA, O'Connell-Rodwell C, Contag C, Mari C, Gaynutdinov TI, Vanderheyden JL, Backer MV, Backer JM. J Nucl Med. 2004; 45 (8): 1373-80
Apoptosis in a rodent model of cranial suture fusion: in situ imaging and gene expression analysis. Fong KD, Song HM, Nacamuli RP, Franc BL, Mari C, Fang TD, Warren SM, Contag CH, Blankenberg FG, Longaker MT. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004; 113 (7): 2037-47
Multi-modality imaging identifies key times for annexin V imaging as an early predictor of therapeutic outcome. Mandl SJ, Mari C, Edinger M, Negrin RS, Tait JF, Contag CH, Blankenberg FG. Mol Imaging. 2004; 3 (1): 1-8
Recent advances in the imaging of programmed cell death. Blankenberg FG, Curr Pharm Des. 2004; 10 (13): 1457-67
Detection of focal hypoxic-ischemic injury and neuronal stress in a rodent model of unilateral MCA occlusion/reperfusion using radiolabeled annexin V. Mari C, Karabiyikoglu M, Goris ML, Tait JF, Yenari MA, Blankenberg FG. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004; 31 (5): 733-9
Bcl-2-mediated inhibition of apoptosis in rat cardiac allografts worsens development of graft coronary artery disease. Kown MH, Miniati DN, Jahncke CL, Lijkwan MA, Murata S, Koransky ML, Blankenberg FG, Strauss HW, Robbins RC. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2003; 22 (9): 986-92
Molecular imaging: The latest generation of contrast agents and tissue characterization techniques. Blankenberg FG, J Cell Biochem. 2003; 90 (3): 443-53
Imaging cell death in vivo. Blankenberg F, Mari C, Strauss HW. Q J Nucl Med. 2003; 47 (4): 337-48
An automated approach to quantitative air trapping measurements in mild cystic fibrosis. Goris ML, Zhu HJ, Blankenberg F, Chan F, Robinson TE. Chest. 2003; 123 (5): 1655-63
Composite spirometric-computed tomography outcome measure in early cystic fibrosis lung disease. Robinson TE, Leung AN, Northway WH, Blankenberg FG, Chan FP, Bloch DA, Holmes TH, Moss RB. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003; 168 (5): 588-93
Nuclear medicine applications in molecular imaging. Blankenberg FG, Strauss HW. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2002; 16 (4): 352-61
Imaging cell death with radiolabeled annexin V in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis. Post AM, Katsikis PD, Tait JF, Geaghan SM, Strauss HW, Blankenberg FG. J Nucl Med. 2002; 43 (10): 1359-65
Donor cardiac allografts from p53 knockout mice exhibit apoptosis-independent prolongation of survival. Kown MH, Murata S, Jahncke CL, Mari C, Berry GJ, Lijkwan MA, Blankenberg FG, Strauss HW, Robbins RC. Transplant Proc. 2002; 34 (8): 3274-6
Development of radiocontrast agents for vascular imaging: progress to date. Blankenberg FG, Mari C, Strauss HW. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2002; 2 (6): 357-65
The use of (99m)technetium-labeled MCP-1 to assess graft coronary artery disease in rat cardiac allografts. Kown MH, Jahncke CL, Lijkwan MA, Koransky ML, Mari C, Berry GJ, Blankenberg FG, Strauss HW, Robbins RC. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2002; 21 (9): 1009-15
Zinc chloride-mediated reduction of apoptosis as an adjunct immunosuppressive modality in cardiac transplantation. Kown MH, van der Steenhoven TJ, Jahncke CL, Mari C, Lijkwan MA, Koransky ML, Blankenberg FG, Strauss HW, Robbins RC. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2002; 21 (3): 360-5
Will imaging of apoptosis play a role in clinical care? A tale of mice and men. Blankenberg FG, Strauss HW. Apoptosis. 2001 Feb-Apr; 6 (1-2): 117-23
Noninvasive strategies to image cardiovascular apoptosis. Blankenberg FG, Strauss HW. Cardiol Clin. 2001; 19 (1): 165-72, x
Detection of early atherosclerosis with radiolabeled monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in prediabeteic Zucker rats. Blankenberg FG, Wen P, Dai M, Zhu D, Panchal SN, Tait JF, Post AM, Strauss HW, Valantine HA. Pediatr Radiol. 2001; 31 (12): 827-35
Imaging macrophages and the apoptosis of granulocytes in a rodent model of subacute and chronic abscesses with radiolabeled monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 and annexin V. Blankenberg FG, Tait JF, Blankenberg TA, Post AM, Strauss HW. Eur J Nucl Med. 2001; 28 (9): 1384-93
Imaging cyclophosphamide-induced intramedullary apoptosis in rats using 99mTc-radiolabeled annexin V. Blankenberg FG, Naumovski L, Tait JF, Post AM, Strauss HW. J Nucl Med. 2001; 42 (2): 309-16
Spirometer-triggered high-resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function measurements during an acute exacerbation in patients with cystic fibrosis. Robinson TE, Leung AN, Northway WH, Blankenberg FG, Bloch DA, Oehlert JW, Al-Dabbagh H, Hubli S, Moss RB. J Pediatr. 2001; 138 (4): 553-9
In vivo imaging of acute cardiac rejection in human patients using (99m)technetium labeled annexin V. Kown MH, Strauss HW, Blankenberg FG, Berry GJ, Stafford-Cecil S, Tait JF, Goris ML, Robbins RC. Am J Transplant. 2001; 1 (3): 270-7
TC99M MCP-1 imaging of chronic rejection in rat cardiac allografts. Kown MH, Blankenberg FG, Strauss HW, Hoyt GE, Robbins RC. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2001; 20 (2): 186
Apoptosis and allograft rejection in the absence of CD8+ T cells. Ogura Y, Martinez OM, Villanueva JC, Tait JF, Strauss HW, Higgins JP, Tanaka K, Esquivel CO, Blankenberg FG, Krams SM. Transplantation. 2001; 71 (12): 1827-34
99mTc annexin V imaging of neonatal hypoxic brain injury. D'Arceuil H, Rhine W, de Crespigny A, Yenari M, Tait JF, Strauss WH, Engelhorn T, Kastrup A, Moseley M, Blankenberg FG. Stroke. 2000; 31 (11): 2692-700
Zinc-mediated reduction of apoptosis in cardiac allografts. Kown MH, Van der Steenhoven T, Blankenberg FG, Hoyt G, Berry GJ, Tait JF, Strauss HW, Robbins RC. Circulation. 2000; 102 (19 Suppl 3): III228-32
Radioimaging to identify myocardial cell death and probably injury. Strauss HW, Narula J, Blankenberg FG. Lancet. 2000; 356 (9225): 180-1
Sonography, CT, and MR imaging: a prospective comparison of neonates with suspected intracranial ischemia and hemorrhage. Blankenberg FG, Loh NN, Bracci P, D'Arceuil HE, Rhine WD, Norbash AM, Lane B, Berg A, Person B, Coutant M, Enzmann DR. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000; 21 (1): 213-8
Radionuclide imaging of acute lung transplant rejection with annexin V. Blankenberg FG, Robbins RC, Stoot JH, Vriens PW, Berry GJ, Tait JF, Strauss HW. Chest. 2000; 117 (3): 834-40
Radiolabeled annexin V imaging: diagnosis of allograft rejection in an experimental rodent model of liver transplantation. Ogura Y, Krams SM, Martinez OM, Kopiwoda S, Higgins JP, Esquivel CO, Strauss HW, Tait JF, Blankenberg FG. Radiology. 2000; 214 (3): 795-800
Apoptotic cell death: its implications for imaging in the next millennium. Blankenberg FG, Tait JF, Strauss HW. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000; 27 (3): 359-67
Apoptosis: the importance of nuclear medicine. Blankenberg FG, Tait J, Ohtsuki K, Strauss HW. Nucl Med Commun. 2000; 21 (3): 241-50
Gastrointestinal dysfunction associated with syringomyelia and hydromyelia. Garcia-Careaga M, Cox KM, Blankenberg F, Cox KL. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2000; 31 (1): 71-5
In vivo detection of apoptotic cell death: a necessary measurement for evaluating therapy for myocarditis, ischemia, and heart failure. Blankenberg F, Narula J, Strauss HW. J Nucl Cardiol. 1999 Sep-Oct; 6 (5): 531-9
Technetium-99m HYNIC-annexin V: a potential radiopharmaceutical for the in-vivo detection of apoptosis. Ohtsuki K, Akashi K, Aoka Y, Blankenberg FG, Kopiwoda S, Tait JF, Strauss HW. Eur J Nucl Med. 1999; 26 (10): 1251-8
Dying a thousand deaths. Radionuclide imaging of apoptosis. Blankenberg F, Ohtsuki K, Strauss HW. Q J Nucl Med. 1999; 43 (2): 170-6
Non-invasive diagnosis of acute heart- or lung-transplant rejection using radiolabeled annexin V. Blankenberg FG, Strauss HW. Pediatr Radiol. 1999; 29 (5): 299-305
Standardized high-resolution CT of the lung using a spirometer-triggered electron beam CT scanner. Robinson TE, Leung AN, Moss RB, Blankenberg FG, al-Dabbagh H, Northway WH. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999; 172 (6): 1636-8
Imaging of apoptosis (programmed cell death) with 99mTc annexin V. Blankenberg FG, Katsikis PD, Tait JF, Davis RE, Naumovski L, Ohtsuki K, Kopiwoda S, Abrams MJ, Strauss HW. J Nucl Med. 1999; 40 (1): 184-91
The use of technetium Tc 99m annexin V for in vivo imaging of apoptosis during cardiac allograft rejection. Vriens PW, Blankenberg FG, Stoot JH, Ohtsuki K, Berry GJ, Tait JF, Strauss HW, Robbins RC. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998; 116 (5): 844-53
In vivo detection and imaging of phosphatidylserine expression during programmed cell death. Blankenberg FG, Katsikis PD, Tait JF, Davis RE, Naumovski L, Ohtsuki K, Kopiwoda S, Abrams MJ, Darkes M, Robbins RC, Maecker HT, Strauss HW. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998; 95 (11): 6349-54
Impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation after hypoxic-ischemic injury in extremely low-birth-weight neonates: detection with power and pulsed wave Doppler US. Blankenberg FG, Loh NN, Norbash AM, Craychee JA, Spielman DM, Person BL, Berg CA, Enzmann DR. Radiology. 1997; 205 (2): 563-8
Quantitative analysis of apoptotic cell death using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Blankenberg FG, Katsikis PD, Storrs RW, Beaulieu C, Spielman D, Chen JY, Naumovski L, Tait JF. Blood. 1997; 89 (10): 3778-86
Clinical image. Lipoblastoma of the thigh: MR appearance. Katz DS, Merchant N, Beaulieu CF, Blankenberg FG. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1996 Nov-Dec; 20 (6): 1002-3
Neonatal intracranial ischemia and hemorrhage: diagnosis with US, CT, and MR imaging. Blankenberg FG, Norbash AM, Lane B, Stevenson DK, Bracci PM, Enzmann DR. Radiology. 1996; 199 (1): 253-9
Evolving asymmetric hypertrophic pyloric stenosis associated with histologic evidence of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Blankenberg FG, Parker BR, Sibley E, Kerner JA. Pediatr Radiol. 1995; 25 (4): 310-1
The influence of volumetric tumor doubling time, DNA ploidy, and histologic grade on the survival of patients with intracranial astrocytomas. Blankenberg FG, Teplitz RL, Ellis W, Salamat MS, Min BH, Hall L, Boothroyd DB, Johnstone IM, Enzmann DR. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1995; 16 (5): 1001-12
MR imaging in an experimental model of brain tumor immunotherapy. Blankenberg F, Conley FK, Sayre J, Enzmann D. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1991 May-Jun; 12 (3): 543-8
Computed tomography as an adjunct to ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute acalculous cholecystitis. Blankenberg F, Wirth R, Jeffrey RB, Mindelzun R, Francis I. Gastrointest Radiol. 1991; 16 (2): 149-53