Stanford School of Medicine
Comparative Medicine–

Selected References on Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Tranquilization in Laboratory Animals

  1. Clifford DH. Preanesthesia, anesthesia, analgesia, and euthanasia. In: Fox JG et al., eds., Laboratory Animal Medicine ACLAM Series. Academic Press, New York, pp 527-562, 1984.
  2. Green CJ. Animal anesthesia. Laboratory Animal Handbook 8. Laboratory Animals Ltd., London, 1979.
  3. Green CJ, et al. Ketamine alone and combined with diazepam or xylazine in laboratory animals: a ten year experience. Laboratory Animals, 15:163-170, 1981.
  4. Flecknell, PA. Post-operative analgesia in rabbits and rodents. Lab Animal, 20(9): 34-37, 1991.
  5. Jenkins, WL. Pharmacologic aspects of analgesic drugs in animals: an overview. JAVMA, 191(10):1231-1240.
  6. The use of oxymorphone in veterinary medicine: proceedings of a roundtable. Veterinary Learning Systems Co., Inc., 1987.
  7. Hughes HC. Anesthesia of laboratory animals. Lab Animal, 10(5): 40-56, 1981.
  8. Rosenberg DP. Nonhuman primate analgesia. Lab Animal, 20(9):22-32, 1991.
  9. Lumb WV and Jones EW. 1984. Veterinary anesthesia. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, PA.
  10. Plumb DC. Veterinary drug handbook. PharmaVet Publishing, White Bear Lake, MN. 1991.
  11. Walden NB. Effective sedation of rabbits, guinea pigs, rat, and mice with a mixture of fentanyl and droperidol. Aust Vet J, 54:538-540, 1978.
  12. Flecknell PA. Laboratory animal anesthesia. Academic Press, NY, 1987.
  13. Harkness JE and Wagner JE. 1989. The biology and medicine of rabbits and rodents. Lea & Febiger. Philadelphia, PA.
  14. Current Veterinary Service Center recommendation based on clinical experience.
  15. Field WE, et al. Use of droperidol and fentanyl for analgesia and sedation in primates. JAVMA, 149(7):896-901, 1966.
  16. Olson ME, et al. The parasympatholytic effects of atropine sulfate and glycopyrrolate in rats and rabbits. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 57: 254-258, 1993.
  17. Smith AC and Swindle, MM. Laboratory animal anesthesia, analgesia and surgery. Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, Greenbelt, MA, 1994.
  18. Fox JG. 1988. Biology and disease of the ferret. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, PA.
  19. Crawshaw GJ. Amphibian medicine. In: Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine. Current Therapy 3. ME Fowler, ed. 1993. W.B. Saunders Company, Philidelphia, PA
  20. Smith JM and Stump KC. Isoflurane anesthesia in the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis). Contemp Topics Lab Anim Sci 39(6):39-42, 2000.
  21. Flecknell PA and Walterman-Pearson A. Pain management in animals. W.B. Saunders, Philidelphia, PA, 2000.

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