Guidelines for Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Tranquilization in Amphibians

Immersion Anesthetics

  • Tricaine methane sulfonate (MS222), 300-500 mg/L (larva); 500-2000 mg/L) (adults) (buffer with 10-25 m Eq/L sodium bicarbonate) (17, 19)

Injectable Anesthetics

  • Tricaine methane sulfonate, 100 mg/kg; SQ; IP; SQ
    (buffer with 10-25 m) Eq/L sodium bicarbonate) (17, 19)
  • Tricaine methane sulfonate, 50-150 mg/kg; SQ; IM
    (buffer with 10-25 m) Eq/L sodium bicarbonate) (19)
  • Ketamine, 50-150 mg/kg; IM (17)

Inhalant Anesthetics - Induction

  • Isoflurane, 4-5% via mask (17)

Topical Anesthetics

  • Isoflurane, 0.008 to 0.06 mL/g via patch applied to skin (20)