Veterinary Guidelines for Anesthetics: Nonhuman Primates

Anticholinergics

  • Atropine, 0.02-0.05 mg/kg IM (1)
  • Glycopyrrolate 0.005-0.01 mg/kg IM (1)

Muscle Relaxants (macaques & baboons)

  • Pancuronium 0.08-0.1 mg/kg IV (1)
  • Vecuronium 0.04-0.06 mg/kg IV (1)

Tranquilizers

  • Acepromazine 0.1-1.0 mg/kg IM (2)
  • Diazepam 1.0-5.0 mg/kg IM (2)
  • Xylazine 0.25-0.5 mg/kg IM (2)

Dissociative Anesthesia (macaques & baboons)

  • Ketamine 5-20 mg/kg IM (1)
  • Ketamine 10 mg/kg IM followed by Diazepam 0.2-0.35 mg/kg IM, IV (1)
  • Ketamine 10 mg/kg IM followed by Diazepam 0.5 mg/kg IV (1)
  • Ketamine 15 mg/kg IM followed by Midazolam 0.05-0.15 mg IV (1)
  • Ketamine 10 mg/kg IM followed by Xylazine 0.25-2.0 mg/kg IM (1)
  • Tiletamine+zolazepam (Telazol) 1.5-3 mg/kg IM (1)

Dissociative Anesthesia (squirrel monkeys)

  • Ketamine 10-30 mg/kg IM (1)
  • Ketamine 10-30 mg/kg IM followed by Xylazine 3 mg/kg IM (1)
  • Ketamine 15-20 mg/kg IM followed by 1 mg/kg Diazepam IM (1)
  • Tiletamine+zolazepam (Telazol) 10 mg/kg IM (1)

Barbiturates *

  • Pentobarital 20-30 mg/kg, IV – macaques (1)
  • Thiopental 15-17 mg/kg/hr IV – baboons (1)

Opioids

  • Fentanyl 5-10 µg IV bolus (1)
  • Fentanyl 10-25 µg/kg/hr continuous IV infusion with lower isoflurane % (1)

Local Anesthesia

  • Bupivicaine ≤1-2 mg/kg local infusion (0.4 -0.8 ml/kg of 0.25% solution) (3)
  • Lidocaine ≤4 mg/kg local infusion (0.4 ml/kg of 1% solution) (3)

Analgesics

  • Buprenorphine 0.01 mg/kg IM q 6-8 hr (1)
  • Morphine 1-2 mg/kg, IM, SQ q 4 hr (1)
  • Oxymorphone 0.15 mg/kg, IM q 4-6 hr. (macaque & baboon; 1)
  • Oxymorphone 0.075 mg/kg, IM q 4-6 hr. (squirrel monkey) (1)
  • Carprofen 3-4 mg/kg PO SQ daily for up to 3 days (3)
  • Flunixin 0.5-4.0 mg/kg SQ, IV daily (3)
  • Flunixin 0.3-1 mg/kg SQ, IV q 12-24 hr (3)
  • Ketoprofen 2 mg/kg SQ daily (1)
  • Meloxicam 0.1-0.2 mg/kg PO daily for up to 3 days (4)

*Pretreatment with ketamine will reduce the thiobarbiturate dose needed.


References

  1. Popilskis SJ and Kohn DF. Anesthesia and analgesia in nonhuman primates. In: Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, Kohn DF et. al.Eds. Academic Press, New York. NY. pp. 234-254. 1997.
  2. Bernacky BJ, et. al. Nonhuman primates. In: Laboratory Animal Medicine 2nd Edition, Fox JG, et. al. Eds. Academic Press, New York, NY. pp. 676-777. 2002.
  3. Flecknell PA and Waterman-Pearson A. Pain Management in Animals. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 2002.
  4. Flecknell PA. Clinical experience with NSAIDs in macaques. In: Laboratory Primate Newsletter, Schrier JE Ed. pg 4. Jan 2005