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A Dale KaiserAcademic Appointments
Appointment
Organization
Emeritus (Active) Professor
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Research Interests
How are genes regulated to construct a developmental program? How do signals received from other cells change the program and coordinate it for organized multicellular development? The approach taken by our laboratory group to answer these questions utilizes biochemisty and genetics; genetics to isolate mutants that have particular defects in development and biochemistry to determine the molecular basis of the defects.
We study fruiting body development in Myxococcus. When starved, these bacteria form fruiting bodies which contain about 100,000 spore cells and which have a species-specific shape. Fruiting bodies form through a regular sequence of morphological changes, finishing with the differentiation of rod-shaped growing cells into spherical, thick-walled spores. Biochemical changes parallel the morphological changes. New proteins are synthesized at particular times during aggregation and sporulation. A series of 30 developmentally regulated promoters have been found, each of which becomes active at a characteristic time. Mutants that have lost the ability to produce extracellular signals necessary for development have been isolated. These mutants are used to dissect the genetic program and to isolate and identify the signals.
The mutants have uncovered five different signals. Two signals which function in the same regulatory pathway have been chemically identified. The earlier of the two is water soluble and diffusible; it can signal when cells are distant from each other. The later signal is a 17 kDa protein that is cell bound and requires a detergent to extract it from cells. This molecule signals when cells are close together, and its transmission depends on the proper alignment of cells. The later signal is a morphogen. It induces the cells to aggregate into ridge-like heaps that move as travelling waves. Later the aggregates become hemispherical mounds, and eventually species-specific fruiting bodies. The later signal also induces cells within the fruiting body to differentiate myxospores. One signal can do these several different things because each has a different threshold signal intensity.
We study fruiting body development in Myxococcus. When starved, these bacteria form fruiting bodies which contain about 100,000 spore cells and which have a species-specific shape. Fruiting bodies form through a regular sequence of morphological changes, finishing with the differentiation of rod-shaped growing cells into spherical, thick-walled spores. Biochemical changes parallel the morphological changes. New proteins are synthesized at particular times during aggregation and sporulation. A series of 30 developmentally regulated promoters have been found, each of which becomes active at a characteristic time. Mutants that have lost the ability to produce extracellular signals necessary for development have been isolated. These mutants are used to dissect the genetic program and to isolate and identify the signals.
The mutants have uncovered five different signals. Two signals which function in the same regulatory pathway have been chemically identified. The earlier of the two is water soluble and diffusible; it can signal when cells are distant from each other. The later signal is a 17 kDa protein that is cell bound and requires a detergent to extract it from cells. This molecule signals when cells are close together, and its transmission depends on the proper alignment of cells. The later signal is a morphogen. It induces the cells to aggregate into ridge-like heaps that move as travelling waves. Later the aggregates become hemispherical mounds, and eventually species-specific fruiting bodies. The later signal also induces cells within the fruiting body to differentiate myxospores. One signal can do these several different things because each has a different threshold signal intensity.
Publications
- Igoshin OA, Goldbetter A, Kaiser D, Oster G "A biochemical oscillator explains several aspects of Myxococcus xanthus behavior during development" Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 2004; 101: More »
- Wolgemuth C, Hoiczyk E, Kaiser D, Oster G "How myxobacteria glide." Curr Biol 2002; 12: 5: 369-77 More »
- Gronewold TM, Kaiser D "The act operon controls the level and time of C-signal production for Myxococcus xanthus development." Mol Microbiol 2001; 40: 3: 744-56 More »
- Welch R, Kaiser D "Cell behavior in traveling wave patterns of myxobacteria." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98: 26: 14907-12 More »
- Julien B, Kaiser AD, Garza A "Spatial control of cell differentiation in Myxococcus xanthus." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97: 16: 9098-103 More »
6 publications: view full list
