A diverse faculty of over 80, representing 36 different divisions and departments but thematically integrated to incorporate clinical and basic science across the spectrum of CVP disease, constitutes our mentors.
To provide foci whereby the merging of clinical and basic science is seen to address a specific clinical need, we have identified subgroups of research interest. The strength of this approach is the vertical integration of basic and clinical research programs that enrich the training experience, enabling the medical student to appreciate how clinically relevant research questions can be addressed by the joint efforts of multiple disciplines, and how these efforts can provide new insights into pathophysiological mechanisms of disease and treatment options.
Those students choosing the original research option will participate as a member of this integrated team.
Faculty Mentors for Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Science Concentration
Myocardial Ischemia, Heart/Respiratory Pump Failure and Transplantation |
||
| Dan Bernstein, M.D. | Pediatric Cardiology | |
| Helen Blau, Ph.D. | Molecular Pharmacology |
|
| Michael Fowler, MB.BS | Cardiovascular Medicine | |
| John Giacomini, M.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine | |
| Sharon Hunt, M.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine |
|
| Brian Kobilka, M.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine | |
| Daria Mochly-Rosen, Ph.D. | Molecular Pharmacology |
|
| Bobby Robbins, M.D. | Cardiothoracic Surgery | |
| David Rosenthal M.D. | Pediatric Cardiology | |
| Donald Schreiber, M.D. | Surgery (Emergency Medicine) | |
| Joseph Shrager, M.D. | Cardiothoracic Surgery |
|
| Jim Spudich, Ph.D. | Cell Biology |
|
| Randall Vagelos, M.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine | |
| Hannah Valantine, M.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine |
|
| Phillip Yang, M.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine |
|
|
||
Vascular Growth, Structure and Disease |
||
| Julie Baker, Ph.D. | Genetics | |
| Andrew Connolly M.D. | Pathology |
|
| John Cooke, M.D., Ph.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine | |
| David Cornfield M.D. | Pediatrics/Pulmonary Biology (starting January 2006) |
|
| Ramona Doyle M.D. | Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine |
|
| Peter Kao, M.D.Ph.D | Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine | |
| Frederick Kraemer, M.D | Endocrinology | |
| Calvin Kuo, M.D. | Hematology |
|
| Marlene Rabinovitch, M.D. | Pediatric Cardiology |
|
| Stanley Rockson, M.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine | |
| Glenn Rosen, M.D. | Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine |
|
| Philip S. Tsao, Ph.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine | |
| Richard N. Zare, Ph.D. | Chemistry |
|
| Christopher K. Zarins, M.D. | Surgery/Vascular Surgery | |
|
||
Cardiovascular Development and Congenital Heart Disease |
||
| Daniel Bernstein, M.D. | Pediatric Cardiology |
|
| Richard D. Bland, M.D. | Pediatrics/Neonatology | |
| Ching-Pin Chang, M.D., Ph.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine | |
| Clifford Chin, M.D. | Pediatric Cardiology |
|
| Mark Krasnow M.D, Ph.D. | Biochemistry |
|
| Richard Moss MD | Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy | |
| Daniel J. Murphy, M.D. | Pediatric Cardiology |
|
| Marlene Rabinovitch M.D. | Pediatric Cardiology | |
| Norman Silverman, M.D. | Pediatric Cardiology |
|
| Charles Taylor, Ph.D. | Surgery, and Mechanical Engineering | |
| Jeffrey J. Wine Ph.D. | Psychology and Director, Program in Human Biology | |
|
||
Electrophysiology and Rhythm Disturbances |
||
| William Clusin, M.D., Ph.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine |
|
| Karen Friday, M.D | Cardiovascular Medicine |
|
| Victor Froehlicher, M.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine |
|
| Merritt Maduke, Ph.D. | Molecular & Cellular Physiology | |
| George Van Hare, M.D. | Pediatric Cardiology |
|
| Paul Wang, M.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine |
|
|
||
Cardiovascular Devices and Imaging |
||
| Ronald L Dalman, M.D. | Surgery -Vascular Surgery |
|
| William Fearon, M.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine | |
| Curtis W. Frank, Ph.D. | Chemical Engineering/ Center on Polymer Interfaces and Macromolecular Assemblies (CPIMA) |
|
| Sanjiv (Sam) Gambhir M.D., Ph.D. | Radiology |
|
| Michael Goris, M.D., Ph.D. | Radiology |
|
| David Lee, M.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine |
|
| A.C. Matin Ph.D. | Microbiology & Immunology |
|
| Michael McConnel, M.D., MSEE | Cardiovascular Medicine |
|
| Drew Nelson Ph.D. | Mechanical Engineering |
|
| Terry Robinson, M.D. | Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine |
|
| Geoffrey Rubin M.D. | Radiology |
|
| Norman Silverman, M.D. | Pediatric Cardiology | |
| Charles Taylor, Ph.D. | Surgery, and Mechanical Engineering | |
| Joseph Wu M.D., Ph.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine and Radiology |
|
| Phillip Yang, M.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine | |
| Alan Yeung, M.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine |
|
| Paul Yock, M.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine |
|
| Peter FitzGerald,M.D.,Ph.D | Cardiovascular Medicine |
|
|
||
| Stephen P. Fortmann, M.D. | Medicine - SPRC |
|
| Michael Gould M.D. M.S. | Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine |
|
| Paul Heidenreich, M.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine | |
| Mark Hlatky, M.D. | Health Research & Policy |
|
| Jonathan Myers, Ph.D. | Medicine-PAVA |
|
| Gerald Reaven, M.D. | Cardiovascular Medicine | |
| Randall Stafford, M.D., Ph.D. | Medicine - SPRC |
|
| Marcia Stefanick Ph.D. | Medicine/SPRC |
|
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
| Patrick, O. Brown, M.D., Ph.D. | Biochemistry |
|
| Mark A. Kay, M.D., Ph.D. | Pediatrics (Genetics) |
|
| Philip Lavori, Ph.D. | Health Research and Policy |
|
| Richard M. Myers, Ph.D | Genetics |
|
| Garry P. Nolan, Ph.D. | Microbiology and Immunology | |
| Roeland Nusse, Ph.D. | Developmental Biology |
|
| Norbert J Pelc, Sc.D. | Radiology, Bioengineering and Electrical Engineering |
|
| Thomas A Rando, M.D., Ph.D. | Neurology and Neurological Sciences VA/PAHCS |
|
| Robert J. Tibshirani, Ph.D. | Health Research and Policy (Statistics) |
|
| Irving L. Weissman, M.D., Ph.D. | Cancer Biology Pathology, Developmental Biology, and Biological Sciences | |
Myocardial Ischemia, Heart/Respiratory Pump Failure and Transplantation
Dan Bernstein, M.D., Pediatric Cardiology
Cardiomyopathy, adrenergic receptors and polymorphisms, transgenic mice, transplantation
Potential Research Projects:
1. Role of adrenergic receptors in regulating cardiotoxicity and cardioprotection
2. Interaction between cell signaling pathways during the development of cardiac hypertrophy
Potential Scholarly Papers:
1. Long-term complications of pediatric heart transplantation
2. Genomic influences on outcome in pediatric cardiac surgery
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Daniel_Bernstein/
Publication:
Microarray analysis of gene expression after transverse aortic constriction in mice. M Zhao, A Chow, J Powers, G Fajardo, D Bernstein, Physiol Genomics 19: 93–105, 2004.
Helen Blau, Ph.D., Molecular Pharmacology
Myoblast gene therapy
Recent research projects of graduate students and postdocs:
(1) Restriction enzyme-generated siRNA (REGS) vectors and libraries.
(2) Nuclear reprogramming: A key to regenerative Medicine.
http://www.stanford.edu/group/blau/
Publications:
Bone marrow contribution to skeletal muscle: a physiological response to stress. Palermo , A.T., LaBarge, M.A., Doyonnas, R.,
Pomerantz, J. and Blau, H.M. (2005), Devel. Biol. 279:336-344.
Enzymatic Detection of Protein Translocation. TS Wehrman, CI Casipit , NM Gewertz, HM Blau. (2005), Nature Methods 2: 521-527.
Michael Fowler, MD, MRCP., CV Medicine
Congestive heart failure
(Available to mentor students in the Scholarly Track)
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Michael_Fowler/
John Giacomini, M.D., CV Medicine/ Palo Alto VA
Cardiovascular Pharmacology
(Available to mentor students in the Scholarly Track)
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/John_Giacomini/
Sharon Hunt, M.D., CV Medicine
Heart transplantation
Potential project for Scholarly Track:
A literature review on the influence (if any) of the mode of brain death on the later outcomes of organs harvested from brain dead donors.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Sharon_Hunt/
Publication:
Hunt SA. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult A Report of
the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure).
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Sep 20;46(6):e1-e82. (Also published by Hunt et al., in J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Sep 20;46(6):1116-43, and as Hunt et al., Circulation. 2005 Sep 20;112(12):1825-1852 and . Circulation. 2005 Sep 20;112(12):e154-235
Brian Kobilka, M.D., CV Medicine
(Not available to mentor in 2005/06)
Adrenergic regulation of cardiovascular physiology; The structure and mechanism of activation of adrenergic receptors
http://med.stanford.edu/kobilkalab/
Publications:
Patterson, AJ, Zhu, W, Chow, A, Agrawal, R, Kosek, J, Xiao, RP, Kobilka, BK. Protecting the myocardium: a role for the beta2 adrenergic receptor in the heart. Crit Care Med. 2004. 32(4):p. 1041-8.
Xiang, Y, Naro, F, Zoudilova, M, Jin, SL, Conti, M, and Kobilka, BK. PDE4D is required for b2AR subtype-specific signaling in cardiac myocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2005. 102(3): p. 909-14.
Swaminath, G, Deupi, X, Lee, TW, Zhu, W, Thian, FS, Kobilka, TS. and Kobilka, BK. Probing the Beta2 adrenoceptor binding site with catechol reveals differences in binding and activation by agonists and partial agonists. J. Biol. Chem., 2005. 280: 22165-71.
Daria Mochly-Rosen, Ph.D., Molecular Pharmacology
Preconditioning ischemia, protein kinase C activators and inhibitors, drug design
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Daria_Mochly-Rosen/
Bobby Robbins, M.D., Cardiothoracic Surgery
Fetal surgery, transplantation, immune reactivity, stem cells
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Robert_Robbins/
http://med.stanford.edu/labs/robert_robbins/
David Rosenthal M.D., Pediatric Cardiology
Pediatric heart failure and transplant
Potential Projects:
1. Evaluation of RV wall motion: A comparison of CT and MRI modalities. The evaluation of RV motion is of increasing importance given the availability of RV cardiac resynchronization. Techniques for the evaluation of RV motion are under development. It is of interest to determine whether current CT scanners offer sufficient temporal and spatial information to provide for a detailed analysis of RV motion.
2. Development of CT-based strain imaging: Measurement of regional LV and RV function is difficult and techniques are suboptimal. Echocardiography offers excellent temporal resolution but limited windows. MRI offers excellent imaging of the LV , but RV wall tagging is difficult. A new technique of speckle tracking may overcome these issues but has not been implemented in CT data. This is a pilot study to develop this technique.
3. Intra-operative RV resynchronization: RV resynchronization is conceptually and practically achievable, but the best methods for realizing this goal are not determined. This is an intra-operative evaluation of different approaches to RV resynchronization, in order to develop information about RV electro-mechanical interactions and improve the ability to achieve RV resynchronization.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/David_Rosenthal/
Publication:
D. Rosenthal, (Chair), et al., International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Practice Guidelines for Management of Heart Failure in Children. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 2004: 23 (12): 1313-1333.
Donald Schreiber, M.D., Surgery (Emergency Medicine)
Acute Myocardial Infarction, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Congestive Heart Failure
Potential research projects:
1) Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA), A Novel marker of myocardial ischemia in acute coronary syndrome. This multicenter project will enroll emergency department patients with acute coronary syndrome. Study subjects will undergo serial blood tests for IMA to validate it sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive values as well as risk stratificiation for patients with acute coronary syndrome.
2) The impact of rapid bedside testing of cardiac markers on the ER management of patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. This randomized open study will directly compare patients managed using rapid bedside testing with a novel analyzer for Troponin-I to the traditional central lab methods.
3) PANDA study- High dose tirofiban a glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitor as adjunctive therapy for acute ST segment elevation MI
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Donald_Schreiber/
Publication:
Adjunctive Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Inhibition With Tirofiban Before Primary Angioplasty Improves Angiographic Outcomes Results of the TIrofiban Given in the Emergency Room before Primary Angioplasty (TIGER-PA) Pilot Trial. DP. Lee, NA Herity, BL Hiatt, WF Fearon, MR Andrew, J Carter, M Huston, D Schreiber, PM DiBattiste, AC. Yeung. Circulation. 2003;107:14971501
Online article:
Use of Cardiac Markers in the Emergency Department, eMedicine, January 19, 2005 ; ( http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic932.htm
Joseph B. Shrager, M.D., Cardiothoracic Surgery
Respiratory Muscle Pump - Cellular/molecular Physiology
Dr. Joseph Shrager is Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Chief of the Division of Thoracic Surgery. He moved to Stanford from the University of Pennsylvania in mid-2008 and has spent the last year rebuilding his productive research lab, which is now ready to move aggressively ahead with ongoing and new projects. His work has focused upon elucidating, and then intervening in, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie skeletal muscle function and dysfunction. Most recently, the lab has been focused upon skeletal muscle atrophy in response to "disuse," and particularly upon disuse atrophy of the diaphragm in response to mechanical ventilation. The lab's publication describing this "ventilator-associated diaphragm atrophy" was the lead article in the New England Journal of Medicine in March 2008. His work has also been published in other important journals such as Nature, PNAS, The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, and The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.
Ultimately, it is hoped that a therapy can be brought to clinical trials. Techniques used in the lab include cell culture, transgenic mice, high-throughput screening, and all the usual modern molecular and cell biologic tools. The lab is anxious to have interested students and fellows join in our work.
Current active projects in the laboratory:
(1) Detailed analyses of the molecular pathways active in ventilator- and drug-associated muscle atrophy
(2) High- throughput screening for candidate drugs that might prevent this atrophy,
(3) Evaluation of these candidate drugs in mouse and rat models of ventilator-associated diaphragm atrophy.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/thoracicsurgery/researcher/Joseph_Shrager/
http://thoracicsurgery.stanford.edu/people/shrager_bio.html
Publications:
Levine S, Nguyen T, Taylor N, Friscia ME, Budak MT, Rothenberg P, Zhu J, Sachdeva R, Sonnad S, Kaiser, LR, Rubinstein NA, Powers SK, Shrager JB. Rapid disuse atrophy of diaphragm fibers in mechanically ventilated humans. New England Journal of Medicine. 358:1327-35, 2008.
Levine S, Nguyen T, Kaiser LR, Rubenstein NA, Maislin G, Gregory C, Rome L, Dudley G, Sieck G, Shrager JB. Human diaphragm remodeling associated with COPD: clinical implications. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 168:706-713, 2003.
Jim Spudich, Ph.D., Cell Biology
Cellular mechanisms of force generation
http://biochem.stanford.edu/spudich/
Randall Vagelos, M.D., CV Medicine
Myocardial ischemia and injury
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Randall_Vagelos/
Hannah Valantine, M.D., CV Medicine
Transplant vasculopathy
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Hannah_Valantine/
Phillip Yang, M.D., CV Medicine
Cardiovascular MRI. Clinical translation of novel MR imaging sequences. Molecularimaging of stem cells.
Potential research projects:
1) Cellular and molecular imaging of stem cell engraftment.
2) Novel cardiac MRI of myocardial perfusion and coronary arteries.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/cvmedicine/faculty/Phillip_Yang/
Publications:
Arai T, Kofidis T, Bulte JW, de Bruin J, Venook RD, Berry GJ, Mcconnell MV, Quertermous T, Robbins RC, Yang PC. Dual in vivo magnetic resonance evaluation of magnetically labeled mouse embryonic stem cells and cardiac function at 1.5 t. Magn Reson Med. 2006 Jan;55(1):203-9.
Yang PC, Meyer CH, Terashima M, et al. Spiral magnetic resonance coronary angiography with rapid real-time localization. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:1134-41.
Vascular Growth, Structure and Disease
Julie Baker, Ph.D., Genetics
Genetic determinants of vasculogenesis
Potential Research Projects:
Early Differentiation of Cardidomyocytes in vivo and in vitro. Embryonic stem cells offer the promise of therapies for a variety of cardiovascular diseases. One of the major caveats yet to be addressed is how to identify the earliest progenitors of cardiomyotes that emerge from undifferentiated ES cells. These progenitor cells will be important in future therapies simply because they are committed toward a cardiac lineage, but are likely still able to form multiple different cell types within that lineage. We have performed microarray analysis on serial stages of mouse post-implantation embryonic development and on mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells differentiating into cardiomyocytes. The former timecourse is described in the attached paper which we recently submitted to Nature Genetics. The later timecourse array is complete and encompasses a day by day analysis of cardiomyocyte differentiation beginning with undifferentiated mouse ES cells and concluding with beating cardiomyocytes which were then dissected into different cellular types. The major aim of these projects is to identify markers to elucidate early cardiac progenitor cells from differentiating ES cells. Here I outline several projects that could be completed as a requirement for Cardiovascular Medicine Concentration.
1.
Aim: To identify the molecular program of cardiomyocyte differentiation and elucidate molecules that are expressed within cardiomyocyte progenitors. The computational analysis of the mouse ES differentiation array timecourse needs to be undertaken. The would entail elucidating the molecules that change significantly throughout cardiomyocyte differentiation with close attention paid to molecules being upregulated coincidently with the earliest markers for cardiomyocyte differentiation, including Nkx-
2. Aim: Identify new markers of early cardiac differentiation. We have elucidated several hundred molecules that are upregulated during the mouse embryonic stages when initial heart formation occurs. These molecules will be compared with adult heart restricted ESTs represented in Unigene. Any molecule that is upregulated during embryonic stages where heart development is occurring and is also represented only within the adult heart will be tested by in situ hybridization on early mouse embryos to elucidate whether it is also heart restricted during embryogenesis. We have thus far test 11 of these candidates and 3 are indeed heart restricted during early embryogenesis.
3.
Aim: Human Embyronic Stem Cell (HESC) differentiation into cardiomyocytes. We now have HESCs growing robustly in our laboratory and are performing high throughput microarray and proteomic approaches on early differentiation of these cells. The differentiation protocol into human cardiomyocytes has yet to be successfully performed to homogeneity. This project would aim to generate human cardiomyotes at a high efficiency so that genomic technologies could be then used to elucidate the cardiac developmental program in humans.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Julie_Baker/
Publication:
Genome-wide analysis of early post-implantation mammalian development Nesanet Mitiku and Julie Baker, submitted 2005
Andrew Connolly M.D., Pathology
Vascular pathology and endothelial biology
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Andrew_Connolly/
John P. Cooke, M.D., Ph.D., CV Medicine
Translational research in vascular disease; angiogenesis, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and tobacco-related disease; atherosclerosis and the NO synthase pathway; endothelial function and ADMA
Potential research projects:
1. Clinical: Immunohistochemical and molecular characterization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in tumor angiogenesis and growth
2. Clinical: Downregulation of cholinergic angiogenesis and wound healing in smokers 3. Basic: Characterization of vasculogenesis in the CAT (choline acetyltransferase) KO mouse
4. Basic: Signaling pathways in endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis mediated by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Possible scholarly papers:
1. No synthase and endothelial regeneration
2. The role of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in tobacco-related diseases
http://cvmedicine.stanford.edu/vascularmedicine/
Publications:
Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine The Über Marker? J P. Cooke, Circulation 2004;109:1813-1819.
Nicotine and Angiogenesis: A new Paradigm for Tobacco-Related Diseases. J P Cooke and H Bitterman, Ann. Med. 2004; 36: 33-40.
David Cornfield M.D., Pediatrics / Pulmonary Biology
Regulation of vascular tone in the developing lung and oxygen sensing
Research Projects:
Our bench-based investigations are focused upon the developmental regulation of perinatal pulmonary vascular tone and upon oxygen sensing. In one set of studies, the laboratory works on the ion channel biology of pulmonary circulation in the developing lung. To address the issue of vascular tone we use microfluorimetry, patch clamping and whole animal physiology. The study questions are further informed by the use of selective molecular and pharmacologic probes. Through the development of physiologic and pathophysiologic models, we have been able to ask study questions in parallel systems. In a separate, but related line of investigation, we are studying the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha in the developing pulmonary circulation. These experiments rely primarily on molecular tools to determine the mechanisms that account for the developmental regulation of the HIF-1 molecule.
In addition, we are involved in the translational research wherein study questions that relate directly to patients can effectively addressed through an hypothesis driven approach. Recent examples of publications that have resulted from these efforts include the use of inhaled nitric oxide in children with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure or the appropriate use of a specific sedative-hypnotic agent in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit setting.
(under construction) http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/David_Cornfield/
Publications:
Chronic Intrauterine Pulmonary Hypertension Selectively Modifies Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Gene Expression. E Resnik , J Herron, M Keck, D Sukovich, B Linden , and D N Cornfield. AJP: Lung, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, 2005, in press.
Oxygen tension modulates the expression of pulmonary vascular BK Ca channel a and b subunits. E Resnik , J Herron, R Fu, DD Ivy and DN Cornfield. .AJP: Lung, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, 2005, in press.
Ramona L. Doyle M.D., Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Pulmonary vascular disease and lung/heart transplantation; epidemiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension; pulmonary vascular disease and insulin resistance; quality of life with PAH.
Possible projects:
1) The role of insulin resistance in pulmonary vascular disease
2) Methamphetamine abuse and pulmonary hypertension
3) Anxiety and depression in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Ramona_Doyle/
Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease: http://wallcenter.stanford.edu/
Publication:
Hypertension High Prevalence of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. JW. Chu , PN. Kao, JL. Faul and RL. Doyle. Chest 2002; 122:1668–1673.
Peter Kao, M.D., Ph.D., Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Possible Projects:
(1) Pathophysiologic studies of experimental pulmonary hypertension.
(2) Identification of lung stem/progenitor cells.
(3) Studies of lung surfactant rheology and the effects of cellular oxidative stress. http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Peter_Kao/
Publications:
Simvastatin Rescues Rats From Fatal Pulmonary Hypertension by Inducing Apoptosis of Neointimal Smooth Muscle Cells T Nishimura, LT Vaszar, JL Faul, G Zhao, GJ Berry, L Shi, D Qiu, G Benson, RG Pearl, and PN Kao. Circulation. 2003;108:1640-1645.
Simvastatin Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension. PN Kao. Chest 2005 127:1446–1452.
Fredric B. Kraemer, M.D., Endocrinology
Cellular lipid metabolism
Potential original research projects:
1. Mechanisms regulating adipocyte lipolysis
2. Structural studies of hormone sensitive lipase
Potential scholarly research papers:
1. Interplay between adipogenesis (fat) and osteogenesis (bone)
2. Review of lipolysis
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Fredric_Kraemer/
Publication:
Wang J, Shen WJ, Patel S, Harada K, Kraemer FB "Mutational analysis of the "regulatory module" of hormone-sensitive lipase." Biochemistry 2005; 44: 6: 1953-9
Calvin Kuo, M.D., Ph.D., Hematology
Regulation of angiogenesis
Potential research projects:
1. Anti-angiogenic treatment of cancer using adenoviruses expressing soluble ectodomains of endothelial receptors (VEGFRs, PDGFRs, etc)
2. Physiologic effects of long-term blockade of VEGF and other angiogenic pathways 3. Exploration of a novel G-protein coupled receptor expressed in brain vasculature using knockout mouse and zebrafish models
http://hematology.stanford.edu/research/kuo_lab.html
Publication:
Kuo CJ, Farnebo F, Yu EY, Christofferson R, Swearingen RA, Carter R, von Recum HA, Yuan J, Kamihara J, Flynn E, D'Amato R, Folkman J, Mulligan RC "Comparative evaluation of the antitumor activity of antiangiogenic proteins delivered by gene transfer." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98: 8: 4605-10
Marlene Rabinovitch, M.D., Pediatric Cardiology
Pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension, transgenic models, gene therapy
Potential research projects:
Basic Science: Aberrant BMPRII and Wnt signaling in the pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension and vascular disease. This project uses transgenic mice as well as vascular cells from transgenic mice with targeted deletion of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPRII) or the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma transcription factor. The impact of these aberrations in endothelial and smooth muscle cells on (Wingless) Wnt signaling in the development of pulmonary hypertension and other vascular diseases will be assessed.
Translational Science; Pulmonary artery and aorta organ culture experiments are carried out to determine how viral mediated induction of elastase activity causing progressive pulmonary hypertension and how suppression of elastase activity might reverse the disease process.
http://med.stanford.edu/labs/rabinovitchbland/
Publication:
Merklinger SL, Jones PL , Martinez EC, Rabinovitch M "Epidermal growth factor receptor blockade mediates smooth muscle cell apoptosis and improves survival in rats with pulmonary hypertension." Circulation 2005; 112: 3: 423-31
Stanley Rockson, M.D., CV Medicine
1. Lymphatic Biology and Disease; 2. Preventive Cardiology; 3. Vascular Disease Mechanisms and Interventions
Potential research projects:
1. Molecular characterization of the pathogenesis of lymphatic vascular insufficiency: In our laboratory, we have been working on a model of lymphatic vascular insufficiency in the mouse tail, to simulate human lymphedema of the limb. In this model, we characterize histologic, immunohistochemical and molecular changes associated with the disease and its potential therapies. We utilize microarray and PCR to characterize the patterns of gene response to the functional insult. We are using this work as a platform to evaluate therapeutic lymphangiogenesis, as well as other pharmacologic therapies.
2. We are undertaking ongoing clinical research to evaluate the potential for identifying subclinical lymphatic disease in breast cancer survivors and to assess the potential to avert disease through aggressive preventive interventions.
3. Another clinical trial centers on defining the link between innate metabolic responses to the risk of developing lymphedema. It is hypothesized that insulin resistance may by related to lymphatic function and the risk of developing complications after surgical insult to the lymphatic system.
4. There is a Phase II clinical trial to evaluate the impact of components of traditional chinese medical therapies upon exercise capacity, symptoms, and surrogate markers of ischemia in patients with chronic coronary artery disease.
Potential scholarly papers:
1. A review of the mechanisms of cancer metastasis through the lymphatic system and the potential to develop therapeutic strategies to limit lymphatic metastasis
2. A review of the biology of inflammation, with special attention to the role of lymphatic system and immune traffic
3. A review of the biology of HDL-cholesterol and potential for therapeutics to reverse the cardiovascular risk of low HDL.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Stanley_Rockson/
Publication:
Szuba A, Skobe M, Karkkainen MJ, Shin WS, Beynet DP, Rockson NB, Dakhil N, Spilman S, Goris ML, Strauss HW, Quertermous T, Alitalo K, Rockson SG "Therapeutic lymphangiogenesis with human recombinant VEGF-C." FASEB J 2002; 16: 14: 1985-7.
Glenn Rosen, M.D., Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Regulation of DNA replication and Cell Cycle Progression; Regulation of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition by TGF- Apoptotic Pathways in Cancer
Potential research projects:
1. Analysis of DNA Replication and Cell Cycle Progression. We have cloned and characterized a novel regulator of DNA replication and cell cycle progression called p19. Experiments would involve examining how p19 regulates cell cycle progression in normal cells and in cancer.
2. TGF-beta regulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT mediates tumor metastasis and fibrotic diseases. TGF-beta plays a central role in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disease including pulmonary fibrosis induces. Studies would involve an analysis of the mechanism of EMT in lung epithelial cells and then in animal models.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Glenn_Rosen/
Publication:
PG490-88, a derivative of triptolide, causes tumor regression and sensitizes tumors to chemotherapy. JM Fidler, K Li, C Chung, K Wei, JA Ross, M Gao, GD Rosen. Mol Cancer Ther. 2003;2:855–862
Philip S. Tsao, Ph.D., CV Medicine
Basic and translational research investigating molecular mechanisms in vascular disease; insulin resistance syndrome; diabetes-related vascular and cardiac complications; biomechanical stimulation of endothelial cells
Potential research projects:
1. Differential gene expression induced by insulin resistance and diabetes.
2. Phenotypic characterization of a novel murine model of vascular stiffness.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Philip_Tsao/
Publication:
Increased aortic stiffness in the insulin-resistant Zucker fa/fa rat. A K Sista, M K O'Connell, T Hinohara, S S Oommen , B E Fenster, A J Glassford, E A Schwartz, C A Taylor, G M Reaven and P S Tsao AJP - Heart 289:845-851, 2005.
Richard N. Zare, Ph.D., Chemistry
Bioanalytical chemistry
Potential research projects:
We wish to develop a method that allows for the simultaneous determination of minute amounts of ADMA, SDMA, and L-arginine as well as the enzymatic degradation product L-citrulline and the precursor for the biosynthesis of L-arginine and ADMA, L-ornithine in human plasma. Plasma concentrations for ADMA and SDMA are expected to be between 0.1 - 5 uM and those for L-arginine 50-100 uM. Of immediate interest is finding an antibody directed against ADMA, which interferes with NO synthetase and therefore is an important biomarker in cardiovascular disease states.
www.stanford.edu/group/Zarelab
Publications:
Capillary electrophoretic and micellar electrokinetic separations of asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine and structurally related amino acids: Quantitation in human plasma. G Trapp K Sydow, M T Dulay, T Chou, J P Cooke, R N Zare . J. Sep. Sci. 2004, 27, 1483–1490
Determination of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) using a novel ELISA assay. F Schulze, R Wesemann, E Schwedhelm , K Sydow, J Albsmeier, J P Cooke, R H Boger. Clin Chem Lab Med 2004;42(12):1377–1383
Christopher K. Zarins, M.D., Surgery/Vascular Surgery
Artery wall adaptation and remodeling, and pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Christopher_Zarins/
Daniel Bernstein, M.D., Pediatric Cardiology
Role of adrenergic receptors in regulating cardiotoxicity and cardioprotection; Interaction between cell signaling pathways during the development of cardiac hypertrophy; Long-term complications of pediatric heart transplantation; genomic influences on outcome in pediatric cardiac surgery
Richard D. Bland, M.D., Pediatrics/ Neonatology
Lung development, neonatal lung injury and respiratory distress, lung fluid balance during development, pulmonary edema.
Potential research project:
Studies of lung structural changes associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation of newborn mice. This is part of a project that looks at the impact of cyclic lung stretch on genes that regulate lung growth and development.
Potential scholarly papers:
(1) Comprehensive review of what is known about fluid balance in the developing lung and its relationship to neonatal lung disease.
(2) Comprehensive review of what is known about the pathogenesis of neonatal chronic lung disease, also called bronchopulmonary dysplasia, which was first described at Stanford (1967) by Dr William Northway and associates.
http://med.stanford.edu/labs/rabinovitchbland/
Publications:
Inhaled Nitric Oxide Effects on Lung Structure and Function in Chronically Ventilated Preterm Lambs. RD Bland, KH. Albertine, DP Carlton, and AJ MacRitchie. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 172: 899–906, 2005.
Lung Fluid Balance During Development. R D Bland. NeoReviews Vol.6: e255-267, 2005.
Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease in the Post-Surfactant Era. R D Bland, Biology of the Neonate 88:181-191, 2005.
Ching-Pin Chang, M.D., Ph.D., Medicine - CV Medicine
Cardiovascular development, particularly how the three major types of cardiac cells (endocardial, myocardial and epicardial cells) interact with each other to generate heart tissues. We are interested in the transcriptional and signaling events that coordinate their interactions and assembly into heart tissues.
Research Projects:
1. Heart Valve Morphogenesis: Using pharmacological inhibitors, tissue-specific gene disruption and conventional gene knockout in mice, we have demonstrated that calcineurin/NFAT signaling plays two sequential and critical roles in the initiation and propagation of heart valve morphogenesis. The initiation of valve formation requires myocardial NFAT to repress the expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). We are studying how VEGF interacts with NFAT signaling during valve formation, and the molecular mechanism of NFAT-mediated VEGF repression.
2. Myocardial Development: Using tissue-specific gene knockout technology in mice, we have generated a mouse line deficient in endocardial Brg1, a chromatin remodeling molecule. Defective chromatin remodeling in endocardial cells leads to abnormal myocardial growth and trabeculation. We are studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms of how endocardial cells control myocardial development.
3. Patterning of Cardiac Outflow Tract and Great Arteries: Using compound gene mutations in mice, we have demonstrated that Pbx gene family members (homeodomain proto-oncogenes) are essential for the patterning of cardiac outflow tracts and great arteries. We are investigating the molecular pathways controlled by Pbx genes during cardiac development.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Ching-Pin_Chang/
Publication:
A Field of Myocardial-Endocardial NFAT Signaling Underlies Heart Valve Morphogenesis. C-P Chang, J R Neilson, J H Bayle, J E. Gestwicki, A Kuo, K Stankunas,, I A. Graef, G R Crabtree. Cell, Vol. 118, 649–663, September 3, 2004 .
Clifford Chin, M.D., Pediatrics/Cardiology
Cardiac transplantation, with particular focus in transplant vasculopathy.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Clifford_Chin/
Mark Krasnow M.D, Ph.D., Biochemistry
Lung development from drosophila to mice
http://cmgm.stanford.edu/krasnow/
Richard Moss M.D., Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy
Translational research in cystic fibrosis Our group focuses on translational projects in cystic fibrosis, i.e. phase I-II studies of new therapies. Depending on time available the student would work with the research group (investigator, research coordinators, research assistants) in observing and helping with processes of protocol development, regulatory approvals, patient enrollment, protocol conduct, data entry and analysis, and preparation for presentation and publication.
http://cfcenter.stanford.edu
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Richard_Moss/
Publication:
Repeated Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 2 Aerosol-Mediated Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Gene Transfer to the Lungs of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. R B Moss, D Rodman,; L T Spencer, M Aitken, P L Zeitlin, D Waltz C Milla, A S Brody, J P Clancy B Ramsey, N Hamblett, and A E. Heald. CHEST 2004; 125:509–521.
Daniel J. Murphy, M.D., Pediatric Cardiology
Congenital heart disease in adults, echocardiography of congenital heart defects
Potential projects for the Scholars Track:
1. Review of the performance of the right ventricle or a single ventricle as a systemic pump. Focus on predictors of myocardial dysfunction.
2. Investigation and review of the finances and access to care for adults with congenital heart disease. This could also involve a descriptive project evaluating a business plan for care of this population.
3. Description of the psychosocial issues facing adult survivors of chronic childhood disease.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Daniel_Murphy/
Publication:
Transposition of the Great Arteries: Long-term Outcome and Current Management. D J Murphy. Current Cardiology Reports 2005, 7:299–304.
Marlene Rabinovitch M.D., Pediatric Cardiology
Heart and blood vessel development
Potential research projects:
Basic Science: LC3: A master regulator of mRNA translation of key genes associated with cardiac development and vascular pathology. This project aims to understand how expression of the microtubule associated protein LC3 regulates cardiac and vascular myocyte development by translation of mRNA that are critical to the function of these cells. Translational Science: Are there polymorphisms in elastin assembly genes other than fibrillin that indicate a propensity for aneurysm formation in response to an infectious process.
http://med.stanford.edu/labs/rabinovitchbland/
Publication:
Gene transfer in utero biologically engineers a patent ductus arteriosus in lambs by arresting fibronectin-dependent neointimal formation. Mason CA, Bigras JL, O'Blenes SB, Zhou B, McIntyre B, Nakamura N, Kaneda Y, Rabinovitch M. Nat Med 1999; 2 (5): 176-82.
Norman Silverman, M.D., D.Sc., FACC, Pediatric Cardiology
Echocardiographic determinants of heart function in congenital malformations, fetal echocardiography
Potential research projects (either original research or scholarly track):
1. Estimation of right ventricular volume by 2- and 3-dimensional echocardiography.
2. Estimation of Pulmonary regurgitation volume in tetralogy of Fallot using Echocardiography: Comparison with 3-dimensional echocardiography
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Norman_Silverman/
Publications:
Friedberg MK, Silverman NH "Changing indications for fetal echocardiography in a University Center population." Prenat Diagn 2004; 24: 10: 781-6
Tham EB, Silverman NH "Measurement of the Tei index: a comparison of M-mode and pulse Doppler methods." J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004; 17: 12: 1259-65
Friedberg MK, Silverman NH "Mitral valve leaflet excursion velocity in the pediatric population: a comparable diastolic index to the color M-mode propagation velocity." J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005; 18: 2: 142-7
Charles A. Taylor, Ph.D., Surgery, and Mechanical Engineering
Computer modeling and engineering approaches to congenital heart disease
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Charles_Taylor/
Cardiovascular Biomechanics Research lab website:
http://med.stanford.edu/school/vascular/
Jeffrey J. Wine Ph.D., Psychology, and Director, Program in Human Biology
Electrophysiological and optical methods to study the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis airway disease
Potential research projects:
1. Determine if airway submucosal gland secretions play a role in protecting transplanted lungs from infection/rejection.
2. The role of airway submucosal gland secretions in cystic fibrosis lung disease. Potential scholarly papers:
1. White blood cells in healthy and diseased airways;
2. Role of VIP in controlling airway inflammation
http://www.stanford.edu/~wine/
Publication:
Submucosal Glands and Airway Defense. J J Wine and N S Joo . Proc Am Thorac Soc Vol 1. pp 47–53, 2004
Electrophysiology and Rhythm Disturbances
William Clusin, M.D., Ph.D., CV Medicine
Cellular Cardiac Electrophysiology
Possible projects (Scholars Track):
1. Genetically mediated cardiac arrhythmias
2. Mechanisms of lethal arrhythmias in ischemic heart disease
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/William_Clusin/
Publications:(see profile as well)
Qian YW, Sung RJ, Lin SF, Province R, Clusin WT "Spatial heterogeneity of action potential alternans during global ischemia in the rabbit heart." Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003; 285: 6: H2722-33
Clusin WT, "Calcium and cardiac arrhythmias: DADs, EADs, and alternans." Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2003; 40: 3: 337-75
Karen Friday, M.D, CV Medicine
Clinical research in electrophysiology
http://cvmedicine.stanford.edu/faculty/friday.html
Victor Froehlicher, M.D., CV Medicine
Treadmill exercise testing
Possible research Projects:
1. The predictive value of systolic blood pressure response to exercise testing – we have a large database of clinical exercise tests with follow up for cardiac deaths. Analysis of this data set could lead to papers and abstracts
2. The value of screening ECGs in a collegiate athletic population – we are about to start screening Stanford athletes with resting ECGs. This is currently of importance since the European union has mandated them for the pre-competition evaluation while the US guidelines do not.
3. The effect of revascularization on Exercise test responses – we have a pool of patients who have had exercise tests and then undergone revascularization with PCI or CABG. The several we have looked at show dramatic results.
Possible projects for Scholars Track:
The three areas listed above for research projects would let themselves well to reviews in good journal.
http://www.cardiology.palo-alto.med.va.gov/
Publications:
Electrocardiographic damage scores and cardiovascular mortality. K Richardson, G Engel, T Yamazaki, S Chun, VF Froelicher. Am Heart J 2005;149:458-63.
Exercise Test–Induced Arrhythmias James Beckerman, T Wu, S Jones, V F Froelicher. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 2005Vol. 47(4):285-305
Merritt Maduke, Ph.D., Molecular & Cellular Physiology
CLC Chloride channels and transporters
CLC Overview: CLC membrane proteins orchestrate the chloride movements necessary for proper neuronal, muscular, cardiovascular, and epithelial function. Defects in CLCs are responsible for human diseases of kidney and bone, for disorders of blood-pressure regulation, and for epilepsy. Defective CLC-Kb causes the salt-wasting nephropathy called Bartter’s syndrome; the low blood pressure observed in patients with this disease demonstrates the importance of CLC-Kb in blood pressure homeostasis and suggests it as a potential target for drugs to combat hypertension. Osteopetrosis is a rare and often fatal bone disease in which the absence CLC-7 results in osteoclasts that are unable to resorb bone. CLC-7’s role in osteoclast function suggests this channel as a potential new drug target for treatment of osteoporosis, a crippling disorder in which osteoclasts resorb too much bone. In order to understand the physiology and pathophysiology of each CLC family member, our laboratory is using a variety of approaches to elucidate their molecular mechanisms.
Review articles:
Jentsch TJ, Neagoe I, Scheel O. (2005) CLC chloride channels and transporters. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 15(3):319-25.
Jentsch TJ, Poet M, Fuhrmann JC, Zdebik AA. (2005) Physiological functions of CLC Cl- channels gleaned from human genetic disease and mouse models. Annu Rev Physiol. 67:779-807.
Projects Available:
1. Membrane-protein based screens for CLC-interacting proteins: Ion channel activity is often exquisitely modulated by the presence of tissue-specific accessory subunits. Many such subunits for the various cation-selective ion channels have been discovered and characterized, but thus far only one accessory subunit for the CLC chloride channels is known. The goal of this project is to take advantage of new methods of screening for membrane-protein interactions to discover and characterize candidate CLC-accessory subunits. Review article: Iyer K et al. (2005). Utilizing the split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid system to identify protein-protein interactions of integral membrane proteins. Sci STKE. Mar 15; 2005(275):p13.
2. High-throughput screens for CLC inhibitors: Specific inhibitors of the CLC channels and transporters are sorely lacking. Such inhibitors would be invaluable for functional studies, and may also prove useful in the design of therapeutic agents targeting human CLCs. The goal of this project is to design high-throughput based on fluorescence assays we have developed in the lab, taking advantage of the facilities at the Stanford High Throughput Bioscience Center . Review article: Verkman AS (2004). Drug discovery and epithelial physiology. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 13(5)563-8. 3. 19F NMR to probe conformational changes in CLC proteins. (Call if interested).
http://maduke.stanford.edu/
Publications:
Engh, A.M. and Maduke, M. (2005). Cysteine accessibility in ClC-0 supports conservation of the ClC intracellular vestibule. J. Gen. Physiol. 125, 601-17.
Matulef, K. and Maduke, M. (2005). Side-dependent inhibition of a prokaryotic ClC by DIDS. Biophys. J. 89, 1721-1730.
Maduke, M., & Mindell, J. A. (2003) The poststructural festivities begin Neuron 38: 1-3.
George Van Hare, M.D., Pediatric Cardiology
Ablation clinical trials, pediatric arrhythmias
Possible projects:
1) Pacemaker lead performance and the effects of growth, implantation site, and fixation mechanism.
2) Effect of radiofrequency and cryoablation procedures on cardiac repolarization
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/George_Van Hare/
Website of the Pediatric Arrhythmia Center at UCSF and Stanford: http://PediEP.stanford.edu/
Publications:
KK Collins, NA Chiesa, AM Dubin, GF Van Hare (2002) Clinical Outcomes of Children With Normal Cardiac Anatomy Having Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation >10 Years Earlier. The American Journal of Cardiology Vol. 89 February 15, 2002
GF Van Hare, NA Chiesa, RM Campbell, RJ Kanter and F Cecchin, for The Pediatric Electrophysiology Society. (2003) Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia in Children: Effect of Slow Pathway Ablation on Fast Pathway Function. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, Volume 13 (3), 203-209.
GF Van Hare, H Javitz, D Carmelli, JP Saul, RE Tanel, PS Fischbach, RJ Kanter, M Schaffer, A Dunnigan, S Colan, G Serwer. (2004) Prospective assessment after pediatric cardiac ablation: demographics, medical profiles, and initial outcomes. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 15:7: 759-70
Paul Wang, M.D., CV Medicine
Clinical electrophysiology and ablation
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Paul_Wang/
Cardiovascular Devices and Imaging
Ronald L Dalman, M.D., Surgery - Vascular Surgery
Biomolecular Imaging
The lab uses biocellular imaging techniques to follow the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm disease in an animal model. We use MRI, PET CT , spectroscopy, and bioluminescence to image aneurysms created in rodents.
Potential research projects and scholarly papers for interested students involve learning the pathogenesis of AAA disease as an inflammatory process using one of these imaging modalities.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Ronald_Dalman/
Publication:
E. Sho, M. Sho, H. Nanjo, K. Kawamura, H. Masuda, R. Dalman. Comparison of cell-type-specific vs transmural aortic gene expression in experimental aneurysms.J Vasc Surg. 2005 May;41(5):844-52.
William Fearon, M.D., CV Medicine
Investigating Coronary Physiology in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
Potential research projects:
Determining the changes and factors that affect the changes in coronary physiology that occur in various settings, such as after cardiac transplantation, after acute myocardial infarction, and in the absence of epicardial coronary disease.
Potential scholarly papers:
Reviewing the major recent developments in the application of wire-based measurements of coronary physiology.
Publications:
Fearon WF, Yeung AC. Evaluating intermediate coronary lesions in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2003:4(1):1-7.
Fearon WF, Balsam LB, Farouque HMO, Caffarelli AD, Robbins RC, Fitzgerald PJ, Yock PG, Yeung AC. Novel index for invasively assessing the coronary microcirculation. Circulation 2003;107:3129-3132.
e |
Curtis W. Frank, Ph.D., Chemical Engineering/ Center on Polymer Interfaces an Macromolecular Assemblies (CPIMA)
The interfacial properties of polymers used in cardiovascular devices. (Ideally, this would be in collaboration with someone from the School of Medicine .)
http://chemeng.stanford.edu/01About_the_Department/03Faculty/Frank/Frank.html
Sanjiv (Sam) Gambhir M.D., Ph.D., Radiology
Molecular imaging
Possible projects:
1) Image cell/molecular events in living subjects.
2) Develop molecular imaging probes targeted for specific events.
3) Translate molecular imaging assays into the clinic.
http://mips.stanford.edu/
Publication:
M Rodriguez-Porcel, O Gheysens, IY Chen, JC Wu, SS Gambhir. Image-Guided Cardiac Cell Delivery Using High-Resolution Small-Animal Ultrasound. (2005) Molecular Therapy Vol. 12, No. 6. (PDF: Gambhir_Mol Ther_05.pdf)
Michael Goris, M.D., Ph.D., Radiology
Cardiac PET/SPECT
Current research projects:
1. Display of myocardial motion by projecting specific components of the 3D motion of myocardial elements on the plane of origin
2. A natural language automated reporting system for Myocardial Perfusion scintigraphy:
Myocardial perfusion scintigraphies can be analyzed quantitatively, but the difficulty is to translate the quantitative metric into clinical relevant phraseology. A system translating picture analysis into clinical description is being tested. Presently the picture analysis output is entered after visual interpretation of a quantitative output, but the goal is to go directly from elementary image metric to clinical interpretation.
Publication:
Goris ML, Zhu HJ, Blankenberg F, Chan F, Robinson TE: An Automated Approach to Quantitative Air Trapping Measurements in Obstructive Lung Disease using Cystic Fibrosis as a Model. Chest 2003, 123:1655-1663
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Michael_Goris/
David Lee, M.D., CV Medicine
Interventional cardiology and devices
Current Research Projects:
1. Novel pharmacologic and device adjuncts in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction
2. Implications of anatomy and risk factors for post-PCI myocardial infarction
3.
Outcomes of treatments for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/David_Lee/
A.C. Matin Ph.D., Microbiology & Immunology
Bacterial biofilms in cardiovascular disease and devices
Potential projects:
Original Research Track: Precise role of specific bacterial genes (that we have identified) in conferring resistance on biofilms to antibiotics. (We have several mutants in Staphylococcus aureus, whose biofilms cause endocarditis, that fail to increase resistance in biofilm state. We know what genes are affected and are investigating their role in resistance.)
Scholars Track: Bacterial biofilms studied in-situ (ie in affected organs themselves). http://www.stanford.edu/~amatin/MatinLabHomePage/MatinLabHome-Page.htm
Publication:
Stone, G., P. Wood, L. Dixon, M. Keyhan and A. Matin. 2002. Tetracycline rapidly reaches all the constituent cells of uropathogenic Escherichia coli biofilms. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46: 2458-2461.
Michael McConnell, M.D.,MSEE, CV Medicine
MR imaging of cardiac structures
(Available to mentor students in the Scholarly Track)
http://www.stanford.edu/group/skmlab/
Drew Nelson Ph.D., Mechanical Engineering
Engineering design, devices
New or Improved Device or Surgical Instrument for Use in CVP
Main Elements:
(1) Research and identify potential opportunities for new or improved CVP surgical instruments or implanted devices;
(2) Become familiar with and prepare an overview of technological advances offered by engineering that may potentially be relevant to CVP (e.g., smart materials, new sensory capabilities, etc.);
(3) Evaluate the opportunities in view of what was learned in part (2) and select one opportunity to pursue;
(4) Generate concepts for a new or improved device or instrument and collaborate in development of a working model;
(5) Perform initial testing of the model, and
(6) Report the results of the project in a journal publication.
That may be too ambitious, but could be adjusted if it's of interest to anyone and within the scope of what would be acceptable for the program.
http://me.stanford.edu/faculty/facultydir/nelson.html
Terry Robinson, M.D., Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine
3D CT airway/lung segmentation & quantitative airway and regional air trapping analysis, Functional chest CT imaging in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis and other obstructive lung diseases.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Terry_Robinson/
Geoffrey Rubin M.D.
Radiology
Cardiac and vascular CT and MRI with emphasis on 3D and 4D analyses
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Geoffrey_Rubin/
Norman Silverman, M.D., Pediatric Cardiology
Echocardiographic determinants of heart function in congenital malformations, fetal echocardiography
Potential research projects (either original research or scholarly track):
1. Estimation of right ventricular volume by 2- and 3-dimensional echocardiography.
2. Estimation of Pulmonary regurgitation volume in tetralogy of Fallot using Echocardiography: Comparison with 3-dimensional echocardiography
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Norman_Silverman/
Publications:
Friedberg MK, Silverman NH "Changing indications for fetal echocardiography in a University Center population." Prenat Diagn 2004; 24: 10: 781-6
Tham EB, Silverman NH "Measurement of the Tei index: a comparison of M-mode and pulse Doppler methods." J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004; 17: 12: 1259-65
Friedberg MK, Silverman NH "Mitral valve leaflet excursion velocity in the pediatric population: a comparable diastolic index to the color M-mode propagation velocity." J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005; 18: 2: 142-7
Charles A. Taylor, Ph.D., Surgery, and Mechanical Engineering
Computer modeling and engineering approaches to congenital heart disease
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Charles_Taylor/
Cardiovascular Biomechanics Research lab
http://med.stanford.edu/school/vascular/
Joseph Wu M.D., Ph.D., CV Medicine and Radiology
Molecular imaging of gene and stem cell therapy
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Joseph_Wu/
Phillip Yang, M.D., CV Medicine
Cardiovascular MRI
1) Cellular and molecular imaging of stem cell engraftment. Novel cardiac MRI of myocardial perfusion and coronary arteries.
2) First publication of cellular MRI of stem cells at 1.5T. Real-time coronary MRI.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Phillip_Yang/
Alan Yeung, M.D., CV Medicine
Human coronary physiology
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Alan_Yeung/
Paul Yock, M.D., CV Medicine
Device development, tissue engineering
Note:Dr. Yock is not available to mentor in the Winter ofr Spring of 2006
http://biox.stanford.edu/clark/yock.html
Peter FitzGerald, M.D., Ph.D., CV Medicine
Intravascular Ultrasound
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Peter_Fitzgerald/
CVP Exercise Physiology, and Risk Factors of CVP Disease
Stephen P. Fortmann, M.D., Medicine/SPRC
Population and clinical studies of CV risk and prevention
Potential Research Projects:
1. Examine characteristics of smokers volunteering for smoking cessation studies over the past 20 years: how has this class of smokers changed during the California State tobacco control effort?
2. A large number of genetic and other variables have been collected as part of the ongoing ADVANCE project in collaboration with the Kaiser Division of Research. There is potential for analyzing some of these data in relation to case-control status.
3. Exercise assessment methods need improvement. We have developed a promising, simple assessment questionnaire that needs testing for precision and accuracy in a free-living sample.
4. What is the profile of dietary supplement users in a sample of men and women aged 60-72 and how do their CVD risk factors and coronary artery calcium levels differ from non-users?
Potential Scholarly Papers
1. Examine the potential benefits and risks of increasing fish consumption in the general population, including both health and environmental effects.
2. Review the current status of homocysteine as a risk factor and folate supplementation for preventing CVD.
3. Review the current status of Lipoprotein(a) as a risk factor in different ethnic groups at the population level, or the evidence for the pathogenic role of Lp(a), or both.
4. Review the status of anti-oxidant supplementation for primary prevention of CVD, contrasting supplementation with dietary change.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Stephen_Fortmann/
Recent Publications:
Jamison, RL, Hartigan P, Gaziano JM, Fortmann SP, Goldfarb DS, Haroldson JA, Kaufman J, Lavori P, McCully KS, Robinson K. Design and statistical issues in the Homocysteinemia in Kidney and End Stage Renal Disease (HOST) Study. Clin Trials 2004; 1: 451-460
Henriksen L, Dauphinee AL, Wang Y, Fortmann SP. Industry-sponsored anti-smoking ads and adolescent reactance: Test of a boomerang effect. Tobacco Control
(accepted September 2005). by Tob Control. 2006 Feb;15(1):13-8.
Killen JD, Fortmann SP, Murphy GM, Hayward C, Arredondo CJ, Cromp D, Celio M, Abe L, Wang Y, Schatzberg AF. Randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of extended treatment with bupropion SR for cigarette smoking cessation. Arch Psychiat (accepted October 2005)
Go AS, Iribarren C, Chandra M, Lathon PV, Fortmann SP, Hlatky MA for the Heart, Health, and Heredity (H 3) Study. Statin and beta-blocker therapy and the risk of presenting with acute myocardial infarction versus stable exertional angina. Ann Intern Med. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:229-238
Michael Gould M.D. M.S., Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Outcomes research in pulmonary medicine
Potential Projects:
1. Shared decision-making in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules; adherence with ACCP guidelines for management of lung CA
2. Predictors of peri-operative complications after lung resection
3. Effect of long-term O 2 therapy on survival, functional status and quality of life in COPD
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Michael_Gould/
Publication:
Cost-effectiveness of alternative management strategies for patients with solitary pulmonary nodules. Gould MK, Sanders GD, Barnett PG, Rydzak CE, Maclean CC, McClellan MB, Owens DK Ann Intern Med 2003; 138: 9: 724-35
Paul Heidenreich, M.D., CV Medicine
Cost-effectiveness of therapies for myocardial ischemia and congestive heart failure; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research for Heart Disease.
Potential Projects:
1. Trends in the treatment and outcome of heart failure. This study uses national data from the VA health care system.
2. Impact of valve disease on prognosis. This study uses data from a large echocardiography database.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Paul_Heidenreich/
Publication:
Cost-Effectiveness of Screening With B-Type Natriuretic Peptide to Identify Patients With Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. PA Heidenreich , MA . Gubens, GC Fonarow , MA Konstam, LW Stevenson, PG Shekelle. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43:1019–26.
Mark Hlatky, M.D., Health Research & Policy
Outcome studies of CV disease
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Mark_Hlatky/
Publication:
Evidence-Based Medicine And Policy: The Case Of The Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator. MA Hlatky, GD Sanders, and DK Owens. Health Aff (Millwood) 2005, 24:1: 42-51
Jonathan Myers, Ph.D., CV Medicine (Palo Alto VA)
Clinical exercise physiology; Cardiopulmonary exercise testing; Epidemiology / cardiovascular health
Potential Projects:
1) Interaction between obesity and physical activity patterns in predicting mortality
2) Comparison between chronotropic incompetence, heart rate recovery, and the Duke Treadmill Score in predicting cardiac events
http://www.cardiology.palo-alto.med.va.gov/
Publication:
Myers J, Prakash M, Froelicher V, Do D, Partington S, Atwood JE. Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing. N Engl J Med. 2002 Mar 14;346(11):793-801.
Balady GJ. Survival of the fittest--more evidence. N Engl J Med. 2002 Mar 14;346(11):852
Gerald Reaven, M.D., CV Medicine
Insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension diabetes, cardiovascular disease
Potential Research Projects
1) Relationship between adipocyte cell size and number, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease
2) Metabolic effects on weight, insulin action, insulin secretion and cardiovascular disease risk in patients taking atypical antipsychotic drugs
Potential Scholarly Papers
1) Is obesity the cause or simply a modulator of insulin resistance and associated abnormalities
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Gerald_Reaven/
Publication:
Reaven GM. The insulin resistance syndrome. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2003; 5; 364-371.
Reaven G. The metabolic syndrome or the insulin resistance syndrome? Different names, different concepts, and different goals. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2004; 33: 283-303.
Randall Stafford, M.D., Ph.D., Medicine - SPRC
Health care delivery and chronic disease management
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Randall_Stafford/
Stanford Prevention Research Center
http://prevention.stanford.edu/
Marcia Stefanick Ph.D., I think so Medicine/SPRC
Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Lifestyle (Exercise, Weight Control, Diet) and Menopausal Hormones
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Marcia_Stefanick/
Stanford Prevention Research Center
http://prevention.stanford.edu/
The following faculty are alternate mentors to the primary list. CVP Concentration Students interested in conducting research under their mentorship, please talk to Dr. Roof or the Concentration Directors, and we will try to facilitate this. |
Anne Dubin, M.D., Pediatric Cardiology
Resynchronization clinical trials
Frank Hanley, M.D., Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery
Surgery of complex cardiac malformations in the neonate, fetal surgery
Rex Jamison M.D., Nephrology
Homocysteine and vascular disease
Gregory Kovacs M.D. Ph.D., Electrical Engineering
Devices for pharmaceutical screening, pacing, genomics
Tom Quertermous, M.D., CV Medicine
Angiogenesis and molecular vascular biology
Mohan Reddy, M.D., Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery
Complex cardiac surgery in premature and low birth weight neonates and single ventricle physiology
R. Kirk Riemer Ph.D., Surgery
Cardio-pulmonary physiology and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations
The following faculty are Mentors on related CVP Science Training Grants and have ongoing collaborations with CVP Concentration Mentors. Research projects with a CVP Mentor and these scientists can be arranged. |
Patrick, O. Brown, M.D., Ph.D., Biochemistry
Use of DNA microarrays to watch genomes in action. Systematical characterization of the genetic script that controls gene expression in healthy cells and disease.
Chi JT, Chang HY, Haraldsen G, Jahnsen FL, Troyanskaya OG, Chang DS, Wang Z, Rockson SG, van de Rijn M, Botstein D, Brown PO. Endothelial cell diversity revealed by global expression profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100(19):10623-8.
Mark A. Kay, M.D., Ph.D., Pediatrics (Genetics)
Gene transfer technologies and gene therapy for genetic and acquired diseases. Viral and non-viral vector systems in hemophilia and hepatitis C virus infection.
Yant, S.R., X. Wu, Y. Huang, B. Garrison, S.M. Burgess, M.A. Kay. Nonrandom DNA transposon insertion site preferences in mammals. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 2005; 25:2085-2094.
Philip Lavori, Ph.D., Health Research and Policy
Biostatistics, clinical trials.
Bristow, M.R., Krause-Steinrauf, H., Nuzzo, R., Liang, C.S., Lindenfeld, J., Lowes, B.D., Hattler, B., Abraham, W.T., Olson, L., Krueger S., Thaneemit-Chen, S., Hare, J.M., Loeb, H.S., Domanski, M.J., Eichhorn, E.J., Zelis, R., Lavori, P. Effect of baseline or changes in adrenergic activity on clinical outcomes in the beta-blocker evaluation of survival trial. Circulation 2004;110:1437-1442.
Richard M. Myers, Ph.D., Genetics
Molecular basis of human inherited diseases and traits, including Huntington disease, Parkinson disease, schizophrenia, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and hypertension; genetic analysis of human protocadherins; genome analysis, large-scale genomic and full-length cDNA sequencing, genome-wide analysis of human transcriptional regulation.
Noonan, J. P., Grimwood, J., Schmutz, J., Dickson, M., and Myers, R. M. Gene conversion and the evolution of protocadherin gene cluster diversity. Genome Res. 2004; 14: 354-366.
Garry P. Nolan, Ph.D., Microbiology and Immunology
Signaling in the immune system. Autoimmunity, angiogenesis, retrovirology, and HIV-1,using Flow Cytometry (FACS) of phosphoprotein activation states in single cells, a range of viral cDNA/peptide expression systems and single-cell genetic selections.
Perez OD, Mitchell D, Jager GC, South S, Murriel C, McBride J, Herzenberg LA, Kinoshita S, Nolan GP. Leukocyte functional antigen 1 lowers T cell activation thresholds and signaling through cytohesin-1 and Jun-activating binding protein 1. Nat Immunol. 2003 Nov;4(11):1083-92.
Roeland Nusse, Ph.D., Developmental Biology
Function of Wnt proteins during embryogenesis and in cellular processes in Drosophila and in mammals.
Nelson W, Nusse R: Convergence of Wnt, beta-catenin and Cadherin Pathways. Science 2004; 303:1483-1487 .
Norbert J Pelc, Sc.D., Radiology and Bioengineering (Electrical Engineering)
Phase contrast MRI to separate moving from static structures, to visualize 3D motion of the heart to evaluate heart function, coronary and cerebral blood flow.
Markl M, Pelc NJ . On flow effects in balanced steady-state free precession imaging: pictorial description, parameter dependence, and clinical implications.
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;20(4):697-705.
Thomas A Rando, M.D., Ph.D., Neurology and Neurological Sciences VA/PAHCS
Postnatal myogenesis; Gene therapy for muscular dystrophies; Pathogenetic mechanisms in muscular dystrophies; Cellular and molecular mechanisms of age-related muscle atrophy.
Conboy IM, Conboy MJ, Wagers AJ, Girma E, Weissman IL, Rando TA Rejuvenation of aged progenitor cells by exposure to a young systemic environment. Nature. 2005; 433: 760-764
Robert J. Tibshirani, Ph.D., Health Research and Policy (Statistics)
Applied statistics and biostatistics, analysis of genomic data and imaging data
Bair E, Tibshirani R. Semi-supervised methods to predict patient survival from gene expression data. PLoS Biol. 2004; 2(4):E108.
Irving L. Weissman, M.D., Ph.D., Cancer Biology Pathology, Developmental Biology (Biological Sciences
Development of T and B lymphocytes; cell-surface receptors for oncornaviruses in leukemia. Hematopoietic stem cells; Lymphocyte homing, lymphoma invasiveness and metastasis.
Shizuru JA, Negrin RS, Weissman IL . Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells: clinical and preclinical regeneration of the hematolymphoid system. Annu Rev Med. 2005;56:509-38.
