Infectious Diseases– In the Department of Medicine

Division of Infectious Diseases Clinical Fellows

Eran Bendavid, MD

Eran Bendavid, MD started his infectious disease fellowship at Stanford in 2005. He received his MD degree from Harvard Medical School, and completed his residency at the University of Pennsylvania and at Stanford.

His research interests include evaluation of guidelines for treatment of HIV in developing countries, cost-effectiveness of adopting technologies for low-resource settings, and outcomes evaluation of HIV management programs.  Current projects focus on modeling cost-effectiveness of HIV monitoring strategies in resource-limited settings, cost-effectiveness of expanding antiretroviral therapy in developing countries, evaluation of PEPFAR outcomes, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of reducing concurrent sexual partnerships for HIV prevention, and the effects of the HIV epidemic in Africa on the dependent elderly.

Among his mentors are Drs. Doug Owens, Alan Garber, David Katzenstein, and Margaret Brandeau.

PUBLICATIONS:

Campbell EG, Bendavid E. Data-sharing and data-withholding in genetics and the life sciences: results of a national survey of technology transfer officers. Journal of Health Care Law & Policy. 6(2):241-55, 2003.

Weissman, JS, Bendavid E.  Should U.S. Hospitals Go 24/7?  American Journal of Medicine. 117(3): 202-203, 2004.

Campbell EG, Vogeli C, Yucel R, Bendavid E, Jones LM, Anderson LA, Louis KS.  Data Withholding and the Next Generation Scientists: Results of a National Survey.  Academic Medicine.  81(2): 128-136, 2006.

Weissman JS, Rothschild J, Bendavid E, Cook, EF, Sprivulis P, David-Kasdan J, Bender M, Evans S, Haug P, Lloyd J, Selbovitz LG, Murff H, Bates DW.  Hospital Workload and Adverse Events.  Medical Care. 45(5): 448-455, 2007.

Bendavid E, Kaganova J, Needleman J, Gruenberg L, Weissman JS.  Complication Rates on Weekends and Weekdays in U.S. Hospitals.  American Journal of Medicine. 120(5): 422-428, 2007.

Liu H, Bravata DM, Olkin I, Friedlander A, Liu V, Roberts B, Bendavid E, Saynina O, Garber AM, Hoffman AR.  Systematic Review: The Effects of Growth Hormone on Athletic Performance.  Annals of Internal Medicine. May 20, 2008; 148(10):747-58.

Bendavid E, Katzenstein DA, Bayoumi AM, Sanders GD, Young SD, Owens DK.  Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Monitoring Strategies in Resource-Limited Settings – a Southern African Analysis.  Archives of Internal Medicine. Sep 22, 2008; 168(17):1910-8.

Bendavid E, Bhattacharya J.  PEPFAR in Africa: An Evaluation of Outcomes.  In Submission.

Bendavid E, Wood R, Katzenstein DA, Bayoumi AM, Owens DK.  Antiretroviral Strategies and Treatment Monitoring in Resource-Limited Settings – A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.  In Submission.

Bendavid E.  Monitoring of Antiretroviral Therapy in Low-Resource Settings (Letter).  Lancet.  372(9635):288-9, 2008.

Young SD, Bendavid E.  Seeking Psychological Cover to Avoid HIV Testing Stigma.  In Submission.

Kautz T, Bhattacharya J, Bendavid E, Miller NG.  AIDS and Dependency among Africa’s Elderly.  In Submission.

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Alicia Chang, MD

Alicia Chang, MD received her MD degree from UCSF, and completed her residency in Internal Medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston . Currently in her 4th year at Stanford, she is completing the MS degree in Epidemiology under the mentorship of Dr. Julie Parsonnet. Dr. Chang’s research interests include understanding the effects of chronic disease on host susceptibility to infections, principally to M. tuberculosis. Her current projects include a clinical study to evaluate the effect of diabetes on risk of active TB, a collaboration with the Santa Clara County TB clinic to study the effect of lengthening isoniazid therapy for latent TB infection, and a clinical challenge study to evaluate the effect of H. pylori and hypochlorhydria on subsequent infection with enteropathogenic E. coli.

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Aarthi Chary, MD

Aarthi Chary, MD is a 1st year fellow originally from Ohio, where she  completed medical school at Case Western Reserve University. More recently she has called Oregon home, after completing her internal medicine training at Oregon Health Sciences University and spending an interim year working as both a teaching hospitalist and a research assistant in a tuberculosis lab. Her research interests are focused primarily on clinical HIV, public health and epidemiology.

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Birgitt L. Dau, MD

Birgitt L. Dau, MD is a 3rd year ID fellow.  She completed her medical school training at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine in 2002. Her residency training was at the University of Washington in Seattle and included Chief Residency at the Puget Sound VA ending in 2006.  Her research is focused on looking at mutational patterns in HIV and how they are associated with clinical outcomes for HIV-infected patients.  She analyzed the connection domain of HIV reverse transciptase in a population of highly treatment-experienced patients in the OPTIMA Trial, and presented this research at the International AIDS Conference in Mexico City in August, 2008, where she received the Young Investigator Award for this work. She is now using the national VA HIV database to look at long term outcomes of 3 to 5 years of people on antiretroviral treatment depending on which type of antiretroviral regimen they are receiving.  The analysis will include more than 8,000 patients who have received treatment through the VA since the year 2000, so there is significant power to detect differences in long-term clinical outcomes, particularly compared to standard HIV clinical treatment trials which rely on 24 to 48 week endpoints.

PUBLICATIONS:

Dau, B and Holodniy, M. "Novel Targets for Antiretroviral Therapy: Clinical Progress to Date".  Drugs, 2008.  Invited article, under review.

Dau, B. et al. "Connection Domain Mutations Are Common in Treatment-Experienced Patients and Are Associated with Virologic Outcome". XVI International AIDS Conference, Mexico City, August 3-8, 2008.  Abstract no 1874.

Dau, B. and Holodniy, M. Infectious Complications in OIF/OEF Veterans with Traumatic Brain Injury.  Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development. 2008.  Accepted, awaiting publication.

Dau, B. and Holodniy, M.  The Relationship between HIV infection and Cardiovascular Disease. Clinical Cardiology Reviews. 2008.  Accepted, awaiting publication.

PRESENTATIONS:

2008     "Infections in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom Veterans Receiving Care at a VA Polytrauma Unit", 48th Annual ICAAC/IDSA 46th Annual Meeting October 25-28, Washington, D.C.  Poster Presentation K-4066.

2008     "Connection Domain Mutations Are Common in Treatment-Experienced Patients and Are Associated with Virologic Outcome". XVI International AIDS Conference, Session: Drug Resistance Surveillance in Treatment Experiences, August 5th, 2008.

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Michael Gelman, MD, PhD

Michael Gelman, MD, PhD is a 1st year fellow originally from New Jersey. He completed the MST Program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, then did a residency in internal medicine at the University of Washington hospital system in Seattle. His PhD research in organic chemistry focused on the synthesis and biological activity of novel small molecules, including peptide analogues designed to interact with the HIV TAR RNA as well as biocidal polystyrene derivatives. He is co-inventor on two US patents. His current research interests involve the development of new low-cost, low-infrastructure diagnostic technologies for infectious diseases.

PUBLICATIONS:

Gelman, M. A.; Gellman, S. H. "Using constrained β-amino acid residues to control β-peptide shape and function," in Juaristi, E., ed., Enantioselective synthesis of β-amino acids, 2/e, 2005. Hoboken, NJ:
John Wiley and Sons.

Gelman, M. A.; Weisblum, B.; Lynn, D. M.; Gellman, S. H. "Biocidal activity of polystyrenes that are cationic by virtue of protonation."
Org. Lett., 2004, 6, 557-560.

Gelman, M. A. Synthesis and biological applications of cationic β-peptides and styrenic copolymers (PhD thesis). 2003. With Prof.
Samuel H. Gellman, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin.

Gelman, M. A.; Richter, S.; Cao, H.; Umezawa, N.; Gellman, S. H.; Rana, T. M. "Selective binding of TAR RNA by a Tat-derived β-peptide."
Org. Lett. 2003, 5, 3563-3565.

Umezawa, N.; Gelman, M. A.; Haigis, M. C.; Raines, R. T.; Gellman, S.
H. "Translocation of a β-peptide across cell membranes." J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 2002, 124, 368-369.

Gelman, M. A. Directed combinatorial organic chemistry in ligand design (undergraduate thesis). 1996. With Prof. Stuart L. Schreiber, Department of Chemistry, Harvard University.

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Shirit Einav, MD

Shirit Einav, MD is a 4th year ID fellow. She completed her medical school training at the Sackler school of medicine in Tel-Aviv university, Israel. She did her residency in Internal Medicine at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston. Her research interest is molecular virology of Hepatitis C virus. Her goal is to identify new viral targets for potential novel anti-HCV specific treatment. She is also interested in viral-host interactions, viral-induced oncogenesis and developing microfluidics techniques for studying membrane proteins. She was recently awarded a Clinical Investigator (KO8) award from the NIAID/NIH.

Mentor: Dr. Jeffrey Glenn (GI). Co-mentor: Dr. Stephen Quake (Bioengineering).

Included among her ongoing projects: translating her recently identified targets of NS4B GTpase domain and RNA binding to the development of novel anti-HCV strategies, identifying new viral-host protein-protein interactions by a novel methodology, identifying novel mechanisms for viral related hepatocarcinogenesis and more.

PUBLICATIONS:

Einav S, Gerber D, Bryson PD, Sklan EH, Elazar M, Maerkl SJ, Glenn JS, Quake SR. Discovery of a hepatitis C target and its pharmacological inhibitors by microfluidic affinity analysis. Nature Biotechnology. 2008 Sept 26 (9): 1019-27. PMID: 18758449. (+Journal Cover).

Einav S, Sklan H E, Moon E, Gehrig E, Liu P, Hao Y, Lowe AW and Glenn JS.  The nucleotide binding motif of hepatitis C virus NS4B can mediate NIH3T3 transformation and tumor formation in the absence of activated Ha-ras co-transfection. Hepatology. 2008 Mar 47(3):827-35. PMID: 18081150.

Sklan EH, Serrano RL, Einav S, Pfeffer SR, Lambright DG, Glenn JS. TBC1D20 is a Rab1 GAP that mediates HCV replication. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2007 Dec 14; 282(50):36354-61. PMID: 17901050.

Shafer RW, Einav S and Chou S (2007). Mechanisms of resistance to antiviral agents. In Manual of clinical microbiology, 9th edition, Murray PR ed, Baron EJ ed, Jorgensen JH ed, Pfaller MA ed, Tenover FC ed, and Yolken RH ed. American Society of Microbiology. 1689-04.

Einav S, Elazar M, Danieli T, and Glenn JS. A nucleotide binding motif in HCV NS4B mediates HCV RNA replication. Journal of Virology. 2004 Oct 78 (20):11288-95. PMID: 15452248.

Einav S, Glenn JS. Prenylation inhibitors: a novel class of antiviral agents. Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2003 November; 52: 883-886. Review. PMID: 14613953.

Einav S, Koziel MJ. Immunopathogenesis of Hepatitis C in the Immunosuppressed host. Transplant Infectious Disease. 2002 June; 4(2):85-92. Review. PMID: 12220245.

Einav S, Pozdnyakova OO, Ma M, Carroll MC. Complement C4 is protective for lupus disease independent of C3. Journal of Immunology. 2002 Feb 1;168(3):1036-41. PMID: 11801636.

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Philip Grant, MD

Phil Grant's research involves managing complications of antiretrovirals (e.g., resistance, IRIS, and adverse effects) in domestic populations.  His mentor is Andrew Zolopa.  Phil originally is from Pasadena, California.  He completed his medical school at UCSF and residency at University of Washington. 

PUBLICATIONS:

Grant P, Wong EC, Rode R, Shafer R, De Luca A, Nadler J, Hawkins T, Cohen C, Harrington R, Kempf D, Zolopa A. Virologic Response to Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Antiretroviral Regimens in a Multi-Center International Clinical Cohort: Comparison of Genotypic Interpretation Scores. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Aug 18. [Epub ahead of print]

Grant P, Zolopa A, Landovitz R. Immediate ART After an OI: Are We There Yet?. AIDS Clinical Care 2008;20:74-75.

Grant P, Zolopa A. Integrase Inhibitors: A Clinical Review of Integrase Inhibitors. J HIV Therapy in press.

Grant, P, Hooton, TM, Persistent and Recurrent Urethritis, in Current Diagnosis & Treatment Sexually Transmitted Disease, Klausner, JD, Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2007; chapter 7.

Frick, P, Tapia K, Grant P, Novotny M, Kerzee J. The effect of a multidisciplinary program on HAART adherence. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 2006;20:511-524.

Akiyama K, Suzuki H, Grant P, Bing RJ. Oxidation Products of Nitric Oxide, NO2 and NO3, in Plasma after Experimental Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 1997;29:1-9.

Suzuki H, Wolf WP, Akiyama K, Horstman D, Grant P, Bing RJ. Effect of Inhibitors of Form of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Infarcted Heart Muscle. Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians 1996;108:173-178.

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Anita Koshy, MD

Anita Koshy, MD (4th year) originally hails from the great state of New Mexico. She attended medical school at Duke University, where she was voted least likely to ever recross the Mason-Dixon Line. She began her training in Internal Medicine at University of Washington in Seattle, WA. After a scant two years, she decided Internal Medicine residency was too short and changed to Neurology residency at the University of California, San Francisco. After completing her Neurology residency, she decided to further extend her housestaff years by becoming an Infectious Disease fellow, with the goal of ultimately settling in the small but burgeoning field of neuro-infectious disease. Her research interests are in the immunology and pathogenesis of central nervous system infections. To that end, she works in the lab of John Boothroyd, where she is using the mouse model of toxoplasmosis to understand how Toxoplasma gondii establishes a chronic infection in the central nervous system.

Mentor: John Boothroyd, PhD

PUBLICATIONS:

Koshy A, DeArmond SJ, Haman A, Johnson JK, Dorosin SA, Miller BL, Geschwind MD.  Video palinopsia in Heidenhain forms of sporadic CJD. (2008) In preparation

Chiu, CY, Rouskin S, Koshy A, Urisman A, Fischer K, Yagi S, Schnurr D, Eckburg PB, Tompkins LS, Blackburn BG, Ganem D, DeRisi JC. Microarray detection of human parainfluenzavirus 4 infection associated with respiratory failure in an immunocompetent adult. CID 2006; 43 (8): e71-e76.

Jiang X, Mu D, Manabal C, Koshy AA, Christen S, Tauber MG, Vexler ZS, Ferriero D. Differential vulnerability of immature murine neurons to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Exp Neurology 2004; 190(1): 224-32.

Almli LA, Hamrick SE, Koshy AA, Tauber MG, Ferriero DM. Multiple pathways of neuroprotection against oxidative stress and excitotoxic injury in the immature primary hippocampal neurons. Dev Brain Research 2001; 132: 121-129.

Book Chapters:

Koshy A.  Fever and Headache.  Emergency Management of Infectious Diseases, RL Chin, MS Diamond, and TA Reynolds, eds.  (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008), pp 221-231.

Koshy AA, Jay CA.  Infections of the Nervous System.  Clinical Adult Neurology, 3rd Edition, J Corey-Bloom, R David Eds.  (New York: Demos Medical Publishing) In preparation

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Phillip Pang, MD

Phillip Pang, MD, PhD attended Stanford University for his undergraduate degree in biological sciences.  He completed the MST program at Columbia University in 2004, and returned to Stanford for his residency in Internal Medicine.  He is currently a 3rd year fellow in Infectious Disease. His Ph.D. thesis primarily focused on RNA-protein interactions, specifically the NS3 helicase from hepatitis C.  A second part of his Ph.D. work focused on designing new statistical techniques to analyze related genomes in an effort to extract functional information: in silico molecular analysis. His current interests are exploring through both wet lab and dry lab techniques the immunology and pathogenesis of viruses.

http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/frdActionServlet?choiceId=printerprofile&fid=9916

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Amy S. Sturt, MD

Amy S. Sturt, MD attended medical school at Georgetown University and completed her residency at New York University.  Her research interests include infections in pregnancy and the epidemiology of HIV in pregnant women and their perinatally infected children. Current projects involve an analysis of the natural history of HIV in the pediatric population and an investigation of the epidemiologic risk factors contributing to the mother-to-child transmission of HIV in the era of combination anti-retroviral therapy.

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Frank Trinh, MD

Frank Trinh, MD (4th Year) grew up in Rockville , MD.   He received his medical training at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore and stayed at the University of Maryland for his Internal Medicine residency.  After residency, he spent one year working as a hospitalist at the Martinsburg, WV VA Medical Center prior to starting his fellowship at Stanford.  His research interests include hepatitis B virus pathogenesis in monoinfected and HIV-coinfected individuals.  Current projects include a retrospective study evaluating the relationship between hepatitis B cccDNA and clinical outcomes and a prospective study investigating the relationship between hepatitis B and HIV genital shedding in coinfected patients. 

Mentor: Dennis M. Israelski, MD

Publications: 

  1. Toledano MB , I Kullik, F Trinh, PT Baird, TD Schneider, and G Storz.  “Redox-dependent shift of OxyR-DNA contacts along an extended DNA-binding site: a mechanism for differential promoter selection.”  Cell, 1994, Vol. 78, pp 897-909.
  2. Toledano MB , D Ghosh, F Trinh, and WJ Leonard.  “N-Terminal DNA-binding domains contribute to differential DNA-binding specificities of NF-kB p50 and p65.”  Molecular and Cellular Biology, 1993, Vol. 13, pp 852-860.

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Stephanie Troy, MD

Stephanie Troy,MD started her fellowship in July 2007, received her MD degree from the University of California at San Diego and completed her residency at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Her primary research interests include vaccines, HIV, and international health.  She is currently working with Dr. Yvonne Maldonado on a project in Zimbabwe investigating the immunogenicity and duration of shedding of live oral polio vaccine when given to HIV-infected versus uninfected children.

PUBLICATIONS:

Troy SB, Blackburn BG, Yeom K, Finley Caulfield AK, Bhangoo MS, Montoya JG.  Severe Encephalomyelitis in an Immunocompetent Adult with Chromosomally-Integrated Human Herpesvirus 6 and Clinical Response to Foscarnet plus Ganciclovir.  Clinical Infectious Diseases.  In press.

Troy SB, Rickman LS, and Davis CE.  Brucellosis in San Diego:  Epidemiology and Species-Related Differences in Acute Clinical Presentations. Medicine. 2005;84:174-187.

Davis CE, Troy SB. Brucellosis.  The New England Journal of Medicine. 2005;353: 1071-1072.

Dapper G, Wallace DG, Yamamoto R, Barrett (Troy) S, Ly D, Nguyen M, Moravcsik P, Lifrieri J, Tran H, Reich C, and Sawyer PN. Attachment of gelatin films to tissue using argon beam coagulator. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: Applied Biomaterials. 1998;43(2):89-98.

Lahey J and Barrett (Troy) S.  Elective Chemistry Resource Manual for Teachers in Senior Secondary Schools.  Peace Corps Ghana. May 1998.

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