Surgical Simulation
Collaborators: Nikolas Blevins, MD, Kenneth Salisbury PhD, Federico Barbagli PhD, Christopher Sewell MS, Daniel Morris MS
In order to be safe and effective, the otologic surgeon must have a complete understanding of the intricate anatomy of the ear and skull base. Such an understanding is difficult to acquire from traditional two-dimensional media. Similarly, the surgical technique of working within this confined space in close proximity to vital neurovascular structures is difficult to convey within the setting of actual surgery. For these reasons, the application of an immersive computer simulation environment is a natural fit for providing education in this surgical subspecialty.
We are developing a surgical simulator for ear and temporal bone surgery. In collaboration with the Biorobotics group, a working system for skull base dissection has been created incorporating anatomically accurate stereoscopic models, and a touch-feedback (haptic) interface.
The Stanford Temporal Bone Surgical Simulator has incorporated innovative simulation techniques to maximize its realism and educational utility. Such innovative features include a hybrid volumetric and surface representation of anatomy for haptic and graphic rendering, a custom-developed simulation environment and user interface, and the potential for networked haptics – allowing multiple user s to manipulate and “feel” the same anatomic simulation. The system also incorporates a scripting language through which an instructor can establish the expected flow of the surgical procedure. Through the application of these rules, and more generalized metrics defining safe and effective surgery, the user can receive timely feedback regarding performance. Future plans include the incorporation of patient-specific data from preoperative imaging studies to allow for rehearsal of scheduled procedures.
