Publications

2014 - 2017 Publications

Ouyang YB, Ning SC, Adler JR, MacIver B, Knox SJ, Giffard RG. Alteration of interneuron immunoreactivity and autophagic activity in rat hippocampus after single high-dose whole-brain irradiation. Cureus. 2017 June 30. 9(6): e1414. doi: 10.7759/cureus.1414

Bell JD, Cho JE, Giffard RG. MicroRNA Changes in Preconditioning-Induced Neuroprotection. Translational Stroke Research. 2017 June 23. doi: 10.1007/s12975-017-0547-1

Stary CM, Xu LJ, Li L, Sun XY, Ouyang YB, Xiong XX, Zhao J, Giffard RG. Inhibition of miR-181a Protects Female Mice from Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia by Targeting Astrocyte Extrogen Receptor-α. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience. 2017 May 15. 82; 118-125. doi: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.05.004.

Dagne BA, Sunay MK, Cayla NS, Ouyang YB, Knox SJ, Giffard RG. High dose gamma radiation selectively reduces GABAA-slow inhibition. Cureus. 2017 March 4. ;9(3):e1076. doi: 10.7759/cureus.1076.

Chang, J, Mancuso MR, Maier-Albers C, Liang, X, Yuki K, Yang L, Kwong JW, Wang J, Rao V, Vallon M, Kosinski C, Zhang H, Mah AT, Xu LJ, Li L, Gholamin S, Reyes TF, Li R, Kuhnert F, Han X, Yuan J, Chiou SH, Brettman AD, Wang Z, Tracy L, Corney DC, Cheshier SH, Shortliffe LD, Wu X, Snyder M, Chan P, Giffard RG, Chang HY, Andreasson K, Kuo CJ. Grp124 is essential for pathologic blood-brain barrier integrity. Nature Medicine. 2017 March. doi: 10.1038/nm.4309
Voloboueva LA, Sun X, Xu L, Ouyang YB, Giffard RG. Distinct effects of miR-210 reduction on neurogenesis: increased neuronal survival of inflammation but reduced proliferation associated with mitochondrial enhancement. J Neurosci. 2017 Feb 10: 1777-16. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1777-16.2017. Epub 2017 Feb 10. PMID: 28188219

Stary CM, Sun X, Ouyang Y, Li L, Giffard RG. miR-29a differentially regulates cell survival in astrocytes from cornu ammonis 1 and dentate gyrus by targeting VDAC1. Mitochondrion. 2016 Sep;30:248-54. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.08.013. Epub 2016 Aug 21.
Stary CM, Sun X., Giffard RG. Astrocytes Protect against Isoflurane Neurotoxicity by Buffering Pro-Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Anesthesiology. 123(4):810-9, 2015.
Sun X, Voloboueva L, Stary CM, Giffard RG. Physiologically normal 5% O2 Supports Neuronal Differentiation and Resistance to Inflammatory Injury in Neural Stem Cell Cultures. Journal of Neuroscience Research. 93(11):1703-12, 2015.
Xiong X, Xu LJ, Wei L, White RE, Ouyang YB, Giffard RG. IL-4 is required for Sex Differences in Vulnerability to Focal Ischemia in Mice. Stroke 46(8):2271-6, 2015.
Stary CM, Xu L, Sun X, Ouyang YB, White RE, Leong J, Li J, Xiong X, Giffard RG. MicroRNA-200c contributes to injury from transient focal cerebral ischemia by targeting Reelin. Stroke 46(2): 551-6, 2015.
Ouyang YB, Stary CM, White RE, Giffard RG. The Use of microRNAs to Modulate Redox and Immune Response to Stroke. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. 22(2): 187-202, 2015.
Xu LJ, Ouyang YB, Xiong X, Stary CM, Giffard RG. Post-stroke treatment with miR-181 antagomir reduces injury and improves long-term behavioral recovery in mice after focal cerebral ischemia. Experimental Neurology 264: 1-7, 2015.
Stary CM, Giffard RG. Advances in Astrocyte-targeted Approaches for Stroke Therapy: An Emerging Role for Mitochondria and microRNAS. Neurochemical Research. 40(2):301-7, 2015.
Ouyang YB, Giffard RG. MicroRNAs affect BCL-2 family proteins in the setting of cerebral ischemia. Neurochemistry International. 77:2-8, 2014.
Ouyang YB, Xu L, Yue S, Liu S, Giffard RG. Neuroprotection by astrocytes in brain ischemia: importance of microRNAs. Neuroscience Letters. 17; 565:53-8, 2014.
Sheppard PW, Sun X, Khammash M, Giffard RG. Overexpression of heat shock protein 72 attenuates NF-κB activation using a combination of regulatory mechanisms in microglia. PLoS Computational Biology. 6;10(2):e1003471, 2014.

2011 - 2013 PUBLICATIONS

Moon JM, Xu L, Giffard RG. Inhibition of microRNA-181 reduces forebrain ischemia induced neuronal loss. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 33(12): 1976-82, 2013.
Ouyang YB, Xu L, Lu Y, Sun XY, Xiong XX, Giffard RG. Astrocyte enriched miR-29a targets PUMA and reduces neuronal vulnerability to forebrain ischemia. Glia, 61(11):1784-1794, 2013.
Voloboueva LA, Emery JF, Sun X, Giffard RG. Inflammatory response of microglial BV2 cells includes a glycolytic shift and is modulated by mitochondrial glucose regulated protein 75/mortalin. FEBS Letters, 587(6):756-62, 2013.
Xiong X, White RE, Xu L, Yang L, Sun X, Zou B, Pascual C, Sakura T, Giffard RG, Xie X. Mitigation of murine focal cerebral ischemia by the hypocretin/orexin system is associated with reduced inflammation. Stroke, 44(3):764-70, 2013.
Sun X, Budas G, Xu L, Barreto G, Mochly-Rosen D, Giffard RG. Selective activation of PKC epsilon in mitochondria is neuroprotective in vitro and reduces focal ischemic brain injury in mice. J Neurosci Res, 91(6):799-807, 2013.
Barreto GE, Sun X, Xu L, White RE, Emery J, Palm CJ, Giffard RG. Effects of Hsp72 on astrocyte activation following stroke in the mouse. Experimental Neurology, 238(2):284-96, 2012.
White RE, Palm CJ, Ling EB, Daigle BJ, Han R, Patterson AJ, Altman RB, Giffard RG. Mice lacking the β2 adrenergic receptor have an attenuated inflammatory response to focal cerebral ischemia. ASN Neuro, 4(5):e00096, 2012.
Lafargue M, Carles M, Xu L, Iles KE, Tadie-Serve E, Anjum N, Giffard RG, Pittet JF. Stroke increases lung injury caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa via the activation of the α7 nicotinic receptor. FASEB Journal, 26(7):2919-29, 2012.
Zamanian JL, Xu L, Foo LC, Nouri N, Zhou L, Giffard RG, Barres BA. Genomic analysis of reactive astrogliosis. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(18):6391-410, 2012.
White RE, Giffard RG. MicroRNA-320 Induces Neurite Outgrowth by Targeting ARPP-1. Neuroreport, 23(10):590-5, 2012.
Adelson J, Barreto GE, Xu L, Brott B, Ouyang YB, Naserke T, Djurisic M, Xiong X, Shatz CJ, Giffard RG. Neuroprotection from stroke in the absence of MHCI or PirB. Neuron, 73(6): 1100-7, 2012.
Ouyang YB, Lu Y, Yue S, Giffard RG. MiR-181 targets multiple Bcl-2 family members and influences apoptosis and mitochondrial function in astrocytes. Mitochondrion, 12: 213-219, 2012.
Ouyang YB, Lu Y, Yue S, Xu L, Xiong X, White RE, Sun X, Giffard RG. MiR-181 regulates GRP78 and influences outcome from cerebral ischemia in vitro and in vivo. Neurobiology of Disease 45: 555–563, 2012.
Barreto GE, Sun X, Xu L, Giffard RG. Astrocyte proliferation following stroke in the mouse depends on distance from the infarct. PLoS ONE 6(11): e27881, 2011.
Voloboueva LA, Giffard RG. Inflammation, mitochondria, and the inhibition of adult neurogenesis. Journal of Neuroscience Research 89: 1989-1996, 2011.
Tang XN, Zheng Z, Giffard RG, Yenari MA. Significance of marrow-Derived nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in experimental ischemic stroke. Annals of Neurology 70: 606-615, 2011.
Sheppard PW, Sun XY, Emery JF, Giffard RG, Khammash M. Quantitative characterization and analysis of the dynamic NF-kB response in microglia. BMC Bioinformatics, 12: 276, 2011.
Kacimi R, Giffard RG, Yenari MA. Endotoxin-activated microglia injure brain derived endothelial cells via NF-kB, JAK-STAT and JNK stress kinase pathways. Journal of Inflammation, 8(7), 2011.
Xiong X, Barreto G, Xu L, Ouyang Y, Xie X, Giffard RG. Increased brain injury and worsened neurological outcome in IL-4 Knockout mice following transient focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke, 42: 2026-2032, 2011. Selected and recommended by the Faculty of 1000.
Vizcaychipi M, Xu L, Barreto G, Ma D, Maze M, Giffard RG. Heat shock protein 72 overexpression prevents early postoperative cognitive dysfunction following orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia in mice. Anesthesiology, 114(4): 891-900, 2011. Selected as an Editor’s Choice article in Science Translation Medicine.
Ouyang YB, Xu L, Emery JF, Lee AS, Giffard RG. Overexpressing GRP78 influences Ca2+ handling and function of mitochondria in astrocytes after ischemia-like stress. Mitochondrion, 11(2): 279-286, 2011.
Xu L, Xiong X, Ouyang YB, Barreto G, Giffard RG. Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) improves long-term recovery after focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Neuroscience Letters 488(3): 279-282, 2011.

2009 - 2010 PUBLICATIONS

Huang WC, Qiao Y, Xu L, Kacimi R, Sun X, Giffard RG, Yenari MA. Direct protection of cultured neurons form ischemia-like injury by minocycline. Anatomy and Cell Biology, 43(4): 325-331, 2010.
Voloboueva LA, Lee SW, Emery JF, Palmer TD, Giffard RG. Mitochondrial Protection Attenuates Inflammation-Induced Impairment of Neurogenesis. In Vitro and In Vivo. Journal of Neuroscience: 30:12242-51, 2010, PMID 20844120.
Loram LC, Harrison JA, Chao L, Taylor FR, Reddy A, Travis CL, Giffard R, Al-Abed Y, Tracey K, Maier SF, Watkins LR. Intrathecal injection of an alpha seven nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist attenuates gp120-induced mechanical allodynia and spinal pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles in rats. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 24:959-67, 2010. PMID20353818.
Xu L, Emery JF, Ouyang YB, Voloboueva LA, Giffard RG. Astrocyte targeted overexpression of Hsp72 and SOD2 reduces neuronal vulnerability to forebrain ischemia. Glia, 58:1042-9, 2010. PMID 20235222.
Barreto G, Huang TT, Giffard RG. Age-related defects in sensorimotor activity, spatial learning, and memory in C57BL/6 mice. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology: 22(3); 214-19, 2010. PMID 20479674.
Xu L, Voloboueva LA, Ouyang Y, Emery JF, Giffard RG. Overexpression of mitochondrial Hsp70/75 in rat brain protects mitochondria, reduces oxidative stress, and protects from focal ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow Metabolism, 29(2); 365-74, 2009. PMID 18985056

EARLIER PUBLICATIONS

Giffard R., Han RQ, Emery JF, Duan M, Pittet JF. Regulation of apoptotic and inflammatory cell signaling in cerebral ischemia – the complex roles of Heat Shock Protein 70. Anesthesiology, 109(2):339-48, 2008. PMID 18648242
Voloboueva LA, Duan M, Ouyang YB, Emery JF, Stoy C, Giffard RG. Overexpression of mitochondrial Hsp70/Hsp75 protects astrocytes against ischemic injury in vitro. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 28(5):1009-16, 2008. PMID 18091755
Voloboueva LA, Suh SW, Swanson RA, Giffard RG. Inhibition of mitochondrial function in astrocytes: implications for neuroprotection, and the influence of neurons. Journal of Neurochemistry, 102:1383-1394, 2007. PMID 17488276
Xu L, Wang B, Kaur K, Kho MF, Cooke JP, Giffard RG. NOx and ADMA changes with focal ischemia, amelioration with the chaperonin GroEL. Neuroscience Letters, 418(2):201-4, 2007. PMID 17398004
Ouyang YB, Voloboueva LA, Xu L, Giffard RG. Selective dysfunction of hippocampal CA1 astrocytes contributes to delayed neuronal damage after transient forebrain ischemia. The Journal of Neuroscience, 27(16):4253-60, 2007. PMID 17442809
Lee YS, Ouyang YB, Giffard RG. Regulation of the rat brain Na+-driven Cl-/HCO3- exchanger involves protein kinase A and a multiprotein signaling complex. FEBS Letters, 580(20): 4865-4871, 2006. PMID 16916513
Ouyang YB, Xu L, Sun YJ, Giffard RG. Over-expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 and its mutants in astrocytes is associated with maintenance of mitochondrial physiology during glucose deprivation stress. Cell Stress & Chaperones, 11(2): 180-186, 2006. PMID 16817324
Yenari MA, Xu L, Tang XN, Qiao Y, Giffard RG. Microglia potentiate damage to blood brain barrier constituents: improvement by minocycline in vivo and in vitro. Stroke, 37(4): 1087-1093, 2006. PMID 16497985
Chock VY, Amir G, Davis CR, Ramamoorthy C, Riemer RK, Ray D, Giffard RG, Reddy VM. Antegrade cerebral perfusion reduces apoptotic neuronal injury in a neonatal piglet model of cardiopulmonary bypass. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 131(3): 659-665, 2006. PMID 16515920
Xu L, Dayal M, Ouyang YB, Sun Yunjuan, Yang CF, Frydman J, Giffard RG. Chaperonin GroEL and its mutant D87K protect from ischemia in vivo and in vitro. Neurobiology of Aging, 27(4): 562-569, 2006. PMID 16257478
Sun YJ, Ouyang YB, Chow A-M, Anderson R, Hecker J, Giffard RG. The carboxyl-terminal domain of inducible HSP70 protects from ischemic injury in vivo and in vitro. . Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 26: 937-950, 2006. PMID 16292251
Lee YS, Song YS, Giffard RG, Chan PH. Biphasic role of nuclear factor –k B on cell survival and COX-2 expression in SOD1 Tg astrocytes after oxygen glucose deprivation. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 26(8): 1076-1088, 2006. Epub December 2005. PMID 16395278
Yenari MA., Liu J, Zheng Z, Vexler ZS., Lee JE, Giffard RG. Antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of heat-shock protein protection. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 1053: 74-83, 2005. PMID 16179510
Giffard RG and Swanson RA. Ischemia-induced programmed cell death in astrocytes. Glia, 50: 299-306, 2005. PMID 15846803
Ouyang, Y-B, Xu, X, Giffard RG. Geldanamycin treatment reduces delayed CA1 damage in mouse hippocampal organotypic cultures subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation. Neuroscience Letters, 380: 229-233, 2005. PMID 15862891
Wang J, Ma JH, Giffard RG. Overexpression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase decreases ischemia-like astrocyte injury. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 38: 1112-8, 2005. PMID 15780769
Chock V and Giffard RG. Development of neonatal murine microglia In Vitro: changes in response to lipopolysaccharide and ischemia-like injury. Pediatric Research, 57(4): 475-480, 2005. PMID 15718374
Giffard RG and Ouyang Y. Effect of over-expression of protective genes on mitochondrial function of stressed astrocytes. Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, 36: 313-315, 2004. PMID 15377864
Xu L, Chock V, Giffard RG. Susceptibility to apoptosis varies with age in cultured murine neurons and astrocytes: changes in gene expression and activity. Neurological Research, 26: 632-643, 2004. PMID 15327753
Giffard RG, Xu L, Zhao H, Carrico W, Ouyang Y, Qiao Y, Sapolsky R, Steinberg G, Hu B, Yenari MA. Chaperones, protein aggregation, and brain protection from hypoxic/ischemic injury. Journal of Experimental Biology, 207: 3213-3220, 2004. PMID 15299042
Ouyang Y and Giffard RG. Cellular neuroprotective mechanisms in cerebral ischemia: Bcl-2 family proteins and protection of mitochondrial function. Cell Calcium, 36: 303-311, 2004. PMID 15261486
Kim JH, Yenari MA, Giffard RG, Park KA, Lee JE. Agmatine reduces infarct area in a mouse model of transient focal cerebral Ischemia and protects cultured neurons from Ischemia-like injury. Experimental Neurology, 189: 122-130, 2004. PMID 15296842
Wang J, Bright B, Mochly-Rosen D, Giffard RG. Cell-specific role for ε- and βI- protein kinase C isozymes in protecting cortical neurons and astrocytes from ischemia-like injury. Neuropharmacology, 47: 136-145, 2004. PMID 15165841
Ouyang Y, and Giffard RG. Changes in astrocyte mitochondrial function with stress: effects of Bcl-2 family proteins. Neurochemistry International, 45: 371-379, 2004. PMID 15145551
Lee JE, Kim YJ, Kim JY, Lee WT, Yenari MA, Giffard RG. The 70 kD heat shock protein suppresses matrix metalloproteinases in astrocytes. Neuroreport, 15: 499-502, 2004. PMID 15094511
Giffard RG and Yenari MA. Many mechanisms for Hsp70 protection from cerebral ischemia. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, 16(1): 53-61, 2004. PMID 14676570
Giffard RG, Lee YS, Ouyang YB, Murphy SL, Monyer H. Two Variants of the brain sodium driven chloride bicarbonate exchanger (NCBE), developmental expression and addition of a PDZ motif. European Journal of Neuroscience, 18: 2935-2945, 2003. PMID 14656289
Xu L, Ouyang Y, Giffard RG. Geldanamycin reduces necrotic and apoptotic injury due to oxygen-glucose deprivation in astrocytes. Neurological Research, 25: 697-700, 2003. PMID 14579785
Qiao Y, Ouyang Y, and Giffard RG. Overexpression of HDJ-2 protects astrocytes from ischemia like injury and reduces redistribution of ubiquitin staining in vitro. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 23: 1113-1116, 2003. PMID 14526221
Yenari MA, Zhao H, Giffard RG, Sobel RA, Sapolsky RM, Steinberg, GK. Gene therapy and hypothermia for stroke treatment. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 993: 54-68, 2003. PMID 12853295
Giffard RG and Fiskum G. Perinatal brain injury: The role of development in vulnerability. Anesthesiology, 98(5): 1039-1041, 2003. PMID 12717122
Ouyang YB and Giffard RG. Bcl-Xl maintains mitochondrial function in murine astrocytes deprived of glucose. Journal Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 23(3): 275-279, 2003. PMID 12621302
Lee WT, Lee SH, Carriedo SG, Giffard RG, Yoon YJ, Kim JH, Park KA, Lee JE. UV-vulnerability of human papilloma virus type-16 E7- expressing astrocytes is associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase-3 activation. Molecules and Cells, 14(2): 288-294, 2002. PMID 12442903
Howard S, Bottino C, Brooke S, Cheng E, Giffard R, Sapolsky R. Neuroprotective effects of bcl-2 overexpression in hippocampal cultures: Interactions with pathways of oxidative damage. Journal of Neurochemistry, 83: 914-923, 2002. PMID 12421364
Glassford A, Lee JE, Xu L, Giffard RG. Caspase inhibitors reduce the apoptotic but not necrotic component of kainate injury in primary murine cortical neuronal cultures. Neurological Research, 24: 796-800, 2002. PMID 12500703
Giffard RG and Jaffe RA. Advances in understanding protection from cerebral ischemia. Current Opinion in Anesthesiology. 15: 1-6, 2002. PMID 17019244
Ouyang YB, Carriedo SG, Giffard RG. Effect of BCL-XL over-expression on reactive oxygen species, intracellular calcium, and mitochondrial membrane potential following injury in astrocytes. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 33(4): 544-551, 2002. PMID 12160936
Kelly S, Zhang ZJ, Zhao H, Xu L, Giffard RG, Sapolsky RM, Yenari MA, Steinberg GK. Gene transfer of HSP72 protects cornu ammonis 1 region of the hippocampus neurons from global ischemia: Influence of Bcl-2. Annals of Neurology, 52 (2): 160-166, 2002. PMID 12210785
Han HS, Qiao Y, Karabiyikoglu M, Giffard RG, Yenari MA. Influence of mild hypothermia on inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and reactive nitrogen production in experimental stroke and inflammation. Journal of Neuroscience, 22(10): 3921-3928, 2002. PMID 12019311
Xu L, Yenari MA, Steinberg GK, Giffard RG. Mild hypothermia reduces apoptosis of mouse neurons in vitro early in the cascade. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism; 22: 21-28, 2002. PMID 11807390
Hoehn B, Ringer TM, Xu L, Giffard RA, Sapolsky RM, Steinberg GK, Yenari MA. Overexpression of HSP72 after the induction of experimental stroke protects neurons from ischemic damage. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism; 21: 1303-1309, 2001. PMID 11702045
Lee WT, Lee JE, Lee SH, Jang HS, Giffard RG, Park KA. Human papilloma virus type 16 E7 genes protect astrocytes against apoptotic and necrotic death induced by hydrogen Peroxide. Yonsei Medical Journal; 42(5): 471-479, 2001. PMID 11675674
Xu L, Sapolsky RM, Giffard RG. Differential sensitivity of murine astrocytes and neurons from different brain regions to injury. Experimental Neurology; 169: 416-424, 2001. PMID 11358455
Lee JE, Yenari MA, Sun GH, Xu L, Edmond MR, Cheng D, Steinberg GK, Giffard RG. Differential neuroprotection from human heat shock protein 70 overexpression in in vitro and in vivo models of ischemia and ischemia-like conditions. Experimental Neurology; 170(1): 129-39, 2001. PMID 11421590
Yenari MA, Giffard RG. Ischemic vulnerability of primary microglial cultures. Neuroscience Letters 298: 5-8, 2001. PMID 11154822
Papadopoulos MC, Giffard RG, Bell BA. Principles of gene therapy: Potential applications in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. British Journal of Neurosurgery 14(5): 400-407, 2000. PMID 11198761
Papadopoulos MC, Giffard RG, Bell BA. An introduction to the changes in gene expression that occur after cerebral ischaemia. British Journal of Neurosurgery 14(4): 305-312, 2000. PMID 11045194
Giffard RG and Morgan R. Cell Death in the Central Nervous System: Therapeutic possibilities? Regional Anesthesia Pain Medicine, 25: 22-5, 2000. PMID 10660236
Giffard RG, Papadopoulos MC, van Hooft JA, Xu L, Giuffreda R, Monyer H. The electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter: developmental expression in rat brain and possible role in acid vulnerability. Journal of Neuroscience 20: 1001-8, 2000. PMID 10648705
Xu L, Lee J-E, Giffard RG. Overexpression of bcl-2, bcl-x_L or hsp70 in murine cortical astrocytes reduces injury of co-cultured neurons. Brain Research 277: 193-7, 1999. PMID 10626846
Yenari MA, Giffard RG, Sapolsky RM, Steinberg GK. The neuroprotective potential of heat shock proteins. Molecular Medicine Today 5: 525-31, 1999. PMID 10562718
Xu L, Koumenis IL, Tilly JL, Giffard RG. Overexpression of bcl-x_L protects astrocytes from glucose deprivation and is associated with higher glutathione, ferritin, and iron levels. Anesthesiology 91: 1036-46, 1999. PMID 10519507
Habibi A, Bushell E, Jaffe RA, Giffard RG, Brock-Utne JG. Two tips for users of bullard intubating laryngoscope. Anesthesia and Analgesia 87: 1206-1208, 1998. PMID 9806711
Lee JE, Kim CY, Giaccia AJ, Giffard RG. The E6 and E7 genes of human pailloma virus-type 16 protect primary astrocyte cultures from injury. Brain Research 795: 10-16, 1998. PMID 9622584
Papadopoulos MC, Koumenis IL, Xu L, and Giffard, RG. Potentiation of murine astrocyte antioxidant defense by bcl‑2: protection in part reflects elevated glutathione levels. European Journal of Neuroscience, 10: 1252-1260, 1998. PMID 11045194
Xu L, Glassford AJM, Giaccia AJ, Giffard RG. Acidosis reduces neuronal apoptosis. Neuroreport 9: 875-879, 1998. PMID 9579683
Papadopoulos MC, Koumenis IL, Yuan TY, Giffard RG. Increasing vulnerability of astrocytes to oxidative injury with age despite constant antioxidant defenses. Neuroscience 82: 915-925, 1998. PMID 9483545
Kim CY, Tsai MH, Osmanian C, Graeber TG, Lee JE, Giffard RG, DiPaolo JA, Peehl DM, Giaccia AJ. Selection of human cervical epithelial cells that possess reduced apoptotic potential to low oxygen conditions. Cancer Research 57: 4200-4204, 1997. PMID 9331075
Newcomb R, Sun X-Y, Taylor L, Curthoys N, Giffard RG. Increased production of extracellular glutamate by the mitochondrial glutaminase following neuronal death. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 17: 11276-82, 1997. PMID 9111031
Xu L, Giffard RG. HSP70 protects murine astrocytes from glucose deprivation injury. Neuroscience Letters 224: 9-12, 1997. PMID 9132695
Papadopoulos MC, Koumenis IL, Dugan LL, Giffard RG. Vulnerability to glucose deprivation injury correlates with glutathione levels in astrocytes. Brain Research 748: 151-156, 1997. PMID 9067456
Bergeron M, Mivechi NF, Giaccia AJ, Giffard RG. Mechanism of heat shock protein 72 induction in primary cultured astrocytes after oxygen-glucose deprivation. Neurological Research 18: 64-72, 1996. PMID 8714540
Papadopoulos MC, Sun X, Cao J, Mivechi N, Giffard RG. Overexpression of HSP-70 protects astrocytes from combined oxygen-glucose deprivation. Neuroreport 7: 429-432, 1996. PMID 8730798
Regan RF, Witz A, Panter SS, Tilly JL, Giffard RG. Ultrastructure of excitotoxic neuronal death in murine cortical culture. Brain Research 705: 188-198, 1995. PMID 8821749
Bruno VMG, Battaglia G, Copani A, Giffard RG, Raciti G, Raffaele R, Shinozaki H, Nicoletti F. Activation of class II or III metabotropic glutamate receptors protects cultured cortical neurons against excitotoxic degeneration. European Journal of Neuroscience 7: 1906-1913, 1995. PMID 8528465
Maier CM, Sun GH, Kunis DM, Giffard RG, Steinberg GK. Neuroprotection by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist CGP 40116: In Vivo and in Vitro Studies. Journal of Neurochemistry 65: 652-659, 1995. PMID 7616221
Pérez-Pinzón MA, Maier CM, Yoon EJ, Sun GH, Giffard RG, Steinberg GK. Correlation of CGS 19755 neuroprotection against in vitro exitotoxicity and focal cerebral ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Flow and Metabolism 15: 65-876, 1995. PMID 7673380
Dugan LL, Bruno VMG, Amagasu SM, Giffard RG. Glia modulate the response of murine cortical neurons to excitotoxicity: Glia exacerbate AMPA neurotoxicity. Journal of Neuroscience 15: 4545-4555, 1995. PMID 7540679
Bruno VMG, Goldberg MP, Dugan LL, Giffard RG, Choi DW. Neuroprotective effect of hypothermia in cortical cultures exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation or excitatory amino acid. Journal of Neurochemistry 63: 1398-1406, 1994. PMID7523591
Kaku DA, Giffard RG, Choi DW. Neuroprotective effects of glutamate antagonists and extracellular acidity. Science 260: 1516-1518, 1993. PMID 8389056
Giffard RG, Weiss JH, Swanson RA, Choi DW. Secobarbital attenuates excitotoxicity but potentiates oxygen-glucose deprivation neuronal injury in cortical cell culture. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 13: 803-810, 1993. PMID 8360287
Giffard RG, Weiss JH, Choi DW. Extracellular alkalinity exacerbates injury of cultured cortical neurons. Stroke 23:1817-1821, 1992. PMID 1360176
Monyer H, Giffard RG, Hartley DM, Dugan LL, Goldberg MP, and Choi DW. Oxygen or glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury in cortical cell cultures is reduced by tetanus toxin. Neuron 8: 967-973, 1992. PMID 1350203
Choi DW, Monyer H, Giffard RG, Goldberg MP, Christine CW “Acute brain injury, MNDA receptors, and hydrogen ions: observations in cortical cell cultures.” Brain Research 1990; 268; 501-4. PMID 2150160
Giffard RG, Monyer H, and Choi, DW. Selective vulnerability of cultured cortical glia to injury by extra cellular acidosis. Brain Research 530: 138-141, 1990. PMID 2176914
Giffard RG, Monyer H, Christine CW, and Choi, DW. Acidosis reduces NMDA receptor activation, glutamate neurotoxicity and oxygen-glucose deprivation neuronal injury in cortical cultures. Brain Research 506: 339-342, 1990. PMID1967968
Giffard RG, and Choi DW. Neuronal calcium channels. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesia 1:364-367, 1989. PMID 15815303
Giffard, RG, Weeds, AG, and Spudich JA. Calcium dependent binding of severin to actin: a one-to-one complex is formed. Journal of Cell Biology 98: 1796-1803, 1984. PMID 6427234
Giffard RG, Spudich JA, and Spudich A. Calcium sensitive isolation of a cortical actin matrix from Dictyostelium amoebae. Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility 4:115-131, 1983. PMID 6404931
Spudich A, Greenberg-Giffard R, and Spudich JA. Molecular aspects of cortical actin filament formation upon fertilization. Cell Differentiation 11: 281-284, 1982.
Ortin J, Scheidtmann KH, Greenberg R, Westphal M, and Doerfler W. Transcription of the genome of Adenovirus type 12. III. Maps of stable RNA from productively infected human cells and abortively infected and transformed hamster cells. Journal of Virology 20: 355-372, 1976. PMID 998193

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